Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.795
J. Ahmed, A. Ghaffar, MU Farooque, MR Kifayatullah, S. Hussain, K. Anwar
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique for diagnosing and treating knee conditions. While generally safe, complications can occur, ranging from minor infections to severe nerve damage or septic arthritis. Understanding these complications is essential for optimal patient care. Objective: To explore the occurrence of complications related to knee arthroscopy. Methods: After the ethical approval from the institutional review board, this retrospective cohort study was conducted at JPMC Karachi from 01/09/23 to 29/02/24. Through the non-probability consecutive sampling, patients between ages 18 and 50, either gender and patients undergoing elective arthroscopy procedures were included in the present study. Detailed documentation of difficulties during surgery and recovery, such as infections, blood clots, nerve damage, and mechanical issues, is crucial for assessing the frequency and seriousness of negative outcomes. Results: Synovectomy (79%) followed by Meniscectomy 78% was the common arthroscopic procedure performed. The incidence of complications after the arthroscopic procedure in the present study was 23%. Septic arthritis (33%), followed by Neural, vascular, or ligament injury and superficial infections (20%) were the complications observed in the present study. Conclusion: Arthroscopic knee surgeries are minimally invasive, generally safe procedures with low complication rates. Within this series were 15 (2%) complications, with five occurrences (33%) explicitly involving septic arthritis.
{"title":"ANALYSING THE INCIDENCE OF COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE ARTHROSCOPY","authors":"J. Ahmed, A. Ghaffar, MU Farooque, MR Kifayatullah, S. Hussain, K. Anwar","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.795","url":null,"abstract":"Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique for diagnosing and treating knee conditions. While generally safe, complications can occur, ranging from minor infections to severe nerve damage or septic arthritis. Understanding these complications is essential for optimal patient care. Objective: To explore the occurrence of complications related to knee arthroscopy. Methods: After the ethical approval from the institutional review board, this retrospective cohort study was conducted at JPMC Karachi from 01/09/23 to 29/02/24. Through the non-probability consecutive sampling, patients between ages 18 and 50, either gender and patients undergoing elective arthroscopy procedures were included in the present study. Detailed documentation of difficulties during surgery and recovery, such as infections, blood clots, nerve damage, and mechanical issues, is crucial for assessing the frequency and seriousness of negative outcomes. Results: Synovectomy (79%) followed by Meniscectomy 78% was the common arthroscopic procedure performed. The incidence of complications after the arthroscopic procedure in the present study was 23%. Septic arthritis (33%), followed by Neural, vascular, or ligament injury and superficial infections (20%) were the complications observed in the present study. Conclusion: Arthroscopic knee surgeries are minimally invasive, generally safe procedures with low complication rates. Within this series were 15 (2%) complications, with five occurrences (33%) explicitly involving septic arthritis.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.791
H. Pasha, U. Subhan, M. Salim
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) predisposes patients to an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including stroke, due to the formation of cardiac emboli. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are commonly used to detect cardiac emboli in AFib patients, but their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of TTE and TEE in detecting cardiac emboli in AFib patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2022 to January 2023. The study included 100 adult patients diagnosed with AFib, undergoing evaluation for suspected cardiac emboli. Both TTE and TEE examinations were performed as part of routine clinical care. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated for both modalities using standard formulas, and comparative analyses were conducted using appropriate statistical tests. SPSS version 25 was used, and a P value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 100 patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib), of which 55 were male, and 45 were female. The mean age of the patients was 65 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 7 years). Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated a higher sensitivity in detecting cardiac emboli than transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). TEE identified a significantly higher number of emboli than TTE (48 vs. 40, p < 0.05). TEE was also associated with a lower risk of complications than TTE (0 vs. 2 cases, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In evaluating cardiac emboli in AFib patients, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed superior diagnostic accuracy and a lower complication risk than transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Therefore, TEE may be considered the preferred imaging modality for this patient population.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF TRANSTHORACIC AND TRANS-ESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE DETECTION OF CARDIAC EMBOLI IN AFIB PATIENTS","authors":"H. Pasha, U. Subhan, M. Salim","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.791","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation (AFib) predisposes patients to an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including stroke, due to the formation of cardiac emboli. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are commonly used to detect cardiac emboli in AFib patients, but their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of TTE and TEE in detecting cardiac emboli in AFib patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2022 to January 2023. The study included 100 adult patients diagnosed with AFib, undergoing evaluation for suspected cardiac emboli. Both TTE and TEE examinations were performed as part of routine clinical care. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated for both modalities using standard formulas, and comparative analyses were conducted using appropriate statistical tests. SPSS version 25 was used, and a P value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 100 patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib), of which 55 were male, and 45 were female. The mean age of the patients was 65 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 7 years). Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated a higher sensitivity in detecting cardiac emboli than transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). TEE identified a significantly higher number of emboli than TTE (48 vs. 40, p < 0.05). TEE was also associated with a lower risk of complications than TTE (0 vs. 2 cases, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In evaluating cardiac emboli in AFib patients, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed superior diagnostic accuracy and a lower complication risk than transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Therefore, TEE may be considered the preferred imaging modality for this patient population.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.794
U. Mateen, MM Jummani, S. Shaukat, T. Bhatti, .. Zulqarnain, K. Fatima, AA Khan
Decompressive craniectomy is a surgical procedure often employed in traumatic brain injury cases to alleviate intracranial pressure. Post-traumatic hydrocephalus, though a rare complication, can occur following this procedure, significantly impacting patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency and Neurosurgery Department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Trauma Centre (SMBBIT) from June 1, 2022, to December 30, 2022. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at presentation and time of decompressive craniectomy, type of craniectomy, development of postoperative hydrocephalus, and complications. Results: The majority of patients (55%) were aged 10-15, with males comprising 75% of the cohort. Upon emergency presentation, only 4% of patients exhibited hydrocephalus, with most presenting a GCS between 9 and 13 (56%). Post-craniectomy, hydrocephalus developed in 32% of individuals, with the majority (18%) experiencing onset after 14 days. Significant associations were found between hydrocephalus development and craniectomy size (p=0.04) and distance from the midline (p=0.05). Conclusion: Patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy, particularly those with a superior limit too close to the midline, may be at risk of developing hydrocephalus. Therefore, we advocate for broader craniectomies exceeding 25 mm from the midline to potentially reduce the incidence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus and improve patient outcomes.
{"title":"INCIDENCE OF POST TRAUMATIC HYDROCEPHALUS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY","authors":"U. Mateen, MM Jummani, S. Shaukat, T. Bhatti, .. Zulqarnain, K. Fatima, AA Khan","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.794","url":null,"abstract":"Decompressive craniectomy is a surgical procedure often employed in traumatic brain injury cases to alleviate intracranial pressure. Post-traumatic hydrocephalus, though a rare complication, can occur following this procedure, significantly impacting patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency and Neurosurgery Department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Trauma Centre (SMBBIT) from June 1, 2022, to December 30, 2022. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at presentation and time of decompressive craniectomy, type of craniectomy, development of postoperative hydrocephalus, and complications. Results: The majority of patients (55%) were aged 10-15, with males comprising 75% of the cohort. Upon emergency presentation, only 4% of patients exhibited hydrocephalus, with most presenting a GCS between 9 and 13 (56%). Post-craniectomy, hydrocephalus developed in 32% of individuals, with the majority (18%) experiencing onset after 14 days. Significant associations were found between hydrocephalus development and craniectomy size (p=0.04) and distance from the midline (p=0.05). Conclusion: Patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy, particularly those with a superior limit too close to the midline, may be at risk of developing hydrocephalus. Therefore, we advocate for broader craniectomies exceeding 25 mm from the midline to potentially reduce the incidence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus and improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.793
MN Rashid, NU Huda, L. Riaz, RA Shahid, AM Siddiqui, F. Butt
: Every year, more than a million women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and over 700.000 of them have positive for hormone receptors (FIR). The expression of key markers, such as ER and PP, and clinical circumstances show specific biological traits. Risk factors may have a role in the development of some hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between key tumor markers, including HER2, ER, PR, ALP, and KI67, in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Methods: Tumour tissue samples were collected for histopathology (10% neutral buffered Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens) during Trucut biopsy or mastectomy at the oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi from October 2022 to July 2023. Tissues were analyzed under a light microscope for tumor hormone receptors at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Results: There were several significant correlations observed between HER 2 NUE, KI 67, ER, and PR. Specifically, a weak negative correlation was noted between HER 2 NUE and KI 67, while weak positive correlations were observed between HER 2 NUE and both ER and PR. Additionally, a weak positive correlation was found between ER and HER 2 NUE, PR, and KI 67, and a weak positive correlation existed between PR and ER, HER 2 NUE, and KI 67. Finally, KI 67 displayed a weak positive correlation with HER 2 NUE, PR, and ER. Conclusions: Her two nurses, ER, ALP, KI 67, and breastfeeding, are significantly and directly related. PR is not significantly related to other mentioned tumor markers.
:每年有 100 多万妇女被诊断出患有乳腺癌，其中有 70 多万人的激素受体（FIR）呈阳性。ER和PP等关键标志物的表达和临床情况显示出特定的生物学特征。风险因素可能在某些激素受体阳性乳腺癌的发病中起一定作用。研究目的本研究旨在探讨激素受体阳性乳腺癌中主要肿瘤标志物（包括 HER2、ER、PR、ALP 和 KI67）之间的相关性。研究方法2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 7 月期间，在卡拉奇一家三甲医院的肿瘤科进行切片检查或乳房切除术时，收集肿瘤组织样本进行组织病理学检查（10% 中性缓冲福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织标本）。卡拉奇一家三甲医院在光学显微镜下对组织进行了肿瘤激素受体分析。 结果：在 HER 2 NUE、KI 67、ER 和 PR 之间观察到几种明显的相关性。具体来说，HER 2 NUE 与 KI 67 之间呈弱负相关，而 HER 2 NUE 与 ER 和 PR 之间呈弱正相关。此外，ER 与 HER 2 NUE、PR 和 KI 67 之间存在弱正相关性，PR 与 ER、HER 2 NUE 和 KI 67 之间存在弱正相关性。最后，KI 67 与 HER 2 NUE、PR 和 ER 呈弱正相关。结论她的两名护士、ER、ALP、KI 67 和母乳喂养有显著的直接关系。PR与上述其他肿瘤标志物无明显关系。
{"title":"CORRELATION OF TUMOR MARKERS HER2 NEU ER PR AND KI 67 IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS","authors":"MN Rashid, NU Huda, L. Riaz, RA Shahid, AM Siddiqui, F. Butt","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.793","url":null,"abstract":": Every year, more than a million women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and over 700.000 of them have positive for hormone receptors (FIR). The expression of key markers, such as ER and PP, and clinical circumstances show specific biological traits. Risk factors may have a role in the development of some hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between key tumor markers, including HER2, ER, PR, ALP, and KI67, in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Methods: Tumour tissue samples were collected for histopathology (10% neutral buffered Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens) during Trucut biopsy or mastectomy at the oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi from October 2022 to July 2023. Tissues were analyzed under a light microscope for tumor hormone receptors at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Results: There were several significant correlations observed between HER 2 NUE, KI 67, ER, and PR. Specifically, a weak negative correlation was noted between HER 2 NUE and KI 67, while weak positive correlations were observed between HER 2 NUE and both ER and PR. Additionally, a weak positive correlation was found between ER and HER 2 NUE, PR, and KI 67, and a weak positive correlation existed between PR and ER, HER 2 NUE, and KI 67. Finally, KI 67 displayed a weak positive correlation with HER 2 NUE, PR, and ER. Conclusions: Her two nurses, ER, ALP, KI 67, and breastfeeding, are significantly and directly related. PR is not significantly related to other mentioned tumor markers.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.782
.. Sadia, S. Naseer, A. Farooqi, I. Zulfikar, S. Saeed, HH Shah
Anal fissure, a tear in the anal canal below the dentate line, is commonly managed pharmacologically as the primary approach, with surgery considered secondary. Objective: To compare the efficacy of topical nifedipine and diltiazem in the prompt resolution of pain and bleeding associated with anal fissure management. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from June 2023 to November 2023. One hundred patients with anal fissures were randomly allocated into two groups: Group N (Nifedipine) and Group D (Diltiazem). Topical medication was administered until healing occurred. The visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed the patient's progress in terms of bleeding and pain. Side effects were monitored. Statistical analysis included an independent t-test for comparing VAS scores and a post-stratification chi-square test for associations between bleeding, side effects, and other variables. Results: At baseline, mean pain scores were 8.30±0.90 in group D and 7.78±1.29 in group N. At the first follow-up, mean pain scores were 5.58±1.34 in group D and 4.56±1.48 in group N, with a significant difference (p<0.001). Bleeding did not significantly decrease at the first follow-up but decreased significantly at the subsequent follow-ups in both groups. Side effects did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Topical nifedipine is more effective than diltiazem for managing anal fissures in terms of pain reduction. However, both medications showed comparable efficacy in reducing bleeding, with no significant difference in side effects observed.
肛裂是齿状线以下肛管的撕裂，通常以药物治疗为主，手术为辅。目的：比较外用硝苯地平和地尔硫平治疗肛裂的疗效：比较硝苯地平外用药和地尔硫卓外用药在迅速缓解与肛裂治疗相关的疼痛和出血方面的疗效。研究方法2023 年 6 月至 2023 年 11 月，卡拉奇露丝-K.M.-普福平民医院开展了一项前瞻性队列研究。100 名肛裂患者被随机分配到两组：N组（硝苯地平）和D组（地尔硫卓）。两组患者均接受局部药物治疗，直至痊愈。用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估患者的出血和疼痛情况。对副作用进行监测。统计分析包括比较 VAS 评分的独立 t 检验，以及出血、副作用和其他变量之间关联的分层后 chi-square 检验。结果首次随访时，D 组的平均疼痛评分为 5.58±1.34，N 组为 4.56±1.48，差异显著（P<0.001）。两组患者的出血量在首次随访时均未明显减少，但在随后的随访中均明显减少。副作用在各组间无明显差异。结论就减轻疼痛而言，外用硝苯地平比地尔硫卓治疗肛裂更有效。不过，两种药物在减少出血方面的疗效相当，副作用也无明显差异。
{"title":"COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF TOPICAL NIFEDIPINE AND DILTIAZEM IN THE TREATMENT OF ANAL FISSURES","authors":".. Sadia, S. Naseer, A. Farooqi, I. Zulfikar, S. Saeed, HH Shah","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.782","url":null,"abstract":"Anal fissure, a tear in the anal canal below the dentate line, is commonly managed pharmacologically as the primary approach, with surgery considered secondary. Objective: To compare the efficacy of topical nifedipine and diltiazem in the prompt resolution of pain and bleeding associated with anal fissure management. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from June 2023 to November 2023. One hundred patients with anal fissures were randomly allocated into two groups: Group N (Nifedipine) and Group D (Diltiazem). Topical medication was administered until healing occurred. The visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed the patient's progress in terms of bleeding and pain. Side effects were monitored. Statistical analysis included an independent t-test for comparing VAS scores and a post-stratification chi-square test for associations between bleeding, side effects, and other variables. Results: At baseline, mean pain scores were 8.30±0.90 in group D and 7.78±1.29 in group N. At the first follow-up, mean pain scores were 5.58±1.34 in group D and 4.56±1.48 in group N, with a significant difference (p<0.001). Bleeding did not significantly decrease at the first follow-up but decreased significantly at the subsequent follow-ups in both groups. Side effects did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Topical nifedipine is more effective than diltiazem for managing anal fissures in terms of pain reduction. However, both medications showed comparable efficacy in reducing bleeding, with no significant difference in side effects observed.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.783
Ssu Hassan, T. Hiraj, A. Nadeem
Breast abscesses can lead to significant morbidity and have a negative impact on quality of life. This study aimed to compare recurrence rates after incision and drainage versus aspiration techniques in managing breast abscesses. Objective: To compare the outcome of incision and drainage versus aspiration techniques in managing breast abscesses, specifically recurrence rates. Methods: This study employed a Randomized Controlled Trial design and was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, over a period of six months from July 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020. A total of 60 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups: Group A underwent needle aspiration, while Group B underwent incision and drainage. Both groups received a 10-day course of tab. Ciprofloxacin 500mg BD and tab danzen DS BD. The researcher performed all the procedures. Patients were followed for two weeks, and recurrence of the abscess was recorded as either "yes" or "no". Results: The study included 60 patients with a mean age of 25.58 ± 3.64 years. Of these, 35 (58.3%) were from rural areas and 25 (41.7%) from urban areas. Seventeen (28.3%) patients were unmarried, and 43 (71.7%) were married. The mean body mass index was 25.12 ± 1.97 kg/m2, with obesity present in 7 (11.7%) patients. Thirty-five (58.3%) patients were lactating, with a mean abscess duration of 3.25 ± 0.57 months. The mean abscess size was 1.20 ± 0.18 centimeters, with 55 (91.7%) abscesses ≤ 2 centimeters in size. Diabetes was not present in any patients. Recurrence occurred in 15 (25.0%) patients, with a recurrence rate of 13.3% in Group A and 36.7% in Group B (p = 0.072). Conclusion: The recurrence of breast abscesses was lower in the aspiration group compared to the incision and drainage group. These findings support the use of needle aspiration techniques for the management of breast abscesses. Surgeons treating such patients should consider employing aspiration techniques to achieve better outcomes, thereby reducing the burden of related morbidities and mortalities.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF OUTCOME (IN TERMS OF RECURRENCE) OF INCISION & DRAINAGE VERSUS ASPIRATION OF BREAST ABSCESS","authors":"Ssu Hassan, T. Hiraj, A. Nadeem","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.783","url":null,"abstract":"Breast abscesses can lead to significant morbidity and have a negative impact on quality of life. This study aimed to compare recurrence rates after incision and drainage versus aspiration techniques in managing breast abscesses. Objective: To compare the outcome of incision and drainage versus aspiration techniques in managing breast abscesses, specifically recurrence rates. Methods: This study employed a Randomized Controlled Trial design and was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, over a period of six months from July 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020. A total of 60 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups: Group A underwent needle aspiration, while Group B underwent incision and drainage. Both groups received a 10-day course of tab. Ciprofloxacin 500mg BD and tab danzen DS BD. The researcher performed all the procedures. Patients were followed for two weeks, and recurrence of the abscess was recorded as either \"yes\" or \"no\". Results: The study included 60 patients with a mean age of 25.58 ± 3.64 years. Of these, 35 (58.3%) were from rural areas and 25 (41.7%) from urban areas. Seventeen (28.3%) patients were unmarried, and 43 (71.7%) were married. The mean body mass index was 25.12 ± 1.97 kg/m2, with obesity present in 7 (11.7%) patients. Thirty-five (58.3%) patients were lactating, with a mean abscess duration of 3.25 ± 0.57 months. The mean abscess size was 1.20 ± 0.18 centimeters, with 55 (91.7%) abscesses ≤ 2 centimeters in size. Diabetes was not present in any patients. Recurrence occurred in 15 (25.0%) patients, with a recurrence rate of 13.3% in Group A and 36.7% in Group B (p = 0.072). Conclusion: The recurrence of breast abscesses was lower in the aspiration group compared to the incision and drainage group. These findings support the use of needle aspiration techniques for the management of breast abscesses. Surgeons treating such patients should consider employing aspiration techniques to achieve better outcomes, thereby reducing the burden of related morbidities and mortalities.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.789
RA Yaqoob, MA Mustafa, GM Zafar, Maa Javaid, UB Butt
Iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysms pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating prompt intervention to prevent complications. Despite advancements in endovascular techniques, optimal surgical strategies remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate surgical treatment's technical and clinical outcomes for these pseudoaneurysms. Objective: To assess the technical success and clinical outcomes following surgical repair of iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan between July 2022 and July 2023. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysms underwent surgical repair. It was followed up for one, three, and six months using Duplex ultrasound and CT angiography. Data were analyzed to evaluate surgical techniques, technical success rates, and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: All patients (n=60) underwent successful surgical repair with various techniques: primary repair (n=30), repair with vein patch angioplasty (n=15), interposition reversed saphenous vein graft (n=10), and interposition synthetic Dacron graft (n=5). Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases, with no limb loss or intraoperative/postoperative mortality. The presenting symptoms were resolved in all patients, with one case of postoperative groin wound infection being effectively managed with antibiotics and debridement. Conclusion: Open surgical repair of femoral pseudoaneurysms demonstrates excellent technical feasibility and serves as a first-line treatment for iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysm-associated complications. These findings support surgical intervention as a practical approach to managing these challenging cases.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SURGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF IATROGENIC GIANT FEMORAL ARTERY PSEUDOANEURYSMS","authors":"RA Yaqoob, MA Mustafa, GM Zafar, Maa Javaid, UB Butt","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.789","url":null,"abstract":"Iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysms pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating prompt intervention to prevent complications. Despite advancements in endovascular techniques, optimal surgical strategies remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate surgical treatment's technical and clinical outcomes for these pseudoaneurysms. Objective: To assess the technical success and clinical outcomes following surgical repair of iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan between July 2022 and July 2023. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysms underwent surgical repair. It was followed up for one, three, and six months using Duplex ultrasound and CT angiography. Data were analyzed to evaluate surgical techniques, technical success rates, and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: All patients (n=60) underwent successful surgical repair with various techniques: primary repair (n=30), repair with vein patch angioplasty (n=15), interposition reversed saphenous vein graft (n=10), and interposition synthetic Dacron graft (n=5). Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases, with no limb loss or intraoperative/postoperative mortality. The presenting symptoms were resolved in all patients, with one case of postoperative groin wound infection being effectively managed with antibiotics and debridement. Conclusion: Open surgical repair of femoral pseudoaneurysms demonstrates excellent technical feasibility and serves as a first-line treatment for iatrogenic giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysm-associated complications. These findings support surgical intervention as a practical approach to managing these challenging cases.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.788
KA Saldera, TA Khan, Ubk Samo, S. Mehboob
There is a conflicting opinion regarding the association between age and breast cancer in women. This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological findings of findings and features of diagnosed patients of breast cancer about their age and radiological findings of lesions and to determine the relation of aggressive findings in different age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Radiological Department, JPMC, Karachi, from September 2022- September 2023. To ascertain if the histological characteristics of the tumors were connected to the age of the patient, the histology reports of 100 women with breast cancer diagnoses underwent examination. Grading of their cancer based on BIRAD Classification was done on the radiological findings of ultrasound and mammography. Patients between 15 and 65 years were split into five different age groups. Patients who were naive and had never had any surgical or medicinal treatment for cancer before were included. After obtaining consent, a detailed questionnaire with the required data and physical and chemical parameters was completed. Tissue samples in studies mainly included trust biopsies, large mass removal, and tissues from mastectomies. Results: People under the age of 40 were shown to have a higher incidence of grade III infiltrating ductal carcinoma (P 0.0001). Lobular carcinomas were observed more frequently in the elderly group. With advancing age, there was a discernible decline in lymphoplasmacytic stromal response, axillary lymph node metastases, and vascular invasion, all unaffected by tumor grade. Conclusion: These findings imply that the histology of breast cancer may alter with age and that older patients may exhibit less aggressive characteristics in some circumstances.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING RADIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF BREAST CANCER WITH AGE AT JINNAH POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL CENTRE, KARACHI","authors":"KA Saldera, TA Khan, Ubk Samo, S. Mehboob","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.788","url":null,"abstract":"There is a conflicting opinion regarding the association between age and breast cancer in women. This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological findings of findings and features of diagnosed patients of breast cancer about their age and radiological findings of lesions and to determine the relation of aggressive findings in different age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Radiological Department, JPMC, Karachi, from September 2022- September 2023. To ascertain if the histological characteristics of the tumors were connected to the age of the patient, the histology reports of 100 women with breast cancer diagnoses underwent examination. Grading of their cancer based on BIRAD Classification was done on the radiological findings of ultrasound and mammography. Patients between 15 and 65 years were split into five different age groups. Patients who were naive and had never had any surgical or medicinal treatment for cancer before were included. After obtaining consent, a detailed questionnaire with the required data and physical and chemical parameters was completed. Tissue samples in studies mainly included trust biopsies, large mass removal, and tissues from mastectomies. Results: People under the age of 40 were shown to have a higher incidence of grade III infiltrating ductal carcinoma (P 0.0001). Lobular carcinomas were observed more frequently in the elderly group. With advancing age, there was a discernible decline in lymphoplasmacytic stromal response, axillary lymph node metastases, and vascular invasion, all unaffected by tumor grade. Conclusion: These findings imply that the histology of breast cancer may alter with age and that older patients may exhibit less aggressive characteristics in some circumstances.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.790
F. Kalsoom, S. Tariq, U. Zafar, K. Mushtaq
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. A complete diagnosis assessment is essential for patients with suspected CAD since it influences many treatment decisions. Invasive coronary angiography is the gold standard for detecting CAD. Objective: To investigate the diagnostic effectiveness of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in diagnosing coronary artery disease. Method: This cross-sectional research comprised 100 patients with suspected coronary artery disease admitted to the Chaudhary Pervez Ellahi Institute of Cardiology Hospital between March 2022 and March 2023. All patients received a coronary CTA and coronary angiography. The findings of the patients' coronary CTAs and coronary angiography were evaluated. The practical uses of coronary CTA in the identification of CAD were investigated, as well as the identification and coincidence frequency of coronary CTA for assessing the degree of coronary stenosis. Results: There were no significant differences between coronary CTAs and coronary angiographies in detecting positive CAD or coronary stenosis. Regarding identifying coronary artery disease, coronary CTA had a sensitivity of 81.69% (58/71) and a specificity of 75.8% (22/29). The positive predictive value was 90.6% (58/64), while the negative predictive value was 62.8% (22/35). The coronary CTA findings revealed that 18 patients had coronary stenosis of no more than 70% and 40 patients had coronary stenosis of more than 70% among the total 58 patients with coronary artery disease that were found using both coronary angiography and coronary CTA. According to the findings of the coronary angiography, there were 37 patients with coronary stenosis greater than 70% and 21 patients with coronary stenosis below seventy percent. P value p=0.326 indicates that no significant differences were detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, coronary CTA has a beneficial and valuable role in the early detection of CAD. It is non-invasive and simple to use. Furthermore, coronary CTA can precisely find the locations of coronary stenosis and determine the degree of stenosis. As a result, it merits widespread adoption as a CAD screening tool.
{"title":"THE USEFULNESS OF CORONARY CTA IN IDENTIFYING CASES OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE","authors":"F. Kalsoom, S. Tariq, U. Zafar, K. Mushtaq","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.790","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. A complete diagnosis assessment is essential for patients with suspected CAD since it influences many treatment decisions. Invasive coronary angiography is the gold standard for detecting CAD. Objective: To investigate the diagnostic effectiveness of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in diagnosing coronary artery disease. Method: This cross-sectional research comprised 100 patients with suspected coronary artery disease admitted to the Chaudhary Pervez Ellahi Institute of Cardiology Hospital between March 2022 and March 2023. All patients received a coronary CTA and coronary angiography. The findings of the patients' coronary CTAs and coronary angiography were evaluated. The practical uses of coronary CTA in the identification of CAD were investigated, as well as the identification and coincidence frequency of coronary CTA for assessing the degree of coronary stenosis. Results: There were no significant differences between coronary CTAs and coronary angiographies in detecting positive CAD or coronary stenosis. Regarding identifying coronary artery disease, coronary CTA had a sensitivity of 81.69% (58/71) and a specificity of 75.8% (22/29). The positive predictive value was 90.6% (58/64), while the negative predictive value was 62.8% (22/35). The coronary CTA findings revealed that 18 patients had coronary stenosis of no more than 70% and 40 patients had coronary stenosis of more than 70% among the total 58 patients with coronary artery disease that were found using both coronary angiography and coronary CTA. According to the findings of the coronary angiography, there were 37 patients with coronary stenosis greater than 70% and 21 patients with coronary stenosis below seventy percent. P value p=0.326 indicates that no significant differences were detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, coronary CTA has a beneficial and valuable role in the early detection of CAD. It is non-invasive and simple to use. Furthermore, coronary CTA can precisely find the locations of coronary stenosis and determine the degree of stenosis. As a result, it merits widespread adoption as a CAD screening tool.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.769
G. Shafae, M ALI, Haa Khan
Dengue fever, caused by the Aedes mosquito-borne dengue virus, is still a major public health concern in many parts of the world, including Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore region is regarded as a dengue fever hotspot due to the large number of cases reported each year. The purpose of this research is to give an in-depth analysis of dengue mosquito dynamics in Lahore, with a particular emphasis on determining the influence of dengue epidemics and environmental factors. The current study was based on survey comprising 240 individuals from Lahore. In the study findings, 82.08% were positive cases and 17.91% were negative cases. The majority of respondents, were aware of the symptoms of dengue infection (62.33%), its transmission (90.83%), the cause of dengue (61%), safety precautions (73.33%), and the organ infected by the dengue virus (66.25). However, the majority of people are still clueless. 70% of participants indicate that television is their primary information source. Dengue fever cases have been found to have a seasonal pattern, peaking during the monsoon season (45.41%) when mosquito breeding conditions are perfect. The study's findings revealed that Aedes mosquitos, particularly Aedes aegypti, were widespread and identified as the primary vectors (61.66%) of dengue transmission in Lahore. It was revealed that temperature (49.58%), and rainfall all affected the number of Aedes mosquitoes. Overall, 81.6% were satisfied with Governmental efforts against the spread of dengue fever. Improved public knowledge is necessary to reduce dengue virus incidence. The findings of this study can assist public health professionals and legislators in developing targeted measures to mitigate the consequences of dengue epidemics and protect the public from this terrible infection.
{"title":"AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF DENGUE MOSQUITO DYNAMICS IN LAHORE: UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF DENGUE OUTBREAKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS","authors":"G. Shafae, M ALI, Haa Khan","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.769","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever, caused by the Aedes mosquito-borne dengue virus, is still a major public health concern in many parts of the world, including Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore region is regarded as a dengue fever hotspot due to the large number of cases reported each year. The purpose of this research is to give an in-depth analysis of dengue mosquito dynamics in Lahore, with a particular emphasis on determining the influence of dengue epidemics and environmental factors. The current study was based on survey comprising 240 individuals from Lahore. In the study findings, 82.08% were positive cases and 17.91% were negative cases. The majority of respondents, were aware of the symptoms of dengue infection (62.33%), its transmission (90.83%), the cause of dengue (61%), safety precautions (73.33%), and the organ infected by the dengue virus (66.25). However, the majority of people are still clueless. 70% of participants indicate that television is their primary information source. Dengue fever cases have been found to have a seasonal pattern, peaking during the monsoon season (45.41%) when mosquito breeding conditions are perfect. The study's findings revealed that Aedes mosquitos, particularly Aedes aegypti, were widespread and identified as the primary vectors (61.66%) of dengue transmission in Lahore. It was revealed that temperature (49.58%), and rainfall all affected the number of Aedes mosquitoes. Overall, 81.6% were satisfied with Governmental efforts against the spread of dengue fever. Improved public knowledge is necessary to reduce dengue virus incidence. The findings of this study can assist public health professionals and legislators in developing targeted measures to mitigate the consequences of dengue epidemics and protect the public from this terrible infection.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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