International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics最新文献_第2页

Analysis of driver's physiological responses and task load in curved and spiral tunnels: A naturalistic driving experiment 分析弯道和螺旋隧道中驾驶员的生理反应和任务负荷：自然驾驶实验

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103664

Lei Han , Zhigang Du

This study aims to analyze the physiological responses and task load of drivers in curved and spiral tunnels. Spiral tunnels, a unique solution for complex terrains, exhibit distinct geometric and functional characteristics compared to curved tunnels. Despite advances in spiral tunnel design in China, concerns about driver safety persist. The research recruited 30 participants to conduct naturalistic driving experiments in curved and spiral tunnels. By analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) indices and using factor analysis, four HRV indices (HR, SDNN, LF/HF, SampEn) were selected as primary indicators. Results from statistical analysis showed that drivers had a significantly higher average heart rate (HR) in spiral tunnels compared to curved tunnels (F(1,1198) = 593.29, p < 0.01), indicating greater psychological stress and physiological burden. The standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) was lower in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 868.18, p < 0.01), suggesting reduced heart rate variability and a more dominant sympathetic tone. The ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power (LF/HF) was higher in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 419.85, p < 0.01), indicating increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, the sample entropy (SampEn) of the electrocardiogram was lower in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 1595.05, p < 0.01), suggesting a decrease in the complexity of the ECG signal and a weaker autonomic nerve regulation ability of the heart. Subjective task load evaluation using the NASA-TLX scale further revealed that drivers experienced a higher task load across various dimensions such as mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance in spiral tunnels. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the physiological and psychological responses of drivers in curved and spiral tunnels, contributing to optimizing tunnel design, improving driver education and training, and enhancing tunnel safety and the overall driving experience.

本研究旨在分析驾驶员在曲线隧道和螺旋隧道中的生理反应和任务负荷。螺旋隧道是应对复杂地形的一种独特解决方案，与曲线隧道相比，螺旋隧道具有独特的几何和功能特征。尽管中国在螺旋隧道设计方面取得了进步，但对驾驶员安全的担忧依然存在。研究招募了 30 名参与者，在弧形和螺旋形隧道中进行自然驾驶实验。通过分析心率变异性（HRV）指数，并使用因子分析，选择了四个心率变异性指数（HR、SDNN、LF/HF、SampEn）作为主要指标。统计分析结果表明，与曲线隧道相比，驾驶员在螺旋隧道中的平均心率（HR）明显更高（F(1,1198) = 593.29, p <0.01），表明心理压力和生理负担更大。螺旋形隧道的 NN 间期标准偏差（SDNN）更低（F(1,1198) = 868.18，p <0.01），表明心率变异性降低，交感神经张力更强。低频功率与高频功率之比（LF/HF）在螺旋隧道中更高（F(1,1198) = 419.85, p <0.01），表明交感神经系统活动增加。此外，螺旋隧道中心电图的样本熵（SampEn）较低（F(1,1198) = 1595.05, p <0.01），表明心电信号的复杂性降低，心脏的自律神经调节能力减弱。使用 NASA-TLX 量表进行的主观任务负荷评估进一步显示，驾驶员在精神需求、体力需求、时间需求、努力程度、挫败感和螺旋隧道中的表现等多个维度上都经历了较高的任务负荷。总之，本研究为了解驾驶员在弯道和螺旋隧道中的生理和心理反应提供了宝贵的见解，有助于优化隧道设计、改进驾驶员教育和培训、提高隧道安全性和整体驾驶体验。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the link between occupational risk factors, work-related musculoskeletal disorders and quality of work life: An analysis using PLS-SEM 评估职业风险因素、与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病和工作生活质量之间的联系：使用 PLS-SEM 进行分析

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103658

Jonhatan Magno Norte da Silva , Lucas Gomes Miranda Bispo , Wilza Karla dos Santos Leite , Elarama Marama de Araujo Vieira , Alexandre Henrique Silva Lisboa , Rafaela de Sá Teixeira

This article aimed to test the hypotheses of a complex model considering the chain relationship between occupational risk factors, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) symptoms, and Quality of Work Life (QWL) perceived by workers. We assessed psychosocial risk factors utilizing items from the Job Content Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II. The biomechanical factors analyzed included poor trunk and upper limb postures, excessive lifting, and prolonged standing. Organizational factors evaluated were monotonous work, tight deadlines, and low stimulation for teamwork. Using the Nordic and Walton Questionnaires, we assessed workers’ perceptions of WMSD symptoms and QWL. We constructed the model using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The measurement model assessed reliability (composite reliability) and validity tests (average variance extracted, Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations method, and Fornell-Larcker criterion). The structural model analyzed direct and indirect paths between factors and tested the hypotheses (bootstrapping method). Results indicate that most biomechanical factors affect WMSDs mediated by physical work demands. Physical work demands have a direct impact on WMSDs and stress. Good psychosocial conditions alleviate stress, reduce WMSD symptoms, and increase QWL. Harmful organizational factors acted indirectly on WRMSDs, amplifying stress perception. Finally, WMSDs worsen QWL. We concluded that the model is valid with satisfactory psychometrics for measuring and relating risk factors, WMSDs, and QWL, providing insights that can guide professionals and researchers in planning and implementing actions to prevent risks and WMSD symptoms and improve QWL.

本文旨在检验一个复杂模型的假设，该模型考虑了职业风险因素、与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）症状和工人感知的工作生活质量（QWL）之间的连锁关系。我们利用工作内容问卷、努力-回报不平衡问卷和哥本哈根社会心理问卷 II 中的项目对社会心理风险因素进行了评估。分析的生物力学因素包括躯干和上肢姿势不良、过度举重和长时间站立。评估的组织因素包括单调的工作、紧迫的截止日期和对团队合作的低刺激。我们使用北欧和沃尔顿问卷评估了工人对 WMSD 症状和 QWL 的看法。我们使用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）方法构建了模型。测量模型评估了信度（综合信度）和效度检验（平均方差提取、异方差-单方差相关比方法和 Fornell-Larcker 标准）。结构模型分析了因子间的直接和间接路径，并对假设进行了检验（引导法）。结果表明，大多数生物力学因素对 WMSDs 的影响都以体力工作需求为中介。体力工作要求对 WMSDs 和压力有直接影响。良好的社会心理条件可减轻压力，减少 WMSD 症状，提高 QWL。有害的组织因素会间接影响 WRMSDs，放大压力感知。最后，WMSDs 会恶化 QWL。我们的结论是，该模型在测量和关联风险因素、WMSDs 和 QWL 方面具有令人满意的心理计量学效果，可以为专业人员和研究人员规划和实施预防风险和 WMSD 症状以及改善 QWL 的行动提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of a passive shoulder exoskeleton on a sensorimotor task when performed above and at shoulder height 被动式肩部外骨骼对在肩部以上和肩部高度执行传感运动任务的影响

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103668

Jianyang Tang , Dongjoon Kong , Leia Stirling

Exoskeletons have emerged as an opportunity for reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) for industry workers. However, it is not clear how these exoskeletons will affect task or work-related performance. In this study, the effect of task height and the presence of a shoulder-support exoskeleton on sensorimotor performance was examined. Participants (n = 24) performed a sensorimotor multidirectional tapping task using a grip tool under two task heights (at shoulder, 40° above shoulder) and exoskeleton presence (present, absent). Results support that accuracy, error rate, and precision were not affected by task height and exoskeleton presence, while movement time (3.7% average movement time increase at shoulder height and 9.7% average movement time increase above shoulder height with exoskeleton presence) and throughput (3.3% average throughput decrease at shoulder height and 7.3% average throughput decrease at above shoulder height with exoskeleton presence) were affected when the exoskeleton was present. Results also support that the perceived discomfort, fatigue, and workload were influenced by task height and exoskeleton presence. This study expands understanding of the effect of a passive exoskeleton during a sensorimotor assessment task, which provides added context for industry decision-making on using exoskeletons as a method to mitigate WMSDs and motivates future design recommendations for exoskeletons.

外骨骼的出现为减少工业工人与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSD）提供了机会。然而，目前还不清楚这些外骨骼会如何影响任务或与工作相关的表现。本研究考察了任务高度和肩部支撑外骨骼对感知运动表现的影响。受试者（n = 24）在两种任务高度（肩部、肩部以上 40°）和外骨骼存在（存在、不存在）条件下使用抓握工具完成了一项感觉运动多向敲击任务。结果表明，准确度、错误率和精确度不受任务高度和外骨骼存在的影响，而移动时间（外骨骼存在时，肩部高度的平均移动时间增加 3.7%，肩部以上高度的平均移动时间增加 9.7%）和吞吐量（外骨骼存在时，肩部高度的平均吞吐量减少 3.3%，肩部以上高度的平均吞吐量减少 7.3%）则受到外骨骼存在的影响。研究结果还证明，任务高度和外骨骼的存在会影响感知到的不适、疲劳和工作量。这项研究加深了人们对被动式外骨骼在传感运动评估任务中的影响的理解，为行业在使用外骨骼作为减轻 WMSDs 的方法方面的决策提供了更多的背景信息，并为外骨骼的未来设计提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103656

Yuqi He , Xiaoli Wu , Xingcan Yang , Zexi Fang , Qian Li , Yongqiang Huang , Zhiyu Wang , Yue Luo , Jiaqi Zhou , Donglin Yu

Using icons from nuclear power interface as the research object, this study explored how icon similarity affected the performance of dual objective visual search. Firstly, the process of generating similarity bias was described from the perspective of human cognitive processing. The feature attributes of nuclear power icons were extracted, and then associated and mapped with similarity bias attributes. Secondly, a total of 16 instruction icons, device icons, and component icons were selected to propose icon coding logic for different similarity dimensions, and similarity experimental materials were designed. Finally, a dual objective search experiment with a 4 × 4 matrix was conducted to explore the impact of graph similarity on search performance and to determine the priority of perceptual similarity, semantic similarity, and memory similarity. High-level (H) similarity between the two targets resulted in superior visual search performance (p = 0.01 between the response times of similarity high and medium/low). Improving experiential familiarity enhanced search performance in cases of low-level (L) (p = 0.021) and medium-level (M) (p ≤ 0.009) icon similarity, but had no significant impact on search performance in cases of high-level (H) similarity (p ≥ 0.269). Compared to semantic similarity, enhancing perceptual similarity was more likely to improve search performance(p = 0.024).

本研究以核电界面的图标为研究对象，探讨了图标相似性如何影响双目标视觉搜索的表现。首先，从人类认知加工的角度描述了相似性偏差的产生过程。提取了核电图标的特征属性，然后将其与相似性偏差属性进行关联和映射。其次，选取了指令图标、设备图标和组件图标共 16 个，提出了不同相似性维度的图标编码逻辑，并设计了相似性实验材料。最后，进行了 4 × 4 矩阵的双目标搜索实验，以探索图形相似性对搜索性能的影响，并确定感知相似性、语义相似性和记忆相似性的优先级。两个目标之间的高水平（H）相似性使视觉搜索性能更优越（高相似性和中/低相似性的反应时间之间的 p = 0.01）。提高经验熟悉度可以提高低级（L）（p = 0.021）和中级（M）（p ≤ 0.009）图标相似度情况下的搜索表现，但对高级（H）相似度情况下的搜索表现没有显著影响（p ≥ 0.269）。与语义相似性相比，增强感知相似性更有可能提高搜索性能（p = 0.024）。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of camera-monitor system viewing angles on drivers’ distance perception: A simulated driving study 摄像监控系统视角对驾驶员距离感的影响：模拟驾驶研究

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103657

Yingying Pang , Hongting Li , Shu Ma , Xinkui Hu , Zhen Yang

Camera-monitor systems (CMS) are increasingly used in driving. CMS separates the driver's sight line from the camera view, due to the lack of mirror reflection, only changing the camera's visual axis angle may affect the driver's rear view perception. While previous research has explored camera height and field of view, the effects of horizontal and vertical viewing angles alone remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate how the horizontal viewing angle and vertical viewing angle of CMS camera affect distance estimation and car-following tasks. By changing the horizontal and vertical viewing angle, different self-vehicle references and horizon positions were formed in the image. Two experiments were conducted with the CMS around the steering wheel (Experiment 1) and at the bottom of the A-pillar (Experiment 2). Independent variables were the horizontal viewing angle (reference scale: 1/4, 1/3, 1/2) and vertical viewing angle (horizon position: 1/2, 1/3). Dependent variables included distance estimation error ratio and following distance. Experiment 1 demonstrated a significant interaction effect: a smaller reference scale and higher horizon position reduced distance underestimation. Additionally, a smaller reference scale for the participants' self-vehicle resulted in shorter following distances. In Experiment 2, the distance estimation outcomes on the left display aligned with those of Experiment 1; however, the influence of the viewing angle was diminished on the right display. The study suggests CMS design should balance vehicle reference inclusion with environmental cues, enhancing distance perception and driving safety. The consistency between CMS design and driver familiarity also needs to be considered.

摄像头监控系统（CMS）在驾驶中的应用越来越广泛。CMS 将驾驶员的视线与摄像头的视线分开，由于没有镜面反射，只有改变摄像头的视轴角度才可能影响驾驶员的后视感知。虽然之前的研究已经探讨了摄像头的高度和视野，但仅凭水平和垂直视角的影响仍不明确。本研究旨在评估 CMS 摄像机的水平视角和垂直视角如何影响距离估计和汽车跟随任务。通过改变水平和垂直视角，在图像中形成不同的自车参照物和地平线位置。我们进行了两项实验，分别将 CMS 安装在方向盘周围（实验 1）和 A 柱底部（实验 2）。自变量为水平视角（参考比例：1/4、1/3、1/2）和垂直视角（水平位置：1/2、1/3）。因变量包括距离估计误差比和跟车距离。实验 1 显示了显著的交互效应：较小的参考比例和较高的水平位置会减少距离低估。此外，参与者自驾车的参考尺度越小，跟车距离越短。在实验 2 中，左侧显示屏的距离估计结果与实验 1 一致；但在右侧显示屏上，视角的影响减弱了。研究表明，CMS 的设计应平衡车辆参照物与环境线索之间的关系，从而提高距离感知能力和驾驶安全性。此外，还需要考虑 CMS 设计与驾驶员熟悉程度之间的一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of passive shoulder-support exoskeleton entity and support force on user range of motion under external loads 被动肩部支撑外骨骼实体和支撑力对使用者在外部负荷下活动范围的影响

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103655

Tiejun Ma, Shuping Xiong

This study investigates the effects of a passive shoulder-support exoskeleton entity and support force on the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder and trunk. Twenty-six healthy participants underwent ROM assessments across three exoskeleton setting conditions (without the exoskeleton; wearing the exoskeleton but the support force deactivated; wearing the exoskeleton with the support force activated) and three external load conditions (0 kg, 3 kg, and 6 kg). Results show that while the exoskeleton entity constrained the shoulder ROM (vertical abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, and horizontal abduction/adduction) and trunk ROM (lateral flexion and rotation), the support force partially alleviated this constraint. External loads primarily restricted the mobility of the shoulder but not the trunk. Interaction effects revealed the complex interplay between external loads and exoskeleton settings on ROM and perceived difficulty, particularly in shoulder vertical abduction/adduction. This study underscores the necessity of considering exoskeleton entity, support force, and external loads in optimizing user joint mobility.

The industrial exoskeleton represents a promising solution for enhancing workplace safety and productivity by mitigating work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study assessed the impact of the exoskeleton's entity and support force on joint mobility across different load scenarios. Joint mobility is critical to perform industrial tasks that require high flexibility and agility.

本研究调查了被动肩部支撑外骨骼实体和支撑力对肩部和躯干运动范围（ROM）的影响。26 名健康参与者在三种外骨骼设置条件（不穿外骨骼；穿外骨骼但支撑力失效；穿外骨骼但支撑力激活）和三种外部负载条件（0 千克、3 千克和 6 千克）下接受了运动范围评估。结果表明，虽然外骨骼实体限制了肩关节活动度（垂直外展/内收、屈伸和水平外展/内收）和躯干活动度（侧向屈伸和旋转），但支撑力部分缓解了这种限制。外部负荷主要限制了肩部的活动度，但没有限制躯干的活动度。交互效应揭示了外部负荷和外骨骼设置对ROM和感知难度的复杂相互作用，尤其是在肩部垂直外展/内收方面。这项研究强调了在优化用户关节活动度时考虑外骨骼实体、支撑力和外部负载的必要性。工业外骨骼是一种很有前景的解决方案，它可以通过减轻与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病来提高工作场所的安全性和生产率。本研究评估了外骨骼的实体和支撑力在不同负载情况下对关节活动度的影响。关节活动度对于执行需要高度灵活性和敏捷性的工业任务至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing healthcare equity through human factors engineering 通过人因工程促进医疗公平

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103654

Myrtede Alfred , Kristin Tully , Enid Montague

引用次数: 0

Shoulder-assist exoskeleton effects on balance and muscle activity during a block-laying task on a simulated mast climber 肩部辅助外骨骼对在模拟桅杆攀爬器上完成铺块任务时的平衡和肌肉活动的影响

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103652

Liying Zheng , Christopher Pan , Leonardo Wei , Hossein Bahreinizad , Suman Chowdhury , Xiaopeng Ning , Felipe Santos

Interest in utilizing exoskeletons to mitigate the risks of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among construction workers is growing, spurred by encouraging results in other industries. However, it is crucial to carefully examine their impact on workers' stability and balance before implementation. In this study, seven male participants lifted a 35-lb cinder block from a production table to a simulated wall at two heights—elbow and shoulder levels—using three different exoskeleton models on an unstable platform, where their balance and shoulder muscle activity were assessed. Balance-related parameters, included mean distance (MDIST), total excursion (EXCUR), and mean velocity (VEL) of the center of pressure, were derived from force plate data. Muscle activity in six shoulder and upper arm muscles was estimated using electromyography (EMG) data. The results indicated that wearing two of the exoskeletons significantly increased both total and medio-lateral (ML) MDIST compared to not wearing an exoskeleton. Wearing one of the exoskeletons significantly increased total and ML VEL and ML EXCUR. Although lifting level did not have a significant impact on the balance parameters, it did affect the muscle activity in most of the measured muscles. Moreover, only one exoskeleton significantly reduced the activity in a particular shoulder muscle compared to no exoskeleton use. In conclusion, the evaluated shoulder-assist exoskeletons showed limited benefits for preventing upper extremity MSDs and may negatively affect whole-body balance during a block-laying task on an unstable platform. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive evaluations of balance and effectiveness prior to adopting exoskeletons in construction.

在其他行业取得令人鼓舞的成果的推动下，建筑工人对利用外骨骼减轻肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）风险的兴趣与日俱增。然而，在实施之前，仔细研究外骨骼对工人稳定性和平衡性的影响至关重要。在这项研究中，七名男性参与者在不稳定平台上使用三种不同的外骨骼模型，在肘部和肩部两个高度将 35 磅重的煤渣块从生产台上举到模拟墙上，并对他们的平衡和肩部肌肉活动进行了评估。与平衡相关的参数包括平均距离（MDIST）、总偏移量（EXCUR）和压力中心的平均速度（VEL），均来自力板数据。使用肌电图（EMG）数据估算了六块肩部和上臂肌肉的活动。结果表明，与不穿戴外骨骼相比，穿戴其中两个外骨骼会明显增加MDIST的总量和内外侧（ML）。穿戴其中一个外骨骼可明显增加总VEL、ML VEL和ML EXCUR。虽然举重水平对平衡参数没有明显影响，但它确实影响了大部分测量肌肉的活动。此外，与不使用外骨骼相比，只有一种外骨骼明显降低了特定肩部肌肉的活动。总之，所评估的肩部辅助外骨骼在预防上肢 MSD 方面的益处有限，而且可能会对在不稳定平台上进行砌块铺设任务时的全身平衡产生负面影响。这些发现强调了在建筑业采用外骨骼之前对其平衡性和有效性进行全面评估的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing E-bike controls for human-bike interaction to enhance riding experience and efficiency 优化电动自行车控制，实现人车互动，提升骑行体验和效率

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103651

Sheng-Chieh Yang , Yun-Ju Lee

E-bikes are now used for sports, rehabilitation, and work, not just commuting. Riders adjust power assistance and transmission to handle different conditions and reach their desired physical load. This interaction between the rider, bike, and environment can become complex due to faster speeds, shorter response times, and varying conditions, potentially leading to discomfort. A study with 21 non-athletes explored how riders manage the physical load on e-bikes during a simulated indoor riding session with 66 stages of varying slope resistance. Participants controlled the e-bike to maintain a moderate intensity, and data on latency of e-bike control, number of controls, acceptable pedaling power, heart rate, and perceived exertion were collected. On average, riders made their control adjustment 5.3 s after a slope change and used 2.7 control attempts to reach an acceptable pedaling power. The study found that the most acceptable pedaling power were similar across different slopes, suggesting a consistent preferred load. Participants aimed to maintain stable pedaling power despite external disturbances, targeting a moderate exercise intensity (66.9% maximal heart rate and a rate of perceived exertion of 12.1). The findings indicate that it's possible to estimate a personal preferred load, which could inform future studies on maintaining this load and improving the e-bike riding experience in participatory ergonomics.

电动自行车现在不仅用于通勤，还用于运动、康复和工作。骑行者通过调节助力和传动装置来应对不同的条件，并达到所需的身体负荷。由于速度更快、响应时间更短以及条件各异，骑行者、自行车和环境之间的这种互动可能会变得复杂，从而可能导致不适。一项针对 21 名非运动员的研究探讨了在 66 个不同坡度阻力的模拟室内骑行过程中，骑行者如何管理电动自行车的物理负荷。参与者控制电动自行车以保持中等强度，并收集了有关电动自行车控制潜伏期、控制次数、可接受的踩踏功率、心率和感知消耗的数据。平均而言，骑行者在坡度变化后 5.3 秒进行控制调整，并使用 2.7 次控制尝试达到可接受的踩踏功率。研究发现，在不同的坡度上，最可接受的踩踏功率是相似的，这表明首选负荷是一致的。参与者的目标是在受到外部干扰的情况下保持稳定的踩踏功率，达到中等运动强度（最大心率为 66.9%，感知用力率为 12.1）。研究结果表明，可以估算出个人的首选负荷，这可以为今后在参与式人体工程学中保持这种负荷和改善电动自行车骑行体验的研究提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of mild hypoxia on pilots’ performance and physiological response: A systematic review and experimental study 轻度缺氧对飞行员表现和生理反应的影响：系统回顾和实验研究

IF 2.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103650

Boris Oniscenko , Vladimir Socha , Lenka Hanakova , Jakub Tlapak , Michal Matowicki

Mild hypoxia in aviation is a well-known phenomenon that affects flight safety, particularly in general aviation. Experimental research on its influence on performance and physiological response has been limited, often yielding contradictory results. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of mild hypoxia's effects on pilots' physiological responses and performance. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize existing knowledge and assess the consistency and generalizability of previous findings. Novel empirical data were then obtained through an experiment designed to focus on cardiac activity and performance under mild hypoxic conditions. Twelve male active military pilots participated in the experiment, which involved two simulated flights under controlled conditions. Unlike previous studies, which have varied significantly in methodology and outcomes, this study employed an approach to isolate the effects of mild hypoxia while simultaneously approximating real flight conditions by using a full flight simulator and a reduced oxygen breathing device. The experiment did not indicate significant performance degradation, while compensatory mechanisms in cardiac activity were observed, specifically in the form of increased heart rate and heart rate variability. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing a more consistent methodological framework and highlighting the physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia, serving as a foundation for further investigation into the relationship between mild hypoxia, pilot performance, and physiological response.

航空中的轻度缺氧是一种众所周知的影响飞行安全的现象，特别是在通用航空中。有关轻度缺氧对飞行表现和生理反应影响的实验研究十分有限，结果往往相互矛盾。本研究旨在加深理解轻度缺氧对飞行员生理反应和飞行表现的影响。研究人员对现有知识进行了系统综述，并评估了以往研究结果的一致性和可推广性。然后，通过一项实验获得了新的经验数据，该实验旨在关注轻度缺氧条件下的心脏活动和表现。12 名男性现役飞行员参加了实验，实验包括两次受控条件下的模拟飞行。以往的研究在方法和结果上存在很大差异，与此不同的是，本研究采用了一种方法来隔离轻度缺氧的影响，同时通过使用全飞行模拟器和减氧呼吸装置来接近真实的飞行条件。实验并未显示出明显的性能下降，同时观察到心脏活动的代偿机制，具体表现为心率和心率变异性的增加。这些研究结果为现有知识体系提供了更加一致的方法框架，并强调了对轻度缺氧的生理适应，为进一步研究轻度缺氧、飞行员表现和生理反应之间的关系奠定了基础。

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