Canadian exports of softwood lumber to the USA have long been a source of conflict. As the last Softwood Lumber Agreement expired, we examined this issue as a University class project in forest policy. This text presents our analysis of the history of this conflict and the positions of various actors, along with our twenty-year plan for resolving this conflict. Our strategy is in three phases, corresponding to our expectations of future events: five years of conflict and negotiation that we should use to prepare certain changes in our forest sector; ten years under a new agreement during which we can implement these changes; followed by another conflict that we hope Canada will win, resulting in lumber becoming just another traded commodity. Our policy has four key elements: a gradual transition to market-price systems for 55% of public forest lumber volume; an expansion of value-added transformation and diversification of products; a reduction of softwood lumber production; and, a coordination role for t...
{"title":"The softwood lumber dispute: Is a solution possible?","authors":"BarriaultFrancis, BellavanceFrançois, Dutil-SeguinJulien, GagnéCatherine, GendronAlexandre, HartonPierre-Louis, Robillard-CogliastroVincent, WyattStephen","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-005","url":null,"abstract":"Canadian exports of softwood lumber to the USA have long been a source of conflict. As the last Softwood Lumber Agreement expired, we examined this issue as a University class project in forest policy. This text presents our analysis of the history of this conflict and the positions of various actors, along with our twenty-year plan for resolving this conflict. Our strategy is in three phases, corresponding to our expectations of future events: five years of conflict and negotiation that we should use to prepare certain changes in our forest sector; ten years under a new agreement during which we can implement these changes; followed by another conflict that we hope Canada will win, resulting in lumber becoming just another traded commodity. Our policy has four key elements: a gradual transition to market-price systems for 55% of public forest lumber volume; an expansion of value-added transformation and diversification of products; a reduction of softwood lumber production; and, a coordination role for t...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48600596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul A. Robitaille, C. Shahi, M.A. (Peggy) Smith, N. Luckai
While a great deal of recent research has focused on opportunities for Indigenous participation in Canada’s forest sector, relatively little has explored how to translate various lessons learned into inclusive and mutually-beneficial collaborative processes. Through a review of recent peer-reviewed literature examining Indigenous participation in forest management and development, this paper seeks to fill the current knowledge gap by proposing a set of five principles, with twentythree underlying supporting mechanisms, that can be adopted by Indigenous communities, resource managers and government policy makers to help facilitate meaningful collaboration within the forest sector. These principles include: building respectful relationships; broad community engagement; bridging knowledge and value systems; flexible and holistic management systems; and clear and relevant measures of success. Although the proposed principles may be implemented either individually or in various combinations, to both improve ex...
{"title":"Growing together: A principle-based approach to building collaborative Indigenous partnerships in Canada’s forest sector","authors":"Paul A. Robitaille, C. Shahi, M.A. (Peggy) Smith, N. Luckai","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-010","url":null,"abstract":"While a great deal of recent research has focused on opportunities for Indigenous participation in Canada’s forest sector, relatively little has explored how to translate various lessons learned into inclusive and mutually-beneficial collaborative processes. Through a review of recent peer-reviewed literature examining Indigenous participation in forest management and development, this paper seeks to fill the current knowledge gap by proposing a set of five principles, with twentythree underlying supporting mechanisms, that can be adopted by Indigenous communities, resource managers and government policy makers to help facilitate meaningful collaboration within the forest sector. These principles include: building respectful relationships; broad community engagement; bridging knowledge and value systems; flexible and holistic management systems; and clear and relevant measures of success. Although the proposed principles may be implemented either individually or in various combinations, to both improve ex...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tristan R. H. Goodbody, N. Coops, Peter L. Marshall, P. Tompalski, Patrick Crawford
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are capable of improving the efficiency of acquisition and providing fine spatial scale data for sustainable resource management. In this paper we begin by describing differences between UAS airframes, their successes and limitations, and list contemporary research applications. UAS compatible sensor technologies are discussed, including passive and active sensors. Finally, we detail a case study where UAS updated an Enhanced Forest Inventory (EFI) for a study area in interior British Columbia. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) from 2013 and Digital Aerial Photogrammetric (DAP) point clouds acquired using a UAS from 2015 were used to estimate individual tree height and volume increments. A total of 246 trees were detected using Canopy Height Models (CHMs) with 70% of these trees being matched in the ALS and DAP data sets. Mean tree growth between 2013 and 2015 from the CHM and 95th percentile of height (P95) was estimated at 0.68 ± 0.05 and 0.50 m ± 0.05 m, respectively. Similarl...
{"title":"Unmanned aerial systems for precision forest inventory purposes: A review and case study","authors":"Tristan R. H. Goodbody, N. Coops, Peter L. Marshall, P. Tompalski, Patrick Crawford","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-012","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are capable of improving the efficiency of acquisition and providing fine spatial scale data for sustainable resource management. In this paper we begin by describing differences between UAS airframes, their successes and limitations, and list contemporary research applications. UAS compatible sensor technologies are discussed, including passive and active sensors. Finally, we detail a case study where UAS updated an Enhanced Forest Inventory (EFI) for a study area in interior British Columbia. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) from 2013 and Digital Aerial Photogrammetric (DAP) point clouds acquired using a UAS from 2015 were used to estimate individual tree height and volume increments. A total of 246 trees were detected using Canopy Height Models (CHMs) with 70% of these trees being matched in the ALS and DAP data sets. Mean tree growth between 2013 and 2015 from the CHM and 95th percentile of height (P95) was estimated at 0.68 ± 0.05 and 0.50 m ± 0.05 m, respectively. Similarl...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41929068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continued investment in tree improvement (TI) in Alberta is currently at a crossroads despite the demonstrated benefits of TI worldwide. According to private industry, the major roadblock for further investment is the minimal amount of genetic gain currently recognized in the annual allowable cut (AAC) set by the provincial government. In order to better understand the key parameters that drive profitability in TI programs, we developed the “Tree Improvement Investment for Forestry in Alberta” valuation model (TIIFA). Besides the large effect of the annual discount rate, sensitivity analyses using the TIIFA model revealed that not only genetic gain, but also the area on which improved seed is deployed represent key parameters influencing the profitability of TI programs. Furthermore, results show that the benefits of TI programs largely outweigh associated program costs, whether they were set at $1, $3 or $5 million dollars per decade. We conclude that despite the current levels of genetic gain recognized...
{"title":"Forest industry investment in tree improvement – a wise business decision or a bottomless pit? Answers from a new tree improvement valuation model for Alberta, Canada","authors":"G. SchreiberStefan, R. ThomasBarb","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-009","url":null,"abstract":"Continued investment in tree improvement (TI) in Alberta is currently at a crossroads despite the demonstrated benefits of TI worldwide. According to private industry, the major roadblock for further investment is the minimal amount of genetic gain currently recognized in the annual allowable cut (AAC) set by the provincial government. In order to better understand the key parameters that drive profitability in TI programs, we developed the “Tree Improvement Investment for Forestry in Alberta” valuation model (TIIFA). Besides the large effect of the annual discount rate, sensitivity analyses using the TIIFA model revealed that not only genetic gain, but also the area on which improved seed is deployed represent key parameters influencing the profitability of TI programs. Furthermore, results show that the benefits of TI programs largely outweigh associated program costs, whether they were set at $1, $3 or $5 million dollars per decade. We conclude that despite the current levels of genetic gain recognized...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Site index is an important parameter in forest management. Selecting good site trees is critical for both developing and applying models to estimate site index. Along with other characteristics, site trees must be free of damage so that the growth of the tree reflects the potential productivity of the site. Detecting and avoiding leader damage in site trees is very difficult because radial stem growth eventually hides the damage, even in young trees. This project quantifies the loss in height growth due to hidden leader damage. Thirty-seven lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) site trees were destructively sampled. Annual height growth was measured and incidents of leader damage noted. Height growth was modelled in a mixed-effects framework and allowed for growth reductions due to leader damage. Height growth was reduced on average by 35% in the year the damage occurred and by 15% in the year after the damage event. Height growth returned to normal in subsequent years. The effect of leader damag...
{"title":"The effect of leader damage on lodgepole pine site tree height growth","authors":"NighGord","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-008","url":null,"abstract":"Site index is an important parameter in forest management. Selecting good site trees is critical for both developing and applying models to estimate site index. Along with other characteristics, site trees must be free of damage so that the growth of the tree reflects the potential productivity of the site. Detecting and avoiding leader damage in site trees is very difficult because radial stem growth eventually hides the damage, even in young trees. This project quantifies the loss in height growth due to hidden leader damage. Thirty-seven lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) site trees were destructively sampled. Annual height growth was measured and incidents of leader damage noted. Height growth was modelled in a mixed-effects framework and allowed for growth reductions due to leader damage. Height growth was reduced on average by 35% in the year the damage occurred and by 15% in the year after the damage event. Height growth returned to normal in subsequent years. The effect of leader damag...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing demand for bioenergy has raised concerns about the sustainability of intensive forest biomass removal. Less attention has been paid to the ash generated when forest biomass is combusted to produce energy. In Canada, this ash is often landfilled, but in some countries, wood ash is applied to the soil to maintain or improve soil fertility and forest health. AshNet is a network of Canadian scientists, foresters, policy makers and industry representatives that has formed to address opportunities for and challenges to the use of wood ash as a forest soil amendment. To date, AshNet collaborators have produced a guide to navigating the regulatory approval process, and completed a techno-economic analysis of the costs associated with landfilling wood ash versus using it as a forest soil amendment. Practical methods for optimizing ash quality and applying it on forested sites are being investigated. Applications of wood ash are also being examined as a tool for emulating some of the effects of wildfire...
{"title":"AshNet: Facilitating the use of wood ash as a forest soil amendment in Canada","authors":"VenierL., HopeE., McKenneyD., AllenD.","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-006","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for bioenergy has raised concerns about the sustainability of intensive forest biomass removal. Less attention has been paid to the ash generated when forest biomass is combusted to produce energy. In Canada, this ash is often landfilled, but in some countries, wood ash is applied to the soil to maintain or improve soil fertility and forest health. AshNet is a network of Canadian scientists, foresters, policy makers and industry representatives that has formed to address opportunities for and challenges to the use of wood ash as a forest soil amendment. To date, AshNet collaborators have produced a guide to navigating the regulatory approval process, and completed a techno-economic analysis of the costs associated with landfilling wood ash versus using it as a forest soil amendment. Practical methods for optimizing ash quality and applying it on forested sites are being investigated. Applications of wood ash are also being examined as a tool for emulating some of the effects of wildfire...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47034981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ontario’s forest sector has been undergoing a significant structural shift resulting from a more than decade-long trend of declining markets for traditional products. Though there have been signs of industry recovery, the forestry industry is still far smaller than it once was. In order to sustain and improve Ontario’s economic position, we must develop policies and supporting programs that transition our forest economy to a more robust and diverse set of markets, including capitalizing on opportunities that come from a thriving and sustainable forest bioeconomy. The current suite of programs is fragmented and does not provide support for all types of bioproducts and policy initiatives, nor across all sections of the value chain. These factors, coupled with the lack of a clear strategic direction for the bioeconomy, have contributed to Ontario’s slow emergence into the bioeconomy when compared to other jurisdictions. It is proposed that a key way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of policy suppo...
{"title":"Forest bioeconomy in Ontario – A policy discussion","authors":"MajumdarI., MaureJ., Saleemi, HalaszJ., MuttonJ.","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-007","url":null,"abstract":"Ontario’s forest sector has been undergoing a significant structural shift resulting from a more than decade-long trend of declining markets for traditional products. Though there have been signs of industry recovery, the forestry industry is still far smaller than it once was. In order to sustain and improve Ontario’s economic position, we must develop policies and supporting programs that transition our forest economy to a more robust and diverse set of markets, including capitalizing on opportunities that come from a thriving and sustainable forest bioeconomy. The current suite of programs is fragmented and does not provide support for all types of bioproducts and policy initiatives, nor across all sections of the value chain. These factors, coupled with the lack of a clear strategic direction for the bioeconomy, have contributed to Ontario’s slow emergence into the bioeconomy when compared to other jurisdictions. It is proposed that a key way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of policy suppo...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47193666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Jonathan, BissonnetteJean-François, DuprasJérôme
La gouvernance forestiere au Quebec a subi de multiples mutations au cours des dernieres decennies. D’un regime forestier qui favorisait les acteurs industriels, le gouvernement quebecois a progressivement integre toute une variete d’acteurs locaux et regionaux. Au printemps 2015, le gouvernement adoptait cependant un projet de loi entrainant l’abolition de plusieurs structures de developpement regional, notamment les Conferences regionales des elus (CRE) qui etaient investies de responsabilites en ce domaine. Cet article presente les resultats d’une etude visant a mieux comprendre les impacts de cette decision sur la participation publique au sein des lieux de concertation propres au milieu forestier. La recherche s’appuie sur une analyse documentaire ainsi que sur 37 entretiens semi-directifs realises dans quatre regions du Quebec. Parmi les constats qui emergent, mentionnons le desir quasi unanime de maintenir une concertation regionale autour des enjeux forestiers et la confiance limitee des intervena...
{"title":"La participation publique dans la gestion des forêts du Québec : Réorganisation de la concertation régionale dans un contexte institutionnel en transition","authors":"T. Jonathan, BissonnetteJean-François, DuprasJérôme","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-011","url":null,"abstract":"La gouvernance forestiere au Quebec a subi de multiples mutations au cours des dernieres decennies. D’un regime forestier qui favorisait les acteurs industriels, le gouvernement quebecois a progressivement integre toute une variete d’acteurs locaux et regionaux. Au printemps 2015, le gouvernement adoptait cependant un projet de loi entrainant l’abolition de plusieurs structures de developpement regional, notamment les Conferences regionales des elus (CRE) qui etaient investies de responsabilites en ce domaine. Cet article presente les resultats d’une etude visant a mieux comprendre les impacts de cette decision sur la participation publique au sein des lieux de concertation propres au milieu forestier. La recherche s’appuie sur une analyse documentaire ainsi que sur 37 entretiens semi-directifs realises dans quatre regions du Quebec. Parmi les constats qui emergent, mentionnons le desir quasi unanime de maintenir une concertation regionale autour des enjeux forestiers et la confiance limitee des intervena...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Evolution of Forest Management in Canada: Management Paradigms and Forest Tenure Systems","authors":"RotherhamTony","doi":"10.5558/TFC2016-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2016-071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2016-071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70892762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：