Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2001)006<0113:poaati>2.0.co;2
T Wu, S Chen, C Xiao, C Wang, Q Pan, Z Wang, M Xie, Z Mao, Y Wu, R M Tanguay
Antibodies against heat shock or stress proteins (Hsps) have been reported in a number of diseases in which they may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease or may be of use for prognosis. Heat-induced diseases, such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke, are frequent in hot working or living environments. There are still few investigations on the presence and possible significance of autoantibodies against Hsps in heat-induced illnesses. Using an immunoblotting technique with recombinant human Hsps, we analyzed the presence and titers of antibodies against Hsp60, Hsp71, and Hsp90alpha, and Hsp90beta in a group of 42 young male patients who presented with acute heat-induced illness during training. We also examined the presence of antibody against Hsp71 in a second group of 57 patients with acute heat-induced illness and measured the changes in titers of anti-Hsp71 antibodies in 9 patients hospitalized by emergency physicians. In the first group of young persons exercising in a hot environment, the occurrence of antibodies against Hsp71 and Hsp90alpha was significantly higher among individuals with symptoms of heat-induced illness (P < 0.05) than in the matched group of nonaffected exercising individuals. Moreover titers of antibody against Hsp71 were higher in individuals of the severe and mild heat-induced illness groups, the highest titer being found in the most severe cases. The results from the second group of 57 heat-affected patients exposed to extreme heat were similar. Again, patients with the more severe heat-induced symptoms showed a significantly higher incidence of antibodies to Hsp71 than controls and the titer of anti-Hsp71 was higher in the severely affected group. Finally, in a study of 9 patients, it was observed that the titer of anti-Hsp71 decreased during recovery from severe heat symptoms. These results suggest that measurement of antibodies to Hsps may be useful in assessing how individuals are responding to abnormal stress within their living and working environment and may be used as one biomarker to evaluate their susceptibility to heat-induced diseases.
{"title":"Presence of antibody against the inducible Hsp71 in patients with acute heat-induced illness.","authors":"T Wu, S Chen, C Xiao, C Wang, Q Pan, Z Wang, M Xie, Z Mao, Y Wu, R M Tanguay","doi":"10.1379/1466-1268(2001)006<0113:poaati>2.0.co;2","DOIUrl":"10.1379/1466-1268(2001)006<0113:poaati>2.0.co;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibodies against heat shock or stress proteins (Hsps) have been reported in a number of diseases in which they may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease or may be of use for prognosis. Heat-induced diseases, such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke, are frequent in hot working or living environments. There are still few investigations on the presence and possible significance of autoantibodies against Hsps in heat-induced illnesses. Using an immunoblotting technique with recombinant human Hsps, we analyzed the presence and titers of antibodies against Hsp60, Hsp71, and Hsp90alpha, and Hsp90beta in a group of 42 young male patients who presented with acute heat-induced illness during training. We also examined the presence of antibody against Hsp71 in a second group of 57 patients with acute heat-induced illness and measured the changes in titers of anti-Hsp71 antibodies in 9 patients hospitalized by emergency physicians. In the first group of young persons exercising in a hot environment, the occurrence of antibodies against Hsp71 and Hsp90alpha was significantly higher among individuals with symptoms of heat-induced illness (P < 0.05) than in the matched group of nonaffected exercising individuals. Moreover titers of antibody against Hsp71 were higher in individuals of the severe and mild heat-induced illness groups, the highest titer being found in the most severe cases. The results from the second group of 57 heat-affected patients exposed to extreme heat were similar. Again, patients with the more severe heat-induced symptoms showed a significantly higher incidence of antibodies to Hsp71 than controls and the titer of anti-Hsp71 was higher in the severely affected group. Finally, in a study of 9 patients, it was observed that the titer of anti-Hsp71 decreased during recovery from severe heat symptoms. These results suggest that measurement of antibodies to Hsps may be useful in assessing how individuals are responding to abnormal stress within their living and working environment and may be used as one biomarker to evaluate their susceptibility to heat-induced diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"113-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC434388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79097815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To examine the cigar smoking perceptions and behaviors of US adults.
Methods: A national sample of 1,012 adults was interviewed by telephone.
Results: Current cigar smokers differed from nonsmokers in perceptions of personal risk for cancer and views about cigar smoking as a cancer cause. Both groups showed substantial acceptance of the glamorized image of cigarsmokers.
Conclusion: Although recognizing smoking as a cancer cause in general, cigar smokers tended to show a self-exempting "optimistic bias" with regard to perceptions of their own risks.
{"title":"Risk perception and cigar smoking behavior.","authors":"F Baker, J T Dye, M M Denniston, S R Ainsworth","doi":"10.5993/ajhb.25.2.3","DOIUrl":"10.5993/ajhb.25.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the cigar smoking perceptions and behaviors of US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A national sample of 1,012 adults was interviewed by telephone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current cigar smokers differed from nonsmokers in perceptions of personal risk for cancer and views about cigar smoking as a cancer cause. Both groups showed substantial acceptance of the glamorized image of cigarsmokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although recognizing smoking as a cancer cause in general, cigar smokers tended to show a self-exempting \"optimistic bias\" with regard to perceptions of their own risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":"106-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5993/ajhb.25.2.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79102489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living from Hand to Mouth","authors":"","doi":"10.1021/ie50104a005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50104a005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"10 8","pages":"16-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/ie50104a005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71539877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Race Is Not Always to the Swift","authors":"","doi":"10.1021/ie50134a006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50134a006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"13 2","pages":"53-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/ie50134a006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71572296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THE RATE AT WHICH TRITIUM-TAGGED DODECYLBENZEN PENETRATED THREE ASPHALT SAMPLES WAS FOLLOWED BY THINLY SLICING THE ASPHALTS AND MEASURING THE DECREASE OF RADIOACTIVITY WITH DEPTH. DIFFUSION RATE COULD BE INCREASED BY ADDING DILUENT OR RAISING THE TEMPERATURE BUT WAS UNAFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF A LEACHED PHOTOOXIDATION SKIN ON THE ASPHALT SURFACE. ONLY AN AVERAGE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT COULD BE DETERMINED FOR COMMERCIAL OIL FRACTION PENETRANTS BECAUSE CONSTITUENTS OF DIFFERENT SIZE AND MOLECULAR CONFIGURATION DIFFUSED AT DIFFERENT RATES. REJUVENATION OF OLD ASPHALT ROADS BY OVERSPRAYING WITH SUCH OILS WOULD TAKE PLACE SLOWLY AND CAN ONLY BE EFFECTIVE IF THE OIL IS PROTECTED FROM TRAFFIC BY ABSORPTION INTO PORES PRESENT IN THE PAVEMENT SURFACE. /AUTHOR/
{"title":"Diffusion of Oils in Asphalts","authors":"J. Oliver","doi":"10.1021/I360049A013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I360049A013","url":null,"abstract":"THE RATE AT WHICH TRITIUM-TAGGED DODECYLBENZEN PENETRATED THREE ASPHALT SAMPLES WAS FOLLOWED BY THINLY SLICING THE ASPHALTS AND MEASURING THE DECREASE OF RADIOACTIVITY WITH DEPTH. DIFFUSION RATE COULD BE INCREASED BY ADDING DILUENT OR RAISING THE TEMPERATURE BUT WAS UNAFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF A LEACHED PHOTOOXIDATION SKIN ON THE ASPHALT SURFACE. ONLY AN AVERAGE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT COULD BE DETERMINED FOR COMMERCIAL OIL FRACTION PENETRANTS BECAUSE CONSTITUENTS OF DIFFERENT SIZE AND MOLECULAR CONFIGURATION DIFFUSED AT DIFFERENT RATES. REJUVENATION OF OLD ASPHALT ROADS BY OVERSPRAYING WITH SUCH OILS WOULD TAKE PLACE SLOWLY AND CAN ONLY BE EFFECTIVE IF THE OIL IS PROTECTED FROM TRAFFIC BY ABSORPTION INTO PORES PRESENT IN THE PAVEMENT SURFACE. /AUTHOR/","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"52 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/I360049A013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57662164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial. What's in a Name?","authors":"","doi":"10.1021/ie50100a003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50100a003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"10 4","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/ie50100a003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71527387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of temperature (600 to 1500 K), pressure (1 to 60 atm), and air/fuel ratio (13.0 to 17.0) on the equilibrium composition of automotive exhaust gas is calculated by minimizing the total free energy with the assumption that the outlet components are known. Nitrogen oxides, principally as nitric oxide, appear to be formed in combustion chamber zones with high temperatures (1800 to 2000 K) and relatively high air/fuel ratios. Nitrogen oxide elimination, although easier in a reducing atmosphere, appears also possible in an oxidizing atmosphere. Ammonia formation, although negligible in the combustion chamber, appears significant at operating conditions of a highly efficient reducing catalyst. Its formation is favored at low temperatures and high pressures if the air/fuel ratio is less than stoichiometric or at high temperatures if the air/fuel ratio is greater than than stoichiometric. Carbon monoxide concentration decreases with increasing air/fuel ratios and increases with the temperature for a fixed air/fuel ratio. Its concentration is determined not only by the water-gas shift reaction but also by other reactions. The most oxidation-resistant hydrocarbons are methane, acetylene, ethylene, and benzene. Among the aldehydes, formaldehyde shows the highest concentrations for the oxidized hydrocarbon fraction.
{"title":"CALCULATION OF EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION OF AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST GASES","authors":"R. Grosso","doi":"10.1021/I260047A032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I260047A032","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of temperature (600 to 1500 K), pressure (1 to 60 atm), and air/fuel ratio (13.0 to 17.0) on the equilibrium composition of automotive exhaust gas is calculated by minimizing the total free energy with the assumption that the outlet components are known. Nitrogen oxides, principally as nitric oxide, appear to be formed in combustion chamber zones with high temperatures (1800 to 2000 K) and relatively high air/fuel ratios. Nitrogen oxide elimination, although easier in a reducing atmosphere, appears also possible in an oxidizing atmosphere. Ammonia formation, although negligible in the combustion chamber, appears significant at operating conditions of a highly efficient reducing catalyst. Its formation is favored at low temperatures and high pressures if the air/fuel ratio is less than stoichiometric or at high temperatures if the air/fuel ratio is greater than than stoichiometric. Carbon monoxide concentration decreases with increasing air/fuel ratios and increases with the temperature for a fixed air/fuel ratio. Its concentration is determined not only by the water-gas shift reaction but also by other reactions. The most oxidation-resistant hydrocarbons are methane, acetylene, ethylene, and benzene. Among the aldehydes, formaldehyde shows the highest concentrations for the oxidized hydrocarbon fraction.","PeriodicalId":50368,"journal":{"name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"788 1","pages":"390-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/I260047A032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57661071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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