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Simulation Modeling and Optimization of Traffic Flows in Local Sections of the Street Road Network Using AnyLogic 使用 AnyLogic 对街道路网局部路段的交通流进行仿真建模和优化
Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.183-189
E. A. Zaripov, A. M. Melnikov, A. S. Akopov
An approach to simulation modeling and optimization of traffic flows in local sections of the street road network using AnyLogic and heuristic algorithms is presented. A feature of this approach is the use of agent-based (ABM) and discrete-event simulation methods supported in the AnyLogic system. An original swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is proposed, modified for the problem of optimizing road traffic on a real section of the road (near the Yugo-Zapadnaya metro station in Moscow). Numerical experiments were performed to confirm the possibility of optimizing the duration of traffic light phases in order to minimize the average travel time of vehicles on a simulated section of the street road network.
本文介绍了一种利用 AnyLogic 和启发式算法对街道路网局部路段的交通流进行仿真建模和优化的方法。这种方法的一个特点是使用 AnyLogic 系统支持的基于代理(ABM)和离散事件的模拟方法。针对实际路段(莫斯科 Yugo-Zapadnaya 地铁站附近)的道路交通优化问题,提出了一种经过修改的原始蜂群优化算法(PSO)。进行了数值实验,以确认优化交通灯相位持续时间的可能性,从而最大限度地减少街道路网模拟路段上车辆的平均行驶时间。
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引用次数: 0
A Method for Constructing the Resulting Scale for Objects Presented in Interval Estimates in Multi-Criteria Evaluation and Selection Tasks 为多标准评价和选择任务中的区间估算对象构建结果量表的方法
Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.171-183
V. P. Korneenko
For the tasks of multi-criteria evaluation and selection under uncertainty conditions, the most accurate is the presentation of object estimates in an interval form, which allows you to preserve the completeness of information. The correct application of the additive data aggregation mechanism in multi-criteria problems presented in various measurement scales requires that the initial estimates be transformed into the resulting homogeneous scales characterized by the same scope and number of gradations. At the same time, there is a problem of converting interval estimates into point estimates. The idea of the method for intersecting interval estimates and a large number of objects is to construct a histogram, and then equally divide the original measurement scale into segments, the numbers of which are identified with the point gradations of the resulting scale. An example of solving the problem of multi-criteria evaluation and comparison of a civil helicopter project relative to competitors in terms of tactical and technical characteristics and with interval-set sales prices is given.
对于不确定条件下的多标准评价和选择任务,最准确的方法是以区间形式呈现对象估计值,这样可以保持信息的完整性。要在以不同测量尺度呈现的多标准问题中正确应用加法数据汇总机制,就必须将初始估计值转化为由此产生的同质尺度,其特点是范围和级数相同。同时,还存在将区间估计值转换为点估计值的问题。将区间估计值与大量对象相交的方法的思路是构建一个直方图,然后将原始测量尺度平均分成若干段,这些段的数量与所得尺度的点级相一致。举例说明了如何解决民用直升机项目在战术和技术特点方面与竞争对手进行多标准评估和比较的问题,以及销售价格的区间设定问题。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed Ledger Performance Metrics: An Overview 分布式账本性能指标:概述
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.133-139
A. T. Dzhonov, S. M. Avdoshin
Currently, there is an active use of distributed registry technology in various sectors of the economy by providing transparency, improving tracking of actions within processes, and ensuring trust in open systems. There is a need to evaluate the performance of distributed registries based on measurable indicators. The article presents an overview of distributed registries performance indicators, methods to improve the efficiency and evaluation of distributed registries.
目前,各经济部门都在积极使用分布式登记册技术,以提供透明度,改进对流程内行动的跟踪,并确保对开放系统的信任。有必要根据可衡量的指标来评估分布式注册表的性能。本文概述了分布式注册表的性能指标、提高效率的方法以及对分布式注册表的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Model of an Expert System for Forecasting Forest Fires Based on a Bayesian Belief Network 基于贝叶斯信念网络的森林火灾预测专家系统模型
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.124-132
S. A. Ivanov
The article discusses the development of an expert system (ES) for predicting the occurrence of forest fires. The problems and technology of implementing a system based on Bayesian trust networks are defined. A forecasting expert system model has been developed. The ES is implemented and an example of calculating the probability distribution at a system node is given. The operation of the proposed expert system is shown.
文章讨论了用于预测森林火灾发生的专家系统(ES)的开发。文章定义了基于贝叶斯信任网络的系统实施问题和技术。开发了一个预测专家系统模型。实现了专家系统,并给出了计算系统节点概率分布的示例。展示了拟议专家系统的运行情况。
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引用次数: 0
Automation of Calculations in the Design of an Integrated Energy System Based on its Digital Twin 基于数字孪生系统的综合能源系统设计计算自动化
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.140-149
V. Stennikov, E. Barakhtenko, D. V. Sokolov, G. Mayorov
The construction of integrated energy systems (IES) based on traditional energy systems that operate separately ensures higher efficiency and reliability of energy supply to consumers. IES are complex objects for design. The digital twin is a tool that allows one to integrate all the tools necessary for design in a single information space. Software tools that implement the digital twin of IES and are developed for their design require high flexibility in organizing calculations, which is due to the need to simulate a variety of equipment and involve a wide set of methods and mathematical models. Automating the construction of the computing subsystem is an effective solution to overcome the above difficulties. The article proposes a methodological approach to automating the construction of the computing subsystem of the digital twin of the IES. In accordance with the proposed approach, automated construction is performed on the basis of a software platform using modern metaprogramming tools. When building, the concept of Model-Driven Engineering is implemented and knowledge formalized in the form of ontologies is used. The article outlines the components of the proposed methodological approach to automating the construction of the computing subsystem of the digital twin of the IES, which include the following: principles of software platform development; software platform architecture; technique for automated construction of the digital twin computing subsystem; principles for ensuring the universality of software components. The digital twin obtained as a result of the practical application of the proposed methodological approach makes it possible to carry out computer and mathematical modeling of the IES in the virtual space, exploring various configurations of its construction. The implementation of modeling within the framework of the digital twin of IES makes it possible to implement flexible and efficient approaches to solving the problems of designing IES and to obtain design recommendations that can be implemented when building real IES. Keywords: methodological approach, digital twin, automation of computing, automation of programming, Model-Driven Engineering, metaprogramming, ontology, integrated energy system
在单独运行的传统能源系统基础上建设综合能源系统(IES),可确保向用户提供更高效、更可靠的能源。综合能源系统是复杂的设计对象。数字孪生是一种工具,可以将设计所需的所有工具集成到一个信息空间中。实现 IES 数字孪生的软件工具以及为其设计而开发的软件工具在组织计算时需要高度的灵活性,这是因为需要模拟各种设备,并涉及一系列广泛的方法和数学模型。自动构建计算子系统是克服上述困难的有效解决方案。文章提出了一种方法论方法,用于自动构建 IES 数字孪生计算子系统。根据提出的方法,自动化构建是在使用现代元编程工具的软件平台基础上进行的。在构建过程中,采用了模型驱动工程的概念,并使用了本体形式化的知识。文章概述了所建议的自动构建国际空间站数字孪生计算子系统的方法的组成部分,其中包括:软件平台开发原则;软件平台架构;自动构建数字孪生计算子系统的技术;确保软件组件通用性的原则。通过实际应用所提出的方法论而获得的数字孪生,可以在虚拟空间中对 IES 进行计算机和数学建模,探索其结构的各种配置。在国际空间环境设计数字孪生模型的框架内实施建模,可以采用灵活有效的方法解决国际空间环境设计问题,并获得设计建议,这些建议可在建造真实的国际空间环境设计时实施。关键词:方法论;数字孪生;计算自动化;编程自动化;模型驱动工程;元编程;本体;综合能源系统
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence Methods in Automated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Control Systems 无人机自动控制系统中的人工智能方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.115-123
G. S. Veresnikov, A. Skryabin
One of the main problems in ensuring the unmanned aerial systems (UAS) safety and control performance indicators is the operational analysis organization of heterogeneous data coming from on-board sensors and the formation of adequate recommendations and decisions on their basis of flight missions implementation. In recent years, there have been many research papers devoted to solving this problem using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. The article discusses AI methods for using in tasks related to UAS. We have described the sources of information to generate the data necessary for the application of AI methods. We have classified typical tasks of computer vision and navigation systems for solving using AI methods. We have analyzed the generally accepted classification of AI methods within the scope of the research subject. At the same time, special attention is paid to the features of AI methods that allow solving many well-known problems of recognition, approximation, optimization for UAS target and navigation tasks realization and effective operator support. In particular, we have considered neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, genetic, ant colony algorithms, artificial immune systems. Currently, the hardware allows integrating complex algorithms based on these methods on board and widely using them in flight missions. The results of the study conducted as part of the review are illustrated by examples from the scientific publications.
确保无人机系统(UAS)安全和控制性能指标的主要问题之一,是对机载传感器传来的异构数据进行运行分析组织,并在其基础上形成适当的建议和决定,以执行飞行任务。近年来,有许多研究论文致力于利用人工智能(AI)方法解决这一问题。本文讨论了用于无人机系统相关任务的人工智能方法。我们介绍了生成应用人工智能方法所需数据的信息来源。我们对使用人工智能方法解决计算机视觉和导航系统的典型任务进行了分类。我们分析了研究课题范围内公认的人工智能方法分类。同时,我们还特别关注了人工智能方法的特点,这些方法可以解决许多众所周知的问题,如识别、近似、优化无人机系统目标和导航任务的实现以及有效的操作员支持。我们特别考虑了神经网络、决策树、支持向量机、k 近邻算法、遗传算法、蚁群算法和人工免疫系统。目前,硬件可以将基于这些方法的复杂算法集成到机上,并在飞行任务中广泛使用。科学出版物中的实例说明了作为审查一部分进行的研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Opportunities to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Death by Improving Machine Learning Methods 通过改进机器学习方法降低心血管疾病死亡风险的机会
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.159-167
M. R. Bogdanov, G. R. Shakhmametova, I. S. Shaibakov, N. Oskin
Improving algorithms for automatic recognition of electrocardiograms requires increasing of training dataset, which is not always possible due to the rarity of certain cardiac diseases or ethical issues. It is possible to improve the algorithms for generating synthetic electrocardiograms using mechanistic models and generative-descriptive neural networks (GANs). At the same time, when evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed solutions, various authors offer different quality assessment metrics from subjective expert assessment to the squared mean error. We compare two approaches to generating synthetic electrocardiograms: pseudo-ECG generation using a one-dimensional cardiomyocyte model and GAN based on long-term short-term memory in terms of machine learning metrics: accuracy, recall, f1-score. We solve the problem of binary classification with bagging method, class 0 — normal sinus rhythm, class 1 — atrial fibrillation. We found that classifier trained on synthetic ECGs generated using GAN is slightly more effective compared to pseudo-ECGs generated using mechanistic models ones. At the same time, it turned out that GANs are not stable enough. The generation of synthetic electrocardiograms using both mechanistic models and GAN can be used to enrich the training set in case of recognition of rare cardiac diseases.
改进心电图自动识别算法需要增加训练数据集,但由于某些心脏疾病的罕见性或伦理问题,这并不总是可能的。利用机理模型和生成-描述神经网络(GAN)改进生成合成心电图的算法是可行的。同时,在评估所提出解决方案的有效性时,不同的作者提出了不同的质量评估指标,从专家主观评估到均方误差。我们比较了生成合成心电图的两种方法:使用一维心肌细胞模型生成伪心电图和基于长期短期记忆的 GAN,并从准确率、召回率和 f1 分数等机器学习指标方面进行了比较。我们用袋装法解决了二元分类问题,0 类--正常窦性心律,1 类--心房颤动。我们发现,与使用机理模型生成的伪心电图相比,在使用 GAN 生成的合成心电图上训练的分类器略微更有效。与此同时,我们发现 GAN 还不够稳定。在识别罕见心脏病时,使用机理模型和 GAN 生成合成心电图可用于丰富训练集。
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引用次数: 0
Consolidation of a New Organizational and Production Paradigm in Software Development Projects 在软件开发项目中巩固新的组织和生产范式
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.150-158
D. S. Pashchenko
This article discusses the current process of consolidation a new organizational and production paradigm in software development projects and digital services in Europe and Russia. This paradigm combines the possibilities of completely remote work of engineers in projects with deep adaptation of production and management processes (internal automation, communications visualization, risk management, etc.). To solve the actual scientific and practical task of determining the main properties of the new paradigm in the IT industry, industry studies for 2020-2023 were summarized and considered the sequence of influencing factors: from the use of geographically distributed development in software projects since the end of the last century to modern trends in workflow virtualization under the influence of the COVID pandemic and the use of artificial intelligence in software development. The paper also pays attention to the role and reasons for the emergence of a "hybrid" model for organizing the work of IT companies, when a team works together in the office several days a week, and several outside it. The results of the analyzed studies confirm that in 2023, fully remote work and the "hybrid" model are less and less dependent on the risks of a pandemic, are economically successful when used in the IT industry and create a completely new reality in the competitive struggle in the global IT market.
本文讨论了欧洲和俄罗斯目前在软件开发项目和数字服务中巩固新的组织和生产模式的进程。这种模式将工程师在项目中完全远程工作的可能性与生产和管理流程(内部自动化、通信可视化、风险管理等)的深度调整相结合。为了解决确定 IT 行业新范式主要特性的实际科学和实践任务,对 2020-2023 年的行业研究进行了总结,并考虑了影响因素的顺序:从上世纪末以来在软件项目中使用地理分布开发,到 COVID 大流行影响下工作流程虚拟化的现代趋势,以及在软件开发中使用人工智能。本文还关注了 IT 公司出现 "混合 "工作组织模式的作用和原因,即一个团队每周有几天在办公室内工作,有几天在办公室外工作。分析研究的结果证实,在 2023 年,完全远程工作和 "混合 "模式对流行病风险的依赖性越来越小,在 IT 行业的应用在经济上是成功的,并在全球 IT 市场的竞争中创造了全新的现实。
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引用次数: 0
Research of Stages, Types of Modeling and Methods of Gesture Recognition 手势识别的阶段、建模类型和方法研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.85-90
K. Gurbanova
It is impossible to leave aside the problem of communication with the outside world and the social integration of people with disabilities in modern society, where there is a rapid development of communication methods between people. Gesture is the only method of communication for people with disabilities (auditory and language). The research provides information on static and dynamic gestures that allow people with communication problems to exchange information. It is noted that the problem of automatic gesture recognition is solved by various mathematical methods, algorithms and computer systems. The advantages and disadvantages of 2D and 3D models for sequential recognition of hand gestures are shown. It is noted that the creation of a national electronic database that recognizes the national dactyl alphabet and gestures in the Republic of Azerbaijan is an urgent problem. The well-known methods of this category are shown. Artificial neural network method, Hidden Markov method, Random Forest method and method of designating a hand gesture using gloves painted with markers of different colors. The creation of a national electronic database that recognizes the national dactyl alphabet and gestures is proposed, which will partially eliminate the existing barrier in education and problems of communication between people.
现代社会中,人与人之间的交流方式发展迅速,我们不可能不考虑残疾人与外界交流和融入社会的问题。手势是残疾人唯一的交流方式(听觉和语言)。研究提供了有关静态和动态手势的信息,这些手势可以让有交流障碍的人交流信息。据悉,自动手势识别问题是通过各种数学方法、算法和计算机系统解决的。二维和三维模型在手势顺序识别方面的优缺点也得到了说明。报告指出,在阿塞拜疆共和国建立一个能够识别国家双字节字母和手势的国家电子数据库是一个紧迫的问题。本文介绍了该领域的著名方法。人工神经网络法、隐马尔科夫法、随机森林法和使用涂有不同颜色标记的手套指定手势的方法。建议建立一个国家电子数据库,识别国家双元音字母和手势,这将部分消除现有的教育障碍和人与人之间的交流问题。
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引用次数: 0
Review and Analysis of City Strategic Management Systems 审查和分析城市战略管理系统
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.17587/it.30.91-102
N. S. Samedov
Strategic city management systems serve for information and analytical support of decision makers. Models of urban systems based on the agent-based approach and system dynamics are highly accurate, allow real-time monitoring of the urban environment, timely preparation for possible emergencies, and also choose the best ways to develop the city's infrastructure. Research in this area is very relevant today: dozens of models have been proposed that describe almost all urban processes. However, the question of systematization of these models remains open. In this paper, an overview of the existing city management systems implemented using the methods of system dynamics and the agent approach is made. The description of the latest researches of foreign authors in the field of agent-based modeling is given.
城市战略管理系统为决策者提供信息和分析支持。基于代理方法和系统动力学的城市系统模型具有很高的准确性,可以对城市环境进行实时监控,及时为可能发生的紧急情况做好准备,还可以选择发展城市基础设施的最佳方式。如今,这一领域的研究非常重要:已经提出了几十种模型,几乎可以描述所有的城市进程。然而,这些模型的系统化问题仍未解决。本文概述了使用系统动力学方法和代理方法实施的现有城市管理系统。还介绍了国外学者在基于代理的建模领域的最新研究成果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Informacionnye Tehnologii
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