Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s203
P31 The CUORE Project Risk Observatory: the experience of blood donors L Palmieri, L De Matte’, M Longo, C Lo Noce, F Dima, C Donfrancesco, S Giampaoli Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, CINECA Consorzio Interuniversitario, Bologna, Italy, IRCCS Osp. Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy Topic: CVD surveillance Purpose: Blood donation represents an opportunity for cardiovascular (CVD) risk assessment and healthy lifestyle counselling. As part of the CUOREProject, blood donor organizations were encouraged to assess CVD risk. Methods: The cuore.exe software was the framework for data collection. The observatory of cardiovascular disease risk (OCR) aims to provide the National Institute of Health with a database to evaluate experience with risk assessment and risk factors, and to compare results at regional and national level in order to aid health policy makers in their decision process. Results: By September 2009, 21,027 CVD risk assessments were performed in 12,420 blood donors; 6,358 blood donors were assessed twice in one year; 72% of the sample were men and 28% women; mean age was 45 years (men) and 46 years (women). Mean level of CR (average estimated percentage of persons who will experience a major CVD event in 10 years) was 1% for women and 3% for men; 67% of men and 95% of women were at lower risk (CR <3%); 0.3% of men were at very high risk (CR =20%). Among those with at least two risk assessments one year apart, 2% shifted to lower risk. Mean level of systolic blood pressure decreased by about 0.8 mmHg in men and 2.6 mmHg in women and diastolic blood pressure decreased by about 0.7 mmHg in men and 1.8 mmHg in women; total cholesterol by 7 mg/dl in men and 4 mg/dl in women, HDL-cholesterol increased by 0.6 mg/dl in men and 2.5 mg/dl in women; prevalence of smokers did not change. Conclusions: Blood donors are not representative of the general population: they are a lower risk group due to younger age. Blood donation represents an opportunity to involve younger adults in CVD risk assessment and foster healthy lifestyles. The National Health System encourages use of blood donation to provide free examination of risk factors and CVD risk assessment, as an aid to CVD prevention. Routine application of CVD risk assessment for blood donors is strongly recommended.
{"title":"Poster Session I: Prevention and health policy: surveillance and early detection","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s203","url":null,"abstract":"P31 The CUORE Project Risk Observatory: the experience of blood donors L Palmieri, L De Matte’, M Longo, C Lo Noce, F Dima, C Donfrancesco, S Giampaoli Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, CINECA Consorzio Interuniversitario, Bologna, Italy, IRCCS Osp. Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy Topic: CVD surveillance Purpose: Blood donation represents an opportunity for cardiovascular (CVD) risk assessment and healthy lifestyle counselling. As part of the CUOREProject, blood donor organizations were encouraged to assess CVD risk. Methods: The cuore.exe software was the framework for data collection. The observatory of cardiovascular disease risk (OCR) aims to provide the National Institute of Health with a database to evaluate experience with risk assessment and risk factors, and to compare results at regional and national level in order to aid health policy makers in their decision process. Results: By September 2009, 21,027 CVD risk assessments were performed in 12,420 blood donors; 6,358 blood donors were assessed twice in one year; 72% of the sample were men and 28% women; mean age was 45 years (men) and 46 years (women). Mean level of CR (average estimated percentage of persons who will experience a major CVD event in 10 years) was 1% for women and 3% for men; 67% of men and 95% of women were at lower risk (CR <3%); 0.3% of men were at very high risk (CR =20%). Among those with at least two risk assessments one year apart, 2% shifted to lower risk. Mean level of systolic blood pressure decreased by about 0.8 mmHg in men and 2.6 mmHg in women and diastolic blood pressure decreased by about 0.7 mmHg in men and 1.8 mmHg in women; total cholesterol by 7 mg/dl in men and 4 mg/dl in women, HDL-cholesterol increased by 0.6 mg/dl in men and 2.5 mg/dl in women; prevalence of smokers did not change. Conclusions: Blood donors are not representative of the general population: they are a lower risk group due to younger age. Blood donation represents an opportunity to involve younger adults in CVD risk assessment and foster healthy lifestyles. The National Health System encourages use of blood donation to provide free examination of risk factors and CVD risk assessment, as an aid to CVD prevention. Routine application of CVD risk assessment for blood donors is strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S10 - S5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s223
L. Palmieri, C. Donfrancecso, C. Noce, F. Dima, J. Stamler, C. Siu, K. Yiu, Ht Chan, Sw Li, C. Lau, Th Lam, H. Tse, S. Ebrahim, S. Kinra, L. Bowen, L. Andersen, Y. Ben-Shlomo, T. Lyngdoh, Prabhakaran, S. Reddy, C. Peterson, B. Troupin
P325 Teaching of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation in European medical schools 2009:results of a first institutional survey P Marques-Vidal, H Saner University Hospital Center Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland, Bern University Hospital, Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, Bern, Switzerland Topic: Health services research Background:Little is known regarding the teaching of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation (CVP&R) in Europe. Design: cross-sectional institutional survey. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 376 European medical schools, 44 National Cardiology Societies, 31 Heart Foundations and 32 National Medical Associations. Results: One hundred and twenty medical schools (32% response rate) answered. Forty-three postgraduate courses on CVP&R were provided in 32 (27%) schools. The median number of students was 25 (range: 4 140) and themedian number of teaching hours was 72 (range: 3 518). The topics most frequently taught were cardiovascular risk factors (86%), physical activity (81%), global risk estimation and smoking cessation (both 74%). For the 26 countries for which data was available, 14 (54%) had postgraduate teaching on CVP&R but only three (12%) provided continuous medical education on the topic. Teaching was aimed essentially at cardiologists; in two countries, internists, neurologists and other health professionals (nurses, paramedics) could also attend CVP&R postgraduate courses. Conclusion: teaching of CVP&R is low in European medical schools, and the courses provided differ considerably between countries and schools. There is a great need to provide a minimal educational framework to ensure adequate training in CVP&R throughout Europe.
{"title":"Poster Session III","authors":"L. Palmieri, C. Donfrancecso, C. Noce, F. Dima, J. Stamler, C. Siu, K. Yiu, Ht Chan, Sw Li, C. Lau, Th Lam, H. Tse, S. Ebrahim, S. Kinra, L. Bowen, L. Andersen, Y. Ben-Shlomo, T. Lyngdoh, Prabhakaran, S. Reddy, C. Peterson, B. Troupin","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s223","url":null,"abstract":"P325 Teaching of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation in European medical schools 2009:results of a first institutional survey P Marques-Vidal, H Saner University Hospital Center Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland, Bern University Hospital, Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, Bern, Switzerland Topic: Health services research Background:Little is known regarding the teaching of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation (CVP&R) in Europe. Design: cross-sectional institutional survey. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 376 European medical schools, 44 National Cardiology Societies, 31 Heart Foundations and 32 National Medical Associations. Results: One hundred and twenty medical schools (32% response rate) answered. Forty-three postgraduate courses on CVP&R were provided in 32 (27%) schools. The median number of students was 25 (range: 4 140) and themedian number of teaching hours was 72 (range: 3 518). The topics most frequently taught were cardiovascular risk factors (86%), physical activity (81%), global risk estimation and smoking cessation (both 74%). For the 26 countries for which data was available, 14 (54%) had postgraduate teaching on CVP&R but only three (12%) provided continuous medical education on the topic. Teaching was aimed essentially at cardiologists; in two countries, internists, neurologists and other health professionals (nurses, paramedics) could also attend CVP&R postgraduate courses. Conclusion: teaching of CVP&R is low in European medical schools, and the courses provided differ considerably between countries and schools. There is a great need to provide a minimal educational framework to ensure adequate training in CVP&R throughout Europe.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"35 1","pages":"S297-S408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s204
V. Athyros, E. Ganotakis, V. Nicolaou, D. Panagiotakos, E. Elisaf, S. Yasuno, K. Oba, A. Fujimoto, T. Ogihara, T. Saruta, K. Nakao, M. G. Perez, L. Molina, M. Cladellas, A. Ramirez, J. Vila, C. Soler, H. Sanz, Bruguera
P52 Protein Z levels and vascular thrombotic diseases: A meta-analysis F Sofi, F Cesari, S Fedi, GJ Broze, R Abbate, GF Gensini University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Washington University, Division of Hematology, St. Louis, United States of America Topic: Risk factors and risk prediction Objective: The relationship between protein Z levels and thrombosis is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the available studies to assess the association between protein Z and vascular thrombotic diseases. Methods: We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, bibliographies of retrieved articles and abstracts of congresses up to May, 2009. Studies were included if they analysed protein Z levels in patients with vascular thrombotic diseases. Results: After the review process 28 case-control studies (33 cohort of patients) were included in the final analysis. These studies included 4,218 patients with thrombotic diseases as compared to 4,778 controls. The cumulative analysis for all the studies under a fixed-effects model showed that patients with low protein Z levels are at increased risk of occurring a thrombotic event (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.62-2.15; p<0.00001). By subgrouping studies according to the different type of the disease, low protein Z levels were found to be a significant risk factor for arterial vascular diseases (OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.51-2.27; p<0.00001), and pregnancy complications (OR 3.42, 95%CI 2.51-4.66; p<0.00001) whereas only a limited significance for venous thromboembolic diseases (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.00-1.65; p1⁄40.05) was reported. Conclusion:This is the first meta-analysis that attempted to evaluate the role of protein Z on the occurrence of thrombotic events. The present results suggest, in an overall population of more than 4,000 patients, a possible implication for low levels of this coagulatory protein on the pathogenesis of thrombosis.
F Sofi, F Cesari, S Fedi, GJ Broze, R Abbate, GF Gensini意大利佛罗伦萨大学，美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学血液科主题:危险因素及风险预测目的:蛋白Z水平与血栓形成的关系存在争议。我们对所有可用的研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以评估蛋白Z与血管血栓性疾病之间的关系。方法:通过MedLine, Embase，谷歌Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library，检索到的论文书目和2009年5月的会议摘要进行电子文献检索。如果研究分析了血管血栓性疾病患者的蛋白Z水平，则纳入研究。结果:在审查过程中，28项病例对照研究(33例患者队列)被纳入最终分析。这些研究包括4218名血栓性疾病患者，而对照组为4778名。固定效应模型下所有研究的累积分析显示，蛋白Z水平低的患者发生血栓事件的风险增加(OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.62-2.15;p < 0.00001)。根据不同类型的疾病进行亚组研究，发现低蛋白Z水平是动脉血管疾病的重要危险因素(OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.51-2.27;p<0.00001)，妊娠并发症(OR 3.42, 95%CI 2.51-4.66;p<0.00001)，而在静脉血栓栓塞性疾病中只有有限的意义(OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.00-1.65;P1 / 40.05)。结论:这是第一个试图评估蛋白Z在血栓事件发生中的作用的荟萃分析。目前的结果表明，在4000多名患者的总体人群中，低水平的这种凝固蛋白可能意味着血栓形成的发病机制。
{"title":"Poster Session I: Epidemiology and public health","authors":"V. Athyros, E. Ganotakis, V. Nicolaou, D. Panagiotakos, E. Elisaf, S. Yasuno, K. Oba, A. Fujimoto, T. Ogihara, T. Saruta, K. Nakao, M. G. Perez, L. Molina, M. Cladellas, A. Ramirez, J. Vila, C. Soler, H. Sanz, Bruguera","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s204","url":null,"abstract":"P52 Protein Z levels and vascular thrombotic diseases: A meta-analysis F Sofi, F Cesari, S Fedi, GJ Broze, R Abbate, GF Gensini University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Washington University, Division of Hematology, St. Louis, United States of America Topic: Risk factors and risk prediction Objective: The relationship between protein Z levels and thrombosis is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the available studies to assess the association between protein Z and vascular thrombotic diseases. Methods: We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, bibliographies of retrieved articles and abstracts of congresses up to May, 2009. Studies were included if they analysed protein Z levels in patients with vascular thrombotic diseases. Results: After the review process 28 case-control studies (33 cohort of patients) were included in the final analysis. These studies included 4,218 patients with thrombotic diseases as compared to 4,778 controls. The cumulative analysis for all the studies under a fixed-effects model showed that patients with low protein Z levels are at increased risk of occurring a thrombotic event (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.62-2.15; p<0.00001). By subgrouping studies according to the different type of the disease, low protein Z levels were found to be a significant risk factor for arterial vascular diseases (OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.51-2.27; p<0.00001), and pregnancy complications (OR 3.42, 95%CI 2.51-4.66; p<0.00001) whereas only a limited significance for venous thromboembolic diseases (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.00-1.65; p1⁄40.05) was reported. Conclusion:This is the first meta-analysis that attempted to evaluate the role of protein Z on the occurrence of thrombotic events. The present results suggest, in an overall population of more than 4,000 patients, a possible implication for low levels of this coagulatory protein on the pathogenesis of thrombosis.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S11 - S18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s208
Demirtas Hakan, U. Dilek, Kozdag Guliz, Ertas Gokhan, T. Şahin, O. Gokhan, Ulaş Bildirici, P. Rask, M. Dreifaldt, A. Hurtig-Wennlof, M. Pytliak, V. Vargová, V. Mechírová, M. Felsoci
P115 The effects of atorvastatin and micronized fenofibrate on endothelial functions in metabolic syndrome patients: comparative study MD Demir Hakan, MD Ural Dilek, MD Kozdag Guliz, MD Ertas Gokhan, MD Tayfun Sahin, MD Oner Gokhan, MD Ulas Bildirici Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey Topic: Obesity Objective:To compare the effects of atorvastatin 10 mg/day andmicronized fenofibrate 200 mg/ day on traditional and non-traditional risk and endothelial functions in patients with metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients who were free of coronary artery were studied. Patients were randomized to atorvastatin 10 mg/da yor micronized fenofibrate 200 mg/ day. At entry and end of the study; blood and urine samples were collected fort he biochemical analyses and brachial artery reactivity and carotis intima-media thicknes were measured using high resolution ultrasonography. Results: A total of 52 patients completed the study. With both drugs; treatment goals of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and nonHDL cholesterol was reached similarly. CRP reductions were significant in both groups (p1⁄40.041 vs p1⁄40.003) By fenofibrate; while levels of fibrinogen, uric acid and inslin were significantly declined and HOMA index was reduced (p1⁄4 0.003, p<0,001, ; p1⁄40.001, p1⁄4 0.002 respectively), a significant rise in the homocystein levels was observed (p1⁄40.015). In each groups; significant (p1⁄40,002 for atorvastatin and p1⁄40.022 for fenofibrate) and similar improvements occured on flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Conclusion: Treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg/day or micronized fenofibrate 200 mg/day during six months have similar benefical effects on endothelial vasomotor functions inmetabolic syndrome with desirable side effects. Both reduce CRP levels significantly and similarly. While atorvastatin is more effective on LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol, fenofibrate is more effective on inslin resistance and the serum markers of endothelial dysfunction. Both drugs are good treatment options in metabolic syndrome, however lipid status of the patient and the other markers of atherosclerosis should also be considered while selecting the more suitable agent. Combination therapy must be kept in mind with close monitoring of the side effects.
{"title":"Poster Session I: Basic science: biomarkers, imaging and lipids","authors":"Demirtas Hakan, U. Dilek, Kozdag Guliz, Ertas Gokhan, T. Şahin, O. Gokhan, Ulaş Bildirici, P. Rask, M. Dreifaldt, A. Hurtig-Wennlof, M. Pytliak, V. Vargová, V. Mechírová, M. Felsoci","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s208","url":null,"abstract":"P115 The effects of atorvastatin and micronized fenofibrate on endothelial functions in metabolic syndrome patients: comparative study MD Demir Hakan, MD Ural Dilek, MD Kozdag Guliz, MD Ertas Gokhan, MD Tayfun Sahin, MD Oner Gokhan, MD Ulas Bildirici Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey Topic: Obesity Objective:To compare the effects of atorvastatin 10 mg/day andmicronized fenofibrate 200 mg/ day on traditional and non-traditional risk and endothelial functions in patients with metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients who were free of coronary artery were studied. Patients were randomized to atorvastatin 10 mg/da yor micronized fenofibrate 200 mg/ day. At entry and end of the study; blood and urine samples were collected fort he biochemical analyses and brachial artery reactivity and carotis intima-media thicknes were measured using high resolution ultrasonography. Results: A total of 52 patients completed the study. With both drugs; treatment goals of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and nonHDL cholesterol was reached similarly. CRP reductions were significant in both groups (p1⁄40.041 vs p1⁄40.003) By fenofibrate; while levels of fibrinogen, uric acid and inslin were significantly declined and HOMA index was reduced (p1⁄4 0.003, p<0,001, ; p1⁄40.001, p1⁄4 0.002 respectively), a significant rise in the homocystein levels was observed (p1⁄40.015). In each groups; significant (p1⁄40,002 for atorvastatin and p1⁄40.022 for fenofibrate) and similar improvements occured on flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Conclusion: Treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg/day or micronized fenofibrate 200 mg/day during six months have similar benefical effects on endothelial vasomotor functions inmetabolic syndrome with desirable side effects. Both reduce CRP levels significantly and similarly. While atorvastatin is more effective on LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol, fenofibrate is more effective on inslin resistance and the serum markers of endothelial dysfunction. Both drugs are good treatment options in metabolic syndrome, however lipid status of the patient and the other markers of atherosclerosis should also be considered while selecting the more suitable agent. Combination therapy must be kept in mind with close monitoring of the side effects.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S27 - S28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s217
K. Blume, A. Schmidt-Trucksaess, MHalle, Siegrist, C. Jennings, G. Backer, D. Bacquer, DGaita, A. Pająk, UKeil, Wood, M. Bajekal, S. Scholes, M. O’Flaherty, R. Raine, P. Norman, S. Capewell
289 Retinal vascular caliber and the prevalence of obesity in children: baseline results of a comprehensive school-based Intervention Study (JuvenTUM III) HHanssen, MNeidig, ACBRenner, K Blume, A Schmidt-Trucksaess,MHalle, M Siegrist Division of Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Technical University of Munich, Department of Prevention & Sports Medicine, Munich, Germany Topic: Obesity Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity is high and its association with future cardiovascular disease in adulthood is well established. Primary prevention strategies beginning in childhood are promising means to reduce risk of coronary heart disease. The cross-sectional data presented analyze the prevalence of obesity and its correlation to early retinal vascular changes in young children. Methods: The baseline examination included 592 school children aged 9-13 years from secondary schools. Anthropometric measurements and blood collections were conducted using standard protocols for children. Retinal microvascular diameters and the arteriolar to venular ratio (AVR) were assessed with a non-mydriatic vessel analyser using a computer-based program. Augmentation index (Aix@HR75) and mean central blood pressure were analyzed by use of a sphygmograph. Results: In this population with an average age of 11.1 0.6 years, 23 % of the children were overweight or obese. The mean retinal arteriolar and venular calibres were 208.0 15.6 çm and 236.2 16.2 çm, respectively, with a mean AVR of 0.88 0.1. Girls had significantly larger retinal vessel diameters than boys (p<0.001). Larger venular diameters were significantly associated with higher BMI, percentage body fat and serum levels of triglycerides (TGA) as well as hsCRP. Neither HDL or LDL cholesterol nor fasting blood glucose were related to retinal microvascular diameters. Arteriolar calibers correlated inversely with central and peripheral blood pressure but not with Aix@HR75. In addition, higher BMI was significantly associated with higher mean central blood pressure (p<0.001). Conclusions: Changes of the retinal microcirculation have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adults. Similar to findings in adults, childhood obesity is associatedwith retinal venular dilatation and higher blood pressure. Early retinal microvascular changes are already existent in school children in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
289儿童视网膜血管口径与肥胖的流行:一项综合校本干预研究(JuvenTUM III)的基线结果HHanssen, MNeidig, ACBRenner, K Blume, a Schmidt-Trucksaess,MHalle, M Siegrist运动医学部，运动与健康科学研究所，巴塞尔大学，瑞士巴塞尔，慕尼黑工业大学，预防与运动医学系，慕尼黑，德国主题:肥胖儿童期肥胖的患病率很高，并且它与成年后未来心血管疾病的关联已得到充分证实。从儿童时期开始的初级预防策略是降低冠心病风险的有希望的手段。横断面数据分析肥胖的患病率及其与幼儿早期视网膜血管变化的关系。方法:对592名9-13岁的中学学龄儿童进行基线检查。采用儿童标准方案进行人体测量和血液采集。视网膜微血管直径和小动脉静脉比(AVR)用非血管分析仪和基于计算机的程序进行评估。利用血压计分析增强指数(Aix@HR75)和平均中心血压。结果:在平均年龄11.0.6岁的人群中，23%的儿童超重或肥胖。视网膜小动脉和静脉平均直径分别为208.0 15.6 m和236.2 16.2 m，平均AVR为0.88 0.1。女孩的视网膜血管直径明显大于男孩(p<0.001)。较大的静脉直径与较高的BMI、体脂百分比、血清甘油三酯(TGA)水平以及hsCRP显著相关。HDL、LDL胆固醇和空腹血糖均与视网膜微血管直径无关。小动脉直径与中枢和外周血压呈负相关，但与Aix@HR75无关。此外，较高的BMI与较高的平均中心血压显著相关(p<0.001)。结论:视网膜微循环的改变已被证明与成人心血管疾病有关。与成年人的研究结果相似，儿童肥胖与视网膜静脉扩张和高血压有关。在存在心血管危险因素的学龄儿童中，早期视网膜微血管改变已经存在。
{"title":"Oral Abstract Session: Prevention and rehabilitation","authors":"K. Blume, A. Schmidt-Trucksaess, MHalle, Siegrist, C. Jennings, G. Backer, D. Bacquer, DGaita, A. Pająk, UKeil, Wood, M. Bajekal, S. Scholes, M. O’Flaherty, R. Raine, P. Norman, S. Capewell","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s217","url":null,"abstract":"289 Retinal vascular caliber and the prevalence of obesity in children: baseline results of a comprehensive school-based Intervention Study (JuvenTUM III) HHanssen, MNeidig, ACBRenner, K Blume, A Schmidt-Trucksaess,MHalle, M Siegrist Division of Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Technical University of Munich, Department of Prevention & Sports Medicine, Munich, Germany Topic: Obesity Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity is high and its association with future cardiovascular disease in adulthood is well established. Primary prevention strategies beginning in childhood are promising means to reduce risk of coronary heart disease. The cross-sectional data presented analyze the prevalence of obesity and its correlation to early retinal vascular changes in young children. Methods: The baseline examination included 592 school children aged 9-13 years from secondary schools. Anthropometric measurements and blood collections were conducted using standard protocols for children. Retinal microvascular diameters and the arteriolar to venular ratio (AVR) were assessed with a non-mydriatic vessel analyser using a computer-based program. Augmentation index (Aix@HR75) and mean central blood pressure were analyzed by use of a sphygmograph. Results: In this population with an average age of 11.1 0.6 years, 23 % of the children were overweight or obese. The mean retinal arteriolar and venular calibres were 208.0 15.6 çm and 236.2 16.2 çm, respectively, with a mean AVR of 0.88 0.1. Girls had significantly larger retinal vessel diameters than boys (p<0.001). Larger venular diameters were significantly associated with higher BMI, percentage body fat and serum levels of triglycerides (TGA) as well as hsCRP. Neither HDL or LDL cholesterol nor fasting blood glucose were related to retinal microvascular diameters. Arteriolar calibers correlated inversely with central and peripheral blood pressure but not with Aix@HR75. In addition, higher BMI was significantly associated with higher mean central blood pressure (p<0.001). Conclusions: Changes of the retinal microcirculation have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adults. Similar to findings in adults, childhood obesity is associatedwith retinal venular dilatation and higher blood pressure. Early retinal microvascular changes are already existent in school children in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"41 1","pages":"S57 - S58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s206
J. Perunicic, MKrotin, MRistic, MDeljanin-Ilic, D. Zdravković, Milic, A. Fruend, D. Fritzsche, M. Cadus, K. Mellwig, F. Buuren, J. Gummert, Horstkotte
{"title":"Poster Session I: Sports cardiology","authors":"J. Perunicic, MKrotin, MRistic, MDeljanin-Ilic, D. Zdravković, Milic, A. Fruend, D. Fritzsche, M. Cadus, K. Mellwig, F. Buuren, J. Gummert, Horstkotte","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S24 - S24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s207
H. Hirano, SMoebius-Winkler, T. Hilberg, KMenzel, S. Erbs, A. Linke, G. Schuler, V. Adams, IM Leinan, AT Bartnes, BM Jensen, U. Wisløff
P106 What is the best way to improve the venous blood flow in the lower limbs? K Shimizu, HK Hirano Toho University Medical Center, Sakura, Japan Topic: Exercise physiology, testing and training Purpose:We studied to reveal the most efficacy methods for improvement of the venous blood flow in lower limbs using elastic stocking, intermitted pneumatic massage pomp(IPC) and combination of them. Veno Stream was selected as most superior IPC in our past study.Subject:30 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Method: Using a ultrasonograhy, we measured peak of the blood flow rate (cm/s) in superficial femoral vein. The examination went by the following method. At resting, maximal exhalation, ankle plantar flexion, dorsal flexion, rotation of the ankle, kicking at the bed edge exercise, and IPC were done and measured peak of the blood flow rate. Then, the same contents were done with elastic stocking. Results:The blood flow rate at the rest of the right foot was 26.01 2.59, maximal exhalation was 29.05 2.89, ankle plantar flexion was 42.84 4.20,dorsal flexion was 58.39 5.73, rotation of the ankle was 51.39 4.63, kicking at the bed edge exercise was 38.07 3.51 and IPC was 55.08 6.72. With elastic stocking, rest was 22.84 3.43, dorsal flexion was 47.02 3.79, and IPC was 52.12 2.95. The most effective exercise was dorsal flexion. (p<0.05)Conclusion: The combination of IPC and elastic stockings was not superior to IPC alone. We do not show enough blood flow improvement effects only with elastic stocking worn. To prevent venous thrombosis in patients, we should have right knowledge about blood flow improvement.
{"title":"Poster Session I: Exercise physiology","authors":"H. Hirano, SMoebius-Winkler, T. Hilberg, KMenzel, S. Erbs, A. Linke, G. Schuler, V. Adams, IM Leinan, AT Bartnes, BM Jensen, U. Wisløff","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s207","url":null,"abstract":"P106 What is the best way to improve the venous blood flow in the lower limbs? K Shimizu, HK Hirano Toho University Medical Center, Sakura, Japan Topic: Exercise physiology, testing and training Purpose:We studied to reveal the most efficacy methods for improvement of the venous blood flow in lower limbs using elastic stocking, intermitted pneumatic massage pomp(IPC) and combination of them. Veno Stream was selected as most superior IPC in our past study.Subject:30 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Method: Using a ultrasonograhy, we measured peak of the blood flow rate (cm/s) in superficial femoral vein. The examination went by the following method. At resting, maximal exhalation, ankle plantar flexion, dorsal flexion, rotation of the ankle, kicking at the bed edge exercise, and IPC were done and measured peak of the blood flow rate. Then, the same contents were done with elastic stocking. Results:The blood flow rate at the rest of the right foot was 26.01 2.59, maximal exhalation was 29.05 2.89, ankle plantar flexion was 42.84 4.20,dorsal flexion was 58.39 5.73, rotation of the ankle was 51.39 4.63, kicking at the bed edge exercise was 38.07 3.51 and IPC was 55.08 6.72. With elastic stocking, rest was 22.84 3.43, dorsal flexion was 47.02 3.79, and IPC was 52.12 2.95. The most effective exercise was dorsal flexion. (p<0.05)Conclusion: The combination of IPC and elastic stockings was not superior to IPC alone. We do not show enough blood flow improvement effects only with elastic stocking worn. To prevent venous thrombosis in patients, we should have right knowledge about blood flow improvement.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S25 - S26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s228
OO OlgaShakhmatova, A. Komarov, D. Rebrikov, I. Kofiady, T. Kotkina, Av, Bolvacheva, E. Panchenko
P408 Coronary heart disease with depression and studies of serum interleukin-6 level G Maimaitiming First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China Topic: Behavioural medicine Objectives:This study was conducted to explore the relationship between interleukin 6(IL-6) and coronary heart disease with depression, and sought prognostic role of IL-6,in order to come up with intervention strategy on treating coronary heart disease patients who were developed depression. Methods :90 patients with coronary heart disease were recruited into our study,according to ZUNG self depression scale (SDS) score,subjects were divided into two groups as, coronary heart disease with depression (group A) and coronary heart disease without depression (group B ). Results: 57.78% of subjects had varying degree of depression, patients with mild depression were 24 (26.67 %), patients with moderate and severe depression were 28(31.11%); 57.59% of male patients had depression, and 57.89% of female patients had depression, there was no statistical difference between two genders when compare the concomitance rate of depression (P< 0.05); The levels of serum IL-6 in the A group [M(P25, P75)] were [0.04(0.01, 0.06)] ng/ml, B group were[0.02(0.01,0.05)]ng/ml, group A were significantly higher than the B group (P<0.05);In the group A, the levels of serum IL-6 patients with moderate and severe depression were [0.05(0.02,0.08)]ng/ml higher than in patients with mild depression [0.04(0.01,0.05)]ng/ml, (P<0.05);In the group A the serum IL-6 levels was positively correlated with cholesterol?lowdensity lipoprotein?C-reactive protein and left ventricular internal diameter at the end diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (P<0.05), negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.05), there was no obvious correlation with triglyceride and high-density lipoproteins. In the group B the serum IL-6 levels was not obviously correlated to cholesterol?triglyceride?low-density lipoprotein?high-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, left ventricular internal diameter at the end-diastolic and left ventricular ejection. fraction. Conclusion: The concomitance rate of depression in the coronary heart disease patients were higher, the level of serum inflammatory markers in coronary heart disease patients with depression were higher than coronary heart disease patients without depression; In moderate to severe depressed patients with higher levels of inflammatory markers than in mild depression patients. Depression is a sign of activation of inflammatory responses; inflammatory responses play invariably role in coronary heart disease with depression.
{"title":"Poster Session III: Basic science: translational science","authors":"OO OlgaShakhmatova, A. Komarov, D. Rebrikov, I. Kofiady, T. Kotkina, Av, Bolvacheva, E. Panchenko","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s228","url":null,"abstract":"P408 Coronary heart disease with depression and studies of serum interleukin-6 level G Maimaitiming First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China Topic: Behavioural medicine Objectives:This study was conducted to explore the relationship between interleukin 6(IL-6) and coronary heart disease with depression, and sought prognostic role of IL-6,in order to come up with intervention strategy on treating coronary heart disease patients who were developed depression. Methods :90 patients with coronary heart disease were recruited into our study,according to ZUNG self depression scale (SDS) score,subjects were divided into two groups as, coronary heart disease with depression (group A) and coronary heart disease without depression (group B ). Results: 57.78% of subjects had varying degree of depression, patients with mild depression were 24 (26.67 %), patients with moderate and severe depression were 28(31.11%); 57.59% of male patients had depression, and 57.89% of female patients had depression, there was no statistical difference between two genders when compare the concomitance rate of depression (P< 0.05); The levels of serum IL-6 in the A group [M(P25, P75)] were [0.04(0.01, 0.06)] ng/ml, B group were[0.02(0.01,0.05)]ng/ml, group A were significantly higher than the B group (P<0.05);In the group A, the levels of serum IL-6 patients with moderate and severe depression were [0.05(0.02,0.08)]ng/ml higher than in patients with mild depression [0.04(0.01,0.05)]ng/ml, (P<0.05);In the group A the serum IL-6 levels was positively correlated with cholesterol?lowdensity lipoprotein?C-reactive protein and left ventricular internal diameter at the end diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (P<0.05), negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.05), there was no obvious correlation with triglyceride and high-density lipoproteins. In the group B the serum IL-6 levels was not obviously correlated to cholesterol?triglyceride?low-density lipoprotein?high-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, left ventricular internal diameter at the end-diastolic and left ventricular ejection. fraction. Conclusion: The concomitance rate of depression in the coronary heart disease patients were higher, the level of serum inflammatory markers in coronary heart disease patients with depression were higher than coronary heart disease patients without depression; In moderate to severe depressed patients with higher levels of inflammatory markers than in mild depression patients. Depression is a sign of activation of inflammatory responses; inflammatory responses play invariably role in coronary heart disease with depression.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S91 - S92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-01DOI: 10.1177/17418267100170s227
E. Smolis-Bąk, B. Kazimierska, I. Kowalik, M. Dekleva, J. S. Lazić, S. Mazić, H. Mcburney
P400 Patients with recurrent AF episodes treated with beta-blockers: evaluation of exercise tolerance and quality of life. Prospective, 1-year evaluation E Smolis-Bak, R Dabrowski, B Kazimierska, I Kowalik, H Szwed National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland Topic: Exercise physiology, testing and training Atrial fibrillation [AF] significantly influences everyday performance of patients, their exercise capacity, quality of life (qol)and psychic condition. The aim of the study was comprehensive evaluation of 1-year beta-blocker therapy in patients with different forms of AF. Material and methods: The study group consist of 93 patients, age 40-83 years. There were 42 pts with paroxysmal AF (PAF)-age 66 8.5, 30 pts with persistent, (PeAF)-age 65.1 10.1 and 20 pts with chronic (CHAF)-64.0 7.0. All the patients were treated with beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol). During first (V 0) and after 1-year (V 1) visits, pts performed 6 minutes walking test (6-MWT), qol was estimated according to Nottingham Health Profile questionnaire (NHP) and risk of depression occurrence was estimated by Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI). Results: In 6-MWT resting andmaximumheart rate was significantly lower in pts with PAF than in the pts with CHAF.Walking distance was significantly longer in all studied groups after 1-year therapy. Pts with CHAF had the longest distance in 6-MWT, but patients with PAF had the greatest improvement in walking distance. Mild symptoms of depression were diagnosed in pts with PAF, but not with CHAF and were not changed after 1-year in spite of beta-blocker therapy. Studied quality of life parameters were not changed in either group after 1-year followup. Generally AF significantly limited (V0 vs V1) professional activity (33% vs 22%), home activities (30% vs 39%) and sexual activity (30% vs 34%), least of all social life (15% vs 9%) and family life (15% vs 9%). Conclusions: 1-year beta-blocker therapy significantly improves exercise tolerance, but not qol parameters. The depression symptomswere more prevalent in patients with paroxysmal AF, but in all patients with different forms of AF were not changed during 1-year follow-up in spite of using older (propranolol) and modern (bisoprolol) beta-blocking drugs.
接受受体阻滞剂治疗的复发性房颤患者:运动耐量和生活质量的评估E Smolis-Bak, R Dabrowski, B Kazimierska, I Kowalik, H Szwed国家心脏病研究所题目:运动生理学，测试和训练心房颤动[AF]显著影响患者的日常表现，他们的运动能力，生活质量(qol)和精神状况。本研究的目的是综合评价1年β受体阻滞剂治疗不同形式房颤患者的疗效。材料和方法:研究组包括93例患者，年龄40-83岁。42例为阵发性房颤(PAF)- 66岁8.5岁，30例为持续性房颤(PeAF)- 65.1岁10.1岁，20例为慢性房颤(CHAF)-64.0岁7.0岁。所有患者均给予-受体阻滞剂(普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、比索洛尔)治疗。在第一次(V 0)和第1年(V 1)就诊期间，患者进行6分钟步行测试(6- mwt)，根据诺丁汉健康问卷(NHP)评估生活质量，使用贝克抑郁量表(BDI)评估抑郁发生的风险。结果:在6 mwt时，PAF患者的静息心率和最大心率明显低于CHAF患者。治疗1年后，所有研究组的步行距离均显著延长。CHAF患者在6-MWT中步行距离最长，但PAF患者步行距离改善最大。PAF患者有轻微的抑郁症状，而CHAF患者没有，尽管接受受体阻滞剂治疗，1年后症状没有改变。随访1年后，两组患者的生活质量参数均无变化。一般来说，AF显著限制(V0 vs V1)职业活动(33% vs 22%)、家庭活动(30% vs 39%)和性活动(30% vs 34%)，最少限制社交生活(15% vs 9%)和家庭生活(15% vs 9%)。结论:1年β受体阻滞剂治疗可显著改善运动耐量，但不能改善生活质量参数。抑郁症状在阵发性房颤患者中更为普遍，但在所有不同形式房颤患者中，尽管使用了较旧的(心得安)和现代的(比索洛尔)β阻断药物，但在1年的随访中没有改变。
{"title":"Poster Session III: Exercise physiology","authors":"E. Smolis-Bąk, B. Kazimierska, I. Kowalik, M. Dekleva, J. S. Lazić, S. Mazić, H. Mcburney","doi":"10.1177/17418267100170s227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17418267100170s227","url":null,"abstract":"P400 Patients with recurrent AF episodes treated with beta-blockers: evaluation of exercise tolerance and quality of life. Prospective, 1-year evaluation E Smolis-Bak, R Dabrowski, B Kazimierska, I Kowalik, H Szwed National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland Topic: Exercise physiology, testing and training Atrial fibrillation [AF] significantly influences everyday performance of patients, their exercise capacity, quality of life (qol)and psychic condition. The aim of the study was comprehensive evaluation of 1-year beta-blocker therapy in patients with different forms of AF. Material and methods: The study group consist of 93 patients, age 40-83 years. There were 42 pts with paroxysmal AF (PAF)-age 66 8.5, 30 pts with persistent, (PeAF)-age 65.1 10.1 and 20 pts with chronic (CHAF)-64.0 7.0. All the patients were treated with beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol). During first (V 0) and after 1-year (V 1) visits, pts performed 6 minutes walking test (6-MWT), qol was estimated according to Nottingham Health Profile questionnaire (NHP) and risk of depression occurrence was estimated by Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI). Results: In 6-MWT resting andmaximumheart rate was significantly lower in pts with PAF than in the pts with CHAF.Walking distance was significantly longer in all studied groups after 1-year therapy. Pts with CHAF had the longest distance in 6-MWT, but patients with PAF had the greatest improvement in walking distance. Mild symptoms of depression were diagnosed in pts with PAF, but not with CHAF and were not changed after 1-year in spite of beta-blocker therapy. Studied quality of life parameters were not changed in either group after 1-year followup. Generally AF significantly limited (V0 vs V1) professional activity (33% vs 22%), home activities (30% vs 39%) and sexual activity (30% vs 34%), least of all social life (15% vs 9%) and family life (15% vs 9%). Conclusions: 1-year beta-blocker therapy significantly improves exercise tolerance, but not qol parameters. The depression symptomswere more prevalent in patients with paroxysmal AF, but in all patients with different forms of AF were not changed during 1-year follow-up in spite of using older (propranolol) and modern (bisoprolol) beta-blocking drugs.","PeriodicalId":50492,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"S89 - S90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17418267100170s227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65491554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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