Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1163/14219980-bja10001
Cate Twining-Ward, Jorge Ramos Luna, J. Back, Joselyne Barakagwira, J. Bicca‐Marques, Mathilde Chanvin, Nona Diko, J. Duboscq, Pengfei Fan, Carmen Galán‐Acedo, J. Gogarten, Songtao Guo, Diana C Guzmán-Caro, Rong Hou, Urs Kalbitzer, B. Kaplin, Sean M. Lee, Addisu Mekonnen, Paulin Mungongo, H. Nautiyal, P. Omeja, Veronarindra Ramananjato, N. N. Raoelinjanakolona, O. Razafindratsima, Cécile Sarabian, D. Sarkar, J. C. Serio‐Silva, Risma Yanti, C. Chapman
Historically, Internet access has been linked to a country’s wealth. However, starting a decade ago, this situation changed dramatically and Internet access became increasingly available in primate range countries. The rapid growth of smartphone use in developing nations has created new avenues to communicate conservation. Here we assess the potential of social media to promote primate conservation at the local level within primate range countries. We interviewed 381 people in communities associated with 18 conservation projects from 11 countries to assess their use of social media. We found that 91% of the people had at least one social media account and 95% of these people checked their accounts daily. The median number of contacts per person across all platforms was 453 and 300 considering only each person’s most used platform. We also documented that local conservation projects had a diversity of information they wanted to relay to the local community through social media. Our research highlights the potential for social media to be an extremely useful communication tool for tropical conservation scientists. Thus, we encourage more conservation groups to explore using social media to communicate to local communities and to report on the impact it has on conservation.
{"title":"Social media’s potential to promote conservation at the local level: an assessment in eleven primate range countries","authors":"Cate Twining-Ward, Jorge Ramos Luna, J. Back, Joselyne Barakagwira, J. Bicca‐Marques, Mathilde Chanvin, Nona Diko, J. Duboscq, Pengfei Fan, Carmen Galán‐Acedo, J. Gogarten, Songtao Guo, Diana C Guzmán-Caro, Rong Hou, Urs Kalbitzer, B. Kaplin, Sean M. Lee, Addisu Mekonnen, Paulin Mungongo, H. Nautiyal, P. Omeja, Veronarindra Ramananjato, N. N. Raoelinjanakolona, O. Razafindratsima, Cécile Sarabian, D. Sarkar, J. C. Serio‐Silva, Risma Yanti, C. Chapman","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Historically, Internet access has been linked to a country’s wealth. However, starting a decade ago, this situation changed dramatically and Internet access became increasingly available in primate range countries. The rapid growth of smartphone use in developing nations has created new avenues to communicate conservation. Here we assess the potential of social media to promote primate conservation at the local level within primate range countries. We interviewed 381 people in communities associated with 18 conservation projects from 11 countries to assess their use of social media. We found that 91% of the people had at least one social media account and 95% of these people checked their accounts daily. The median number of contacts per person across all platforms was 453 and 300 considering only each person’s most used platform. We also documented that local conservation projects had a diversity of information they wanted to relay to the local community through social media. Our research highlights the potential for social media to be an extremely useful communication tool for tropical conservation scientists. Thus, we encourage more conservation groups to explore using social media to communicate to local communities and to report on the impact it has on conservation.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210902
M. Hidalgo-Mihart, A. González-Gallina, Jesús A. Iglesias-Hernández, Neftali Mendoza-Cárdenas, F. Pérez-Garduza, A. Oliveras de Ita, A. Chacón-Hernández, O. Vázquez-Zúñiga
There are few highways in Mexico that have built canopy bridges as a mitigation strategy for maintaining connectivity of arboreal fauna. Main target species have been primates, both, howler (Allouatta pigra, A. palliata) and spider monkeys (Atteles geofforyi), as well as several other arboreal priority species such as the kinkajou (Potos flavus), the northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) and the Mexican hairy porcupine (Sphiggurus mexicanus). The Nuevo Xcan-Playa del Carmen highway built 22 canopy bridges along its 54 km length. All bridges were surveyed using camera traps installed at both ends and after an 8,418 trap/night effort, 10 records of four mammal species were recorded using the canopy bridges: the kinkajou, opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and squirrels (Sciurus deppei and S. yucatanensis). More monitoring is required to properly assess the effectiveness of these mitigation measures, as the need for cost/benefit feedback is necessary to enhance further mitigation in this or other projects. Also, long term monitoring is required for properly assessing the use patterns of species. The current study was shortly after the infrastructure became operational, so it covers the adaptation period for several species but its insufficient to properly assess the current use.
{"title":"Mammal use of canopy bridges along the Nuevo Xcan-Playa del Carmen highway, Quintana Roo, Mexico","authors":"M. Hidalgo-Mihart, A. González-Gallina, Jesús A. Iglesias-Hernández, Neftali Mendoza-Cárdenas, F. Pérez-Garduza, A. Oliveras de Ita, A. Chacón-Hernández, O. Vázquez-Zúñiga","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20210902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20210902","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There are few highways in Mexico that have built canopy bridges as a mitigation strategy for maintaining connectivity of arboreal fauna. Main target species have been primates, both, howler (Allouatta pigra, A. palliata) and spider monkeys (Atteles geofforyi), as well as several other arboreal priority species such as the kinkajou (Potos flavus), the northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) and the Mexican hairy porcupine (Sphiggurus mexicanus). The Nuevo Xcan-Playa del Carmen highway built 22 canopy bridges along its 54 km length. All bridges were surveyed using camera traps installed at both ends and after an 8,418 trap/night effort, 10 records of four mammal species were recorded using the canopy bridges: the kinkajou, opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and squirrels (Sciurus deppei and S. yucatanensis). More monitoring is required to properly assess the effectiveness of these mitigation measures, as the need for cost/benefit feedback is necessary to enhance further mitigation in this or other projects. Also, long term monitoring is required for properly assessing the use patterns of species. The current study was shortly after the infrastructure became operational, so it covers the adaptation period for several species but its insufficient to properly assess the current use.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211206
C. C. Gestich, J. Gonçalves, Bruno H. Saranholi, P. D. Freitas, P. M. Galetti
Forest-dependent species are among the most threatened species due to landscape changes, and this is the case of the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita), an Atlantic Forest endemic primate. Besides its extensive habitat reduction across Atlantic Forest, the species suffers from the negative impact of the presence of non-native congeners that threatens its local populations due to competition and hybridization events. Knowing the population status of this endangered species is important to guide conservation efforts. Thus, we estimated the population density of C. aurita and recorded the presence of invasive Callithrix species and Callithrix hybrids in Serra do Japi, a large forest remnant with mountainous terrain within the most human-populated region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. We surveyed a 14.8 km2 area with 387.2 km of survey effort. We estimated a sighting rate of 4.4 groups/10 km walked. The maximum number of individuals recorded per group ranged from 7 to 12. We identified 15 groups throughout the sampled area, totalling 1.01 groups/km2. Two individuals from two distinct groups presented body pelage characteristic of hybrids between C. aurita and other Callithrix species. No individuals of other Callithrix species were recorded within the surveyed area. Considering the total size of this remnant and the potential population size of C. aurita inhabiting this area, this local population may be an important source of individuals for helping the conservation and long-term persistence of the species. However, the presence of Callithrix hybrids in the area is worrying and may threaten the local native population. Our study reinforces the concern with C. aurita conservation and the need for studies focused on the management of hybrids and invasive Callithrix species. Mitigation measures should be directed to readily control hybridization to keep this large population of Serra do Japi safe.
由于景观变化，依赖森林的物种是最受威胁的物种之一，这就是大西洋森林特有灵长类动物——棕褐色簇绒耳狨（Callithrix aurita）的情况。除了大西洋森林的栖息地大面积减少外，该物种还受到非本土同源物存在的负面影响，由于竞争和杂交事件，这些同源物威胁到了当地种群。了解这种濒危物种的种群状况对于指导保护工作非常重要。因此，我们估计了C.aurita的种群密度，并记录了入侵Callithrix物种和Callithrixs杂交种在Serra do Japi的存在，Serra do Japi是巴西圣保罗州人口最多地区的一个山区大型森林遗迹。我们对14.8平方公里的区域进行了387.2公里的调查。我们估计每走10公里就有4.4组人被发现。每组记录的最大个体数为7至12个。我们在整个采样区域确定了15个组，总计1.01个组/km2。来自两个不同类群的两个个体呈现出金合欢和其他Callithrix物种杂交的体羽特征。调查区域内未记录到其他Callithrix物种的个体。考虑到这一遗迹的总规模和居住在该地区的金耳C.aurita的潜在种群规模，这一当地种群可能是帮助保护和长期维持该物种的重要个体来源。然而，该地区卡利特里斯杂交种的存在令人担忧，并可能威胁到当地的本地人口。我们的研究加强了人们对金合欢保护的关注，以及对杂交种和入侵卡利特里斯种管理研究的必要性。应采取缓解措施，随时控制杂交，以确保日本Serra种群的安全。
{"title":"Population estimates of the endangered Callithrix aurita and Callithrix hybrids records in a large Atlantic Forest remnant","authors":"C. C. Gestich, J. Gonçalves, Bruno H. Saranholi, P. D. Freitas, P. M. Galetti","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20211206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20211206","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Forest-dependent species are among the most threatened species due to landscape changes, and this is the case of the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita), an Atlantic Forest endemic primate. Besides its extensive habitat reduction across Atlantic Forest, the species suffers from the negative impact of the presence of non-native congeners that threatens its local populations due to competition and hybridization events. Knowing the population status of this endangered species is important to guide conservation efforts. Thus, we estimated the population density of C. aurita and recorded the presence of invasive Callithrix species and Callithrix hybrids in Serra do Japi, a large forest remnant with mountainous terrain within the most human-populated region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. We surveyed a 14.8 km2 area with 387.2 km of survey effort. We estimated a sighting rate of 4.4 groups/10 km walked. The maximum number of individuals recorded per group ranged from 7 to 12. We identified 15 groups throughout the sampled area, totalling 1.01 groups/km2. Two individuals from two distinct groups presented body pelage characteristic of hybrids between C. aurita and other Callithrix species. No individuals of other Callithrix species were recorded within the surveyed area. Considering the total size of this remnant and the potential population size of C. aurita inhabiting this area, this local population may be an important source of individuals for helping the conservation and long-term persistence of the species. However, the presence of Callithrix hybrids in the area is worrying and may threaten the local native population. Our study reinforces the concern with C. aurita conservation and the need for studies focused on the management of hybrids and invasive Callithrix species. Mitigation measures should be directed to readily control hybridization to keep this large population of Serra do Japi safe.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48288889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211102
Reiko Matsuda Goodwin, A. Galat-Luong, G. Galat
We report the presence of at least one putative hybrid monkey, white-naped mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus) × olive baboon (Papio anubis), at Comoé National Park (CNP) in north-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. C. lunulatus and P. anubis belong to two separate clades within the African Papionini (Papionina), which is known to display a complex pattern of evolutionary history involving ancient and recent hybridization. CNP is a bushy savanna-dominated protected area home to 12–13 primate species. Only about 9–11 % of the land cover is forest. C. lunulatus is an Endangered species while P. anubis is a Least Concern species. While conducting a reconnaissance survey on June 23, 2019, the first author observed and photographed a mangabey-baboon hybrid-like juvenile male monkey (2019A). At the same area where 2019A was photographed, a camera trap (CT) captured a video of a hybrid-like juvenile male monkey (2021B) on January 14, 2021, and another nearby CT captured a video of a slightly older hybrid-like juvenile male monkey (2021C) on May 23, 2021. Because there are reported cases of hybrids in captivity that occurred between the members of the two separate clades of the Papionini, the discovery of such intergeneric hybrids in the wild would not be surprising. We examine the idiosyncratic features of the putative hybrids and discuss the implication for conservation and future directions for research, considering the potential interacting factors that may lead to intergeneric hybridization. Specifically, to assess genetic population structure within C. lunulatus and P. anubis and to clarify the degree of gene flow among the two species, collecting biological matter from the putative hybrids, mangabeys, and baboons is necessary. Also, to elucidate the circumstances that might have stimulated hybridization, examining changes that might have occurred in the two species’ ecology and demography is essential.
{"title":"Putative white-naped mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus) × olive baboon (Papio anubis) hybrids from Comoé National Park in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Reiko Matsuda Goodwin, A. Galat-Luong, G. Galat","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20211102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20211102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We report the presence of at least one putative hybrid monkey, white-naped mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus) × olive baboon (Papio anubis), at Comoé National Park (CNP) in north-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. C. lunulatus and P. anubis belong to two separate clades within the African Papionini (Papionina), which is known to display a complex pattern of evolutionary history involving ancient and recent hybridization. CNP is a bushy savanna-dominated protected area home to 12–13 primate species. Only about 9–11 % of the land cover is forest. C. lunulatus is an Endangered species while P. anubis is a Least Concern species. While conducting a reconnaissance survey on June 23, 2019, the first author observed and photographed a mangabey-baboon hybrid-like juvenile male monkey (2019A). At the same area where 2019A was photographed, a camera trap (CT) captured a video of a hybrid-like juvenile male monkey (2021B) on January 14, 2021, and another nearby CT captured a video of a slightly older hybrid-like juvenile male monkey (2021C) on May 23, 2021. Because there are reported cases of hybrids in captivity that occurred between the members of the two separate clades of the Papionini, the discovery of such intergeneric hybrids in the wild would not be surprising. We examine the idiosyncratic features of the putative hybrids and discuss the implication for conservation and future directions for research, considering the potential interacting factors that may lead to intergeneric hybridization. Specifically, to assess genetic population structure within C. lunulatus and P. anubis and to clarify the degree of gene flow among the two species, collecting biological matter from the putative hybrids, mangabeys, and baboons is necessary. Also, to elucidate the circumstances that might have stimulated hybridization, examining changes that might have occurred in the two species’ ecology and demography is essential.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41556081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211110
Sebastian Ow, Sharon Chan, Yuet Hsin Toh, S. Chan, Jayasri Lakshminarayanan, Sabrina Jabbar, A. Ang, Adrian Loo
Roads that dissect natural habitats present risks to wildlife, creating gaps or barriers which animals have to traverse in order to move within and between their habitats. Restoring habitat connectivity can be achieved naturally by planting trees and vines to reconnect forest gaps, or artificially by creating culverts for small ground vertebrates, building overpasses for large terrestrial animals, or installing canopy bridges for arboreal fauna. The 3-km Old Upper Thomson Road borders the eastern side of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve in Singapore, and isolates it from neighbouring forest patches. To facilitate safe crossing for tree-dwelling animals such as the critically endangered Raffles’ banded langurs (Presbytis femoralis) along Old Upper Thomson Road, two rope bridges were installed. We monitored the use of these rope bridges by vertebrates from April 2020 to August 2021 through surveillance cameras attached on one end of each bridge. A total of 64 118 videos were processed, with 6218 (9.70%) containing vertebrates. Seven species, including three primates, two squirrels and two reptiles, utilised the bridges to travel between the forests. In particular, Raffles’ banded langurs made a total of 293 successful crossings. We have shown that these rope bridges are useful for arboreal species and can complement national efforts to restore connectivity in fragmented habitats.
{"title":"Bridging the gap: assessing the effectiveness of rope bridges for wildlife in Singapore","authors":"Sebastian Ow, Sharon Chan, Yuet Hsin Toh, S. Chan, Jayasri Lakshminarayanan, Sabrina Jabbar, A. Ang, Adrian Loo","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20211110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20211110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Roads that dissect natural habitats present risks to wildlife, creating gaps or barriers which animals have to traverse in order to move within and between their habitats. Restoring habitat connectivity can be achieved naturally by planting trees and vines to reconnect forest gaps, or artificially by creating culverts for small ground vertebrates, building overpasses for large terrestrial animals, or installing canopy bridges for arboreal fauna. The 3-km Old Upper Thomson Road borders the eastern side of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve in Singapore, and isolates it from neighbouring forest patches. To facilitate safe crossing for tree-dwelling animals such as the critically endangered Raffles’ banded langurs (Presbytis femoralis) along Old Upper Thomson Road, two rope bridges were installed. We monitored the use of these rope bridges by vertebrates from April 2020 to August 2021 through surveillance cameras attached on one end of each bridge. A total of 64 118 videos were processed, with 6218 (9.70%) containing vertebrates. Seven species, including three primates, two squirrels and two reptiles, utilised the bridges to travel between the forests. In particular, Raffles’ banded langurs made a total of 293 successful crossings. We have shown that these rope bridges are useful for arboreal species and can complement national efforts to restore connectivity in fragmented habitats.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211109
Eleanor Flatt, Arianna Basto, C. Pinto, Johan Ortiz, Kassandra Navarro, Neil T. Reed, Hilary Brumberg, M. Chaverri, A. Whitworth
Linear infrastructures, especially roads, affect the integrity of natural habitats worldwide. Roads act as a barrier to animal movement, cause mortality, decrease gene flow and increase the probability of local extinctions, particularly for arboreal species. Arboreal wildlife bridges increase connectivity of fragmented forests by allowing wildlife to safely traverse roads. However, the majority of studies about such infrastructure are from Australia, while information on lowland tropical rainforest systems in Meso and South America remains sparse. To better facilitate potential movement between forest areas for the arboreal wildlife community of Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula, we installed and monitored the early use of 12 arboreal wildlife bridges of three different designs (single rope, double rope, and ladder bridges). We show that during the first 6 months of monitoring via camera traps, 7 of the 12 bridges were used, and all bridge designs experienced wildlife activity (mammals crossing and birds perching). A total of 5 mammal species crossing and 3 bird species perching were observed. In addition to preliminary results of wildlife usage, we also provide technical information on the bridge site selection process, bridge construction steps, installation time, and overall associated costs of each design. Finally, we highlight aspects to be tested in the future, including additional bridge designs, monitoring approaches, and the use of wildlife attractants.
{"title":"Arboreal wildlife bridges in the tropical rainforest of Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula","authors":"Eleanor Flatt, Arianna Basto, C. Pinto, Johan Ortiz, Kassandra Navarro, Neil T. Reed, Hilary Brumberg, M. Chaverri, A. Whitworth","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20211109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20211109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Linear infrastructures, especially roads, affect the integrity of natural habitats worldwide. Roads act as a barrier to animal movement, cause mortality, decrease gene flow and increase the probability of local extinctions, particularly for arboreal species. Arboreal wildlife bridges increase connectivity of fragmented forests by allowing wildlife to safely traverse roads. However, the majority of studies about such infrastructure are from Australia, while information on lowland tropical rainforest systems in Meso and South America remains sparse. To better facilitate potential movement between forest areas for the arboreal wildlife community of Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula, we installed and monitored the early use of 12 arboreal wildlife bridges of three different designs (single rope, double rope, and ladder bridges). We show that during the first 6 months of monitoring via camera traps, 7 of the 12 bridges were used, and all bridge designs experienced wildlife activity (mammals crossing and birds perching). A total of 5 mammal species crossing and 3 bird species perching were observed. In addition to preliminary results of wildlife usage, we also provide technical information on the bridge site selection process, bridge construction steps, installation time, and overall associated costs of each design. Finally, we highlight aspects to be tested in the future, including additional bridge designs, monitoring approaches, and the use of wildlife attractants.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42843047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211105
Jo Leen Yap, N. Rosely, M. Mahadzir, Mark Louis Benedict, Vikneswaran Muniandy, Nadine Ruppert
Roads negatively affect wildlife populations globally, causing habitat fragmentation that can facilitate mortality by access to forest for poaching and wildlife collisions with vehicles. Primate habitats are vulnerable to fragmentation exposing them to anthropogenic threats. Endangered dusky langurs (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Malaysia are often found in urban areas and have been frequent victims of vehicle collisions. To mitigate the hazardous impact of a busy asphalt road on wild dusky langurs in Teluk Bahang, Penang, we built the first artificial road canopy bridge in Malaysia in February 2019 to assist arboreal wildlife to move between habitat fragments more safely. Four days after the bridge construction, the first long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) was recorded via a camera trap crossing the bridge, and plantain squirrels (Callosciurus notatus) and dusky langurs first crossed one and eight months later, respectively. The bridge was upgraded from a single-firehose rope to a double-rope in August 2020 to assess the effectiveness of the two designs. In total, 2128 animal crossings comprising three mammal species were recorded between March 2019 and May 2021. Plantain squirrels crossed the bridge most frequently with 2075 crossings, long-tailed macaques crossed 32 times, and dusky langurs 21 times. There was a significant difference in bridge use according to species between the two designs (Chi-Square, p < 0.001). Since the construction of the bridge, the rate of previously frequently reported primate roadkills near the bridge location has dropped to zero. This successful pilot project has spurred the efforts to implement more canopy bridges country-wide to support primate conservation efforts and better protect arboreal wildlife from the negative impacts of linear infrastructure.
{"title":"“Ah Lai’s Crossing” – Malaysia’s first artificial road canopy bridge to facilitate safer arboreal wildlife crossings","authors":"Jo Leen Yap, N. Rosely, M. Mahadzir, Mark Louis Benedict, Vikneswaran Muniandy, Nadine Ruppert","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20211105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20211105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Roads negatively affect wildlife populations globally, causing habitat fragmentation that can facilitate mortality by access to forest for poaching and wildlife collisions with vehicles. Primate habitats are vulnerable to fragmentation exposing them to anthropogenic threats. Endangered dusky langurs (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Malaysia are often found in urban areas and have been frequent victims of vehicle collisions. To mitigate the hazardous impact of a busy asphalt road on wild dusky langurs in Teluk Bahang, Penang, we built the first artificial road canopy bridge in Malaysia in February 2019 to assist arboreal wildlife to move between habitat fragments more safely. Four days after the bridge construction, the first long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) was recorded via a camera trap crossing the bridge, and plantain squirrels (Callosciurus notatus) and dusky langurs first crossed one and eight months later, respectively. The bridge was upgraded from a single-firehose rope to a double-rope in August 2020 to assess the effectiveness of the two designs. In total, 2128 animal crossings comprising three mammal species were recorded between March 2019 and May 2021. Plantain squirrels crossed the bridge most frequently with 2075 crossings, long-tailed macaques crossed 32 times, and dusky langurs 21 times. There was a significant difference in bridge use according to species between the two designs (Chi-Square, p < 0.001). Since the construction of the bridge, the rate of previously frequently reported primate roadkills near the bridge location has dropped to zero. This successful pilot project has spurred the efforts to implement more canopy bridges country-wide to support primate conservation efforts and better protect arboreal wildlife from the negative impacts of linear infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42051765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210501
C. Batist, J. Mayhew
Lemurs have been relatively understudied in cognitive research despite representing an adaptive radiation and occupying a key phylogenetic position as the most basal extant primate lineage. Many of the existing studies have focused on only one lemur species. We aimed to take a comparative approach by examining learning abilities in 66 lemurs from four genera at the Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina. We used a novel two-action puzzle box to assess inter-species variation in learning speed, task proficiency, and social tolerance during trials. We found differences between genera in the percentage of individuals who had successes, individuals’ latency to touch the apparatus and the number of times an individual observed a group member’s success. Eulemur and Varecia had shorter latencies and were observed more by conspecifics compared to Propithecus and Lemur. Shorter latencies may indicate reduced fear or increased motivation, while higher observation rates suggest more leniency or tolerance around the puzzle boxes. These results may be due to species differences in dominance and rank hierarchies; Propithecus and Lemur are more despotic than Eulemur, where some species exhibit sex co-dominance, and Varecia, which live in groups with high fission-fusion dynamics. We also show that even within these overall relationships, the different genera varied substantially in the temporal trajectory of these learning variables through the study trials. Overall, this comparative study provides preliminary insights into the taxon-specific learning trajectories of lemurs and contributes to the growing body of literature examining lemur cognition.
{"title":"Preliminary comparisons of learning across four lemur genera at the Duke Lemur Center","authors":"C. Batist, J. Mayhew","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20210501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20210501","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Lemurs have been relatively understudied in cognitive research despite representing an adaptive radiation and occupying a key phylogenetic position as the most basal extant primate lineage. Many of the existing studies have focused on only one lemur species. We aimed to take a comparative approach by examining learning abilities in 66 lemurs from four genera at the Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina. We used a novel two-action puzzle box to assess inter-species variation in learning speed, task proficiency, and social tolerance during trials. We found differences between genera in the percentage of individuals who had successes, individuals’ latency to touch the apparatus and the number of times an individual observed a group member’s success. Eulemur and Varecia had shorter latencies and were observed more by conspecifics compared to Propithecus and Lemur. Shorter latencies may indicate reduced fear or increased motivation, while higher observation rates suggest more leniency or tolerance around the puzzle boxes. These results may be due to species differences in dominance and rank hierarchies; Propithecus and Lemur are more despotic than Eulemur, where some species exhibit sex co-dominance, and Varecia, which live in groups with high fission-fusion dynamics. We also show that even within these overall relationships, the different genera varied substantially in the temporal trajectory of these learning variables through the study trials. Overall, this comparative study provides preliminary insights into the taxon-specific learning trajectories of lemurs and contributes to the growing body of literature examining lemur cognition.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20201104
Jorge Ramos-Luna, María Fernanda Alvarez-Velazquez, C. Chapman, J. C. Serio‐Silva
Leucism is an aberration of color that occurs in individuals as a consequence of genetic mutations. Along with albinism and piebaldism, leucism is one of the most commonly reported types of chromatic anomalies in mammals, however, detailed descriptions of such conditions are rare. We report the first record of a leucistic black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in southern Mexico, an apparently healthy individual who was the male of a typical black howler group. Additionally, we compiled records of anomalous pigmentation in American primates published in peer-reviewed journals between 1960 and 2021, as well as social media posts regarding casual observations of individuals with such conditions. We found 11 scientific articles which described 13 records of anomalous pigmentation in a total of 44 individuals, from five species, three subspecies and one hybrid. Leucism was the most widely reported condition with six records. We discovered 19 online posts of 20 individuals with anomalous pigmentation, which included two species not reported in scientific literature. Our results suggest that anomalous coloration is not a significant threat to survival, but its occurrence raises interesting, and possibly alarming, questions about the causes of such conditions. We encourage researchers and civil society to formally report such observations of animals with color aberrations, to expand upon the understanding of this phenomenon and to get involved in the conservation of tropical forests.
{"title":"Anomalous pigmentation in American primates: review and first record of a leucistic black howler monkey in southeast Mexico","authors":"Jorge Ramos-Luna, María Fernanda Alvarez-Velazquez, C. Chapman, J. C. Serio‐Silva","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20201104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20201104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Leucism is an aberration of color that occurs in individuals as a consequence of genetic mutations. Along with albinism and piebaldism, leucism is one of the most commonly reported types of chromatic anomalies in mammals, however, detailed descriptions of such conditions are rare. We report the first record of a leucistic black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in southern Mexico, an apparently healthy individual who was the male of a typical black howler group. Additionally, we compiled records of anomalous pigmentation in American primates published in peer-reviewed journals between 1960 and 2021, as well as social media posts regarding casual observations of individuals with such conditions. We found 11 scientific articles which described 13 records of anomalous pigmentation in a total of 44 individuals, from five species, three subspecies and one hybrid. Leucism was the most widely reported condition with six records. We discovered 19 online posts of 20 individuals with anomalous pigmentation, which included two species not reported in scientific literature. Our results suggest that anomalous coloration is not a significant threat to survival, but its occurrence raises interesting, and possibly alarming, questions about the causes of such conditions. We encourage researchers and civil society to formally report such observations of animals with color aberrations, to expand upon the understanding of this phenomenon and to get involved in the conservation of tropical forests.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20200801
Carolyn Thompson, Eka Cahyaningrum, Hélène Birot, Abdul Aziz, S. Cheyne
Gibbons (family Hylobatidae) typically form groups that encompass a single breeding pair. Here, we present the first evidence of polygyny (where a single male has more than one female mate) in the Bornean white-bearded gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis). In July 2014, an adult female yet to have emigrated from her natal group gave birth to an infant, bringing the total group size to six individuals (one adult male, two adult females, one subadult female, and two infant females). Forty months later in November 2017, the same female gave birth to a second infant. Between July 2014 and April 2018, the two breeding females within the group remained mutually tolerant of each other, often singing the characteristic female vocalisation, the great call, in unison, until the eldest adult female dispersed in November 2018. We explore possible reasons behind this group’s mating system flexibility by examining dispersal limitation due to environmental constraints, factors associated with a large home range size, mutual tolerance between females, and a lack of mating opportunities.
{"title":"A case of polygyny in the Bornean white-bearded gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis)","authors":"Carolyn Thompson, Eka Cahyaningrum, Hélène Birot, Abdul Aziz, S. Cheyne","doi":"10.1163/14219980-20200801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-20200801","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gibbons (family Hylobatidae) typically form groups that encompass a single breeding pair. Here, we present the first evidence of polygyny (where a single male has more than one female mate) in the Bornean white-bearded gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis). In July 2014, an adult female yet to have emigrated from her natal group gave birth to an infant, bringing the total group size to six individuals (one adult male, two adult females, one subadult female, and two infant females). Forty months later in November 2017, the same female gave birth to a second infant. Between July 2014 and April 2018, the two breeding females within the group remained mutually tolerant of each other, often singing the characteristic female vocalisation, the great call, in unison, until the eldest adult female dispersed in November 2018. We explore possible reasons behind this group’s mating system flexibility by examining dispersal limitation due to environmental constraints, factors associated with a large home range size, mutual tolerance between females, and a lack of mating opportunities.","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47589042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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