Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4941-4959
Wen Zhang, Jiaxin Zhu, Zhiwei Liu, Li Liu
Eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus is an important factor affecting water quality in drinking water sources. Convenient monitoring of eutrophication in water bodies can reduce the use of pesticides and reduce energy consumption, helping to promote ecological and economic development. This study examined the relationship between water eutrophication and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The results showed that various parameters related to eutrophication, such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, and cyanobacteria, had correlations with ORP. There is a close relationship between eutrophication and the concentration of cyanobacteria. When cyanobacteria blooms occur in the drinking water source, it may contaminate the drinking water. Because the conventional eutrophication index does not include the concentration of cyanobacteria, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to comprehensively analyze these eutrophication-related parameters and obtain the eutrophication-related index, with the cumulative contribution of principal components reaching 81.8%. Different mathematical methods such as neural network model and mathematical fitting were used to study the relationship between ORP and the eutrophication-related index. A three-segment relationship between the ORP and the index was established. This three-stage relationship was confirmed in different reservoirs.
{"title":"The eutrophication-related index of drinking water sources based on the oxidation-reduction potential","authors":"Wen Zhang, Jiaxin Zhu, Zhiwei Liu, Li Liu","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4941-4959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4941-4959","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus is an important factor affecting water quality in drinking water sources. Convenient monitoring of eutrophication in water bodies can reduce the use of pesticides and reduce energy consumption, helping to promote ecological and economic development. This study examined the relationship between water eutrophication and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The results showed that various parameters related to eutrophication, such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, and cyanobacteria, had correlations with ORP. There is a close relationship between eutrophication and the concentration of cyanobacteria. When cyanobacteria blooms occur in the drinking water source, it may contaminate the drinking water. Because the conventional eutrophication index does not include the concentration of cyanobacteria, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to comprehensively analyze these eutrophication-related parameters and obtain the eutrophication-related index, with the cumulative contribution of principal components reaching 81.8%. Different mathematical methods such as neural network model and mathematical fitting were used to study the relationship between ORP and the eutrophication-related index. A three-segment relationship between the ORP and the index was established. This three-stage relationship was confirmed in different reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4918-4940
Bin Shang, Zhe Chen, Yuxi Lin, Hong Chang, Jianing Wei
The classification of Mortise and Tenon (MT) joints is vital, as it enables standardized terminology, facilitates comparative analysis, and enhances understanding of construction techniques across a variety of applications including the design, manufacturing, and management of wood products. Although the classification of MT joints is crucial, current research in this area lacks a systematic approach. The study adopts a morphological composition paradigm to investigate MT joints. This study introduces a 6-level classification index hierarchy for MT morphology, employing methods from biological classification and arithmetic cross-method coding. By encoding joint features and morphological composition, the study delineates 352 possible joint types and 1056 theoretical compositions across dimensions, elucidating diverse structural logics and aiding comprehension. Next, a feasibility typicality assessment identifies 198 typical and 310 atypical morphological types, presented clearly in graphical form. Validations are conducted through analysis of 2654 research cases, which are encoded according to the index hierarchy, thereby affirming the scientific validity and practical utility of the classification system.
{"title":"A systematic classification and typological assessment method for mortise and tenon joints","authors":"Bin Shang, Zhe Chen, Yuxi Lin, Hong Chang, Jianing Wei","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4918-4940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4918-4940","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of Mortise and Tenon (MT) joints is vital, as it enables standardized terminology, facilitates comparative analysis, and enhances understanding of construction techniques across a variety of applications including the design, manufacturing, and management of wood products. Although the classification of MT joints is crucial, current research in this area lacks a systematic approach. The study adopts a morphological composition paradigm to investigate MT joints. This study introduces a 6-level classification index hierarchy for MT morphology, employing methods from biological classification and arithmetic cross-method coding. By encoding joint features and morphological composition, the study delineates 352 possible joint types and 1056 theoretical compositions across dimensions, elucidating diverse structural logics and aiding comprehension. Next, a feasibility typicality assessment identifies 198 typical and 310 atypical morphological types, presented clearly in graphical form. Validations are conducted through analysis of 2654 research cases, which are encoded according to the index hierarchy, thereby affirming the scientific validity and practical utility of the classification system.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4886-4898
Junxia Yuan, Xiaofei Li, Feifan Wu, Cheng Pan, Haitao Yang
Using renewable steam-exploded poplar (SEP) as carbon source, nickel metal doped carbon hybrid materials were designed to synthesize catalysts (Ni/SEP) with certain oxygen evolution reaction (OER) properties and were compared with nickel catalysts supported on metal organic framework structure (ZIF67-Ni). The roles of SEP support in Ni-based catalyst were considered. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed that the fiber could better hinder the aggregation of metal particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the presence of surface OH groups after the reduction process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the major form of metallic Ni in the resulting Ni catalysts. Carbon materials as carriers, the synergetic effect of Ni-doped, and carbon carrier played an important role in facilitating the kinetics of OER, which was similar to the carrier of metal-organic frame material. Notably, the Ni/SEP (11.3 mF/cm-2) and ZIF67-Ni (37.2 mF/cm-2) with better OER performance exhibited a smaller double layer capacitances (Cdl), suggesting the intrinsic OER catalytic activity of the Ni/SEP and ZIF67-Ni were much higher in comparison to the ZIF67-Ni/SEP. Moreover, the inferior performance of Ni/SEP further indicated that the synergistic effect between carbon and Ni/NiO contributes to the enhanced OER activity.
以可再生蒸汽爆破杨树（SEP）为碳源，设计了掺杂镍金属的碳杂化材料，合成了具有一定氧进化反应（OER）特性的催化剂（Ni/SEP），并与金属有机框架结构（ZIF67-Ni）支撑的镍催化剂进行了比较。研究考虑了 SEP 支持在镍基催化剂中的作用。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像证实，纤维能更好地阻止金属颗粒的聚集。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）表明还原过程后表面存在 OH 基团。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 分析证实了所生成的镍催化剂中金属镍的主要形式。碳材料作为载体，掺杂镍和碳载体的协同效应在促进 OER 的动力学过程中发挥了重要作用，这与金属有机框架材料的载体相似。值得注意的是，OER 性能较好的 Ni/SEP（11.3 mF/cm-2）和 ZIF67-Ni（37.2 mF/cm-2）表现出较小的双层电容（Cdl），表明 Ni/SEP 和 ZIF67-Ni 的内在 OER 催化活性比 ZIF67-Ni/SEP 高得多。此外，Ni/SEP 的性能较差进一步表明，碳和 Ni/NiO 之间的协同效应有助于增强 OER 活性。
{"title":"Structure and oxygen evolution reaction performance of Ni-supported catalysts based on steam-exploded poplar","authors":"Junxia Yuan, Xiaofei Li, Feifan Wu, Cheng Pan, Haitao Yang","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4886-4898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4886-4898","url":null,"abstract":"Using renewable steam-exploded poplar (SEP) as carbon source, nickel metal doped carbon hybrid materials were designed to synthesize catalysts (Ni/SEP) with certain oxygen evolution reaction (OER) properties and were compared with nickel catalysts supported on metal organic framework structure (ZIF67-Ni). The roles of SEP support in Ni-based catalyst were considered. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed that the fiber could better hinder the aggregation of metal particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the presence of surface OH groups after the reduction process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the major form of metallic Ni in the resulting Ni catalysts. Carbon materials as carriers, the synergetic effect of Ni-doped, and carbon carrier played an important role in facilitating the kinetics of OER, which was similar to the carrier of metal-organic frame material. Notably, the Ni/SEP (11.3 mF/cm-2) and ZIF67-Ni (37.2 mF/cm-2) with better OER performance exhibited a smaller double layer capacitances (Cdl), suggesting the intrinsic OER catalytic activity of the Ni/SEP and ZIF67-Ni were much higher in comparison to the ZIF67-Ni/SEP. Moreover, the inferior performance of Ni/SEP further indicated that the synergistic effect between carbon and Ni/NiO contributes to the enhanced OER activity.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.sanjon
C. W. Sanjon, Yuchen Leng, M. Hauptmann, P. Groche, J. Majschak
The potential of paper and paperboard as fiber-based materials capable of replacing conventional polymer-based materials has been widely investigated and evaluated. Due to paper’s limited extensibility and inherent heterogeneity, local structural variations lead to unpredictable local mechanical behavior and instability during processing, such as mechanical forming. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of mechanical behavior and heterogeneity on the paper forming process, the Finite Element Method (FEM) coupled with continuum modeling is being explored as a potential approach to enhance comprehension. To achieve this goal, utilizing experimentally derived material parameters alongside stochastic finite element methods allows for more precise modeling of material behavior, considering the local material properties. This work first introduces the approach of modeling heterogeneity or local material structure within continuum models, such as the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM). A fundamental challenge lies in accurately measuring these local material properties. Experimental investigations are being conducted to numerically simulate mechanical behavior. An overview is provided of experimental methods for material characterization, as found in literature, with a specific focus on measuring local mechanical material structure. By doing so, it enables the characterization of the global material structure and mechanical behavior of paper and paperboard.
{"title":"Methods for characterization and continuum modeling of inhomogeneous properties of paper and paperboard materials: A review","authors":"C. W. Sanjon, Yuchen Leng, M. Hauptmann, P. Groche, J. Majschak","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.sanjon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.sanjon","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of paper and paperboard as fiber-based materials capable of replacing conventional polymer-based materials has been widely investigated and evaluated. Due to paper’s limited extensibility and inherent heterogeneity, local structural variations lead to unpredictable local mechanical behavior and instability during processing, such as mechanical forming. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of mechanical behavior and heterogeneity on the paper forming process, the Finite Element Method (FEM) coupled with continuum modeling is being explored as a potential approach to enhance comprehension. To achieve this goal, utilizing experimentally derived material parameters alongside stochastic finite element methods allows for more precise modeling of material behavior, considering the local material properties. This work first introduces the approach of modeling heterogeneity or local material structure within continuum models, such as the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM). A fundamental challenge lies in accurately measuring these local material properties. Experimental investigations are being conducted to numerically simulate mechanical behavior. An overview is provided of experimental methods for material characterization, as found in literature, with a specific focus on measuring local mechanical material structure. By doing so, it enables the characterization of the global material structure and mechanical behavior of paper and paperboard.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4899-4917
E. Gezer, Abdullah Uğur Birinci, Aydin Demir, Hasan Öztürk, Okan İlhan, Cenk Demirkir
The primary aim of this work was to determine the effects of production parameters, such as wood species and timber strength classes, on some mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels using artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models. Subsequently, using the models obtained from the analyses, the goal was to identify the optimum layer combinations of timber strength classes used in the middle and outer layers that would provide the highest mechanical properties for CLT panels. CLT panels made from spruce and alder timbers, as well as hybrid panels created from combinations of these two wood species, were produced. The strength classes of the timbers were determined non-destructively according to the TS EN 338 (2016) standard using an acoustic testing device. The bending strength and modulus of elasticity values of the CLT panels were determined destructively according to the TS EN 408 (2019) standard. According to ANN results, the optimum timber strength classes and layer combinations were determined for bending strength as C24-C27-C24 for spruce CLT, D18-D24-D18 for alder CLT, C30-D40-C30 and D18-C30-D18 for hybrid panels; and for modulus of elasticity, C22-C27-C22 for spruce, D35-D30-D35 for alder, C16-D24-C16, and D24-C24-D24 for hybrid panels.
这项工作的主要目的是利用人工神经网络（ANN）预测模型确定生产参数（如木材种类和木材强度等级）对交叉层压木材（CLT）面板某些机械性能的影响。随后，利用分析得出的模型，目标是确定中层和外层所用木材强度等级的最佳层组合，从而为 CLT 面板提供最高的机械性能。由云杉和桤木制成的 CLT 面板，以及由这两种木材组合而成的混合面板均已制作完成。根据 TS EN 338（2016）标准，使用声学测试装置对木材的强度等级进行了非破坏性测定。CLT 板材的弯曲强度和弹性模量值是根据 TS EN 408（2019）标准进行破坏性测定的。根据 ANN 的结果，确定了最佳木材强度等级和层组合：弯曲强度方面，云杉 CLT 为 C24-C27-C24，桤木 CLT 为 D18-D24-D18，混合板材为 C30-D40-C30 和 D18-C30-D18；弹性模量方面，云杉为 C22-C27-C22，桤木为 D35-D30-D35，混合板材为 C16-D24-C16 和 D24-C24-D24。
{"title":"Determining the optimum layer combination for cross-laminated timber panels according to timber strength classes using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"E. Gezer, Abdullah Uğur Birinci, Aydin Demir, Hasan Öztürk, Okan İlhan, Cenk Demirkir","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4899-4917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4899-4917","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this work was to determine the effects of production parameters, such as wood species and timber strength classes, on some mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels using artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models. Subsequently, using the models obtained from the analyses, the goal was to identify the optimum layer combinations of timber strength classes used in the middle and outer layers that would provide the highest mechanical properties for CLT panels. CLT panels made from spruce and alder timbers, as well as hybrid panels created from combinations of these two wood species, were produced. The strength classes of the timbers were determined non-destructively according to the TS EN 338 (2016) standard using an acoustic testing device. The bending strength and modulus of elasticity values of the CLT panels were determined destructively according to the TS EN 408 (2019) standard. According to ANN results, the optimum timber strength classes and layer combinations were determined for bending strength as C24-C27-C24 for spruce CLT, D18-D24-D18 for alder CLT, C30-D40-C30 and D18-C30-D18 for hybrid panels; and for modulus of elasticity, C22-C27-C22 for spruce, D35-D30-D35 for alder, C16-D24-C16, and D24-C24-D24 for hybrid panels.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4871-4885
Arzu Ergül Bozkurt
Leaf variations of Betula medwediewii in Türkiye with respect to its distribution pattern were studied because this plant taxon is a Euxine element and a distinct relict species in Türkiye. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among B. medwediewii populations in natural distribution areas in Türkiye. Thus, the morphological leaf characteristics of four populations of B. medwediewii growing at different elevations spanning from 1472 to 2065 m.a.s.l in two cities (Artvin and Rize) and four boroughs (Arhavi, Borçka, Murgul, and Çamlıhemşin) of Türkiye were analyzed. The four populations were selected based on their natural distribution and 1,200 leaf samples belonging to 40 individuals were measured with ImageJ. According to the results of correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were determined among morphological leaf characteristics. Mean values for petiole length (1.16 cm), leaf width (5.11 cm), leaf length (7.96 cm), length of lamina (6.79 cm), leaf area (26.62 cm²), leaf vein angle (54.21°), and number of primary leaf veins (20.03) were determined in all populations. Because B. medwediewii contributes to biodiversity and can preserve the ecological stability of the Turkish forest area, its conservation is crucial.
研究土耳其桦树（Betula medwediewii）的叶片变化与其分布模式有关，因为该植物类群是土耳其的欧亚大陆元素和独特的孑遗物种。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是调查在土耳其自然分布区的 B. medwediewii 种群内部和种群之间叶片形态特征的变化。因此，本研究分析了生长在土耳其两个城市（Artvin 和 Rize）和四个区（Arhavi、Borçka、Murgul 和 Çamlıhemşin）不同海拔高度（从 1472 米到 2065 米）的四个 B. medwediewii 种群的叶片形态特征。根据自然分布情况选择了这四个种群，并使用 ImageJ 测量了属于 40 个个体的 1,200 份叶片样本。根据相关分析的结果，确定了叶片形态特征之间具有统计学意义的关系。确定了所有种群叶柄长度（1.16 厘米）、叶片宽度（5.11 厘米）、叶片长度（7.96 厘米）、叶片长度（6.79 厘米）、叶片面积（26.62 平方厘米）、叶脉角度（54.21°）和主叶脉数（20.03）的平均值。由于 B. medwediewii 促进了生物多样性，并能保护土耳其森林地区的生态稳定，因此对其进行保护至关重要。
{"title":"Leaf morphological variation in Betula medwediewii Regel populations from Türkiye","authors":"Arzu Ergül Bozkurt","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4871-4885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4871-4885","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf variations of Betula medwediewii in Türkiye with respect to its distribution pattern were studied because this plant taxon is a Euxine element and a distinct relict species in Türkiye. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among B. medwediewii populations in natural distribution areas in Türkiye. Thus, the morphological leaf characteristics of four populations of B. medwediewii growing at different elevations spanning from 1472 to 2065 m.a.s.l in two cities (Artvin and Rize) and four boroughs (Arhavi, Borçka, Murgul, and Çamlıhemşin) of Türkiye were analyzed. The four populations were selected based on their natural distribution and 1,200 leaf samples belonging to 40 individuals were measured with ImageJ. According to the results of correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were determined among morphological leaf characteristics. Mean values for petiole length (1.16 cm), leaf width (5.11 cm), leaf length (7.96 cm), length of lamina (6.79 cm), leaf area (26.62 cm²), leaf vein angle (54.21°), and number of primary leaf veins (20.03) were determined in all populations. Because B. medwediewii contributes to biodiversity and can preserve the ecological stability of the Turkish forest area, its conservation is crucial.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4278-4291
Hengsong Ji, Zedong Zhang, Bo Zhang
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient technology for converting biomass to platform compounds. It has great potential for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. The HTL of waste biomass has been extensively studied in recent years due to both its environmental and economic benefits. However, most woody waste contains a large amount of cellulose, and it is difficult to be sufficiently decomposed to valuable chemicals. Phycocyanin, a key component of algae, is easily degraded under high-temperature liquefaction conditions. In this work, focusing on bio-oil generation properties, the co-liquefaction characteristics and synergistic mechanisms of α-cellulose and phycocyanin were explored. The findings revealed a maximum bio-oil yield of 33.1 wt% under the optimal conditions (300 °C for 40 min), with a notable positive synergistic effect of 13.5 wt%. Chemical composition analysis indicated distinct compositional differences between the bio-oils derived from individual and dual feedstock. The amounts of pyridine and pyrimidine compounds increased due to the enhanced co-liquefaction. The results also highlighted the influence of temperature on the degree of conversion and product distribution. Finally, preliminary chemical reaction pathway was elucidated, underscoring the potential of integrating microalgae and woody biomass for enhanced bio-oil production.
水热液化（HTL）是一种将生物质转化为平台化合物的高效技术。它在减少对化石燃料的依赖方面具有巨大潜力。由于其环境和经济效益，近年来对废弃生物质的热液化技术进行了广泛研究。然而，大多数木质废料都含有大量纤维素，很难充分分解成有价值的化学物质。藻蓝蛋白是藻类的主要成分，在高温液化条件下很容易降解。本研究以生物油生成特性为重点，探讨了 α-纤维素和藻蓝蛋白的共液化特性和协同机制。研究结果表明，在最佳条件下（300 °C 40 分钟），生物油产量最高可达 33.1 wt%，协同效应显著，达到 13.5 wt%。化学成分分析表明，单一原料和双重原料产生的生物油之间存在明显的成分差异。由于共液化作用增强，吡啶和嘧啶化合物的含量增加。研究结果还强调了温度对转化程度和产物分布的影响。最后，初步阐明了化学反应途径，强调了整合微藻和木质生物质以提高生物油生产的潜力。
{"title":"Co-liquefaction of α-cellulose and phycocyanin: A preliminary study","authors":"Hengsong Ji, Zedong Zhang, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4278-4291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4278-4291","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient technology for converting biomass to platform compounds. It has great potential for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. The HTL of waste biomass has been extensively studied in recent years due to both its environmental and economic benefits. However, most woody waste contains a large amount of cellulose, and it is difficult to be sufficiently decomposed to valuable chemicals. Phycocyanin, a key component of algae, is easily degraded under high-temperature liquefaction conditions. In this work, focusing on bio-oil generation properties, the co-liquefaction characteristics and synergistic mechanisms of α-cellulose and phycocyanin were explored. The findings revealed a maximum bio-oil yield of 33.1 wt% under the optimal conditions (300 °C for 40 min), with a notable positive synergistic effect of 13.5 wt%. Chemical composition analysis indicated distinct compositional differences between the bio-oils derived from individual and dual feedstock. The amounts of pyridine and pyrimidine compounds increased due to the enhanced co-liquefaction. The results also highlighted the influence of temperature on the degree of conversion and product distribution. Finally, preliminary chemical reaction pathway was elucidated, underscoring the potential of integrating microalgae and woody biomass for enhanced bio-oil production.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4238-4249
Wenhao Liu, Xiu Le, Junjun Chen, Junxian Xie, Junjian An, Guangyan Zhang, Nianjie Feng, Peng Wang, Yimin Xie
Generation of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) between dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) and pulp fibers may have an important impact on the properties of pulp. In this work, the benzyl ester-type LCC was formed between oxidized cellulose and DHP. The effect of pH on the addition reaction of oxidized cellulose to quinone methide in the synthesis of DHP-cellulose complex (DHPCC) was investigated. The structure of the product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Carbon 13-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR), and 2-Dimensional Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D HSQC NMR) analyses. The results indicated that cellulose was indeed oxidized and carboxyl groups were introduced into cellulose by the oxidation process. The formed DHPCC was connected by benzyl ester linkage. In addition, the pH of the reaction system had an important role in the formation of the benzyl ester bonds. The acidic condition (pH = 4.0) was conducive to the addition reaction of quinone methide with carboxyl groups of cellulose. Overall, this study provides helpful guidance for the generation of LCC between DHP and paper pulp fibers.
{"title":"Influence of pH on the formation of benzyl ester bonds between dehydrogenation polymer and cellulose","authors":"Wenhao Liu, Xiu Le, Junjun Chen, Junxian Xie, Junjian An, Guangyan Zhang, Nianjie Feng, Peng Wang, Yimin Xie","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4238-4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4238-4249","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) between dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) and pulp fibers may have an important impact on the properties of pulp. In this work, the benzyl ester-type LCC was formed between oxidized cellulose and DHP. The effect of pH on the addition reaction of oxidized cellulose to quinone methide in the synthesis of DHP-cellulose complex (DHPCC) was investigated. The structure of the product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Carbon 13-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR), and 2-Dimensional Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D HSQC NMR) analyses. The results indicated that cellulose was indeed oxidized and carboxyl groups were introduced into cellulose by the oxidation process. The formed DHPCC was connected by benzyl ester linkage. In addition, the pH of the reaction system had an important role in the formation of the benzyl ester bonds. The acidic condition (pH = 4.0) was conducive to the addition reaction of quinone methide with carboxyl groups of cellulose. Overall, this study provides helpful guidance for the generation of LCC between DHP and paper pulp fibers.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.4250-4263
Liang Wen, Changhong Yan, Yehui Shi, Zhenxiang Wang, Gang Liu, Wei Shi
The disposal of agricultural waste ash is a great ecological challenge. This study analyzed the basic properties of corn straw ash and soybean straw ash, encompassing the identification of key oxides, the assessment of particle size distribution, and the performance of thermogravimetric analysis. This study also evaluated the potential of corn straw ash and soybean straw ash to replace cement in mortar and concrete through laboratory tests. The findings indicated that the strength activity index of corn straw ash was higher than soybean straw ash. Furthermore, when these ashes were used as cement replacements, the compressive strength of concrete decreased. Notably, concrete containing corn straw ash exhibited greater strength than concrete with the same substitution amount of soybean straw ash. Specifically, at a 5% substitution level, the compressive strengths of corn straw ash concrete and soybean straw ash concrete were 31.5 and 30.5 MPa, respectively. Additionally, soybean straw ash concrete demonstrated superior resistance to water penetration compared to corn straw ash concrete. Both corn straw ash and soybean straw ash exhibited the potential to enhance the early crack resistance of concrete.
{"title":"Utilization of straw ash as a partial substitute for ordinary Portland cement in concrete","authors":"Liang Wen, Changhong Yan, Yehui Shi, Zhenxiang Wang, Gang Liu, Wei Shi","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4250-4263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4250-4263","url":null,"abstract":"The disposal of agricultural waste ash is a great ecological challenge. This study analyzed the basic properties of corn straw ash and soybean straw ash, encompassing the identification of key oxides, the assessment of particle size distribution, and the performance of thermogravimetric analysis. This study also evaluated the potential of corn straw ash and soybean straw ash to replace cement in mortar and concrete through laboratory tests. The findings indicated that the strength activity index of corn straw ash was higher than soybean straw ash. Furthermore, when these ashes were used as cement replacements, the compressive strength of concrete decreased. Notably, concrete containing corn straw ash exhibited greater strength than concrete with the same substitution amount of soybean straw ash. Specifically, at a 5% substitution level, the compressive strengths of corn straw ash concrete and soybean straw ash concrete were 31.5 and 30.5 MPa, respectively. Additionally, soybean straw ash concrete demonstrated superior resistance to water penetration compared to corn straw ash concrete. Both corn straw ash and soybean straw ash exhibited the potential to enhance the early crack resistance of concrete.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":"225 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to use ultrasound-based extraction to prepare starch from the tubers of Cyperus esculentus. Ultrasonic treatment of Cyperus esculentus powder with a medium of alkaline-treated water can effectively improve the starch extraction efficiency. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction process, and the results showed that the optimal parameters were ultrasound time of 30 minutes, pH value of 9.0, ultrasound temperature of 40 °C, and solid-liquid ratio of 10:1. The extraction percentage under these conditions was 90.1%. The physicochemical properties of C. esculentus starch were compared with those of cassava, potato, and corn starch. The particle size of C. esculentus starch was approximately 2 to 15 μm. The gelatinization temperature was 70.5 °C, and the peak viscosity was similar to cassava but with better thermal stability. Like other tuber starches, C. esculentus starch had higher swelling power and solubility at 85 °C.
{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction and physicochemical properties of starch from Cyperus esculentus tubers","authors":"Fanhao Meng, Shuangqi Tian, Ya’nan Wang, Jing Lu, Zehua Liu, Yongwu Niu","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.4264-4277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4264-4277","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to use ultrasound-based extraction to prepare starch from the tubers of Cyperus esculentus. Ultrasonic treatment of Cyperus esculentus powder with a medium of alkaline-treated water can effectively improve the starch extraction efficiency. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction process, and the results showed that the optimal parameters were ultrasound time of 30 minutes, pH value of 9.0, ultrasound temperature of 40 °C, and solid-liquid ratio of 10:1. The extraction percentage under these conditions was 90.1%. The physicochemical properties of C. esculentus starch were compared with those of cassava, potato, and corn starch. The particle size of C. esculentus starch was approximately 2 to 15 μm. The gelatinization temperature was 70.5 °C, and the peak viscosity was similar to cassava but with better thermal stability. Like other tuber starches, C. esculentus starch had higher swelling power and solubility at 85 °C.","PeriodicalId":503414,"journal":{"name":"BioResources","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：