Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201910/SP.0008
H. Kase, R. Yamazaki, Weiran Zhu, S. Nishio
Background/Purpose: Since being designated a super-aged society in 2007, Japan has faced a shortage of care givers working at nursing facilities. To address this problem, the government has been promoting research into robotics technology. However, social robots in current use have limited communicative ability. We examined the effectiveness of a tele-operated android robot in reminiscence group therapy (RGT) for persons with dementia (PWD), compared to RGT with a human coordinator. Method: Six PWD from a public facility for senior residents underwent RGT using a tele-operated android robot, Telenoid R3. Participants were divided into two groups: RGT with a human coordinator (condition 1), and RGT with the same coordinator, using Telenoid R3 (condition 2). After the first three sessions, the robot and the human coordinator were substituted in each group, and three more sessions were conducted. Linguistic data comprising the number of utterances, sentence-final particles, and N-gram was collected and analyzed. Results: Among participants, half (n = 3) showed a significantly higher average number of utterances and sentence-final particles in RGT with condition 1 (p ＜ .01, p ＜ .05, p ＜ .01), while one female participant showed a significantly higher number of sentence-final particles in RGT with the Telenoid R3 (p ＜ .05). There was no between-group difference in entropy of N-grams among subjects. Conclusion: These results suggest that RGT by tele-operated robot can promote communication in a way similar to that of human-facilitated RGT. We conclude that RGT using a tele-operated robot may increase communication opportunities for people who are unable to present to nursing facilities.
背景/目的:自2007年被指定为超老龄化社会以来，日本面临着在护理机构工作的护理人员短缺的问题。为了解决这个问题，政府一直在推动机器人技术的研究。然而，目前使用的社交机器人的交流能力有限。我们研究了远程操作的机器人在记忆团体治疗(RGT)中对痴呆症患者(PWD)的有效性，并与人类协调员的RGT进行了比较。方法:6名来自某公共养老机构的残疾人使用遥控机器人Telenoid R3进行RGT。参与者被分为两组:有人类协调器的RGT(条件1)和使用Telenoid R3的相同协调器的RGT(条件2)。在前三次会话后，每组替换机器人和人类协调器，然后再进行三次会话。语言数据包括话语数、句末粒子数和N-gram。结果:一半(n = 3)的参与者在条件1的RGT中平均话语数和句末粒子数显著增加(p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01)，而在条件3的RGT中有1名女性参与者的句末粒子数显著增加(p < 0.05)。被试间n-图熵无组间差异。结论:这些结果表明，遥控机器人的RGT可以促进交流，其方式类似于人工辅助的RGT。我们的结论是，使用远程操作机器人的RGT可能会增加无法前往护理机构的人的沟通机会。
{"title":"Tele-operated android robot reminiscence group therapy and human coordinated RGT for older adults with dementia: A comparative study","authors":"H. Kase, R. Yamazaki, Weiran Zhu, S. Nishio","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201910/SP.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201910/SP.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Since being designated a super-aged society in 2007, Japan has faced a shortage of care givers working at nursing facilities. To address this problem, the government has been promoting research into robotics technology. However, social robots in current use have limited communicative ability. We examined the effectiveness of a tele-operated android robot in reminiscence group therapy (RGT) for persons with dementia (PWD), compared to RGT with a human coordinator. Method: Six PWD from a public facility for senior residents underwent RGT using a tele-operated android robot, Telenoid R3. Participants were divided into two groups: RGT with a human coordinator (condition 1), and RGT with the same coordinator, using Telenoid R3 (condition 2). After the first three sessions, the robot and the human coordinator were substituted in each group, and three more sessions were conducted. Linguistic data comprising the number of utterances, sentence-final particles, and N-gram was collected and analyzed. Results: Among participants, half (n = 3) showed a significantly higher average number of utterances and sentence-final particles in RGT with condition 1 (p ＜ .01, p ＜ .05, p ＜ .01), while one female participant showed a significantly higher number of sentence-final particles in RGT with the Telenoid R3 (p ＜ .05). There was no between-group difference in entropy of N-grams among subjects. Conclusion: These results suggest that RGT by tele-operated robot can promote communication in a way similar to that of human-facilitated RGT. We conclude that RGT using a tele-operated robot may increase communication opportunities for people who are unable to present to nursing facilities.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84633545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201910/SP.0005
Min Jeong Kim, J. Kim, Sanghyun Lee, H. Kim, E. Cho
Background: Obesity has become a global health problem and causes serious complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethyl acetate fraction from Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (EFAY) on obesity in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: To examine the effect of EFAY on adipocyte differentiation, we conducted oil red O staining assay in mature adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with EFAY (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 4 days. On day 9 of differentiation, the number of lipid droplets was measured by oil red O. The underlying mechanisms of the action of EFAY against differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated using Western blot analysis. Results: In oil red O staining assay, differentiated adipocytes generated massive lipid droplets compared with preadipocytes. However, treatment with EFAY significantly reduced the generation of lipid droplets compared to EFAY non-treated adipocytes. Western blot analysis revealed that EFAY down-regulated adipogenesis-related protein expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and C/EBPβ. Furthermore, EFAY down-regulated levels of lipogenesis- related protein expressions such as fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. On the contrary, EFAY promoted lipolysis by activating phospho-hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase. Phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase were up-regulated by treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with EFAY, subsequently up-regulating GLUT4 levels, indicating that EFAY could regulate glucose uptake as well as lipid metabolism. Conclusions: EFAY reduced adipocyte differentiation by suppressing adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and provoking lipolysis and AMPK pathway. These results imply that EFAY could be employed as a natural agent to ameliorate obesity.
{"title":"Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells","authors":"Min Jeong Kim, J. Kim, Sanghyun Lee, H. Kim, E. Cho","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201910/SP.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201910/SP.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity has become a global health problem and causes serious complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethyl acetate fraction from Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (EFAY) on obesity in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: To examine the effect of EFAY on adipocyte differentiation, we conducted oil red O staining assay in mature adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with EFAY (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 4 days. On day 9 of differentiation, the number of lipid droplets was measured by oil red O. The underlying mechanisms of the action of EFAY against differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated using Western blot analysis. Results: In oil red O staining assay, differentiated adipocytes generated massive lipid droplets compared with preadipocytes. However, treatment with EFAY significantly reduced the generation of lipid droplets compared to EFAY non-treated adipocytes. Western blot analysis revealed that EFAY down-regulated adipogenesis-related protein expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and C/EBPβ. Furthermore, EFAY down-regulated levels of lipogenesis- related protein expressions such as fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. On the contrary, EFAY promoted lipolysis by activating phospho-hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase. Phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase were up-regulated by treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with EFAY, subsequently up-regulating GLUT4 levels, indicating that EFAY could regulate glucose uptake as well as lipid metabolism. Conclusions: EFAY reduced adipocyte differentiation by suppressing adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and provoking lipolysis and AMPK pathway. These results imply that EFAY could be employed as a natural agent to ameliorate obesity.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74195815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201912_13(4).0021
C. Huang, Chia Ming Chang, H. Tu
Among older adults, Alzheimer disease (AD) is a worldwide health problem that causes functional disorders in memory, cognition, learning, behavior, and attention. 3 Cholinergic neurons are deficient in patients with AD. Rivastigmine is a new-generation agent that compensates for the lack of acetylcholine secretion in AD. 5 The Food & Drug Administration approved the rivastigmine patch in July 2007. However, the adverse drug reactions that occur in less than 5% of cases clinically are less attractive. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate induced by cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) have rarely been described. We report a patient who exhibited cholinergic-associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and high blood pressure induced by the larger dose of rivastigmine patch.
{"title":"High blood pressure induced by the rivastigmine patch as an uncommon side effect","authors":"C. Huang, Chia Ming Chang, H. Tu","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201912_13(4).0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201912_13(4).0021","url":null,"abstract":"Among older adults, Alzheimer disease (AD) is a worldwide health problem that causes functional disorders in memory, cognition, learning, behavior, and attention. 3 Cholinergic neurons are deficient in patients with AD. Rivastigmine is a new-generation agent that compensates for the lack of acetylcholine secretion in AD. 5 The Food & Drug Administration approved the rivastigmine patch in July 2007. However, the adverse drug reactions that occur in less than 5% of cases clinically are less attractive. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate induced by cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) have rarely been described. We report a patient who exhibited cholinergic-associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and high blood pressure induced by the larger dose of rivastigmine patch.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"13 3 1","pages":"363-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76290853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201909_13(3).0005
D. Vanoh, S. Shahar, R. Razali, Z. Manaf, T. Hamid
Drastic population and social changes have led to the emergence of a new concept known as successful aging (SA), which upholds a positive vision of aging. Rowe and Khan established a SA framework, which comprised of higher cognitive functioning, no physical disabilities, lower likelihood of diseases, and a positive commitment to life, especially having excellent social interactions. Gender disparities in SA have been investigated in previous studies, which showed a higher prevalence of successful aging among men. Unlike successful aging and mild cognitive impairment, usual aging (UA) has no ‘gold standard’ definition and has not been as extensively studied. Vanoh et al. (2016) stated that usual agers are at higher risk of being diagnosed with chronic diseases, having minimal functional limitations, slight memory impairment and no dementia. In addition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia, and individuals with MCI have a higher likelihood of succumbing to dementia. Gender specific risk factors for MCI were investigated in a small-scale local study and it was found that MCI was highly prevalent among women. Risk factors for MCI among women were being married, not exercising, and being either overweight or obese. However, large scale studies in Malaysia are scarce to investigate the gender disparity in cognitive decline. Thus, this current study filled the gap in the previous literature by determining the impact of gender on the occurrence of MCI as compared to SA and UA. This study was part of a large scale study, the details of which were published earlier.
{"title":"Influence of gender disparity in predicting occurrence of successful aging, usual aging and mild cognitive impairment","authors":"D. Vanoh, S. Shahar, R. Razali, Z. Manaf, T. Hamid","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201909_13(3).0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201909_13(3).0005","url":null,"abstract":"Drastic population and social changes have led to the emergence of a new concept known as successful aging (SA), which upholds a positive vision of aging. Rowe and Khan established a SA framework, which comprised of higher cognitive functioning, no physical disabilities, lower likelihood of diseases, and a positive commitment to life, especially having excellent social interactions. Gender disparities in SA have been investigated in previous studies, which showed a higher prevalence of successful aging among men. Unlike successful aging and mild cognitive impairment, usual aging (UA) has no ‘gold standard’ definition and has not been as extensively studied. Vanoh et al. (2016) stated that usual agers are at higher risk of being diagnosed with chronic diseases, having minimal functional limitations, slight memory impairment and no dementia. In addition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia, and individuals with MCI have a higher likelihood of succumbing to dementia. Gender specific risk factors for MCI were investigated in a small-scale local study and it was found that MCI was highly prevalent among women. Risk factors for MCI among women were being married, not exercising, and being either overweight or obese. However, large scale studies in Malaysia are scarce to investigate the gender disparity in cognitive decline. Thus, this current study filled the gap in the previous literature by determining the impact of gender on the occurrence of MCI as compared to SA and UA. This study was part of a large scale study, the details of which were published earlier.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"4 1","pages":"207-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76065984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201906_13(2).0013
J. Y. Lin, H. Hsu, J. Wang, W. Ouyang
{"title":"Comparison of the Taiwanese versions of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) for screening mild cognitive impairment among older Taiwanese people","authors":"J. Y. Lin, H. Hsu, J. Wang, W. Ouyang","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201906_13(2).0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201906_13(2).0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"74 1","pages":"162-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86307559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201906_13(2).0014
Dong Keon Lee, Y. Oh, Young Hwan Lee, Seung Min Park
{"title":"Plasma cholinesterase activity and clinical course in geriatric organophosphate poisoning","authors":"Dong Keon Lee, Y. Oh, Young Hwan Lee, Seung Min Park","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201906_13(2).0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201906_13(2).0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89231251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.201909_13(3).0004
Ema Madyaningrum, Y. Chuang, Kun-Yang Chuang
Depression was the leading cause of disability in the world in 2015 according to the World Health organization (WHO). In 2015, the WHO estimated that 7% of elderly people suffered from depression. Demographic factors, such as being female, having a lower educational status, and having a low socioeconomic status were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Other health-related factors, such as low self-rated health, and a greater number of chronic conditions were also associated with depression. In terms of social factors, elderly people with lower community support, fewer social or religious activities were more likely to suffer from depression. Poor sleep quality was also found to be associated with depression and other mental disorders. 8 Indonesia, the 4 most populated country in the world, had 22 million elderly in 2015, an increase of 52.7% from year 2000. As the population ages, the government has placed more resources on elderly care, such as in improving elderly health insurance and welfare. While most research on elderly health was concerned with chronic conditions and functional ability, little information was available regarding elderly depression. Prior researcher have identified poverty status as factors associated with depression. More research and understanding concerning elderly depression in Indonesia and in other developing countries are needed.
{"title":"Prevalence and related factors of depression among the elderly in Indonesia","authors":"Ema Madyaningrum, Y. Chuang, Kun-Yang Chuang","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.201909_13(3).0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.201909_13(3).0004","url":null,"abstract":"Depression was the leading cause of disability in the world in 2015 according to the World Health organization (WHO). In 2015, the WHO estimated that 7% of elderly people suffered from depression. Demographic factors, such as being female, having a lower educational status, and having a low socioeconomic status were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Other health-related factors, such as low self-rated health, and a greater number of chronic conditions were also associated with depression. In terms of social factors, elderly people with lower community support, fewer social or religious activities were more likely to suffer from depression. Poor sleep quality was also found to be associated with depression and other mental disorders. 8 Indonesia, the 4 most populated country in the world, had 22 million elderly in 2015, an increase of 52.7% from year 2000. As the population ages, the government has placed more resources on elderly care, such as in improving elderly health insurance and welfare. While most research on elderly health was concerned with chronic conditions and functional ability, little information was available regarding elderly depression. Prior researcher have identified poverty status as factors associated with depression. More research and understanding concerning elderly depression in Indonesia and in other developing countries are needed.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"102 1","pages":"202-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88614585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30371-5
{"title":"Keyword Index (end of volume)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30371-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30371-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages VII-IX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30371-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79432160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30370-3
{"title":"Author Index (end of volume)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30370-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30370-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages III-VI"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1873-9598(18)30370-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79507361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.11.001
Chao-Liang Chou
{"title":"The usefulness of ankle brachial index (ABI) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in subclinical atherosclerosis","authors":"Chao-Liang Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijge.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijge.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Page 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijge.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86311607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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