Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4c2a
Markus Sebastian Feser, Thorid Rabe, Inka Haak
The present study investigates on an exploratory level the extent to which the sense of belonging that university physics students experienced in their physics classes in secondary school impacts their intention to drop out or alter their course of study in higher education. Analysing data collected between April and June 2022 among first-year physics students at 20 German universities (N = 263), we find a significant and negative effect on the part of participants’ (remembered) sense of belonging in school physics classes on their intention to drop out or change their studies. Parallel mediation analysis further reveals that this effect is fully mediated by students’ current sense of belonging to physics and their university. Notably, the indirect effect via participants’ current sense of belonging to physics is approximately four times as high as the indirect effect via university belonging. These results emphasise the importance of social embeddedness in early physics experiences on students’ academic development in higher education. Limitations of these results as well as implications regarding a potential improvement of persistence and satisfaction within physics-related higher-education programs are outlined at the end of this paper.
{"title":"Echoes of social experience: Tracing the link between a sense of belonging in school physics classes and physics students’ persistence in higher education","authors":"Markus Sebastian Feser, Thorid Rabe, Inka Haak","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4c2a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4c2a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study investigates on an exploratory level the extent to which the sense of belonging that university physics students experienced in their physics classes in secondary school impacts their intention to drop out or alter their course of study in higher education. Analysing data collected between April and June 2022 among first-year physics students at 20 German universities (N = 263), we find a significant and negative effect on the part of participants’ (remembered) sense of belonging in school physics classes on their intention to drop out or change their studies. Parallel mediation analysis further reveals that this effect is fully mediated by students’ current sense of belonging to physics and their university. Notably, the indirect effect via participants’ current sense of belonging to physics is approximately four times as high as the indirect effect via university belonging. These results emphasise the importance of social embeddedness in early physics experiences on students’ academic development in higher education. Limitations of these results as well as implications regarding a potential improvement of persistence and satisfaction within physics-related higher-education programs are outlined at the end of this paper.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b75
J. J. Teixeira, Marta Gonçalves, A A Soares
This work presents and analyzes the acceleration data inside an aircraft during a parabolic flight. The data used was obtained during flight from the aircraft's automatic recordings and from a portable data-logger with a built-in 3-axis accelerometer connected to a graphic calculator. The comparison of the accelerations obtained by the two methods shows a good agreement; however, during the higher accelerations about -18 m/s2, the discrepancies reach values of 10%. From the fit curves to the altitude data during each parabolic manoeuver performed by the aircraft, it was possible to estimate martian and lunar gravity, as well as the values of the acceleration of gravity during the microgravity moments. The analysis presented can also help improve understanding of the concepts of inertial forces and the equivalence between gravity and acceleration.
{"title":"Acceleration inside an aircraft in parabolic flight","authors":"J. J. Teixeira, Marta Gonçalves, A A Soares","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b75","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work presents and analyzes the acceleration data inside an aircraft during a parabolic flight. The data used was obtained during flight from the aircraft's automatic recordings and from a portable data-logger with a built-in 3-axis accelerometer connected to a graphic calculator. The comparison of the accelerations obtained by the two methods shows a good agreement; however, during the higher accelerations about -18 m/s2, the discrepancies reach values of 10%. From the fit curves to the altitude data during each parabolic manoeuver performed by the aircraft, it was possible to estimate martian and lunar gravity, as well as the values of the acceleration of gravity during the microgravity moments. The analysis presented can also help improve understanding of the concepts of inertial forces and the equivalence between gravity and acceleration.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b77
J. Gómez-Tejedor, Eduard Blasco-Pérez, Jaime Riera
As propulsive systems are challenging for undergraduates to understand, it is essential to design experiments that can help their visualization and testing. The development of digital technology (high-speed cameras, digital tracking software, or 3D printers) facilitates the implementation of such designs. We proposed to study the thrust produced by a propeller, whose operating principles are based on the conservation of linear momentum. The study was carried out on an air track to avoid frictional forces. Several system characteristics were established, such as the propellor’s rotation speed and angle of attack and different magnitudes were determined, including the dynamic thrust and static force values. 3D CAD software was used to design the propellers for the experiments, and 3D printers to produce them.
由于推进系统对于本科生来说是一个难以理解的问题，因此设计有助于可视化和测试的实验至关重要。数字技术（高速相机、数字跟踪软件或 3D 打印机）的发展为实现此类设计提供了便利。我们提议研究螺旋桨产生的推力，其工作原理是基于线性动量守恒。研究在空气轨道上进行，以避免摩擦力。我们确定了几个系统特征，如螺旋桨的旋转速度和攻角，并确定了不同的推力大小，包括动态推力和静态力值。实验使用 3D CAD 软件设计螺旋桨，并使用 3D 打印机制作螺旋桨。
{"title":"Experimental analysis of propeller thrust in an undergraduate physics laboratory","authors":"J. Gómez-Tejedor, Eduard Blasco-Pérez, Jaime Riera","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b77","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As propulsive systems are challenging for undergraduates to understand, it is essential to design experiments that can help their visualization and testing. The development of digital technology (high-speed cameras, digital tracking software, or 3D printers) facilitates the implementation of such designs. We proposed to study the thrust produced by a propeller, whose operating principles are based on the conservation of linear momentum. The study was carried out on an air track to avoid frictional forces. Several system characteristics were established, such as the propellor’s rotation speed and angle of attack and different magnitudes were determined, including the dynamic thrust and static force values. 3D CAD software was used to design the propellers for the experiments, and 3D printers to produce them.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b76
Alejandro Morales, J. R. Morones-Ibarra, Jorge A. Montemayor-Aldrete
Normally, the properties of evanescent optical waves are obtained by developing the Fresnel equations that are expressed in the complex numbers field when the incident angle exceeds the critical angle. Instead of using complex numbers, here we use real functions and the mathematical concept of linear independence to obtain all the properties of the evanescent wave.
{"title":"Properties of classical evanescent waves obtained by using the linear independence concept.","authors":"Alejandro Morales, J. R. Morones-Ibarra, Jorge A. Montemayor-Aldrete","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4b76","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Normally, the properties of evanescent optical waves are obtained by developing the Fresnel equations that are expressed in the complex numbers field when the incident angle exceeds the critical angle. Instead of using complex numbers, here we use real functions and the mathematical concept of linear independence to obtain all the properties of the evanescent wave.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4aa3
Leonardo Motta, R. Dutra, Leandro de Oliveira Pereira, André da Silva Ramos de Faria, Marcio Velloso, Antônio C. F. Santos
In this work, we discuss the feasibility of the well-known classical polar curves (limacons, roses, and logarithmic spirals), studied in calculus courses, to emerge naturally as trajectories of a mass-spring system, limited to moving along a passing axis that rotates in a uniform circular motion with controlled angular velocity. Simulations using the free software Modellus visually show how the appearance of polar curves is closely related to the initial conditions of the problem. A discussion about the physical reality of more general orbits, with multiple return points, is presented considering the attractive and repulsive character of the central force field promoted by the elastic force present in the system considered.
{"title":"A mechanical model for polar curves","authors":"Leonardo Motta, R. Dutra, Leandro de Oliveira Pereira, André da Silva Ramos de Faria, Marcio Velloso, Antônio C. F. Santos","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4aa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4aa3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, we discuss the feasibility of the well-known classical polar curves (limacons, roses, and logarithmic spirals), studied in calculus courses, to emerge naturally as trajectories of a mass-spring system, limited to moving along a passing axis that rotates in a uniform circular motion with controlled angular velocity. Simulations using the free software Modellus visually show how the appearance of polar curves is closely related to the initial conditions of the problem. A discussion about the physical reality of more general orbits, with multiple return points, is presented considering the attractive and repulsive character of the central force field promoted by the elastic force present in the system considered.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad492f
Augusto Beléndez, J. Sirvent-Verdú, Tomás Lloret, José Carlos García Vázquez, R. Ramirez-Vazquez, Stephan Marini
The behaviour of a parallel-plate capacitor connected to a sinusoidal alternating voltage is analysed and the electric and magnetic fields, as well as the electric and magnetic energies inside the capacitor are obtained. Aspects related to Maxwell’s equations, the Poynting vector and the conservation of electromagnetic energy are also discussed. Under certain conditions the electromagnetic energy stored in the capacitor remains constant and the behaviour of the capacitor at high frequencies is like that of an oscillating L-C circuit consisting of an inductor and a capacitor. The general situation is considered, valid for both low and high frequencies, and what is discussed here is of interest to students of an undergraduate electrodynamics course.
{"title":"Capacitor connected to an alternating voltage: Maxwell’s equations, Poynting’s theorem and oscillating L-C circuits","authors":"Augusto Beléndez, J. Sirvent-Verdú, Tomás Lloret, José Carlos García Vázquez, R. Ramirez-Vazquez, Stephan Marini","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad492f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad492f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The behaviour of a parallel-plate capacitor connected to a sinusoidal alternating voltage is analysed and the electric and magnetic fields, as well as the electric and magnetic energies inside the capacitor are obtained. Aspects related to Maxwell’s equations, the Poynting vector and the conservation of electromagnetic energy are also discussed. Under certain conditions the electromagnetic energy stored in the capacitor remains constant and the behaviour of the capacitor at high frequencies is like that of an oscillating L-C circuit consisting of an inductor and a capacitor. The general situation is considered, valid for both low and high frequencies, and what is discussed here is of interest to students of an undergraduate electrodynamics course.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4932
R. G. Dias, L. Madail, Anastasiya Lykholat, Ricardo Andrade, A. M. Marques
In this paper, we address the topological characterization of the wave equation solutions in continuous two-dimensional (2D) periodic geometries with Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. This characterization is relevant in the context of 2D vibrating membranes and our approach allows one to understand the topological behavior recently observed in acoustic three-dimensional (3D) artificial lattices. In particular, the dependence of the topological behavior on the experimental positioning of the coupling channels is explained using simple arguments and a simple method of construction of an equivalent effective tight-binding Hamiltonian is presented.
{"title":"Topological wave equation eigenmodes in continuous 2D periodic geometries","authors":"R. G. Dias, L. Madail, Anastasiya Lykholat, Ricardo Andrade, A. M. Marques","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4932","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we address the topological characterization of the wave equation solutions in continuous two-dimensional (2D) periodic geometries with Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. This characterization is relevant in the context of 2D vibrating membranes and our approach allows one to understand the topological behavior recently observed in acoustic three-dimensional (3D) artificial lattices. In particular, the dependence of the topological behavior on the experimental positioning of the coupling channels is explained using simple arguments and a simple method of construction of an equivalent effective tight-binding Hamiltonian is presented.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4933
S. Pal, Soumen Sarkar, P. Panchadhyayee, Debapriyo Syam
We have designed an experiment that involves studying the effects of a conducting plate on the motion of an oscillating disc magnet. We have employed the video analysis method by ‘Tracker’ software to investigate the variation of electromagnetic damping coefficient with distance between the plate and the magnet. This experiment can indeed serve as a valuable educational tool for undergraduate students, covering topics such as damped oscillation, electromagnetic damping, Lenz's law, and eddy currents.
{"title":"Study of the effect of electromagnetic damping force on a magnet oscillating near a non-ferromagnetic conducting plate","authors":"S. Pal, Soumen Sarkar, P. Panchadhyayee, Debapriyo Syam","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4933","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We have designed an experiment that involves studying the effects of a conducting plate on the motion of an oscillating disc magnet. We have employed the video analysis method by ‘Tracker’ software to investigate the variation of electromagnetic damping coefficient with distance between the plate and the magnet. This experiment can indeed serve as a valuable educational tool for undergraduate students, covering topics such as damped oscillation, electromagnetic damping, Lenz's law, and eddy currents.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4930
Mark Denny
A number of fundamental characteristics of earthquake physics are reproduced by simple stick-slip friction models. These include creep motion, stick/slip periodic earthquakes, reduced frequency of occurrence for more energetic quakes, ground velocity proportional to slip duration, and ground displacement proportional to fault length. By confining attention to one dimension, these results are obtained analytically. Though many earthquake characteristics cannot be reproduced in a one-dimensional model, our simple approach nevertheless has pedagogical value in providing insight into some of the complicated dynamics of earthquakes.
{"title":"Friction models of one-dimensional earthquakes","authors":"Mark Denny","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4930","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A number of fundamental characteristics of earthquake physics are reproduced by simple stick-slip friction models. These include creep motion, stick/slip periodic earthquakes, reduced frequency of occurrence for more energetic quakes, ground velocity proportional to slip duration, and ground displacement proportional to fault length. By confining attention to one dimension, these results are obtained analytically. Though many earthquake characteristics cannot be reproduced in a one-dimensional model, our simple approach nevertheless has pedagogical value in providing insight into some of the complicated dynamics of earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4931
Sheng Chen, yanyi wu, Chang Xin, Baohua Teng
The electric potential U(θ) of a uniformly charged plane with a rose-curve shape (referred to as a "rose disk") satisfies a 'roselike curve function,' and there exists an asymptotic expression for the potential when the observation point is far from the rose disk. To validate the accuracy of the model, a constant electric current field was employed to simulate the electrostatic field. The potential distribution characteristics of uniformly charged circular discs and trilobal rose discs in the experimental setting were equivalently obtained by the experiment of electrolytic tank. The results indicate that under the non-idealized constraints of real experimental conditions, the asymptotic formula can be used as an analytical method to quickly study the rose disk potential.
{"title":"The potential of a uniformly charged planar structure with shape of a rose curve","authors":"Sheng Chen, yanyi wu, Chang Xin, Baohua Teng","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4931","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The electric potential U(θ) of a uniformly charged plane with a rose-curve shape (referred to as a \"rose disk\") satisfies a 'roselike curve function,' and there exists an asymptotic expression for the potential when the observation point is far from the rose disk. To validate the accuracy of the model, a constant electric current field was employed to simulate the electrostatic field. The potential distribution characteristics of uniformly charged circular discs and trilobal rose discs in the experimental setting were equivalently obtained by the experiment of electrolytic tank. The results indicate that under the non-idealized constraints of real experimental conditions, the asymptotic formula can be used as an analytical method to quickly study the rose disk potential.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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