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Optimal strategy of data tampering attacks for FIR system identification with average entropy and binary-valued observations 利用平均熵和二值观测数据识别 FIR 系统的最佳数据篡改攻击策略
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3877
Zhongwei Bai, Yan Liu, Yinghui Wang, Jin Guo

In the era of digitalization boom, cyber-physical system (CPS) has been widely used in several fields. However, malicious data tampering in communication networks may lead to degradation of the state estimation performance, which may affect the control decision and cause significant losses. In this paper, for the identification of finite impluse response (FIR) systems with binary-valued observations under data tampering attack, an optimal attack strategy based on the average entropy is designed from the perspective of the attacker. In the case of unknown parameters, the regression matrix is used to give the estimation method of the system parameters, the algorithmic flow of the data tampering attack for the implementation of the on-line attack is designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm and the reliability of the conclusions is verified through the examples.

摘要 在数字化蓬勃发展的时代,网络物理系统(CPS)已被广泛应用于多个领域。然而,通信网络中的恶意数据篡改可能会导致状态估计性能下降,从而影响控制决策并造成重大损失。本文针对数据篡改攻击下观测值为二值的有限隐含响应(FIR)系统的识别问题,从攻击者的角度出发,设计了一种基于平均熵的最优攻击策略。在参数未知的情况下,利用回归矩阵给出了系统参数的估计方法,设计了实现在线攻击的数据篡改攻击算法流程。最后,通过实例验证了算法的有效性和结论的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Composite-observer-based asynchronous control for hidden Markov nonlinear systems with disturbances 基于复合观测器的有扰动隐马尔可夫非线性系统异步控制
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3872
Weidi Cheng, Shuping He, Hai Wang, Changyin Sun

In this article, an asynchronous adaptive tracking control approach is presented for a type of hidden Markov jump nonlinear systems with external disturbances. In this joint jump process model, hidden Markov model signifies the dynamics of the actual system, whereas the signal emits from the detector symbolizes the transmitted information. This leads to the phenomenon of asynchronization between the modes of the system and that of the controller. Accordingly, an asynchronous observer is developed by using the mode information from the detector to develop an asynchronous control approach. The observer contains a disturbance estimation part, to compensate the unknown external inputs. Utilizing the backstepping scheme, a strict-feedback asynchronous tracking controller is formulated, guaranteeing that all signals within the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded in probability. Finally, the validity of the presented methodology is illustrated by means of a simulation example.

本文提出了一种异步自适应跟踪控制方法,适用于具有外部干扰的隐马尔可夫跃迁非线性系统。在这种联合跃迁过程模型中,隐马尔可夫模型表示实际系统的动态,而检测器发出的信号则表示传输的信息。这就导致了系统模式与控制器模式之间的不同步现象。因此,我们利用检测器的模式信息开发了一种异步观测器,以开发一种异步控制方法。观测器包含干扰估计部分,用于补偿未知的外部输入。利用反步进方案,制定了一个严格反馈异步跟踪控制器,保证闭环系统内的所有信号在概率上都是半全局均匀最终约束的。最后,通过一个仿真实例说明了所介绍方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Decentralized adaptive practical prescribed-time control via command filters 通过指令滤波器实现分散自适应实用规定时间控制
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3876
Wei Zhang, Tianping Zhang

This paper proposes a command filter-based decentralized adaptive backstepping practical prescribed-time (PPT) tracking control scheme for a class of non-strict feedback interconnected systems with time varying parameters, unknown control coefficients, unmodeled dynamics, input deadzone and saturation. By the aid of the characteristics of Gaussian functions, the obstacles arising from the non-strict feedback terms are successfully solved. By constructing a novel time-varying scaling function and utilizing nonlinear mapping, the PPT tracking control is developed. The estimations of dynamical uncertainties resulting from unmodeled dynamics are accomplished by employing auxiliary signals, while the unknown continuous terms are characterized by the aid of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). A superposition of two hyperbolic tangent functions is utilized to approximate input nonlinearity. Utilizing the compact set defined in the command filtered backstepping technique, the problem of unknown control direction is solved without using the Nussbaum gain technique. All the signals involved are proved to be semi-global uniform ultimate bounded, and the tracking error can enter the pre-specified convergence region within a pre-specified time. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

摘要 本文针对一类具有时变参数、未知控制系数、未建模动态、输入死区和饱和的非严格反馈互连系统,提出了一种基于指令滤波器的分散自适应反步进实用规定时间(PPT)跟踪控制方案。借助高斯函数的特性,成功解决了非严格反馈项带来的障碍。通过构建新颖的时变缩放函数和利用非线性映射,开发出了 PPT 跟踪控制。利用辅助信号完成了对未建模动态不确定性的估计,同时借助径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)对未知连续项进行了表征。利用两个双曲正切函数的叠加来近似输入非线性。利用指令滤波反步进技术中定义的紧凑集,在不使用努斯鲍姆增益技术的情况下解决了未知控制方向的问题。所有涉及的信号都被证明是半全局均匀终极有界的,跟踪误差能在指定时间内进入指定收敛区域。仿真结果证明了所提控制方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of breast cancer by deep belief network with improved activation function 利用改进激活函数的深度信念网络检测乳腺癌
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3861
S. Archana

Breast cancer is the most prevalent kind of tumor to occur in females and the primary cause of death for women. Early detection is perhaps the most successful strategy to minimize breast cancer mortality. Early diagnosis necessitates a consistent and efficient diagnostics method that allows doctors to differentiate benign from malignant breast cancers without a surgical sample. The goal of this endeavor is to develop a sophisticated breast cancer diagnosis method. The primary goal of the paper is to reduce the death rate among women by promoting early detection of breast cancer. First, pre-processing techniques such as median filtering and contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization are used to the obtained raw images. By doing this, the machine-learning model's computational complexity is decreased and the image quality is enhanced. K-means clustering is used to segregate the pre-processed image. Additionally, features including the enhanced local vector pattern, grey-level co-occurrence matrix and local vector patterns are produced in the course of the feature extraction stage. Finally, an optimized deep belief network (DBN) is carrying out the classification process. To boosts the classification accuracy, activation function of DBN (tanh, softmax, ReLu) as well as its weight function is optimized by the proposed grey wolf updated whale optimization algorithm The accuracy of the greywolf updated whale optimization algorithm+DBN is above 93% for datasets 1 and 2 when compared to extant models. Finally, calculation of the performance validates the proposed model's performance.

摘要乳腺癌是女性最常见的肿瘤,也是女性死亡的主要原因。早期发现可能是将乳腺癌死亡率降至最低的最成功策略。早期诊断需要一种一致而有效的诊断方法,使医生无需手术取样就能区分良性和恶性乳腺癌。这项工作的目标是开发一种先进的乳腺癌诊断方法。本文的主要目标是通过促进乳腺癌的早期发现来降低妇女的死亡率。首先,对获得的原始图像采用中值滤波和对比度限制自适应直方图均衡化等预处理技术。这样做可以降低机器学习模型的计算复杂度,提高图像质量。K 均值聚类用于分离预处理后的图像。此外,在特征提取阶段,会产生包括增强局部向量模式、灰度级共现矩阵和局部向量模式在内的特征。最后,优化的深度信念网络(DBN)将执行分类过程。为了提高分类准确率,灰狼更新鲸鱼优化算法对 DBN 的激活函数(tanh、softmax、ReLu)及其权重函数进行了优化。与现有模型相比,灰狼更新鲸鱼优化算法+DBN 在数据集 1 和 2 中的准确率高于 93%。最后,对性能的计算验证了所提出模型的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Parameter estimation methods for time-invariant continuous-time systems from dynamical discrete output responses based on the Laplace transforms 基于拉普拉斯变换的动态离散输出响应的时不变连续时间系统参数估计方法
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3871
Kader Ali Ibrahim, Feng Ding

In industrial process control systems, parameter estimation is crucial for controller design and model analysis. This article examines the issue of identifying parameters in continuous-time models. This article presents a stochastic gradient estimation algorithm and a recursive least squares estimation algorithm for identifying the parameters of continuous systems. It derives the parameter identification model of linear continuous-time systems based on the Laplace transforms of the input and output of the systems. To prove that the techniques given here work, we have included a simulated example.

摘要 在工业过程控制系统中,参数估计对控制器设计和模型分析至关重要。本文探讨了连续时间模型中的参数识别问题。本文提出了一种随机梯度估计算法和递归最小二乘估计算法,用于识别连续系统的参数。它基于系统输入和输出的拉普拉斯变换,推导出线性连续时间系统的参数识别模型。为了证明这里给出的技术是有效的,我们提供了一个模拟示例。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in strongly noisy environments using graph convolutional networks 利用图卷积网络对强噪声环境中的滚动轴承进行智能故障诊断
IF 3.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3869
Lunpan Wei, Xiuyan Peng, Yunpeng Cao
SummaryRolling bearings often function under complex and non‐stationary conditions, where significant noise interference complicates fault diagnosis by obscuring fault characteristics. This paper presents an innovative fault diagnosis technique using graph convolutional networks (GCN) to address these challenges. Vibration signals are first transformed into the frequency domain through fast Fourier transform (FFT), creating a detailed graph where nodes and edges encapsulate fault signals. The GCN method then extracts complex node features from this graph, enabling a classifier, comprising a fully connected layer and Softmax function, to accurately identify fault types. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed GCN‐based fault diagnosis method, achieving an accuracy of 99.79%. This significantly surpasses traditional machine learning methods (85.4%), deep learning models (92.3%), and other graph neural network approaches (94.1%). Notably, the method shows exceptional resilience to noise, maintaining high accuracy even with 20% added noise, underscoring its robustness for practical industrial applications. The transformation of vibration signals into the frequency domain using FFT, followed by constructing a detailed graph structure, enables the GCN to effectively capture and represent intricate fault characteristics, thus enhancing accurate fault classification. These findings highlight the method's practical applicability and potential for deployment in advanced industrial settings characterized by high noise levels and complexity.
摘要滚动轴承通常在复杂和非稳态条件下工作,大量噪声干扰掩盖了故障特征,使故障诊断变得复杂。本文利用图卷积网络(GCN)提出了一种创新的故障诊断技术,以应对这些挑战。首先通过快速傅立叶变换 (FFT) 将振动信号转换到频域,创建一个详细的图,其中的节点和边封装了故障信号。然后,GCN 方法从该图中提取复杂的节点特征,使由全连接层和 Softmax 函数组成的分类器能够准确识别故障类型。实验结果表明,基于 GCN 的故障诊断方法性能优越,准确率达到 99.79%。这大大超过了传统的机器学习方法(85.4%)、深度学习模型(92.3%)和其他图神经网络方法(94.1%)。值得注意的是,该方法对噪声表现出了卓越的适应能力,即使在噪声增加 20% 的情况下也能保持较高的准确率,这凸显了该方法在实际工业应用中的稳健性。利用 FFT 将振动信号转换到频域,然后构建详细的图结构,使 GCN 能够有效捕捉和表示复杂的故障特征,从而提高故障分类的准确性。这些发现凸显了该方法的实用性和在具有高噪声水平和复杂性特点的先进工业环境中部署的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Disturbance observer based adaptive heading control for unmanned surface vehicle with event-triggered and signal quantization 基于扰动观测器的无人水面飞行器自适应航向控制,带事件触发和信号量化功能
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3870
Yifan Ma, Wei Li, Jun Ning, Lu Liu

This article delves into the adaptive heading tracking control of unmanned surface vehicle (USV) by incorporating an event-triggered mechanism and signal quantization. The primary objective is to save communication resources while alleviating the burden of signal transmission. To address time-varying external perturbations inherent in the control system, a disturbance observer is employed for precise estimation. Additionally, a linear model is introduced to delineate the procedure of quantization. By furnishing the controller with purpose-designed quantized control input, the adaptive tracking control system can effectively track desired input without requiring any prior knowledge of the quantized parameters. The article substantiates its claims by demonstrating the system's stability in the absence of quantization considerations and the bounded nature of quantization errors through a series of presented lemmas. Further, the stability of the USV heading control system, integrated with an event-triggered mechanism and signal quantization, is proofed in accordance with Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the proposed strategy's efficacy and practical applicability are validated through experimental simulations.

摘要 本文通过结合事件触发机制和信号量化,深入研究了无人水面飞行器(USV)的自适应航向跟踪控制。其主要目的是节省通信资源,同时减轻信号传输负担。为解决控制系统固有的时变外部扰动问题,采用了扰动观测器进行精确估计。此外,还引入了一个线性模型来描述量化过程。通过向控制器提供专门设计的量化控制输入,自适应跟踪控制系统可以有效跟踪所需的输入,而无需事先了解量化参数。文章通过一系列提出的定理证明了系统在不考虑量化的情况下的稳定性以及量化误差的有界性,从而证实了自己的观点。此外,文章还根据李亚普诺夫稳定性理论证明了与事件触发机制和信号量化相结合的 USV 航向控制系统的稳定性。最后,通过实验模拟验证了所提策略的有效性和实际应用性。
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引用次数: 0
Iterative parameter identification for Hammerstein systems with ARMA noises by using the filtering identification idea 利用滤波识别思想对具有 ARMA 噪声的哈默斯坦系统进行迭代参数识别
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3865
Saida Bedoui, Kamel Abderrahim, Feng Ding

In practical applications, many processes have nonlinear characteristics that require nonlinear models for accurate description. However, constructing such models and determining their parameters are a challenging task. This article explores filtered identification methods for estimating the parameters of a particular type of nonlinear Hammerstein systems with ARMA noise. An auxiliary model-based least squares algorithm is developed for such systems based on the auxiliary model identification idea. A hierarchical least squares algorithm that utilizes the hierarchical identification principle is proposed to enhance computational efficiency. Additionally, a key term separation technique is employed to express the system output as a linear combination of parameters, allowing the system to be decomposed into smaller subsystems for more efficient estimation of parameters. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of these proposed algorithms.

摘要在实际应用中,许多过程都具有非线性特征,需要非线性模型来准确描述。然而,构建此类模型并确定其参数是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文探讨了用于估计具有 ARMA 噪声的特定类型非线性哈默斯坦系统参数的滤波识别方法。基于辅助模型识别思想,为这类系统开发了一种基于辅助模型的最小二乘法算法。提出了一种利用分层识别原理的分层最小二乘法算法,以提高计算效率。此外,还采用了关键项分离技术,将系统输出表示为参数的线性组合,从而将系统分解为更小的子系统,以更有效地估计参数。仿真结果证明了这些拟议算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
UAV group control protocol with adaptive consensus 具有自适应共识的无人机群控协议
IF 3.9 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3868
Dmytro P. Kucherov, Guodong Jiang, Huaqing Liu, Minglei Fu

In this paper, a modified consensus protocol algorithm is proposed for controlling a group of identical unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have been subjected to interfering signals during coordinate information exchange, using an unknown parameter in the consensus protocol. The maximum levels of interfering signals in the proposed protocol were adjusted by incorporating a hysteresis function with a dead zone consistent with the initial coordinates and the interfering signal levels. An adaptation algorithm is proposed to address a priori uncertainty regarding the consensus parameters, involving the correction of an unknown parameter by eliminating control signals exhibiting false sign changes. This correction relies on the coordinates in the phase plane, indicating that the delay in maneuver execution occurs at the beginning of the maneuver. Furthermore, by modeling synchronized motion, UAV group consensus is demonstrated for an ideal case devoid of a priori uncertainty regarding control protocol parameters, interfering signals, or consequences. The convergence of the adaptation algorithm was assessed by defining a vector function to track parameter changes during tuning. The monotonically decreasing nature of the resulting curve, along with the finite duration of the tuning process, provides confirmation of the convergence of the adaptation algorithm.

摘要本文提出了一种改进的共识协议算法,用于控制一组相同的无人驾驶飞行器(UAV),这些飞行器在坐标信息交换过程中受到干扰信号的影响,共识协议中使用了一个未知参数。拟议协议中干扰信号的最大水平是通过加入一个滞后函数来调整的,该滞后函数的死区与初始坐标和干扰信号水平一致。为解决共识参数的先验不确定性,提出了一种适应算法,包括通过消除显示假信号变化的控制信号来修正未知参数。这种修正依赖于相位平面上的坐标,表明机动执行的延迟发生在机动开始时。此外,通过同步运动建模,无人飞行器群组共识在理想情况下得到了验证,即在控制协议参数、干扰信号或后果方面不存在先验不确定性。通过定义一个向量函数来跟踪调整过程中的参数变化,对适应算法的收敛性进行了评估。结果曲线的单调递减性质以及调整过程的有限持续时间证实了适应算法的收敛性。
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引用次数: 0
A two‐phase features extraction approach for BRB based fault diagnosis of electromechanical system 基于 BRB 的机电系统故障诊断两阶段特征提取方法
IF 3.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/acs.3862
Zhenjie Zhang, Wenchao Liu, Gang Xiao, Xiaobin Xu, Meng Li, Zhenbo Cheng, Yuanming Zhang, Wenming Xu, Leilei Chang
SummaryBelief rule base (BRB) is an effective nonlinear relationship modeling approach. It has been widely used in the fault diagnosis of electromechanical systems. To improve the performance of the BRB‐based diagnostic model, a two‐phase features extraction approach called CNPCA based on complex network (CN) and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed in this paper. In the first phase, the weighted visibility graph method is applied to transform the time series data of monitored variables into complex networks. Then the statistical attributes of the constructed networks are extracted as the initial features. In the second phase, the PCA method is used to process the initial features and the principal component features are obtained. After that, the CNPCA‐BRB diagnostic model for the electromechanical system is constructed. The experimental results of the elevator fault diagnosis show that the constructed diagnostic model outperforms better than the classical ones. It demonstrates that the CNPCA approach can ensure the integrity of fault information in the features and improve the separability of the fault features.
摘要信念规则库(BRB)是一种有效的非线性关系建模方法。它已被广泛应用于机电系统的故障诊断。为了提高基于信念规则库的诊断模型的性能,本文提出了一种基于复杂网络(CN)和主成分分析(PCA)的两阶段特征提取方法,即 CNPCA。在第一阶段,应用加权可见性图法将监测变量的时间序列数据转化为复杂网络。然后提取所构建网络的统计属性作为初始特征。在第二阶段,使用 PCA 方法处理初始特征并获得主成分特征。之后,构建机电系统的 CNPCA-BRB 诊断模型。电梯故障诊断的实验结果表明,所构建的诊断模型优于传统诊断模型。这表明 CNPCA 方法可以确保特征中故障信息的完整性,并提高故障特征的可分离性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing
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