Aldona Kawęcka, Angelika Mąsior, Marta Pasternak, Jacek Sikora
The aim of the study was to evaluate the differentiation among three goat breeds ? the autochthonous Carpathian goat and the cosmopolitan Alpine and Anglo-Nubian breeds – based on information from microsatellite markers. Blood samples of 64 goats were collected from three farms located in southern Poland. The population structure of the collected goats was investigated using the Bayesian approach, implemented in STRUCTURE 2.3.4. The Pairwise Population Fst analysis revealed that the largest genetic distinction was between the Anglo-Nubian and the Alpine breeds. In each of the analyses carried out, it was observed that the Carpathian breed is genetically more similar to the Alpine breed, while the Anglo-Nubian breed is a separate, much more distinct cluster. It therefore seems reasonable to carry out further research in the context of the genetic relationship between the two goat breeds (Carpathian and Alpine) adapted to the harsh conditions of mountainous areas.
{"title":"Genetic differentiation among autochthonous and cosmopolitan goat breeds based on information from microsatellite markers – a preliminary study","authors":"Aldona Kawęcka, Angelika Mąsior, Marta Pasternak, Jacek Sikora","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the differentiation among three goat breeds ? the autochthonous Carpathian goat and the cosmopolitan Alpine and Anglo-Nubian breeds – based on information from microsatellite markers. Blood samples of 64 goats were collected from three farms located in southern Poland. The population structure of the collected goats was investigated using the Bayesian approach, implemented in STRUCTURE 2.3.4. The Pairwise Population Fst analysis revealed that the largest genetic distinction was between the Anglo-Nubian and the Alpine breeds. In each of the analyses carried out, it was observed that the Carpathian breed is genetically more similar to the Alpine breed, while the Anglo-Nubian breed is a separate, much more distinct cluster. It therefore seems reasonable to carry out further research in the context of the genetic relationship between the two goat breeds (Carpathian and Alpine) adapted to the harsh conditions of mountainous areas.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The native range of the Turkish snail, Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 includes the Caucasus, Anatolia and probably the Balkan region. However, this species has intensively increased its distribution range to other areas. Today, it is widely distributed throughout Europe. In this study, we characterise the first noted population of H. lucorum in Poland by means of integrative taxonomy. The population is located in the centre of Warsaw city (Poland), where both live individuals (adults and juveniles) and empty shells of H. lucorum were collected. Phylogeographic analyses indicated that the specimens of H. lucorum from the Polish population show genetic similarities to populations from Turkey and Slovakia. It is crucial to evaluate the possible consequences of H.lucorum on the local species in newly discovered areas and to consider implementing measures for its eradication, if necessary.
{"title":"<i>Helix lucorum</i> Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Helicidae) – the morphological and molecular analysis of a new species to the Polish malacofauna","authors":"Kamila S. Zając, Jarosława Turek, Alicja Boroń","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The native range of the Turkish snail, Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 includes the Caucasus, Anatolia and probably the Balkan region. However, this species has intensively increased its distribution range to other areas. Today, it is widely distributed throughout Europe. In this study, we characterise the first noted population of H. lucorum in Poland by means of integrative taxonomy. The population is located in the centre of Warsaw city (Poland), where both live individuals (adults and juveniles) and empty shells of H. lucorum were collected. Phylogeographic analyses indicated that the specimens of H. lucorum from the Polish population show genetic similarities to populations from Turkey and Slovakia. It is crucial to evaluate the possible consequences of H.lucorum on the local species in newly discovered areas and to consider implementing measures for its eradication, if necessary.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartosz Bojarski, Leszek Szała, Artur Osikowski, Sebastian Hofman, Krzysztof Urbański, Teresa Kamińska-Gibas, Agnieszka Rombel-Bryzek
Herbicides (weed control agents) are used in crops on a massive scale. MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophen- oxyacetic acid) is a herbicide used to control weeds in cereals and other crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of an MCPA-based herbicide formulation (Chwastox Extra ® 300 SL) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). The fish were exposed for 10 days, to a concentration which corresponded to 1 mg/l or 5 mg/l of MCPA. Our analysis showed fluctuations of the haematological parameters during the treatment. Plasma biochemical changes that were statistically significant, i.e.a decrease of the total protein concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity, were observed after 1 day of exposure. No histopathological lesions in the gills, trunk kidney and liver were identified. The results of the present study indicate that Chwastox Extra ® 300 SL has a relatively low toxicity for the common carp. It was also observed that the blood indices were more sensitive to the tested herbicide formulation than the microstructure of the selected organs. Further research aimed at studying the effects of Chwastox on water invertebrates and fish of other taxa is recommended.
{"title":"Effects of an MCPA-based herbicide formulation on the common carp <i> Cyprinus carpio</i> Linnaeus, 1758 – haematological, biochemical and histological evaluation","authors":"Bartosz Bojarski, Leszek Szała, Artur Osikowski, Sebastian Hofman, Krzysztof Urbański, Teresa Kamińska-Gibas, Agnieszka Rombel-Bryzek","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicides (weed control agents) are used in crops on a massive scale. MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophen- oxyacetic acid) is a herbicide used to control weeds in cereals and other crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of an MCPA-based herbicide formulation (Chwastox Extra ® 300 SL) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). The fish were exposed for 10 days, to a concentration which corresponded to 1 mg/l or 5 mg/l of MCPA. Our analysis showed fluctuations of the haematological parameters during the treatment. Plasma biochemical changes that were statistically significant, i.e.a decrease of the total protein concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity, were observed after 1 day of exposure. No histopathological lesions in the gills, trunk kidney and liver were identified. The results of the present study indicate that Chwastox Extra ® 300 SL has a relatively low toxicity for the common carp. It was also observed that the blood indices were more sensitive to the tested herbicide formulation than the microstructure of the selected organs. Further research aimed at studying the effects of Chwastox on water invertebrates and fish of other taxa is recommended.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ciliates, including the genus Paramecium , are among the most thoroughly researched groups of free-living microbial eukaryotes. However, our knowledge of their biodiversity appears to be restricted. Therefore, more data is required for tropical regions, to generate a more accurate picture of the distribution of the cryptic Paramecium species. In the current paper, recent data on the tropical biodiversity of the Paramecium aurelia species complex is presented. We believe that the COI mtDNA fragment allows for an evaluation of the geographic variation of particular cryptic species within the Paramecium aurelia complex, while also being sufficient for species identification. The obtained data indicates that the examined tropical populations may be very variable (with more than 50% previously unknown COI haplotypes discovered). Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that tropical environments reveal a high biodiversity of Paramecium ciliates.
{"title":"Sampling hidden microbial eukaryotic biodiversity in the tropics: new insights from the <i>Paramecium aurelia</i> complex (Ciliophora, Protozoa)","authors":"Sebastian Tarcz, Marta Surmacz, Ewa Przyboś","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Ciliates, including the genus Paramecium , are among the most thoroughly researched groups of free-living microbial eukaryotes. However, our knowledge of their biodiversity appears to be restricted. Therefore, more data is required for tropical regions, to generate a more accurate picture of the distribution of the cryptic Paramecium species. In the current paper, recent data on the tropical biodiversity of the Paramecium aurelia species complex is presented. We believe that the COI mtDNA fragment allows for an evaluation of the geographic variation of particular cryptic species within the Paramecium aurelia complex, while also being sufficient for species identification. The obtained data indicates that the examined tropical populations may be very variable (with more than 50% previously unknown COI haplotypes discovered). Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that tropical environments reveal a high biodiversity of Paramecium ciliates.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Drepanaphis del Guercio currently includes 16 species, all of which are found in North America. Representatives of this genus are narrow oligophages associated mainly with plants of the genus Acer. Previous studies have focused only on the morphology of selected species, while not considering their geographical distribution. Among all species, the painted maple aphid Drepanaphis acerifoliae deserves particular attention, because it represents the broadest range in North America and is the only species of this genus to be found outside of its natural range, i.e. in Europe. Thanks to suitable niche modelling based on a maximum entropy model, we were able to present maps with the potential distribution of D.acerifoliae in its natural range. In North America, its distribution coincides with the natural range of the host plants (native to the eastern part), as well as the areas where they are planted (the western part). An extrapolation of these results to the area of Europe allowed for the designation of places where the aphids can find suitable climatic conditions for developing and expanding their spatial distribution. The model indicated the Mediterranean basin, almost all of Italy, excluding mountainous areas, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the western part of Germany, the southeast and central part of Great Britain, Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula. In a more continental view, the model pointed to areas stretching from the middle of eastern Ukraine, including Crimea, through Russia, to northern parts of Kazakhstan along the border with Russia. Additionally, the impact of climate change on the spread of the species within the next 80 years was analysed, both in North America and Europe. Models considering the potential future climate changes indicate that D.acerifoliae may find suitable niches further north of its current ranges. In North America, this is mostly areas of eastern Canada, while in Europe it includes the central and eastern part and the Asian part of Russia.
Drepanaphis del Guercio属目前包括16种，全部在北美发现。本属的代表是主要与槭属植物有关的窄寡噬体。以往的研究只关注特定物种的形态，而没有考虑它们的地理分布。在所有种类中，漆枫蚜虫(Drepanaphis acerifoliae)值得特别注意，因为它代表了北美最广泛的分布范围，并且是该属唯一在其自然分布范围之外发现的物种，即在欧洲。利用最大熵模型建立合适的生态位模型，绘制出了针叶松在其自然分布范围内的潜在分布图。在北美，它的分布与寄主植物的自然范围(原产于东部)以及种植它们的地区(西部)一致。将这些结果外推到欧洲地区，可以指定蚜虫可以找到适合发展和扩大其空间分布的气候条件的地方。该模型显示了地中海盆地、意大利几乎全部(不包括山区)、西班牙、葡萄牙、法国、比利时、荷兰、德国西部、英国东南部和中部、匈牙利和巴尔干半岛。从更广阔的大陆视角来看，该模型指向了从包括克里米亚在内的乌克兰东部中部，穿过俄罗斯，到哈萨克斯坦北部与俄罗斯接壤的地区。此外，还分析了未来80年气候变化对该物种在北美和欧洲传播的影响。考虑到潜在的未来气候变化的模型表明，针叶草可能会在其目前分布范围的更北的地方找到合适的生态位。在北美，这主要是加拿大东部地区，而在欧洲，它包括俄罗斯的中东部和亚洲部分。
{"title":"Distribution of <i>Drepanaphis acerifoliae</i> – aphid pest of Acer trees – faced with global climate change","authors":"Kamila Malik, Agnieszka Bugaj-Nawrocka, Karina Wieczorek","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-3.12","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Drepanaphis del Guercio currently includes 16 species, all of which are found in North America. Representatives of this genus are narrow oligophages associated mainly with plants of the genus Acer. Previous studies have focused only on the morphology of selected species, while not considering their geographical distribution. Among all species, the painted maple aphid Drepanaphis acerifoliae deserves particular attention, because it represents the broadest range in North America and is the only species of this genus to be found outside of its natural range, i.e. in Europe. Thanks to suitable niche modelling based on a maximum entropy model, we were able to present maps with the potential distribution of D.acerifoliae in its natural range. In North America, its distribution coincides with the natural range of the host plants (native to the eastern part), as well as the areas where they are planted (the western part). An extrapolation of these results to the area of Europe allowed for the designation of places where the aphids can find suitable climatic conditions for developing and expanding their spatial distribution. The model indicated the Mediterranean basin, almost all of Italy, excluding mountainous areas, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the western part of Germany, the southeast and central part of Great Britain, Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula. In a more continental view, the model pointed to areas stretching from the middle of eastern Ukraine, including Crimea, through Russia, to northern parts of Kazakhstan along the border with Russia. Additionally, the impact of climate change on the spread of the species within the next 80 years was analysed, both in North America and Europe. Models considering the potential future climate changes indicate that D.acerifoliae may find suitable niches further north of its current ranges. In North America, this is mostly areas of eastern Canada, while in Europe it includes the central and eastern part and the Asian part of Russia.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135131696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decades ago, the presence of extra chromosomes restricted to the male germ line in several grasshopper species was interpreted as recurrent polysomy, as experimental crosses suggested that the extra chromoso- mes were not transmitted from adult male parents to their embryo offspring. Under this hypothesis, polysomy was generated de novo through a nondisjunction for some chromosomes of the standard karyotype. In the current study, I test this hypothesis by analysing 17 families of tandem repeats (TRs) in two males of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus, which displays mosaicism for this kind of extra chromosome. According to the de novo polysomy hypothesis, the extra chromosomes should show the same FISH pattern for the TRs analysed as at least one of the A chromosomes. However, three TR families displayed patterns of FISH bands on the standard and extra chromosomes that ruled out the former as a possible source for the latter. Therefore, these extra chromosomes are best interpreted as B chromosomes restricted to the germ line, presumably present in both sexes, which are inherited as such and are not recurrently generated de novo from the A chromosomes. Key words: Extra chromosomes, FISH, polysomy, tandem repeats
{"title":"Germ line restricted B chromosomes in grasshoppers","authors":"J. Camacho","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Decades ago, the presence of extra chromosomes restricted to the male germ line in several grasshopper species was interpreted as recurrent polysomy, as experimental crosses suggested that the extra chromoso- mes were not transmitted from adult male parents to their embryo offspring.\u0000 Under this hypothesis, polysomy was generated de novo through a nondisjunction for some chromosomes of the standard karyotype. In the current study, I test this hypothesis by analysing 17 families of tandem repeats (TRs) in two males of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus,\u0000 which displays mosaicism for this kind of extra chromosome. According to the de novo polysomy hypothesis, the extra chromosomes should show the same FISH pattern for the TRs analysed as at least one of the A chromosomes. However, three TR families displayed patterns of FISH bands on\u0000 the standard and extra chromosomes that ruled out the former as a possible source for the latter. Therefore, these extra chromosomes are best interpreted as B chromosomes restricted to the germ line, presumably present in both sexes, which are inherited as such and are not recurrently generated\u0000 de novo from the A chromosomes. Key words: Extra chromosomes, FISH, polysomy, tandem repeats","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48110000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Szlauer-Łukaszewska, P. Buczyński, J. Pakulnicka
The Odra is a large, regulated river, along which many groynes have been built. There are few publications examining how groynes affect the functioning of a river. We investigated the effect of these hydro-engineering structures on the water beetle fauna of a river subject to strong human pressure. The species composition, assemblages, functional and ecological groups of these beetles in groyne fields were compared with those of oxbows in the Odra valley. We demonstrated that the groyne fields were highly beneficial for water beetle development, offering highly suitable alternative habitats to oxbows which, though natural, are sensitive and endangered habitats in river valleys. The numerically dominant species in the groyne fields were rheophiles, which are typical of weakly eutrophic, well-oxygenated oxbows. Species-wise, eurytopes were the most important beetle assemblage. Macrophytes and organic matter were the factors governing the occurrence of saprophages and polyphages, which provide plentiful food resources for the predominating predators in these habitats. Either the pH, visibility, temperature, hardness and O2 both the vegetation, water depth, breadth of the littoral of the two habitat types were key to the beetles' distribution. The presence of groyne fields has rendered the species richness of the Odra's water beetles comparable with that of large, natural rivers, which amply demonstrates that not all anthropogenic transformations of habitats are inherently negative.
{"title":"In search of suitable habitats for water beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) within a heavily transformed river system","authors":"A. Szlauer-Łukaszewska, P. Buczyński, J. Pakulnicka","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-2.08","url":null,"abstract":"The Odra is a large, regulated river, along which many groynes have been built. There are few publications examining how groynes affect the functioning of a river. We investigated the effect of these hydro-engineering structures on the water beetle fauna of a river subject to strong\u0000 human pressure. The species composition, assemblages, functional and ecological groups of these beetles in groyne fields were compared with those of oxbows in the Odra valley. We demonstrated that the groyne fields were highly beneficial for water beetle development, offering highly suitable\u0000 alternative habitats to oxbows which, though natural, are sensitive and endangered habitats in river valleys. The numerically dominant species in the groyne fields were rheophiles, which are typical of weakly eutrophic, well-oxygenated oxbows. Species-wise, eurytopes were the most important\u0000 beetle assemblage. Macrophytes and organic matter were the factors governing the occurrence of saprophages and polyphages, which provide plentiful food resources for the predominating predators in these habitats. Either the pH, visibility, temperature, hardness and O2 both the vegetation,\u0000 water depth, breadth of the littoral of the two habitat types were key to the beetles' distribution. The presence of groyne fields has rendered the species richness of the Odra's water beetles comparable with that of large, natural rivers, which amply demonstrates that not all anthropogenic\u0000 transformations of habitats are inherently negative.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatolian mountain frogs consist of two admitted species (Rana macrocnemis and Rana tavasensis), and this group is famous for its high land distribution throughout the Anatolian mountain chain. Despite the unique features of these groups (cold-adapted and highland species), their population genetics have yet to be revealed. In this study, the allelic variation and genetic structure of Anatolian mountain frogs were investigated using six microsatellite markers across its natural distribution area in Türkiye. We evaluated 138 samples from 31 locations and clustered them based on a Structure analysis. The microsatellite markers suggested a high level of diversity in the East Anatolia cluster, while we found limited genetic diversity in the Central Taurus and West Anatolia clusters. We found a significant bottleneck in the Central Taurus cluster, with no genetic differentiation between R. macrocnemis and R. tavasensis. Our results show that the Anatolian mountain frogs exhibit underlying inbreeding signs for macro and microclimatic reasons.
{"title":"Microsatellite variation and population genetic structure of Anatolian mountain frogs","authors":"Tuğba Ergül Kalayci, N. Özdemir","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Anatolian mountain frogs consist of two admitted species (Rana macrocnemis and Rana tavasensis), and this group is famous for its high land distribution throughout the Anatolian mountain chain. Despite the unique features of these groups (cold-adapted and highland species),\u0000 their population genetics have yet to be revealed. In this study, the allelic variation and genetic structure of Anatolian mountain frogs were investigated using six microsatellite markers across its natural distribution area in Türkiye. We evaluated 138 samples from 31 locations and\u0000 clustered them based on a Structure analysis. The microsatellite markers suggested a high level of diversity in the East Anatolia cluster, while we found limited genetic diversity in the Central Taurus and West Anatolia clusters. We found a significant bottleneck in the Central Taurus cluster,\u0000 with no genetic differentiation between R. macrocnemis and R. tavasensis. Our results show that the Anatolian mountain frogs exhibit underlying inbreeding signs for macro and microclimatic reasons.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naked amoebas of the genus Amoeba Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822 are large protists, which are among the favourite objects of biochemical and cytogenetic studies. However, they are rare in natural biotopes, and are least represented on molecular phylogenetic trees. I sequenced the 18S rRNA gene of the Amoeba proteus strain AP07 (ON907618), which presents the typical morphology of A. proteus. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Amoeba proteus AP07, found in the River Stokhid of the Volyn Region, is reliably grouped with the isolate Amoeba proteus (AJ314604) from the reservoirs of Switzerland. These isolates were placed in a sister group to representatives of the genus Chaos Linnaeus, 1767, which confirmed its position, as established earlier on the basis of morphological characteristics. All of them form a relatively well-supported clade, which corresponds to the family Amoebidae.
圣文森特阿米巴属（Amoeba Bory de Saint Vincent，1822）的裸变形虫是大型原生生物，是生物化学和细胞遗传学研究中最受欢迎的对象之一。然而，它们在天然生物表位中很少见，在分子系统发育树上也很少出现。我对变形阿米巴菌株AP07（ON907618）的18S rRNA基因进行了测序，该基因呈现了变形阿米巴的典型形态。系统发育分析表明，在Volyn地区的Stokhid河中发现的变形变形虫AP07与来自瑞士水库的分离株变形变形虫（AJ314604）可靠地分组。这些分离株与混沌林奈属（Chaos Linnaeus，1767）的代表属于姐妹群，后者证实了其位置，这是早期根据形态学特征确定的。所有这些都形成了一个相对支持良好的分支，对应于Amoebidae科。
{"title":"Amoeba proteus Pallas, 1766 (Leidy, 1878) isolated from the natural biotopes of Ukraine (morphology and phylogenetic relationships)","authors":"M. Patsyuk","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Naked amoebas of the genus Amoeba Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822 are large protists, which are among the favourite objects of biochemical and cytogenetic studies. However, they are rare in natural biotopes, and are least represented on molecular phylogenetic trees. I sequenced the\u0000 18S rRNA gene of the Amoeba proteus strain AP07 (ON907618), which presents the typical morphology of A. proteus. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Amoeba proteus AP07, found in the River Stokhid of the Volyn Region, is reliably grouped with the isolate Amoeba proteus\u0000 (AJ314604) from the reservoirs of Switzerland. These isolates were placed in a sister group to representatives of the genus Chaos Linnaeus, 1767, which confirmed its position, as established earlier on the basis of morphological characteristics. All of them form a relatively well-supported\u0000 clade, which corresponds to the family Amoebidae.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kowalik, D. Katarzyńska-Banasik, Karolina Frydrych, A. Sechman
To assess the in vitro effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH - -PCBs) on the metabolism of thyroid hormones (THs) in chicken liver, explants of liver tissue were incubated in a medium supplemented with dexamethasone (DEX) (100 nM), PCB118 (dioxin-like PCB), PCB153 (non-dioxin-like PCB), 4-OH-PCB107 and 3-OH-PCB153 (0.5 × 10-8 M), and with DEX together with each of the PCBs and OH-PCBs to determine the triiodothyronine (T3) secretion, thyroxine (T4) to T3 conversion, mRNA expression and protein concentration of the iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3), TH transporters (OATP1C1, MCT8, MCT10, LAT1) and TH receptors (THRA, THRB). The results obtained revealed that the tested PCBs and OH-PCBs interacted with and/or abolished the inhibitory effects of DEX on T3 secretion and T4 to T3 conversion. The tested dl- and ndl-PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites affected the basal and DEX-modified mRNA expression and the protein concentration of all three deiodinases. The PCBs and OH-PCBs did not change the MCT8 gene expression; however, PCB118 and 4-OH-PCB107 reduced the MCT10 mRNA levels with a concomitant increase in the basal and DEX - -stimulated LAT1 mRNA expression. PCB153 and 3-OH-PCB153 did not influence the MCT10 expres- sion, but they elevated the basal and reduced DEX-stimulated LAT1 mRNA levels. Among the four tested PCBs, only 4-OH-PCB decreased the TRβ0 mRNA expression. In conclusion, to our knowledge, these results revealed for the first time that both dl-PCB and ndl-PCB and their OH-PCBs affect T3 secretion and T4 to T3 conversion, as well as the expression of iodothyronine deiodinases and TH transporters in chicken liver. These results indicate that not only the parental PCBs, but also their hydroxylated deriva - tives may influence iodothyronine metabolism in a chicken's liver, resulting in changes in T3 availability in the organism.
{"title":"In vitro effects of PCBs and OH-PCBs on the basal and dexamethasone-modified thyroid hormone metabolism in chicken liver","authors":"K. Kowalik, D. Katarzyńska-Banasik, Karolina Frydrych, A. Sechman","doi":"10.3409/fb_71-2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-2.07","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the in vitro effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH - -PCBs) on the metabolism of thyroid hormones (THs) in chicken liver, explants of liver tissue were incubated in a medium supplemented with dexamethasone (DEX) (100 nM),\u0000 PCB118 (dioxin-like PCB), PCB153 (non-dioxin-like PCB), 4-OH-PCB107 and 3-OH-PCB153 (0.5 × 10-8 M), and with DEX together with each of the PCBs and OH-PCBs to determine the triiodothyronine (T3) secretion, thyroxine (T4) to T3 conversion, mRNA\u0000 expression and protein concentration of the iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3), TH transporters (OATP1C1, MCT8, MCT10, LAT1) and TH receptors (THRA, THRB). The results obtained revealed that the tested PCBs and OH-PCBs interacted with and/or abolished the inhibitory\u0000 effects of DEX on T3 secretion and T4 to T3 conversion. The tested dl- and ndl-PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites affected the basal and DEX-modified mRNA expression and the protein concentration of all three deiodinases. The PCBs and OH-PCBs did not change\u0000 the MCT8 gene expression; however, PCB118 and 4-OH-PCB107 reduced the MCT10 mRNA levels with a concomitant increase in the basal and DEX - -stimulated LAT1 mRNA expression. PCB153 and 3-OH-PCB153 did not influence the MCT10 expres- sion, but they elevated the\u0000 basal and reduced DEX-stimulated LAT1 mRNA levels. Among the four tested PCBs, only 4-OH-PCB decreased the TRβ0 mRNA expression. In conclusion, to our knowledge, these results revealed for the first time that both dl-PCB and ndl-PCB and their OH-PCBs affect T3\u0000 secretion and T4 to T3 conversion, as well as the expression of iodothyronine deiodinases and TH transporters in chicken liver. These results indicate that not only the parental PCBs, but also their hydroxylated deriva - tives may influence iodothyronine metabolism in\u0000 a chicken's liver, resulting in changes in T3 availability in the organism.","PeriodicalId":50438,"journal":{"name":"Folia Biologica-Krakow","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41767196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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