Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109120
Ariane Lima Bettim , Murilo Zanetti Marochi , Maria Angélica Haddad
In sessile marine communities, recruitment is the initial phase of new environment colonization and represents a measure of how vulnerable the community is to non-native species' arrival. In invasion biology, it is argued that efficiency in resource exploitation and space occupation is the main form of a resident community to withstand the establishment of alien species. Our goal was to compare the colonization patterns of the alien hydrozoan Podocoryna loyola between early-stage communities and mature communities, both growing on artificial substrates, in an estuarine area in the south of Brazil. The number of recruits and the hydroid coverage were recorded in bimonthly intervals. Podocoryna loyola occurred on both communities, with greater abundance along the warmer bimesters. During the recruitment peak, there was little variation in the number of colonies between early-stage and mature communities (two to five colonies), but coverage of P. loyola recruits was lower in the mature ones. These results indicate that, in bimonthly recruitment intervals, the mature community did not provide resistance to settlement and metamorphosis of P. loyola larvae but limited the initial growth of recruits. However, after the first year of settlement, P. loyola reached higher cover percentages (up to 50%) in the mature communities, probably interfering with their composition and dynamics. We conclude that recruitment and initial growth of P. loyola are independent of a pre-existing community.
{"title":"Is the biofouling community of a subtropical estuary resistant to the recruitment of an exotic hydroid?","authors":"Ariane Lima Bettim , Murilo Zanetti Marochi , Maria Angélica Haddad","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In sessile marine communities, recruitment is the initial phase of new environment colonization and represents a measure of how vulnerable the community is to non-native species' arrival. In invasion biology, it is argued that efficiency in resource exploitation and space occupation is the main form of a resident community to withstand the establishment of alien species. Our goal was to compare the colonization patterns of the alien hydrozoan <em>Podocoryna loyola</em> between early-stage communities and mature communities, both growing on artificial substrates, in an estuarine area in the south of Brazil. The number of recruits and the hydroid coverage were recorded in bimonthly intervals. <em>Podocoryna loyola</em> occurred on both communities, with greater abundance along the warmer bimesters. During the recruitment peak, there was little variation in the number of colonies between early-stage and mature communities (two to five colonies), but coverage of <em>P. loyola</em> recruits was lower in the mature ones. These results indicate that, in bimonthly recruitment intervals, the mature community did not provide resistance to settlement and metamorphosis of <em>P. loyola</em> larvae but limited the initial growth of recruits. However, after the first year of settlement, <em>P. loyola</em> reached higher cover percentages (up to 50%) in the mature communities, probably interfering with their composition and dynamics. We conclude that recruitment and initial growth of <em>P. loyola</em> are independent of a pre-existing community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109086
Phoebe Armitage , Anna Törnroos , Rosalyn Fredriksen , Bodil A. Bluhm , Benjamin Weigel , Erik Bonsdorff , Jørgen S. Christiansen , Marie C. Nordström
Climate change is challenging species’ abilities to respond and function. In the Arctic, shifts in temperature and ice cover are disrupting established biological interactions and thereby ecosystem structure and function. By examining epibenthic communities in coastal and continental shelf habitats of Northeast Greenland that have been ice-locked for centuries, we provide a contemporary baseline of benthic functional diversity through a trait-based approach. We show clear trends in biodiversity and traits from a priori defined groups of fjord, shelf, shelf break, and slope habitats. With biodiversity and functional indices, we identified how fjord and shelf communities could be vulnerable to current and future changes in climate conditions. Using a hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) we found taxa occurrences, regardless of taxonomic relatedness, were mainly driven by changes in depth, salinity, and oxygen and less so by temperature. Though rising global temperatures are undoubtedly altering the physiochemical structure of the shelf area, our study underscores the significance of often-overlooked environmental factors in Arctic climate change studies. Moreover, we highlight how species traits have a significant role in forming and maintaining community composition by explaining a high amount of among-taxa variation in taxa occurrences and taxa responses to the environment. While the significance of this is not known in relation to community resilience, as Arctic shelf processes intensify (e.g., Atlantification), changes in benthic communities and their ecological roles will ultimately affect ecosystem functioning and the broader dynamics of complex seascapes.
{"title":"Diverging benthic trait diversity and drivers across fjord to slope habitats of the high Arctic","authors":"Phoebe Armitage , Anna Törnroos , Rosalyn Fredriksen , Bodil A. Bluhm , Benjamin Weigel , Erik Bonsdorff , Jørgen S. Christiansen , Marie C. Nordström","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is challenging species’ abilities to respond and function. In the Arctic, shifts in temperature and ice cover are disrupting established biological interactions and thereby ecosystem structure and function. By examining epibenthic communities in coastal and continental shelf habitats of Northeast Greenland that have been ice-locked for centuries, we provide a contemporary baseline of benthic functional diversity through a trait-based approach. We show clear trends in biodiversity and traits from <em>a priori</em> defined groups of fjord, shelf, shelf break, and slope habitats. With biodiversity and functional indices, we identified how fjord and shelf communities could be vulnerable to current and future changes in climate conditions. Using a hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) we found taxa occurrences, regardless of taxonomic relatedness, were mainly driven by changes in depth, salinity, and oxygen and less so by temperature. Though rising global temperatures are undoubtedly altering the physiochemical structure of the shelf area, our study underscores the significance of often-overlooked environmental factors in Arctic climate change studies. Moreover, we highlight how species traits have a significant role in forming and maintaining community composition by explaining a high amount of among-taxa variation in taxa occurrences and taxa responses to the environment. While the significance of this is not known in relation to community resilience, as Arctic shelf processes intensify (<em>e.g.,</em> Atlantification), changes in benthic communities and their ecological roles will ultimately affect ecosystem functioning and the broader dynamics of complex seascapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109089
Chiara Favaretto, Piero Ruol, Luca Martinelli
This study analyses the coastal flooding hazard of the Po River Delta (Italy) area and develops a credible strategy for adaptation to climate change. The Po Delta, located in the north-western Adriatic Sea, is a peculiar coastal environment of great ecological and productive importance. The inland area is protected by different lines of levees, some of which are situated along river branches and others along the perimeters of the lagoons. Following the 1966 extreme storm event, the levees were raised and reinforced. Now, the predicted sea level rise and the subsidence affecting the area pose new warnings that require the possible upgrading of the levees surrounding the lagoons. Extensive field measurements and surveys are available and have been used to classify the 84 km long lagoonal levees. A set of numerical wave and surge results allows the overtopping and overflow discharges to be calculated with analytical tools to highlight the critical stretches along the defence. By 2070, considering the worst IPCC SSP5-8.5 scenario and a typical subsidence rate (6 ÷ 10 mm/y), it is found that ∼36 km of levees require mitigation measures to face the future projections and ∼15 km of them are associated with high level of hazard. The most vulnerable area is the Scardovari lagoon in the southern part of the Delta. The adaptation strategy includes raising the crest of the levees, improving the armour layer and, eventually, constructing low-crested structures or other wave attenuation options within the lagoons.
{"title":"Analysis of the vulnerability of the lagoon levees of the Po Delta to coastal flooding in a changing climate","authors":"Chiara Favaretto, Piero Ruol, Luca Martinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyses the coastal flooding hazard of the Po River Delta (Italy) area and develops a credible strategy for adaptation to climate change. The Po Delta, located in the north-western Adriatic Sea, is a peculiar coastal environment of great ecological and productive importance. The inland area is protected by different lines of levees, some of which are situated along river branches and others along the perimeters of the lagoons. Following the 1966 extreme storm event, the levees were raised and reinforced. Now, the predicted sea level rise and the subsidence affecting the area pose new warnings that require the possible upgrading of the levees surrounding the lagoons. Extensive field measurements and surveys are available and have been used to classify the 84 km long lagoonal levees. A set of numerical wave and surge results allows the overtopping and overflow discharges to be calculated with analytical tools to highlight the critical stretches along the defence. By 2070, considering the worst IPCC SSP5-8.5 scenario and a typical subsidence rate (6 ÷ 10 mm/y), it is found that ∼36 km of levees require mitigation measures to face the future projections and ∼15 km of them are associated with high level of hazard. The most vulnerable area is the Scardovari lagoon in the southern part of the Delta. The adaptation strategy includes raising the crest of the levees, improving the armour layer and, eventually, constructing low-crested structures or other wave attenuation options within the lagoons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109064
F. Aranceta-Garza , R. Saldívar-Lucio , F. Arreguín-Sánchez , F. Vergara-Solana
Penaeid shrimp represents one of the most economically important fisheries worldwide. In Mexico, they comprise a sequential multispecies fishery with highly variable seasonal and interannual production, presenting its maximum national yield in the Gulf of California (GC) by exploiting the species Litopenaues vannamei, L. stylirostris, and Farfantepenaues californiensis. The yield variability can be related to their reproductive climatic adaptability, measured by the Mexican Fisheries Bureau as the intra and inter-seasonal percentage of mature females (%MF). Currently, shrimp fishery management in Mexico does not explicitly consider the environmental effect within the exploitation strategies for each species, although climatic factors significantly affect this fishery. For this reason, the present study aims to determine a function to estimate the monthly %MF for each commercial penaeid species considering climatic fluctuations. For this objective, the monthly relationship of %MF for each species over 15 years (2001–2015) with the seasonal cycle of the sea surface temperature anomalies (1950–2020) were analyzed and classified by intensity scenarios (normal, warm & cold) in the southern GC, fitting a logistic function based on monthly SST differentials and SST time lags per species. As a result, the model was able to explain 40–60% of the %MF variation per species (p < 0.001), defining the natural seasonal peaks in the summer and declining towards the winter. Under the climate scenarios, the weak-cold anomalies resulted in the maximum %MF (up to +142% in F. californiensis). Conversely, a minimum %MF (−50%) for the three species resulted from moderate to strong warming anomalies. The %MF of the species with the most tropical affinity (L. vannamei and F. californiensis) were the least vulnerable under weak-warm anomalies, while the more temperate species was the most sensible (L. stylirostris). The model significantly predicted the seasonality of %MF per species and suggests an inverse relationship with SST anomalies, which may have important implications for resource management under climate change and may support the improvement of stock assessment.
{"title":"Climate effect on the seasonal gonad maturity of three commercial penaeid shrimp species in the Gulf of California","authors":"F. Aranceta-Garza , R. Saldívar-Lucio , F. Arreguín-Sánchez , F. Vergara-Solana","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Penaeid shrimp represents one of the most economically important fisheries worldwide. In Mexico, they comprise a sequential multispecies fishery with highly variable seasonal and interannual production, presenting its maximum national yield in the Gulf of California (GC) by exploiting the species <em>Litopenaues vannamei, L. stylirostris,</em> and <em>Farfantepenaues californiensis</em>. The yield variability can be related to their reproductive climatic adaptability, measured by the Mexican Fisheries Bureau as the intra and inter-seasonal percentage of mature females (%MF). Currently, shrimp fishery management in Mexico does not explicitly consider the environmental effect within the exploitation strategies for each species, although climatic factors significantly affect this fishery. For this reason, the present study aims to determine a function to estimate the monthly %MF for each commercial penaeid species considering climatic fluctuations. For this objective, the monthly relationship of %MF for each species over 15 years (2001–2015) with the seasonal cycle of the sea surface temperature anomalies (1950–2020) were analyzed and classified by intensity scenarios (normal, warm & cold) in the southern GC, fitting a logistic function based on monthly SST differentials and SST time lags per species. As a result, the model was able to explain 40–60% of the %MF variation per species (p < 0.001), defining the natural seasonal peaks in the summer and declining towards the winter. Under the climate scenarios, the weak-cold anomalies resulted in the maximum %MF (up to +142% in <em>F. californiensis</em>). Conversely, a minimum %MF (−50%) for the three species resulted from moderate to strong warming anomalies. The %MF of the species with the most tropical affinity (<em>L. vannamei</em> and <em>F. californiensis</em>) were the least vulnerable under weak-warm anomalies, while the more temperate species was the most sensible (<em>L. stylirostris</em>). The model significantly predicted the seasonality of %MF per species and suggests an inverse relationship with <span>SST</span> anomalies, which may have important implications for resource management under climate change and may support the improvement of stock assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109080
Tzu-Hsuan Tu , En-Ju Lin , Chin-Chang Hung , Wen-Chen Chou , Yung-Yen Shih
Tropical seagrass beds usually exhibit pronounced diel variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mediated by primary production, respiration, and microbial activities. With near-future climate change scenarios predicting elevated ocean temperatures and more frequent extreme conditions, understanding the mechanisms that influence the DO and DOC dynamics in these ecosystems is crucial. This study examined two seagrass sites with distinct community compositions on Dongsha Island (South China Sea): a semi-closed lagoon dominated by Halodule uninervis, and an open coast dominated by Thalassia hemprichii. Metabolic rates and DOC fluxes were quantified using in situ benthic chambers and active microbial communities were characterized via amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts. Seagrass beds predominantly exhibited net autotrophy in summer, shifting toward a heterotrophic state in winter, whereas unvegetated sediments remained net heterotrophic. DOC fluxes varied, with the semi-closed lagoon acting as a net DOC source and the open coast predominantly functioning as a DOC sink, correlating with microbial activity rather than with primary production. Diverse microbial taxa emerged, varying across locations and seasons, and correlated with factors such as organic carbon, temperature, and DO. A surge in microbial activity over diel cycles likely drove the observed night time decline in DO. The contrasting trends in community productivity and DOC production between the two sites were influenced by different seagrass communities and relevant environmental factors. As ocean temperatures continue to rise, the net heterotrophy and sulfidic conditions observed in the lagoon may represent the future for tropical seagrass ecosystems, underscoring the need to maintain coastal water quality and understand microbial community resilience.
{"title":"The dissolved oxygen variation in seagrasses is influenced by DOC excretion and its associated microbes","authors":"Tzu-Hsuan Tu , En-Ju Lin , Chin-Chang Hung , Wen-Chen Chou , Yung-Yen Shih","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical seagrass beds usually exhibit pronounced diel variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mediated by primary production, respiration, and microbial activities. With near-future climate change scenarios predicting elevated ocean temperatures and more frequent extreme conditions, understanding the mechanisms that influence the DO and DOC dynamics in these ecosystems is crucial. This study examined two seagrass sites with distinct community compositions on Dongsha Island (South China Sea): a semi-closed lagoon dominated by <em>Halodule uninervis,</em> and an open coast dominated by <em>Thalassia hemprichii</em>. Metabolic rates and DOC fluxes were quantified using <em>in situ</em> benthic chambers and active microbial communities were characterized via amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts. Seagrass beds predominantly exhibited net autotrophy in summer, shifting toward a heterotrophic state in winter, whereas unvegetated sediments remained net heterotrophic. DOC fluxes varied, with the semi-closed lagoon acting as a net DOC source and the open coast predominantly functioning as a DOC sink, correlating with microbial activity rather than with primary production. Diverse microbial taxa emerged, varying across locations and seasons, and correlated with factors such as organic carbon, temperature, and DO. A surge in microbial activity over diel cycles likely drove the observed night time decline in DO. The contrasting trends in community productivity and DOC production between the two sites were influenced by different seagrass communities and relevant environmental factors. As ocean temperatures continue to rise, the net heterotrophy and sulfidic conditions observed in the lagoon may represent the future for tropical seagrass ecosystems, underscoring the need to maintain coastal water quality and understand microbial community resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109101
James A. de Haast , Coleen L. Moloney , Lene Buhl-Mortensen , Natasha Karenyi
Cold-water corals form complex three-dimensional reef structures. These reefs are most commonly formed by Lophelia pertusa, now synonymous with Desmophyllum pertusum, and are present in all of the world’s oceans. The reefs provide habitats for a range of species and are known biodiversity hotspots. Scale matters within the reef; there are differences in assemblages of taxa on and off the reefs as well as between different reef zones. Sites from nine reefs off the coast of Norway were investigated to determine whether taxa assemblages are related to the depth, substratum types, and/or geographical position of the reef. Data were obtained from video transects taken using the video platform CAMPOD as part of the MAREANO program. The environmental conditions and substrata present at the reefs were described and covariant factors identified. The multivariate statistical method, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA), was used to identify relationships between the environmental variables and the taxa assemblages. The abundance of the live coral substratum type was found to be the most significant factor for determining the taxa assemblage present. Additionally, in order of decreasing influence, taxa assemblage was found to be influenced by depth, latitude, longitude, abundance of the coral rubble substratum, and abundance of the pebbles substratum. The sponge Mycale (mycale) lingua was associated with the living coral substratum. The anemone Protanthea simplex was found to be associated with sites where dead coral was the most common substratum type, yet it is also associated with high percentages of coral rubble. This association suggests that micro-habitats (e.g. coral rubble within the dead coral zone or vice versa) are important. Location was found to account for some of the variance in taxa assemblages, but this variable likely represents a proxy for other local environmental factors.
{"title":"Relationships between taxa assemblages and substratum types on cold-water coral reefs","authors":"James A. de Haast , Coleen L. Moloney , Lene Buhl-Mortensen , Natasha Karenyi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold-water corals form complex three-dimensional reef structures. These reefs are most commonly formed by <em>Lophelia pertusa</em>, now synonymous with <em>Desmophyllum pertusum</em>, and are present in all of the world’s oceans. The reefs provide habitats for a range of species and are known biodiversity hotspots. Scale matters within the reef; there are differences in assemblages of taxa on and off the reefs as well as between different reef zones. Sites from nine reefs off the coast of Norway were investigated to determine whether taxa assemblages are related to the depth, substratum types, and/or geographical position of the reef. Data were obtained from video transects taken using the video platform CAMPOD as part of the MAREANO program. The environmental conditions and substrata present at the reefs were described and covariant factors identified. The multivariate statistical method, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA), was used to identify relationships between the environmental variables and the taxa assemblages. The abundance of the live coral substratum type was found to be the most significant factor for determining the taxa assemblage present. Additionally, in order of decreasing influence, taxa assemblage was found to be influenced by depth, latitude, longitude, abundance of the coral rubble substratum, and abundance of the pebbles substratum. The sponge <em>Mycale (mycale) lingua</em> was associated with the living coral substratum. The anemone <em>Protanthea simplex</em> was found to be associated with sites where dead coral was the most common substratum type, yet it is also associated with high percentages of coral rubble. This association suggests that micro-habitats (e.g. coral rubble within the dead coral zone or vice versa) are important. Location was found to account for some of the variance in taxa assemblages, but this variable likely represents a proxy for other local environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109113
Emma S. Nuss , Brian Powell , Conor Jerolmon , Olivia D. Nigro , Andrian P. Gajigan , Shaun Giancaterino , Grieg F. Steward
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that thrives in warm marine and estuarine environments and poses a health risk to humans through ingestion or wound infection. Previous work on predicting V. vulnificus concentrations has focused on developing statistical models based on observational data of V. vulnificus concentrations and environmental conditions. Those models rely on correlation, therefore are not easily extrapolated and do not represent the underlying coupled biological and hydrodynamic processes. We developed a mechanistic population model of V. vulnificus, based on laboratory measured growth rates in varying temperature and salinity, and coupled it to a 3-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model (ROMS) of the south Oahu region. The full coupled microbial-hydrodynamic model is evaluated and analyzed for a three-month period during spring 2017 in the Ala Wai Canal of Waikı̄kı̄, Hawai‘i. Simulated V. vulnificus dynamics show that advection is the dominant driver in concentration changes, but in situ growth rates are important, particularly during precipitation events. We find that moderate, prolonged precipitation events provide optimal conditions for elevated V. vulnificus concentrations. These results are consistent with field observations and prior studies, suggesting predictive skill and a step towards V. vulnificus hazard forecasting. We expect that this mechanistic approach should be more portable than statistical models to simulating V. vulnificus in new geographic regions and could even be adapted to other pathogens with appropriate parameterization of the growth model.
{"title":"Simulating Vibrio vulnificus in the Ala Wai Canal using a coupled microbial-hydrodynamic numerical model","authors":"Emma S. Nuss , Brian Powell , Conor Jerolmon , Olivia D. Nigro , Andrian P. Gajigan , Shaun Giancaterino , Grieg F. Steward","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that thrives in warm marine and estuarine environments and poses a health risk to humans through ingestion or wound infection. Previous work on predicting <em>V. vulnificus</em> concentrations has focused on developing statistical models based on observational data of <em>V. vulnificus</em> concentrations and environmental conditions. Those models rely on correlation, therefore are not easily extrapolated and do not represent the underlying coupled biological and hydrodynamic processes. We developed a mechanistic population model of <em>V. vulnificus</em>, based on laboratory measured growth rates in varying temperature and salinity, and coupled it to a 3-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model (ROMS) of the south Oahu region. The full coupled microbial-hydrodynamic model is evaluated and analyzed for a three-month period during spring 2017 in the Ala Wai Canal of Waikı̄kı̄, Hawai‘i. Simulated <em>V. vulnificus</em> dynamics show that advection is the dominant driver in concentration changes, but <em>in situ</em> growth rates are important, particularly during precipitation events. We find that moderate, prolonged precipitation events provide optimal conditions for elevated <em>V. vulnificus</em> concentrations. These results are consistent with field observations and prior studies, suggesting predictive skill and a step towards <em>V. vulnificus</em> hazard forecasting. We expect that this mechanistic approach should be more portable than statistical models to simulating <em>V. vulnificus</em> in new geographic regions and could even be adapted to other pathogens with appropriate parameterization of the growth model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109107
Muriel Z.M. Brückner , Giovanni Coco , Maarten G. Kleinhans
Sea level rise (SLR) threatens estuaries with growing risks of flooding, erosion and loss of biodiversity. Macrobenthic bioturbators can destabilize sediments and potentially increase local erosion. Simultaneously, SLR may change macrobenthic habitat when estuarine morphology adjusts, affecting bioturbator abundance and bioturbation effects. This results in a feedback loop between changing hydrodynamics, morphology and bioturbation that to date is not well understood, but determines the long term evolution of coasts and their ecosystems in a changing climate. To shed light on these feedbacks, we use a novel eco-morphodynamic model that couples bioturbation effects with hydro-morphodynamic computations in an exploratory temperate climate estuary model. Bioturbation is hereby parameterized based on the characteristics of two macrobenthic species for which flume experiments and data on habitat preferences and abundance exist. In addition, we test whether an increase in fluvial mud supply caused by increased hinterland erosion can mitigate net estuarine erosion and habitat changes for the species. Our exploratory model shows that both SLR and bioturbation, individually and in conjunction, reduce mud content and increase estuary volume. Intertidal bed profiles become smoother through erosion of the higher elevations, which leads to larger intertidal habitat in the inner estuary. These changes result in a species-dependent response to SLR: the bioturbator that prefers sandy habitat adapts to an increasingly dynamic morphology, whereas the model species that prefers calm and muddy habitat declines. However, with increasing SLR rates, both model species decline and relative bioturbation effects reduce, leading to a morphology mainly controlled by tides. Hinterland erosion can potentially counteract drowning, but, if habitat and hence bioturbation rates are increased, this positive effect might be neutralized. Our findings show that, while bioturbation can drive estuarine response and resilience under lower rates of SLR, morphological change depends largely on the physical processes under high rates of SLR. This nonlinear modification depends on species-specific bioturbation effects, their habitat preferences, and also the number of species, which all control the vulnerability of species to SLR and hence their potential to induce morphological change.
{"title":"Modelling the adaptation of estuarine morphology to macrobenthic bioturbation and sea level rise","authors":"Muriel Z.M. Brückner , Giovanni Coco , Maarten G. Kleinhans","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea level rise (SLR) threatens estuaries with growing risks of flooding, erosion and loss of biodiversity. Macrobenthic bioturbators can destabilize sediments and potentially increase local erosion. Simultaneously, SLR may change macrobenthic habitat when estuarine morphology adjusts, affecting bioturbator abundance and bioturbation effects. This results in a feedback loop between changing hydrodynamics, morphology and bioturbation that to date is not well understood, but determines the long term evolution of coasts and their ecosystems in a changing climate. To shed light on these feedbacks, we use a novel eco-morphodynamic model that couples bioturbation effects with hydro-morphodynamic computations in an exploratory temperate climate estuary model. Bioturbation is hereby parameterized based on the characteristics of two macrobenthic species for which flume experiments and data on habitat preferences and abundance exist. In addition, we test whether an increase in fluvial mud supply caused by increased hinterland erosion can mitigate net estuarine erosion and habitat changes for the species. Our exploratory model shows that both SLR and bioturbation, individually and in conjunction, reduce mud content and increase estuary volume. Intertidal bed profiles become smoother through erosion of the higher elevations, which leads to larger intertidal habitat in the inner estuary. These changes result in a species-dependent response to SLR: the bioturbator that prefers sandy habitat adapts to an increasingly dynamic morphology, whereas the model species that prefers calm and muddy habitat declines. However, with increasing SLR rates, both model species decline and relative bioturbation effects reduce, leading to a morphology mainly controlled by tides. Hinterland erosion can potentially counteract drowning, but, if habitat and hence bioturbation rates are increased, this positive effect might be neutralized. Our findings show that, while bioturbation can drive estuarine response and resilience under lower rates of SLR, morphological change depends largely on the physical processes under high rates of SLR. This nonlinear modification depends on species-specific bioturbation effects, their habitat preferences, and also the number of species, which all control the vulnerability of species to SLR and hence their potential to induce morphological change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109102
Michael Dalsin , Ryan K. Walter , Piero L.F. Mazzini
Analysis of ecosystem impacts from offshore wind (OSW) farm development has primarily focused on localized effects. However, in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling Systems (EBUS) like the California Current, OSW farms can modify the intensity and spatial structure of wind-driven upwelling, inducing non-local (tens of kms away) changes to seawater temperature. Recent numerical modeling research determined that a hypothetical upper bound full buildout of OSW farms in central California could warm coastal waters through a reduction in upwelling. Here, we examine the sensitivity of coastal marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are prolonged extreme seawater temperatures that are among the greatest threats to marine ecosystems, to seawater temperature increases motivated by OSW-induced warming. Using a novel long-term coastal water temperature record spanning over four decades, we find that there is the potential for significant increases in MHW days, with individual MHWs becoming more intense and prolonged. Although the exact nature of OSW-induced changes to MHWs are uncertain, this is the first investigation into the potential impacts of OSW development on coastal MHWs, with important implications for marine ecosystems in EBUS globally where OSW is being considered. Despite the potential impacts, OSW remains a critical component to combat the much more pervasive issue of global climate change.
{"title":"Offshore wind farms could impact coastal marine heatwaves in eastern boundary upwelling systems","authors":"Michael Dalsin , Ryan K. Walter , Piero L.F. Mazzini","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analysis of ecosystem impacts from offshore wind (OSW) farm development has primarily focused on localized effects. However, in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling Systems (EBUS) like the California Current, OSW farms can modify the intensity and spatial structure of wind-driven upwelling, inducing non-local (tens of kms away) changes to seawater temperature. Recent numerical modeling research determined that a hypothetical upper bound full buildout of OSW farms in central California could warm coastal waters through a reduction in upwelling. Here, we examine the sensitivity of coastal marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are prolonged extreme seawater temperatures that are among the greatest threats to marine ecosystems, to seawater temperature increases motivated by OSW-induced warming. Using a novel long-term coastal water temperature record spanning over four decades, we find that there is the potential for significant increases in MHW days, with individual MHWs becoming more intense and prolonged. Although the exact nature of OSW-induced changes to MHWs are uncertain, this is the first investigation into the potential impacts of OSW development on coastal MHWs, with important implications for marine ecosystems in EBUS globally where OSW is being considered. Despite the potential impacts, OSW remains a critical component to combat the much more pervasive issue of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seabirds are now facing plastic pollution worldwide, but there is a lack of data on plastic ingestion at the level of the Black Sea's unique basin.
We present a first complete assessment of the ingested plastic by two marine bird species (Larus cachinnans and Phalacrocorax carbo). Plastic fragments (>1 mm) were extracted from the birds’ stomachs, analyzed, and identified using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy.
We found ingested plastic in 17.6% of individuals, with seagulls exhibiting 23.08% frequency of occurrence (FO), while in cormorants no plastic items were found. User plastics were the most common type ingested, with the off/white-clear and microplastics being the most common color and size encountered. The identified polymers were polyethylene mix (58.33%), polyethylene (33.33%) and polyamide (8.33%).
This is the first birds’ plastic ingestion study, both for Romanian and the Black Sea coastal region, highlighting the need for setting-up a seabird litter ingestion monitoring to properly mitigate plastic pollution in the Black Sea.
{"title":"Marine birds’ plastic ingestion: A first study at the Northwestern Black Sea coast","authors":"Andreea-Mădălina Ciucă , Mihaela Manea , Lucica Barbeş , Elena Stoica","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seabirds are now facing plastic pollution worldwide, but there is a lack of data on plastic ingestion at the level of the Black Sea's unique basin.</div><div>We present a first complete assessment of the ingested plastic by two marine bird species (<em>Larus cachinnans</em> and <em>Phalacrocorax carbo</em>). Plastic fragments (>1 mm) were extracted from the birds’ stomachs, analyzed, and identified using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy.</div><div>We found ingested plastic in 17.6% of individuals, with seagulls exhibiting 23.08% frequency of occurrence (FO), while in cormorants no plastic items were found. User plastics were the most common type ingested, with the off/white-clear and microplastics being the most common color and size encountered. The identified polymers were polyethylene mix (58.33%), polyethylene (33.33%) and polyamide (8.33%).</div><div>This is the first birds’ plastic ingestion study, both for Romanian and the Black Sea coastal region, highlighting the need for setting-up a seabird litter ingestion monitoring to properly mitigate plastic pollution in the Black Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 109032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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