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A Method to Reduce Route Discovery Cost of UAV Ad Hoc Network 一种降低无人机自组网路由发现成本的方法
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1578273
A. Waqas, M. J. U. Rehman, Hammad Dilpazir, M. Sohail, N. Subhani
The unmanned aerial vehicle communication networks (UAVCNs) are composed of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) connected in ad hoc mode to facilitate vertical communication in 5G and beyond networks. UAVs operating in an ad hoc mode of operation mostly use reactive routing protocols to establish routes in the network to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes. In this article, a route discovery method is presented to reduce the overhead faced by reactive routing protocols during the route discovery phase. The expanding ring search (ERS) method is mostly used by reactive routing protocols in the destination discovery phase of the routing algorithm. Although the performance of the ERS method is better than simple flooding, the presented method further reduces energy consumption and routing overhead as compared to the conventional ERS method. To achieve the task, the time to live (TTL) is modified to accommodate a large number of nodes in a search attempt. We proposed variants of the proposed techniques for diverse application requirements and compared the performance with the state-of-the-art ERS technique. It has been demonstrated with the help of simulations that the presented algorithm outperforms the ERS method in terms of reduced routing overhead and reduced energy consumption.
无人机通信网络(UAVCNs)由无人机(uav)组成,以自组织模式连接,以促进5G及以上网络的垂直通信。以自组织模式运行的无人机大多使用响应路由协议在网络中建立路由,以减少节点的能量消耗。本文提出了一种路由发现方法,以减少响应式路由协议在路由发现阶段所面临的开销。在路由算法的目的地发现阶段,响应式路由协议多采用扩展环搜索(ERS)方法。虽然ERS方法的性能优于简单的泛洪,但与传统的ERS方法相比,该方法进一步降低了能量消耗和路由开销。为了完成任务,需要修改生存时间(TTL),以适应搜索尝试中的大量节点。针对不同的应用需求,我们提出了所提出技术的变体,并将其性能与最先进的ERS技术进行了比较。仿真结果表明,该算法在减少路由开销和降低能耗方面优于ERS方法。
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引用次数: 0
Energy-Constrained Target Localization Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network 基于径向基函数神经网络的无线传感器网络能量约束目标定位方案
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1426430
V. Krishnamoorthy, Usha Nandini Duraisamy, Amruta S. Jondhale, Jaime Lloret, Balaji Venkatesalu Ramasamy
The indoor object tracking by utilizing received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements with the help of wireless sensor network (WSN) is an interesting and important topic in the domain of location-based applications. Without the knowledge of location, the measurements obtained with WSN are of no use. The trilateration is a widely used technique to get location updates of target based on RSSI measurements from WSN. However, it suffers with high location estimation errors arising due to random variations in RSSI measurements. This paper presents a range-free radial basis function neural network (RBFN) and Kalman filtering- (KF-) based algorithm named RBFN+KF. The performance of the RBFN+KF algorithm is evaluated using simulated RSSIs and is compared against trilateration, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and RBFN-based estimations. The simulation results reveal that the proposed RBFN+KF algorithm shows very low location estimation errors compared to the rest of the three approaches. Additionally, it is also seen that RBFN-based approach is more energy efficient than trilateration and MLP-based localization approaches.
在无线传感器网络(WSN)的帮助下,利用接收信号强度指标(RSSI)测量来跟踪室内物体是基于位置的应用领域中一个有趣而重要的话题。在不知道位置的情况下,使用WSN获得的测量是没有用的。三边测量是一种广泛使用的基于WSN的RSSI测量来获得目标位置更新的技术。然而,它遭受由于RSSI测量中的随机变化而产生的高位置估计误差。本文提出了一种基于无距离径向基函数神经网络和卡尔曼滤波的算法RBFN+KF。使用模拟RSSI评估RBFN+KF算法的性能,并与三边测量、多层感知器(MLP)和基于RBFN的估计进行比较。仿真结果表明,与其他三种方法相比,所提出的RBFN+KF算法显示出非常低的位置估计误差。此外,还可以看出,基于RBFN的方法比基于三边测量和MLP的定位方法更节能。
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引用次数: 1
A 3D Offline Packing Algorithm considering Cargo Orientation and Stability 一种考虑货物定向和稳定性的三维离线装箱算法
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5299891
Xianpei Wang, L. Gong, Haocheng Zhao, Bowen Li, Meng Tian
The box packing problem can be generalized as placing a batch of cargos with a specified number of different physical characteristics into a specified box. Suppose that a batch of cuboid cargos of different sizes are to be loaded into a batch of boxes of the same type, the cargos have constraints such as orientation and stability. Taking the mean value of the reciprocal of space utilization as the objective function, this paper designs a hybrid genetic algorithm that combines genetic algorithm and tabu search algorithm. Aiming at the information of the packing sequence and the rotating state of the box in the packing scheme, a two-stage real number encoding method and decoding method based on random keys are designed, and a crossover operation based on partial random keys and uniform crossover is designed. In order to convert the solution searched by the optimization algorithm into the actual packing scheme, a heuristic loading algorithm is designed while using the positioning rule of the lower left corner, the space selection rule of the minimum space, and the division and merging rules of the remaining space. In the early stage, the roulette method was used to strengthen the global search ability, and in the later stage, the optimal preservation strategy was used to speed up the algorithm convergence. To make up for the shortcomings of the genetic algorithm’s weak local search ability and slow convergence speed, the tabu search algorithm was used as a mutation operation in the genetic algorithm. The solution in the generation is used as the initial solution of the tabu search algorithm, and the search process is carried out. Finally, this paper tests the proposed hybrid algorithm on 6 groups of weakly heterogeneous and strongly heterogeneous data in the BR dataset. The results prove that the proposed algorithm can reduce the usage of boxes.
箱子包装问题可以概括为将一批具有指定数量不同物理特性的货物放入指定的箱子中。假设将一批不同尺寸的长方体货物装载到一批相同类型的箱子中,货物具有定向和稳定性等约束。以空间利用率倒数的均值为目标函数,设计了一种将遗传算法与禁忌搜索算法相结合的混合遗传算法。针对包装方案中包装序列的信息和盒子的旋转状态,设计了一种基于随机密钥的两阶段实数编码和解码方法,并设计了基于部分随机密钥和均匀交叉的交叉运算。为了将优化算法搜索到的解转化为实际的装箱方案,利用左下角的定位规则、最小空间的空间选择规则以及剩余空间的划分和合并规则,设计了一种启发式装载算法。前期采用轮盘赌方法增强全局搜索能力,后期采用最优保存策略加快算法收敛速度。为了弥补遗传算法局部搜索能力弱、收敛速度慢的缺点,在遗传算法中采用禁忌搜索算法作为变异运算。生成中的解被用作禁忌搜索算法的初始解,并执行搜索过程。最后,本文在BR数据集中的6组弱异构和强异构数据上测试了所提出的混合算法。结果证明,该算法可以减少盒子的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Population Intelligence Algorithm and BP Neural Network for Network Security Posture Prediction 基于改进群体智能算法和BP神经网络的网络安全态势预测
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9970205
Yueying Li, Feng Wu
To address the problems of low prediction accuracy and slow convergence of the network security posture prediction model, a population intelligence optimization algorithm is proposed to improve the network security posture prediction model of the BP neural network. First, the adaptive adjustment of the two parameters with the increase of iterations is achieved by improving the inertia weights and learning factors in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm so that the PSO has a large search range and high speed at the initial stage and a strong and stable convergence capability at the later stage. Secondly, to address the problem that PSO is prone to fall into a local optimum, the genetic operator is embedded into the operation process of the particle swarm algorithm, and the excellent global optimization performance of the genetic algorithm is used to open up the spatial vision of the particle population, revive the stagnant particles, accelerate the update amplitude of the algorithm, and achieve the purpose of improving the premature problem. Finally, the improved algorithm is combined with the BP neural network to optimize the BP neural network and applied to the network security posture assessment. The experimental comparison of different optimization algorithms is applied, and the results show that the network security posture prediction method of this model has the smallest error, the highest accuracy, and the fastest convergence, and can effectively predict future changes in network security posture.
针对网络安全态势预测模型预测精度低、收敛慢的问题,提出了一种群体智能优化算法来改进BP神经网络的网络安全态势预报模型。首先,通过改进粒子群优化算法中的惯性权重和学习因子,实现了两个参数随着迭代次数的增加而自适应调整,使粒子群优化在初始阶段具有较大的搜索范围和较高的速度,在后期具有较强且稳定的收敛能力。其次,为了解决粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的问题,在粒子群算法的运算过程中嵌入了遗传算子,利用遗传算法优异的全局优化性能,打开了粒子群的空间视野,复活了停滞的粒子,加快了算法的更新幅度,并达到改善早熟问题的目的。最后,将改进后的算法与BP神经网络相结合,对BP神经网络进行优化,并将其应用于网络安全态势评估。应用不同优化算法进行实验比较,结果表明,该模型的网络安全态势预测方法误差最小、精度最高、收敛最快,能够有效预测未来网络安全态势的变化。
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引用次数: 1
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Energy Optimization-Based Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things-Survey 分布式传感器网络无线传感器网络和物联网中基于能量优化的聚类协议综述
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1362417
Vijayendra K. H. Prasad, S. Periyasamy
Research on popular themes today is mainly concentrated on cutting-edge home applications made up of Internet of Things gadgets. As its principal means of sensing, wireless sensor networks are a component of the Internet of Things. Tracking and monitoring applications benefit from the use of sensor nodes. Every step in the data collection, processing, and transmission processes carried out by wireless sensor nodes takes energy. Small capacity batteries on the sensor nodes in the networks make charging them frequently impractical. Energy optimization is required for sensor nodes since there is no other option but to replace the nodes. Clustering is a well-known and effective solution to increase the energy efficiency of the sensor nodes among the various routing techniques. The closest route between the cluster head node and the base station is thus determined using routing techniques in order to manage energy.
对当今流行主题的研究主要集中在由物联网小工具组成的尖端家庭应用上。作为其主要的传感手段,无线传感器网络是物联网的一个组成部分。跟踪和监控应用程序受益于传感器节点的使用。无线传感器节点执行的数据收集、处理和传输过程中的每一步都需要能量。网络中传感器节点上的小容量电池使得给它们充电常常不切实际。传感器节点需要能量优化,因为除了替换节点之外没有其他选择。在各种路由技术中,聚类是提高传感器节点能量效率的一种众所周知的有效解决方案。因此,使用路由技术来确定簇头节点和基站之间的最近路由,以便管理能量。
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引用次数: 1
Underwater Incomplete Target Recognition Network via Generating Feature Module 基于生成特征模块的水下不完全目标识别网络
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5337454
Qi Shen, Jishen Jia, Lei Cai
A complex and changeable underwater archaeological environment leads to the lack of target features in the collected images, affecting the accuracy of target detection. Meanwhile, the difficulty in obtaining underwater archaeological images leads to less training data, resulting in poor generalization performance of the recognition algorithm. For these practical issues, we propose an underwater incomplete target recognition network via generating feature module (UITRNet). Specifically, for targets that lack features, features are generated by dual discriminators and generators to improve target detection accuracy. Then, multilayer features are fused to extract regions of interest. Finally, supervised contrastive learning is introduced into few-shot learning to improve the intraclass similarity and interclass distance of the target and enhance the generalization of the algorithm. The UIFI dataset is produced to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper. The experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of our algorithm was improved by 0.86% and 1.29% under insufficient light and semiburied interference, respectively. The mAP for ship identification reached the highest level under all four sets of experiments.
复杂多变的水下考古环境导致采集到的图像缺乏目标特征,影响了目标检测的准确性。同时,水下考古图像的获取困难导致训练数据较少,导致识别算法的泛化性能较差。针对这些实际问题,我们提出了一种基于生成特征模块的水下不完全目标识别网络。具体来说,对于缺乏特征的目标,通过双鉴别器和生成器生成特征,以提高目标检测精度。然后,对多层特征进行融合以提取感兴趣的区域。最后,将监督对比学习引入到少镜头学习中,以提高目标的类内相似性和类间距离,增强算法的泛化能力。生成UIFI数据集以验证本文算法的有效性。实验结果表明,在弱光和半隐式干涉下,算法的平均精度分别提高了0.86%和1.29%。用于船舶识别的mAP在所有四组实验中都达到了最高水平。
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引用次数: 0
New timestamp mark–based energy efficient time synchronization method for wireless sensor networks 一种基于时间戳标记的无线传感器网络节能时间同步方法
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221135516
Yourui Huang, Gang Zhang, Min Kong, Fugui He
Aimed at the demands of wireless sensor networks for high energy-efficient time synchronization, the reduction of synchronization energy consumption is studied from the aspects of both accurate timestamps marking and synchronous information transmission mechanism. First, the network is divided into several parent–child groups periodically. The group-wise pair selection algorithm is used to select the network’s pairwise synchronization nodes, and chain-type network topology is thus generated. Second, the sequential multi-hop synchronization algorithm is introduced to realize the synchronization information exchange among pairwise synchronization nodes. The overhearing synchronization (OS) nodes obtain the synchronization information packet based on a one-way overhearing mechanism. Moreover, the accurate acquisition of the synchronization ack packet’s timestamp is carried out through the use of receiving-time-plus-fixed-delay mode. Third, the joint maximum likelihood method and the minimum variance unbiased estimation method are used to estimate the clock offsets of pairwise synchronization nodes and overhearing nodes to the parent nodes, respectively, based on which the child nodes adjust their local virtual clocks. Periodically, the pairwise synchronization nodes initiate the network’s time synchronization, estimate, and broadcast the relative offset to the gateway node, assisting the upper layer child nodes in synchronizing to the gateway node. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only achieves the millisecond level synchronization accuracy but also reduces the synchronization energy consumption and thus improves the network lifetime.
针对无线传感器网络对高能效时间同步的需求,从精确的时间戳标记和同步信息传输机制两个方面研究了降低同步能耗的方法。首先,网络被周期性地划分为几个父子组。利用分组对选择算法来选择网络的成对同步节点,从而生成链式网络拓扑。其次,引入了顺序多跳同步算法,实现了成对同步节点之间的同步信息交换。监听同步(OS)节点基于单向监听机制获得同步信息包。此外,通过使用接收时间加固定延迟模式来准确获取同步ack包的时间戳。第三,使用联合最大似然方法和最小方差无偏估计方法分别估计成对同步节点和侦听节点到父节点的时钟偏移,子节点基于该偏移调整其本地虚拟时钟。成对同步节点周期性地启动网络的时间同步,估计并向网关节点广播相对偏移,帮助上层子节点同步到网关节点。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅达到了毫秒级的同步精度,而且降低了同步能耗,提高了网络寿命。
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引用次数: 0
A flexible continuous-wave quantum cryptography scheme with zero-trust security for Internet of Things 一种灵活的物联网零信任安全连续波量子加密方案
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221136978
Yong Shen, Xiaokang Tang, X. Zhang, Yong-zhuang Zhou, H. Zou
As quantum computing techniques develop rapidly, the security of classical communication, which is usually based on public key encryption algorithm, is under great threat. Therefore, a key establishment method with physics base is demanding, especially for Internet of Things devices, where energy and computational power is quite limited. In this article, we present a flexible continuous-wave quantum cryptography scheme for Internet of Things systems. In this configuration, the IoT controller contains a narrow linewidth laser as a real local oscillator. Thus, it is capable of working as either a host or a client in quantum key distribution with remote servers, and efficiently generating quantum random numbers for quantum key distribution, as well as one time pad communication with deployed sensors. The security of the scheme is analyzed under the assumption of collective attacks in the asymptotic regime, and feasibility is theoretically verified with typical channel and commercial device parameters.
随着量子计算技术的快速发展,通常基于公钥加密算法的经典通信的安全性受到了极大的威胁。因此,需要一种具有物理基础的关键建立方法,尤其是对于能量和计算能力非常有限的物联网设备。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于物联网系统的灵活连续波量子密码方案。在这种配置中,物联网控制器包含一个窄线宽激光器作为真正的本地振荡器。因此,它能够在与远程服务器的量子密钥分发中作为主机或客户端工作,并有效地为量子密钥分发生成量子随机数,以及与部署的传感器进行一次性通信。在渐近状态下,在集体攻击的假设下,分析了该方案的安全性,并用典型的信道和商用设备参数从理论上验证了该算法的可行性。
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引用次数: 3
Teletraffic analysis of a mobile crowdsensing system: The pedestrian-to-vehicle scenario 移动人群传感系统的远程交通分析:行人到车辆的场景
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221133291
David Miguel-Santiago, M. E. Rivero-Angeles, L. Garay-Jimenéz, I. Orea-Flores, B. Tovar-Corona
Crowdsensing systems are developed in order to use the computational and communication capabilities of registered users to monitor specific variables and phenomena in an opportunistic manner. As such, the Quality of Experience is not easily attained since these systems heavily rely on the user’s behavior and willingness to cooperate whenever an event with certain interest needs to be monitored. In this work, we analyze the data acquisition phase, where pedestrians opportunistically transmit to vehicles to further disseminate it in the city according to their trajectory. This highly dynamic environment (sensors and data sinks are mobile, and the number of users varies according to the region and time) poses many challenges for properly operating a crowdsensing system. We first study the statistical properties of vehicular traffic in different regions of Luxembourg City where pedestrians share their computational resources and send data to passing cars. Then we propose an Erlang distribution to model the vehicles’ dwelling times and develop a Markov chain accordingly. We model the system using two different queues: we use a single server queue to model the vehicle traffic, while we use an infinite server queue system to model the pedestrian traffic.
开发人群感应系统是为了利用注册用户的计算和通信能力,以机会主义的方式监测特定的变量和现象。因此,不容易获得体验质量,因为这些系统在很大程度上依赖于用户的行为和在需要监控具有特定兴趣的事件时进行合作的意愿。在这项工作中,我们分析了数据采集阶段,在该阶段,行人机会主义地将数据传输给车辆,以根据他们的轨迹在城市中进一步传播。这种高度动态的环境(传感器和数据汇是移动的,用户数量根据地区和时间而变化)对正确操作众筹系统提出了许多挑战。我们首先研究了卢森堡市不同地区车辆交通的统计特性,在这些地区,行人共享他们的计算资源,并将数据发送给过往的汽车。然后,我们提出了一个Erlang分布来对车辆的停留时间进行建模,并相应地发展了一个马尔可夫链。我们使用两个不同的队列对系统进行建模:我们使用单个服务器队列对车辆交通进行建模,而我们使用无限服务器队列系统对行人交通进行建模。
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引用次数: 0
An online intelligent electronic medical record system via speech recognition 一种基于语音识别的在线智能电子病历系统
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221134479
Xin Xia, Yunlong Ma, Ye Luo, Jianwei Lu
Traditional electronic medical record systems in hospitals rely on healthcare workers to manually enter patient information, resulting in healthcare workers having to spend a significant amount of time each day filling out electronic medical records. This inefficient interaction seriously affects the communication between doctors and patients and reduces the speed at which doctors can diagnose patients’ conditions. The rapid development of deep learning–based speech recognition technology promises to improve this situation. In this work, we build an online electronic medical record system based on speech interaction. The system integrates a medical linguistic knowledge base, a specialized language model, a personalized acoustic model, and a fault-tolerance mechanism. Hence, we propose and develop an advanced electronic medical record system approach with multi-accent adaptive technology for avoiding the mistakes caused by accents, and it improves the accuracy of speech recognition obviously. For testing the proposed speech recognition electronic medical record system, we construct medical speech recognition data sets using audio and electronic medical records from real medical environments. On the data sets from real clinical scenarios, our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms other machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, compared to traditional electronic medical record systems that rely on keyboard inputs, our system is much more efficient, and its accuracy rate increases with the increasing online time of the proposed system. Our results show that the proposed electronic medical record system is expected to revolutionize the traditional working approach of clinical departments, and it serves more efficient in clinics with low time consumption compared with traditional electronic medical record systems depending on keyboard inputs, which has less recording mistakes and lows down the time consumption in modification of medical recordings; due to the proposed speech recognition electronic medical record system is built on knowledge database of medical terms, so it has a good generalized application and adaption in the clinical scenarios for hospitals.
医院中的传统电子病历系统依赖医护人员手动输入患者信息,导致医护人员每天必须花费大量时间填写电子病历。这种低效的互动严重影响了医生和患者之间的沟通,降低了医生诊断患者病情的速度。基于深度学习的语音识别技术的快速发展有望改善这种情况。在这项工作中,我们建立了一个基于语音交互的在线电子病历系统。该系统集成了医学语言学知识库、专业语言模型、个性化声学模型和容错机制。因此,我们提出并开发了一种先进的电子病历系统方法,该方法采用多重音自适应技术来避免由重音引起的错误,并显著提高了语音识别的准确性。为了测试所提出的语音识别电子病历系统,我们使用真实医疗环境中的音频和电子病历构建了医疗语音识别数据集。在真实临床场景的数据集上,我们提出的算法显著优于其他机器学习算法。此外,与依赖键盘输入的传统电子病历系统相比,我们的系统效率高得多,并且其准确率随着所提出系统的在线时间的增加而增加。我们的研究结果表明,所提出的电子病历系统有望彻底改变临床部门的传统工作方法,与依赖键盘输入的传统电子病历系统相比,它在低时间消耗的诊所中更高效,其具有较少的记录错误并且降低了修改医疗记录的时间消耗;由于所提出的语音识别电子病历系统是建立在医学术语知识库上的,因此在医院的临床场景中具有良好的通用性和适应性。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
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