Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering gametogenic strategies of Perna viridis in a tropical estuarine ecosystem: Mechanistic links between fatty acid allocation and environmental synchrony","authors":"Md Nayeem Hossain ,&nbsp;Afshana Ferdous ,&nbsp;Israt Jahan ,&nbsp;Md Moshiur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md Asaduzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how monsoon-driven environmental variability and trophic interactions regulate fatty acid dynamics during gametogenesis is fundamental to linking marine bivalve reproductive strategies with ecosystem processes in coastal systems. This study assessed the gametogenic strategies of the green mussel, <em>Perna viridis</em>, through an integrative analysis of fatty acid dynamics between gonadal and somatic tissues, revealing the critical roles of trophic interactions and environmental factors in shaping its reproductive cycle in the southeastern Bay of Bengal. Fatty acid profiling demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), accumulated substantially in body and gonad during developing and mature stages, whereas saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) predominated in spawning stage. Transitional developmental stages exhibited initiation of lipid mobilization from body to gonad, while the spent stage showed diminished MUFAs and SFAs reserve, indicating expenditure of energy for somatic recovery. Multivariate analyses (PCA, PLS-DA) clearly separated gonadal and body tissues, with VIP scores highlighting C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFAs as key discriminatory markers of reproductive activity. Volcano plots and heatmap analyses further confirmed dynamic shifts in lipid metabolism, with gonads consistently enriched in long-chain PUFAs relative to body tissues. Correlation analyses demonstrated strong synchrony between gonadal and somatic fatty acids, yet trophic linkages indicated that mussels derived essential fatty acids primarily from Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Pyrrophyceae, and zooplankton during favorable conditions, rather than depending on somatic reserves. This pattern reflects an opportunistic energy allocation strategy, whereby immediate dietary inputs fuel gamete maturation, contrasting with conservative schemes reported in many other bivalves. Collectively, these results highlight that reproductive success in <em>P. viridis</em> is shaped by a dynamic interplay between food availability, environmental variability, and fatty acids allocation, with opportunistic strategies ensuring reproductive efficiency under fluctuating environmental conditions. Overall, this work deepens mechanistic insights into the remarkable adaptability of reproductive strategies of green mussels to monsoon-driven stress in tropical coastal ecosystems, highlighting their resilience under fluctuating environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and characteristics of plankton and microplastics along the northern coastline of Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Asriningsih Suryandari ,&nbsp;Agoes Soegianto ,&nbsp;Eko Prasetyo Kuncoro ,&nbsp;Carolyn Melissa Payus ,&nbsp;Retno Hartati","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to characterize microplastics (MPs) and analyze the composition of plankton in the coastal waters of Central Java's North Coast. The examined characteristics of MPs comprise type, color, size, polymer type, and chemical properties. The plankton samples were classified according to species and size. The study results indicated that the overall abundance of MPs (83 particles/L) across all locations in these coastal waters was significantly higher than that of plankton (57 individuals/L). The concentration of MPs ranged from 10 to 42 particles/L, with Jepara demonstrating the highest level at 42 particles/L. The distribution of plankton among all locations exhibited little variation, ranging from 13 to 15 ind/L at each site. The predominant size of both MPs and plankton was ≤1 mm. MPs measuring ≤1 mm constituted 98 % of the total MPs, whereas plankton of the same size represented 94.7 % of the total plankton. Copepods exhibited the most diversity in size classes, demonstrating abundance in greater categories (&gt;1–2 mm and &gt;4–5 mm), whilst other taxa primarily demonstrated abundance in the ≤1 mm size class. The study identified a variety of MPs, such as fibers, fragments, films, and pellets. Fibers (38.8 %) were the most prevalent form, followed by fragments (31.2 %) in all location. The most prevalent color was black, with 44.8 % of the total, while transparent was second at 29.6 %. Seven polymer types, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), were analyzed utilizing FTIR imaging, with PET being abundantly detected at all sampling sites. This research presents baseline data regarding the concurrent distribution of microplastics and plankton in the coastal waters of northern Central Java. The study enhances the understanding of microplastic dynamics in coastal environments through the comparison of quantitative abundance, size-class analysis, and FTIR-based polymer identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of fisheries impact on the Vietnamese marine ecosystem based on a linear inverse model","authors":"Trang Phuc-Hong Hoang ,&nbsp;Samuel Guéret ,&nbsp;Philippe Bogaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A model of the Vietnamese marine ecosystem is proposed to analyze the ecological development level in the decades 2000s and 2010s, the related causes and, especially, the fisheries impact. The ecosystem model consists of Linear Inverse Models (LIMs) that allow reconstructing carbon flows across five different trophic levels, computing four functional attributes, and estimating the fate of organic matter as well as the total system throughput of the ecosystem. The LIMs were solved to determine, on the one hand, the range of admissible solutions of each flux and, on the other hand, a Monte Carlo sampling of the polytope of flux solutions. From that sampling, the investigated functional attributes were consumption, egestion (flow to detritus), respiration and export. Based on the comparison of the total system throughput, fate of organic matter, and functional indices over the temporal periods, five conclusions are highlighted: (1) the flow of ecosystem energy in the 2010s period has increased by 32 % with respect to the previous decade; (2) catches of tunas, small pelagic fishes and cephalopods in the 2010s have significantly increased due to the La Niña phenomena, while other fisheries declined due to an increase of ocean temperature; (3) sea turtles in Vietnam are on the edge of extinction caused by tuna catches regardless of the recent raising awareness programs on protection and conservation; (4) the population of marine mammals on the coast of Vietnam up to the 2010s has decreased due to climate change, habitat destruction, overfishing, pollution and bycatch; (5) a contrasting sensitivity analysis between the 2000s and 2010s revealed reduced ecological resilience, calling for priority protection of vulnerable trophic groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 109676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and human impacts on fish assemblages in shallow bay areas of South-eastern Brazil","authors":"Wagner Uehara,&nbsp;Gustavo Henrique Soares Guedes,&nbsp;Marcia Cristina Costa de Azevedo,&nbsp;Victória de Jesus Souza,&nbsp;Francisco Gerson Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental and human influences strongly shape fish assemblages in coastal marine ecosystems, yet their combined effects remain unclear. This study examines how anthropogenic activities and environmental variables (e.g., salinity, substrate roughness, beach dimensions, and water renewal) influence fish assemblage descriptors (species composition, abundance, richness, taxonomic diversity, and trophic guilds) in two bays, two types of sandy beaches (continental vs. insular), across two seasons (winter and summer) in southeastern Brazil. We hypothesized that (H1) fish assemblage characteristics vary between bays, beach types, and seasons due to differing environmental features, and (H2) ecological and anthropogenic factors have distinct effects on assemblage descriptors. We conducted 312 beach-seine samples and analyzed the data using PERMANOVA and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs). Results show that fish assemblages differ significantly by bay, beach type, and season, with significant interactions between bays and beach types, supporting H1. Fish abundance and richness, as well as the abundance of benthivorous and planktivorous species, were higher on continental beaches. Environmental factors differentially influenced assemblage descriptors, supporting H2. For example, human impact (Human Footprint Index) was a major predictor of fish abundance, richness, and specific trophic guilds (e.g., planktivores and opportunists). Species richness peaked at intermediate salinity (∼30), substrate roughness positively affected planktivores but negatively affected benthivorous, beach length was negatively associated with total abundance and opportunistic species, and depth negatively correlated with taxonomic distinctness and benthivore abundance. These findings highlight the role of local environmental conditions in structuring fish assemblages and emphasize the need for conservation strategies that preserve habitat complexity in tropical marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Implications of surface modifying on seawall hydrodynamics performance: Reflection and run-up / down” [Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (329), February 2026, 109666, Received 30 September 2025, Revised 12 December 2025, Accepted 12 December 2025, Available online 13 December 2025, Version of Record 13 December 2025]","authors":"May R. ElKotby ,&nbsp;Omnia Abouelsaad ,&nbsp;Ali Masria","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of Physalia physalis strandings along mainland Portugal (northeastern Atlantic)","authors":"Patrícia Carvalho ,&nbsp;Clara Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Soraia Pereira ,&nbsp;Antonina dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Physalia physalis</em> is a cosmopolitan colonial organism frequently observed in Portuguese waters. The species has long tentacles, provided with cnidocytes, which release a strong poison when in contact with other organisms, and cause skin reactions and severe pain in humans. Events of rapid reproduction, common in these species, may have important economic and social consequences. This study explores for the first time, the relationships between long-term assessment of <em>P. physalis</em> strandings, using data from the GelAvista citizen science project, and environmental variables - Sea Surface Temperature (SST), wind direction and intensity, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and upwelling indices - along the Portuguese coast, using a Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Model.</div><div>Strandings of <em>P. physalis</em> were concentrated along the western coast and were rare in the south. More than 54 % of the records corresponded to a single individual. Sightings peaked from November through May (winter and spring), mirroring the negative correlation with SST. Wind patterns strongly influenced stranding events: winds likely pushed colonies toward the shore, while calm conditions facilitated their arrival on beaches. In March 2018, an upwelling event in the south coast combined with a series of storms likely underlay the high stranding numbers observed in the southern area, with more than 50 individuals of <em>P. physalis</em> per record.</div><div>A positive trend in sightings over the study period suggests that <em>P. physalis</em> occurrences may be rising, even after accounting for wind and SST, which might be linked to climate change. Our findings underscore the value of ongoing jellyfish monitoring via citizen science platforms like GelAvista and highlight the need for expanded high-resolution environmental datasets. Moreover, this work establishes a foundation for experimental studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind <em>P. physalis</em> strandings. For future research, time series techniques for imputing missing values may be utilized to enhance the completeness of environmental datasets and strengthen analytical robustness in subsequent studies focused on time series analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment mixing across heterogeneous benthic habitats: environmental and faunal controls along multiple gradients","authors":"Marta Szczepanek ,&nbsp;Emma Michaud ,&nbsp;Marc J. Silberberger ,&nbsp;Monika Kędra","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a comprehensive, seasonal assessment of sediment reworking across heterogeneous benthic habitats along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. By integrating sediment mixing metrics based on tracer profiles (biodiffusion coefficient D_b, non-local mixing coefficient r, and effective mixing depth L) with macrofaunal community structure, vertical distribution of functional groups, and bioturbation potential of community (BP_c), we identified key drivers of sediment mixing in a region subjected to strong natural and anthropogenic gradients. Our results demonstrate that both the magnitude and mode of bioturbation are primarily governed by sediment type and local environmental settings, with cohesive muds dominated by shallow, non-local mixing, and fine sands additionally supporting biodiffusive transport. Notably, gallery-diffusors emerged as key drivers of non-local mixing, independent of broader community composition or habitat type. However, sites with reduced faunal biomass and diversity, particularly under hydrodynamic or oxygen stress, exhibited minimal mixing depths and low BP_c, underscoring the functional consequences of community simplification. Despite its utility as a trait-based proxy, BP_c showed only moderate correlation with sediment mixing metrics, emphasizing the importance of context-dependent environmental settings, including seasonal changes in food supply. Altogether, our findings enhance understanding of the environmental and faunal controls on sediment mixing in low-salinity coastal systems, across structurally and functionally diverse benthic habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 109677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before the bloom: How pre-winter conditions influence jellyfish production","authors":"D. Ford,&nbsp;N.E.C. Fleming","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jellyfish are being increasingly targeted by fisheries, but their complex life cycles make it difficult to predict stock availability. The seasonal recruitment of juvenile jellyfish (ephyrae) is regulated by the reproductive output of the benthic polyp life stage. Within temperate environments, polyps typically undergo strobilation and produce ephyrae in spring. While previous works have documented how winter conditions can influence strobilation success, the potential role of pre-winter environmental conditions on ephyra production remains unknown. This research investigated a well-studied jellyfish species of bioresource interest (<em>Aurelia aurita</em>) in a multi-phase experiment designed to a) quantify the effects of temperature and food availability on polyp development, and b) determine how the environmental conditions in which polyps were reared influence ephyra production and size following a controlled winter simulation. The results demonstrated that warmer pre-winter conditions not only enhanced initial somatic growth rates and bud production, but also increased the likelihood of mature polyps strobilating after temperatures had been reduced. Although polyps grew larger and subsequently produced more ephyrae when pre-winter food availability was increased, the likelihood of strobilation and total ephyra production of polyp populations was unaffected by previous feeding regimes. There was also no relationship between the diameter of parent polyps prior to winter simulation and the mean diameter of their ephyra progeny. Warmer pre-winter conditions could promote strobilation by increasing development rates or strengthening the environmental stimulus when temperatures decrease. These results demonstrate the potential value of considering pre-winter temperature when forecasting the recruitment of jellyfish stocks during summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 109679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation of the Varkala coastal cliff, a National Geoheritage site along the southwestern coast of India: A geo-environmental approach","authors":"L. Sheela Nair ,&nbsp;M.K. Rafeeque ,&nbsp;V. Nandakumar ,&nbsp;V.I. Tiju ,&nbsp;N. Sreejith ,&nbsp;D. Padmalal","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Varkala cliff in the SW coast of India, with its expansive frontal beaches, has the distinction of being the 27th National Geological Monument in India, and efforts are underway to get this unique geological marvel recognised as a geopark. However, the existence of this cliff, belonging to the Warkalli Formation of Mio-Pliocene age, has been threatened in recent decades by both natural and anthropogenic factors. This is mainly attributed to climate change, sea level rise, and the adversities of rapid economic developments. The present study aims to identify critical areas by investigating the causative factors, such as geological, marine, and anthropogenic factors, that have led to the degradation of this geomorphological marvel. Based on the comprehensive study, such as cross-profile analysis, groundwater table mapping, shoreline change analysis using DSAS, sediment transport characterization, and wave modeling, it is revealed that wave-induced toe erosion, groundwater seepage through the friable sandstones of the formation, other physical, chemical, and biological interactions as well as human interferences are the main drivers behind the degradation. The vulnerable locations are under high development pressure, which needs to be regulated at any cost. A set of multi-faceted recommendations combining ‘grey’, ‘green’, and ‘hybrid’ measures is proposed herein to protect and preserve the Varkala cliff and its frontal beaches. Strict adherence to the implementation of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan to control developmental activities, continuous monitoring of the cliff coast for taking timely remedial measures, application of appropriate shore protection techniques, hybrid measures for the protection of the cliff face, etc., is suggested for immediate consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying coastal blue carbon through primary production in a subtropical bay","authors":"Lan-Feng Fan ,&nbsp;Jui-Sheng Chang ,&nbsp;Wen-Chen Chou ,&nbsp;Liang-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Tzong-Yueh Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal ecosystems play a disproportionate role in global carbon sequestration, yet conventional assessments often underestimate contributions from phytoplankton and benthic macroalgae. In this study, we quantified the carbon sequestration capacity of Maoao Bay, a subtropical embayment in the northwestern Pacific, by partitioning fluxes into phytoplankton-mediated biological carbon pump (phyto-BCP), phytoplankton-associated microbial carbon pump (phyto-MCP), and benthic macroalgal export production (benthic EP). Year-round sampling revealed strong seasonality in both pelagic and benthic primary production: phytoplankton production peaked during winter under enhanced nutrient availability, whereas subtidal macroalgal production was highest in summer under elevated light conditions. Total carbon sequestration averaged 88.3 kgC d⁻¹ (1.62 tCO₂e ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), with phyto-BCP contributing the largest annual fraction (68.3 %), followed by benthic EP (17.5 %) and phyto-MCP (14.2 %). Despite occupying only ∼12 % of the bay, macroalgal habitats exhibited higher per-area carbon removal efficiency than phytoplankton, highlighting their disproportionate role in coastal carbon sequestration. These findings underscore the ecological complementarity of pelagic and benthic primary producers and suggest that targeted restoration or expansion of macroalgal beds could significantly enhance nearshore blue carbon pathways, supporting regional climate mitigation strategies and broader sustainability objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}