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Underwater Incomplete Target Recognition Network via Generating Feature Module 基于生成特征模块的水下不完全目标识别网络
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5337454
Qi Shen, Jishen Jia, Lei Cai
A complex and changeable underwater archaeological environment leads to the lack of target features in the collected images, affecting the accuracy of target detection. Meanwhile, the difficulty in obtaining underwater archaeological images leads to less training data, resulting in poor generalization performance of the recognition algorithm. For these practical issues, we propose an underwater incomplete target recognition network via generating feature module (UITRNet). Specifically, for targets that lack features, features are generated by dual discriminators and generators to improve target detection accuracy. Then, multilayer features are fused to extract regions of interest. Finally, supervised contrastive learning is introduced into few-shot learning to improve the intraclass similarity and interclass distance of the target and enhance the generalization of the algorithm. The UIFI dataset is produced to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper. The experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of our algorithm was improved by 0.86% and 1.29% under insufficient light and semiburied interference, respectively. The mAP for ship identification reached the highest level under all four sets of experiments.
复杂多变的水下考古环境导致采集到的图像缺乏目标特征,影响了目标检测的准确性。同时,水下考古图像的获取困难导致训练数据较少,导致识别算法的泛化性能较差。针对这些实际问题,我们提出了一种基于生成特征模块的水下不完全目标识别网络。具体来说,对于缺乏特征的目标,通过双鉴别器和生成器生成特征,以提高目标检测精度。然后,对多层特征进行融合以提取感兴趣的区域。最后,将监督对比学习引入到少镜头学习中,以提高目标的类内相似性和类间距离,增强算法的泛化能力。生成UIFI数据集以验证本文算法的有效性。实验结果表明,在弱光和半隐式干涉下,算法的平均精度分别提高了0.86%和1.29%。用于船舶识别的mAP在所有四组实验中都达到了最高水平。
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引用次数: 0
New timestamp mark–based energy efficient time synchronization method for wireless sensor networks 一种基于时间戳标记的无线传感器网络节能时间同步方法
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221135516
Yourui Huang, Gang Zhang, Min Kong, Fugui He
Aimed at the demands of wireless sensor networks for high energy-efficient time synchronization, the reduction of synchronization energy consumption is studied from the aspects of both accurate timestamps marking and synchronous information transmission mechanism. First, the network is divided into several parent–child groups periodically. The group-wise pair selection algorithm is used to select the network’s pairwise synchronization nodes, and chain-type network topology is thus generated. Second, the sequential multi-hop synchronization algorithm is introduced to realize the synchronization information exchange among pairwise synchronization nodes. The overhearing synchronization (OS) nodes obtain the synchronization information packet based on a one-way overhearing mechanism. Moreover, the accurate acquisition of the synchronization ack packet’s timestamp is carried out through the use of receiving-time-plus-fixed-delay mode. Third, the joint maximum likelihood method and the minimum variance unbiased estimation method are used to estimate the clock offsets of pairwise synchronization nodes and overhearing nodes to the parent nodes, respectively, based on which the child nodes adjust their local virtual clocks. Periodically, the pairwise synchronization nodes initiate the network’s time synchronization, estimate, and broadcast the relative offset to the gateway node, assisting the upper layer child nodes in synchronizing to the gateway node. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only achieves the millisecond level synchronization accuracy but also reduces the synchronization energy consumption and thus improves the network lifetime.
针对无线传感器网络对高能效时间同步的需求,从精确的时间戳标记和同步信息传输机制两个方面研究了降低同步能耗的方法。首先,网络被周期性地划分为几个父子组。利用分组对选择算法来选择网络的成对同步节点,从而生成链式网络拓扑。其次,引入了顺序多跳同步算法,实现了成对同步节点之间的同步信息交换。监听同步(OS)节点基于单向监听机制获得同步信息包。此外,通过使用接收时间加固定延迟模式来准确获取同步ack包的时间戳。第三,使用联合最大似然方法和最小方差无偏估计方法分别估计成对同步节点和侦听节点到父节点的时钟偏移,子节点基于该偏移调整其本地虚拟时钟。成对同步节点周期性地启动网络的时间同步,估计并向网关节点广播相对偏移,帮助上层子节点同步到网关节点。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅达到了毫秒级的同步精度,而且降低了同步能耗,提高了网络寿命。
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引用次数: 0
A flexible continuous-wave quantum cryptography scheme with zero-trust security for Internet of Things 一种灵活的物联网零信任安全连续波量子加密方案
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221136978
Yong Shen, Xiaokang Tang, X. Zhang, Yong-zhuang Zhou, H. Zou
As quantum computing techniques develop rapidly, the security of classical communication, which is usually based on public key encryption algorithm, is under great threat. Therefore, a key establishment method with physics base is demanding, especially for Internet of Things devices, where energy and computational power is quite limited. In this article, we present a flexible continuous-wave quantum cryptography scheme for Internet of Things systems. In this configuration, the IoT controller contains a narrow linewidth laser as a real local oscillator. Thus, it is capable of working as either a host or a client in quantum key distribution with remote servers, and efficiently generating quantum random numbers for quantum key distribution, as well as one time pad communication with deployed sensors. The security of the scheme is analyzed under the assumption of collective attacks in the asymptotic regime, and feasibility is theoretically verified with typical channel and commercial device parameters.
随着量子计算技术的快速发展,通常基于公钥加密算法的经典通信的安全性受到了极大的威胁。因此,需要一种具有物理基础的关键建立方法,尤其是对于能量和计算能力非常有限的物联网设备。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于物联网系统的灵活连续波量子密码方案。在这种配置中,物联网控制器包含一个窄线宽激光器作为真正的本地振荡器。因此,它能够在与远程服务器的量子密钥分发中作为主机或客户端工作,并有效地为量子密钥分发生成量子随机数,以及与部署的传感器进行一次性通信。在渐近状态下,在集体攻击的假设下,分析了该方案的安全性,并用典型的信道和商用设备参数从理论上验证了该算法的可行性。
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引用次数: 3
Teletraffic analysis of a mobile crowdsensing system: The pedestrian-to-vehicle scenario 移动人群传感系统的远程交通分析:行人到车辆的场景
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221133291
David Miguel-Santiago, M. E. Rivero-Angeles, L. Garay-Jimenéz, I. Orea-Flores, B. Tovar-Corona
Crowdsensing systems are developed in order to use the computational and communication capabilities of registered users to monitor specific variables and phenomena in an opportunistic manner. As such, the Quality of Experience is not easily attained since these systems heavily rely on the user’s behavior and willingness to cooperate whenever an event with certain interest needs to be monitored. In this work, we analyze the data acquisition phase, where pedestrians opportunistically transmit to vehicles to further disseminate it in the city according to their trajectory. This highly dynamic environment (sensors and data sinks are mobile, and the number of users varies according to the region and time) poses many challenges for properly operating a crowdsensing system. We first study the statistical properties of vehicular traffic in different regions of Luxembourg City where pedestrians share their computational resources and send data to passing cars. Then we propose an Erlang distribution to model the vehicles’ dwelling times and develop a Markov chain accordingly. We model the system using two different queues: we use a single server queue to model the vehicle traffic, while we use an infinite server queue system to model the pedestrian traffic.
开发人群感应系统是为了利用注册用户的计算和通信能力,以机会主义的方式监测特定的变量和现象。因此,不容易获得体验质量,因为这些系统在很大程度上依赖于用户的行为和在需要监控具有特定兴趣的事件时进行合作的意愿。在这项工作中,我们分析了数据采集阶段,在该阶段,行人机会主义地将数据传输给车辆,以根据他们的轨迹在城市中进一步传播。这种高度动态的环境(传感器和数据汇是移动的,用户数量根据地区和时间而变化)对正确操作众筹系统提出了许多挑战。我们首先研究了卢森堡市不同地区车辆交通的统计特性,在这些地区,行人共享他们的计算资源,并将数据发送给过往的汽车。然后,我们提出了一个Erlang分布来对车辆的停留时间进行建模,并相应地发展了一个马尔可夫链。我们使用两个不同的队列对系统进行建模:我们使用单个服务器队列对车辆交通进行建模,而我们使用无限服务器队列系统对行人交通进行建模。
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引用次数: 0
An online intelligent electronic medical record system via speech recognition 一种基于语音识别的在线智能电子病历系统
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221134479
Xin Xia, Yunlong Ma, Ye Luo, Jianwei Lu
Traditional electronic medical record systems in hospitals rely on healthcare workers to manually enter patient information, resulting in healthcare workers having to spend a significant amount of time each day filling out electronic medical records. This inefficient interaction seriously affects the communication between doctors and patients and reduces the speed at which doctors can diagnose patients’ conditions. The rapid development of deep learning–based speech recognition technology promises to improve this situation. In this work, we build an online electronic medical record system based on speech interaction. The system integrates a medical linguistic knowledge base, a specialized language model, a personalized acoustic model, and a fault-tolerance mechanism. Hence, we propose and develop an advanced electronic medical record system approach with multi-accent adaptive technology for avoiding the mistakes caused by accents, and it improves the accuracy of speech recognition obviously. For testing the proposed speech recognition electronic medical record system, we construct medical speech recognition data sets using audio and electronic medical records from real medical environments. On the data sets from real clinical scenarios, our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms other machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, compared to traditional electronic medical record systems that rely on keyboard inputs, our system is much more efficient, and its accuracy rate increases with the increasing online time of the proposed system. Our results show that the proposed electronic medical record system is expected to revolutionize the traditional working approach of clinical departments, and it serves more efficient in clinics with low time consumption compared with traditional electronic medical record systems depending on keyboard inputs, which has less recording mistakes and lows down the time consumption in modification of medical recordings; due to the proposed speech recognition electronic medical record system is built on knowledge database of medical terms, so it has a good generalized application and adaption in the clinical scenarios for hospitals.
医院中的传统电子病历系统依赖医护人员手动输入患者信息,导致医护人员每天必须花费大量时间填写电子病历。这种低效的互动严重影响了医生和患者之间的沟通,降低了医生诊断患者病情的速度。基于深度学习的语音识别技术的快速发展有望改善这种情况。在这项工作中,我们建立了一个基于语音交互的在线电子病历系统。该系统集成了医学语言学知识库、专业语言模型、个性化声学模型和容错机制。因此,我们提出并开发了一种先进的电子病历系统方法,该方法采用多重音自适应技术来避免由重音引起的错误,并显著提高了语音识别的准确性。为了测试所提出的语音识别电子病历系统,我们使用真实医疗环境中的音频和电子病历构建了医疗语音识别数据集。在真实临床场景的数据集上,我们提出的算法显著优于其他机器学习算法。此外,与依赖键盘输入的传统电子病历系统相比,我们的系统效率高得多,并且其准确率随着所提出系统的在线时间的增加而增加。我们的研究结果表明,所提出的电子病历系统有望彻底改变临床部门的传统工作方法,与依赖键盘输入的传统电子病历系统相比,它在低时间消耗的诊所中更高效,其具有较少的记录错误并且降低了修改医疗记录的时间消耗;由于所提出的语音识别电子病历系统是建立在医学术语知识库上的,因此在医院的临床场景中具有良好的通用性和适应性。
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引用次数: 1
Evolutionary modeling and robustness analysis of multi-domain cooperative communication network under the environment of Internet of things 物联网环境下多域协同通信网络的演化建模与鲁棒性分析
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221135160
Jianrong Wang, P. Zhang, Wei Bai, Guoyuan Yang, Yunyun Yang
In the future, the Internet of things will reduce the cell radius and increase the number of low-power nodes to support thousands of times of traffic growth under 5G. As a virtual multiple input multiple output technology, cooperative communication technology can solve these problems effectively. According to the evolution characteristics of cooperative communication networks, a multi-domain cooperative communication network evolution model with preferential attachment and random attachment is constructed in this article. And then, the network properties and robustness are analyzed using the mean-field method and different attacks. Aiming at the resource constraints and resource allocation problems of communication nodes, a relay selection strategy based on the combination of maximum degree and minimum clustering coefficient is proposed. The simulation results show that the relay node selection strategy based on the combination of maximum degree and minimum clustering coefficient has significant advantages in selection steps and selection time, which greatly enhanced the performance of relay selection in multi-domain cooperative communication networks. Through real-time monitoring and updating of the performance and security indicators of the multi-domain cooperative communication networks, it provides a strong guarantee for the node deployment and security management of the Internet of things cooperative communication system.
未来,物联网将缩小小区半径,增加低功耗节点数量,以支持5G下数千倍的流量增长。协同通信技术作为一种虚拟多输入多输出技术,可以有效地解决这些问题。根据合作通信网络的演化特点,构建了一个具有优先附着和随机附着的多域合作通信网络演化模型。然后,使用平均场方法和不同的攻击对网络的性能和鲁棒性进行了分析。针对通信节点的资源约束和资源分配问题,提出了一种基于最大度和最小聚类系数相结合的中继选择策略。仿真结果表明,基于最大度和最小聚类系数相结合的中继节点选择策略在选择步骤和选择时间上具有显著优势,大大提高了多域协作通信网络中中继节点的选择性能。通过对多域协同通信网络性能和安全指标的实时监测和更新,为物联网协同通信系统的节点部署和安全管理提供了有力保障。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-domain entity identity association analysis and prediction based on representation learning 基于表示学习的跨领域实体身份关联分析与预测
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221135060
Mingcheng Gao, Ruiheng Wang, Lu Wang, Yang Xin, Hongliang Zhu
Cross-domain identity association of network entities is a significant research challenge and a vital issue of practical value in relationship discovery and service recommendation between things in the Internet of things, cyberspace resources surveying mapping, threat tracking, and intelligent recommendation. This task usually adds additional difficulty to the research in practical applications due to the need to link across multiple platforms. The existing entity identity association methods in cross-domain networks mainly use the attribute information, generated content, and network structure information of network user entities but do not fully use the inherent strong positioning characteristics of active nodes in the network. In this article, we analyzed the structural characteristics of existing relational networks. We found that the hub node has the role of identity association positioning, and the importance of identity association reflected by different nodes is different. Moreover, we creatively designed a network representation learning method. We proposed a supervised learning identity association model combined with a representation learning method. Experiments on the public data set show that using the identity association method proposed in this article, the ranking accuracy of user entity association similarity is about 30% and 25% higher than the existing two typical methods.
网络实体的跨域身份关联是物联网中物间关系发现和服务推荐、网络空间资源测绘、威胁跟踪、智能推荐等方面的重要研究课题和重要应用价值。由于该任务需要跨多个平台的链接,通常会给实际应用中的研究增加额外的难度。现有的跨域网络实体身份关联方法主要利用网络用户实体的属性信息、生成内容和网络结构信息,没有充分利用网络中活动节点固有的强定位特性。在本文中,我们分析了现有关系网络的结构特征。我们发现枢纽节点具有身份关联定位的作用,不同节点所反映的身份关联重要性不同。此外,我们创造性地设计了一种网络表示学习方法。提出了一种结合表征学习方法的监督学习身份关联模型。在公共数据集上的实验表明,使用本文提出的身份关联方法,用户实体关联相似度的排序准确率比现有两种典型方法分别提高了30%和25%左右。
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引用次数: 0
Uplink non-orthogonal multiple access in heterogeneous networks: A review of recent advances and open research challenges 异构网络中的上行非正交多址:最新进展和开放研究挑战综述
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221132496
B. Rehman, M. I. Babar, Arbab Waheed Ahmad, Mohammad Amir, Wasim Habib, Muhammad Farooq, Gamil Abdel Azim
Fifth-generation wireless communications provide several benefits, including high throughput, lower latency, massive connectivity, considerable improvement in the number of users, higher base station capacity, and achieved quality of service. Non-orthogonal multiple access, an effective approach for sharing the same radio resources, has been highlighted as a viable technology in the fifth-generation wireless networks to achieve the demands of available bandwidth, user connectivity, and application latency. Non-orthogonal multiple access and heterogeneous networks have recently emerged as promising network infrastructures for enhancing the spectrum capacity and accommodating more users by sharing the same resources with high throughput. This potential capability has made the non-orthogonal multiple access–enabled heterogeneous networks a new research topic in the modern era. In this survey, the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access and its significance in different emerging technologies has been well explored. Furthermore, this survey covers a systematic overview of the state-of the-art techniques based on non-orthogonal multiple access–enabled heterogeneous networks and devising taxonomy for uplink non-orthogonal multiple access–enabled heterogeneous networks. In addition, this survey provides critical insights and identifies several open research challenges considering the uplink non-orthogonal multiple access–enabled heterogeneous networks.
第五代无线通信提供了几个优点,包括高吞吐量、低延迟、大量连接、用户数量的显著改进、更高的基站容量和实现的服务质量。非正交多址是一种共享相同无线资源的有效方法,已成为第五代无线网络中实现可用带宽、用户连接和应用延迟需求的可行技术。非正交多址网络和异构网络是近年来发展起来的一种很有前途的网络基础设施,可以通过高吞吐量共享相同的资源来提高频谱容量和容纳更多的用户。这种潜在的性能使得非正交多址异构网络成为当今时代新的研究课题。本文探讨了非正交多址的概念及其在不同新兴技术中的意义。此外,本调查还系统概述了基于非正交多址异构网络的最新技术,并为上行非正交多址异构网络设计分类。此外,本调查还提供了重要的见解,并确定了考虑上行链路非正交多址异构网络的几个开放研究挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Machine learning for Internet of things anomaly detection under low-quality data 低质量数据下物联网异常检测的机器学习
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221133765
Shangbin Han, Qianhong Wu, Yang Yang
With the popularization of Internet of things, its network security has aroused widespread concern. Anomaly detection is one of the important technologies to protect network security. To meet the needs of automatic and intelligent detection, supervised machine learning is widely used in anomaly detection. However, the existing schemes ignore the problem of data quality, which leads to the unsatisfactory detection effect in practice. Therefore, practitioners may not know which algorithm to choose due to the lack of review and evaluation of anomaly detection methods under low-quality data. To address this problem, we give a detailed review and evaluation of six supervised anomaly detection methods, as well as release the core code of feature extractor for pcap format traffic traces and anomaly detection methods for reuse. We evaluate the methods on two public datasets (one is a simulated network dataset and the other is a real Internet of things dataset). We believe that our work and insights will help practitioners quickly understand and develop anomaly detection schemes for Internet of things and can provide reference for future research.
随着物联网的普及,其网络安全问题引起了广泛关注。异常检测是保障网络安全的重要技术之一。为了满足自动化和智能化检测的需要,监督式机器学习在异常检测中得到了广泛的应用。然而,现有的检测方案忽略了数据质量问题,导致实际检测效果不理想。因此,由于缺乏对低质量数据下异常检测方法的审查和评价,从业者可能不知道该选择哪种算法。为了解决这一问题,我们对六种监督异常检测方法进行了详细的回顾和评价,并发布了pcap格式流量轨迹特征提取器的核心代码和异常检测方法,以供重用。我们在两个公共数据集(一个是模拟的网络数据集,另一个是真实的物联网数据集)上对方法进行了评估。我们相信我们的工作和见解将帮助从业者快速理解和制定物联网异常检测方案,并为未来的研究提供参考。
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引用次数: 2
Survey on authentication and security protocols and schemes over 5G networks 5G网络认证与安全协议与方案研究
IF 2.3 4区 计算机科学 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/15501329221126609
Yahya M. Tashtoush, Dirar A. Darweesh, Ola Karajeh, Omar M. Darwish, Majdi Maabreh, Safa Swedat, Rawan Koraysh, O. Almousa, Nasser Alsaedi
The emergence of fifth generation networks opens the doors for Internet of Things environment to spread widely. The number of connected devices to fifth generation networks is expected to increase to more than 1.7 billion users by 2025. Each year, millions of modern devices go online at the beginning of the school year and after the holidays, and you can even notice the publicity of Internet of Things devices swinging with the seasons. Nowadays, these devices are considered to be very important to our daily life. That is because they provide power to our homes, organize our work operations and let communications more suitable. As a result of the increasing number of connected devices to fifth generation networks, the necessity to protect these Internet of Things devices against different types of cyber-attacks is also increased. For this reason, many researchers proposed different protocols and schemes to achieve the security of the Internet of Things devices. In this article, we introduce a survey of some protocols proposed by researchers in different domains and make a comparative study between them in terms of their category, authentication process, evaluation methodology, advantages, target, development year and applications within Internet of Things environment. The objective of this survey is to provide researchers with rich information about these protocols and their uses within Internet of Things systems, whether they can be used for cloud radio access networks, Internet of Things general purposes, telecommunications systems, e-healthcare systems or drone delivery service systems. It can also assist them in choosing the proper protocol to be used according to the type of their Internet of Things system.
第五代网络的出现为物联网环境的广泛传播打开了大门。到2025年,连接到第五代网络的设备数量预计将增加到17亿用户以上。每年,数百万台现代设备在开学和假期后上线,你甚至可以注意到物联网设备的宣传随着季节的变化而变化。如今,这些设备被认为对我们的日常生活非常重要。这是因为他们为我们的家庭供电,组织我们的工作,让通信更合适。由于连接到第五代网络的设备数量不断增加,保护这些物联网设备免受不同类型网络攻击的必要性也随之增加。为此,许多研究人员提出了不同的协议和方案来实现物联网设备的安全。本文介绍了不同领域研究人员提出的一些协议的概况,并从它们的类别、认证过程、评估方法、优势、目标、发展年份以及在物联网环境中的应用等方面对它们进行了比较研究。这项调查的目的是为研究人员提供有关这些协议及其在物联网系统中的使用的丰富信息,无论它们是否可以用于云无线电接入网络、物联网通用、电信系统、电子医疗系统或无人机交付服务系统。它还可以帮助他们根据物联网系统的类型选择合适的协议。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
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