Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science最新文献_第7页

Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of Physalia physalis strandings along mainland Portugal (northeastern Atlantic) 葡萄牙大陆（大西洋东北部）Physalia physalis搁浅的时空格局及环境驱动因素

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109674

Patrícia Carvalho , Clara Cordeiro , Soraia Pereira , Antonina dos Santos

Physalia physalis is a cosmopolitan colonial organism frequently observed in Portuguese waters. The species has long tentacles, provided with cnidocytes, which release a strong poison when in contact with other organisms, and cause skin reactions and severe pain in humans. Events of rapid reproduction, common in these species, may have important economic and social consequences. This study explores for the first time, the relationships between long-term assessment of P. physalis strandings, using data from the GelAvista citizen science project, and environmental variables - Sea Surface Temperature (SST), wind direction and intensity, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and upwelling indices - along the Portuguese coast, using a Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Model.

Strandings of P. physalis were concentrated along the western coast and were rare in the south. More than 54 % of the records corresponded to a single individual. Sightings peaked from November through May (winter and spring), mirroring the negative correlation with SST. Wind patterns strongly influenced stranding events: winds likely pushed colonies toward the shore, while calm conditions facilitated their arrival on beaches. In March 2018, an upwelling event in the south coast combined with a series of storms likely underlay the high stranding numbers observed in the southern area, with more than 50 individuals of P. physalis per record.

A positive trend in sightings over the study period suggests that P. physalis occurrences may be rising, even after accounting for wind and SST, which might be linked to climate change. Our findings underscore the value of ongoing jellyfish monitoring via citizen science platforms like GelAvista and highlight the need for expanded high-resolution environmental datasets. Moreover, this work establishes a foundation for experimental studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind P. physalis strandings. For future research, time series techniques for imputing missing values may be utilized to enhance the completeness of environmental datasets and strengthen analytical robustness in subsequent studies focused on time series analysis.

Physalia physalis是一种在葡萄牙水域经常观察到的世界性殖民地生物。这个物种有长长的触手，上面有刺丝细胞，当与其他生物接触时，刺丝细胞会释放出强烈的毒素，并引起皮肤反应和人类的剧烈疼痛。在这些物种中常见的快速繁殖事件可能会产生重要的经济和社会后果。本研究首次使用广义线性混合效应模型，利用GelAvista公民科学项目的数据，探索了葡萄牙海岸对physalis搁浅的长期评估与环境变量（海表温度（SST）、风向和强度、北大西洋涛动（NAO）和上升流指数）之间的关系。physalis的搁浅主要集中在西海岸，在南部很少见。超过54%的记录对应于单个个体。目击高峰从11月到5月（冬季和春季），反映了与海温的负相关。风的模式强烈地影响了搁浅事件：风可能会把殖民地推向海岸，而平静的条件则有助于它们到达海滩。2018年3月，南海岸的上涌事件加上一系列风暴可能是南部地区观察到的高搁浅数量的基础，每次记录有超过50只physalis个体。在研究期间，一个积极的趋势表明，即使在考虑了可能与气候变化有关的风和海温之后，physalis的发生率可能正在上升。我们的研究结果强调了通过公民科学平台（如GelAvista）持续监测水母的价值，并强调了扩展高分辨率环境数据集的必要性。此外，这项工作为实验研究奠定了基础，以阐明物理假单胞菌搁浅的机制。在未来的研究中，可以利用缺失值的时间序列技术来提高环境数据集的完整性，并在后续的时间序列分析研究中增强分析的鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Significant dissolved nutrient and carbon via fresh and saline groundwater discharge into a mariculture bay 大量溶解的营养物质和碳通过新鲜和含盐地下水排放到海水养殖海湾

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109655

Huiying Li , Fenfen Zhang , Jinzhou Du , Jianan Liu

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a critical pathway for transporting nutrient and carbon from land to coastal ecosystems, yet its partitioning into fresh SGD (SFGD) and recirculated seawater (RSGD) and associated solute fluxes remain poorly constrained in mariculture bays. In this study, we quantified different types of SGD and their derived dissolved nutrient and carbon fluxes in Xihu Bay, a typical mariculture-dominated semi-enclosed bay in Zhejiang, China, using a²²⁴Ra mass balance model combined with water-salt mass balance model. Results showed total SGD flux reached (2.5 ± 0.7) × 10⁷ m³ d⁻¹ (46 ± 12 cm d⁻¹), with SFGD contributing 3.5 % of the total SGD flux but only 1.6–7.5 % of SGD-derived nutrient fluxes (dissolved inorganic nitrogen: 136 ± 88 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹; dissolved inorganic phosphorous: 1.8 ± 0.60 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹; dissolved inorganic silicon: 89 ± 25 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹) and <8 % of carbon fluxes (dissolved inorganic carbon: 1352 ± 419 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹; dissolved organic carbon: 6.3 ± 2.6 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹). In contrast, RSGD dominated both dissolved nutrient (92.5–98.4 %) and carbon (>92 %) transporting, driven by tidal pumping and wave. With high nitrogen to phosphorous ratios in SFGD (54.5) and RSGD (77.9), it may exacerbate nutrient stoichiometric imbalance in Xihu Bay. Elevated nutrient and carbon concentrations in saline groundwater, highlighted RSGD as a key carrier of anthropogenically derived solutes. Given the absence of riverine inputs, SGD emerged as the predominant external source of nutrient and carbon, emphasizing its critical role in regulating biogeochemical cycles and ecological dynamics in aquaculture-impacted bays.

海底地下水排放（SGD）是将养分和碳从陆地运输到沿海生态系统的重要途径，但在海水养殖海湾中，其划分为新鲜SGD （SFGD）和循环水（RSGD）以及相关的溶质通量仍然缺乏限制。本研究采用a224Ra质量平衡模型结合水盐质量平衡模型，定量分析了浙江西湖湾以海水养殖为主的半封闭海湾中不同类型SGD及其衍生的溶解营养盐和碳通量。结果显示总SGD通量达到(2.5±0.7)×107立方米d−1 d(46±12厘米−1),与SFGD贡献总额的3.5% SGD通量但只有1.6 - -7.5%的SGD-derived养分通量(溶解无机氮:136±88μ摩尔2 d−−1;溶解无机磷:1.8±0.60μm摩尔2 d−−1;溶解无机硅:89±25μ摩尔m 2 d−−1)& lt; 8%的碳通量(溶解无机碳:1352±419μ摩尔2 d−−1;溶解有机碳:6.3±2.6μm摩尔2 d−−1)。而在潮汐泵送和波浪驱动下，RSGD在溶解营养物（92.5 ~ 98.4%）和碳（> 92%）输运中均占主导地位。SFGD（54.5）和RSGD（77.9）的高氮磷比可能加剧西湖湾营养化学计量失衡。盐碱化地下水中营养物质和碳浓度升高，突出表明RSGD是人为产生的溶质的关键载体。由于缺乏河流输入，SGD成为营养和碳的主要外部来源，强调其在调节受水产养殖影响的海湾的生物地球化学循环和生态动态方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Bivariate extreme analysis for coastal flooding in the Adriatic Sea 亚得里亚海沿岸洪水的二元极端分析

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109668

Sara Corvaro, Francesco Marini, Stefania Rocchi, Carlo Lorenzoni

This study investigates the interaction between storm surge and wave height in the Adriatic Sea, focusing on their combined joint influence on coastal flooding risk under different climate scenarios and return periods. Using bivariate statistical analysis based on measured data (water levels) and hindcast data (significant wave heights), the research quantifies the joint probabilities of extreme storm events and highlights the contribution of waves (wave set-up) in amplifying extreme sea levels (ESLs) in the coastal area. In particular, the study aims to assess extreme sea levels in the Adriatic Sea by providing ESLs maps for different return periods and two IPPC climate change scenarios (SSP1-1.9 and SSP5-8.5). Maximum ESLs are observed in the northern Adriatic, with Venice identified as a hotspot. Wave contributions are shown to substantially double water levels, particularly in the areas between Ancona and Zadar and near the southern entrance at Otranto, emphasizing the need for a bivariate approach to accurately capture these interactions. The projected sea level rise further exacerbates the risks posed by storm events, particularly for vulnerable coastal areas. The present study underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the combined joint effects of storm surge and waves, and enable more effective coastal flooding risk assessments along the Adriatic coast due to extreme sea levels by providing valuable support for designing mitigation measures to address climate-driven extreme events.

本文研究了亚得里亚海风暴潮与浪高的相互作用，重点研究了它们在不同气候情景和回归期下对沿海洪水风险的联合影响。利用基于实测数据（水位）和后播数据（有效浪高）的双变量统计分析，该研究量化了极端风暴事件的联合概率，并强调了波浪（波浪设置）在放大沿海地区极端海平面（ESLs）方面的贡献。通过提供不同回归期和两种IPPC气候变化情景（SSP1-1.9和SSP5-8.5）的ESLs图，对亚得里亚海极端海平面进行了评估。在亚得里亚海北部观测到最大的esl，威尼斯被确定为热点。波浪的作用表明，水位基本上翻了一番，特别是在安科纳和扎达尔之间以及奥特朗托南部入口附近的地区，强调需要一种二元方法来准确捕捉这些相互作用。预计的海平面上升进一步加剧了风暴事件带来的风险，特别是对脆弱的沿海地区。本研究强调需要更全面地了解风暴潮和海浪的综合联合影响，并通过为设计缓解措施以应对气候驱动的极端事件提供宝贵支持，从而更有效地评估亚得里亚海沿岸因极端海平面造成的沿海洪水风险。

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引用次数: 0

“Groundwater and ferromanganese oxide-coated calcareous concretion release excess radon to the southwestern Yellow Sea” 地下水和氧化锰铁覆盖的钙质固结物向黄海西南部释放过量的氡。

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109664

Shibin Zhao , Qingzhen Yao , Disong Yang , Xiaoyi Guo , Chunqian Li , Wen Liu , Yuan Lu , Zhigang Yu , Bochao Xu

As a natural-occurring radioisotope, radon (²²²Rn, t_1/2 = 3.82 d) is generally enriched in groundwater than surface water, which has been routinely applied to trace submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) process in coastal regions. However, the high ²²²Rn content in coastal seawater may not always be attributed to SGD solely, especially when encountering with specific sedimentary sources on the seafloor. In this study, we systematically investigated the radon distribution in water columns in the southwestern Yellow Sea. Highest ²²²Rn activity (reaching ∼280 Bq m⁻³) appeared in coastal bottom seawaters between 119.5–120.5°E along the 35°N transect, which were 2−4 times of that in surface waters under stratified condition. The excess ²²²Rn are likely attributed to bottom-up mechanisms. By combining laboratorial incubation, gamma spectrometry and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements, we found the widespread ferromanganese oxide-coated calcareous concretions on the seafloor can extract ²²⁶Ra from seawater, resulting in a radon diffusional flux ∼3 times greater than surrounding sandy/muddy sediments. Total SGD flux and water residence time in the southwestern Yellow Sea were solved through the radon-radium mass balances and Monte Carlo simulation approaches, which were 1.1 (0.6–2.0) × 10⁹ m³ d⁻¹ or 0.078 (0.042–0.14) m d⁻¹ and ∼35 days. SGD played the dominating role (58.6 %–69.9 %) in controlling radon inventory in water bodies under stratified condition, followed by diffusion from sedimentary sources (20.5 %–31.2 %) and parent ²²⁶Ra production (9.3 %–10.5 %). Our findings highlight the radium enrichment mechanism of Fe/Mn oxide-rich concretion may be overlooked in radon-based tracer studies, potentially compromising the accuracy of SGD quantification.

氡（222Rn, t1/2 = 3.82 d）作为一种天然存在的放射性同位素，在地下水中的富集程度普遍高于地表水，已常规应用于沿海地区海底地下水排放（SGD）过程的追踪。然而，沿海海水中222Rn的高含量可能并不总是完全归因于SGD，特别是当遇到海底特定的沉积源时。本文系统地研究了黄海西南部水柱中氡的分布。在35°N样带119.5 ~ 120.5°E之间的沿海海底，222Rn活度最高（达到~ 280 Bq m−3），是分层条件下地表水活度的2 ~ 4倍。过量的222Rn可能归因于自下而上的机制。通过结合实验室培养、伽马能谱和激光诱导击穿光谱测量，我们发现海底广泛存在的氧化锰铁包覆的钙质结块可以从海水中提取226Ra，导致氡扩散通量比周围的砂质/泥质沉积物大3倍。通过氡-镭质量平衡和蒙特卡罗模拟方法求解黄海西南部SGD总通量和水停留时间，分别为1.1 （0.6-2.0）× 109 m3 d - 1或0.078 (0.042-0.14)m d - 1和~ 35天。在分层条件下，SGD对水体氡库存量的控制作用最大（58.6% ~ 69.9%），其次是沉积源扩散（20.5% ~ 31.2%）和母源226Ra产量（9.3% ~ 10.5%）。我们的研究结果强调了富Fe/Mn氧化物结块的镭富集机制可能在基于氡的示踪剂研究中被忽视，这可能会影响SGD定量的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal variability in the biochemical characteristics of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the coastal waters of the Yellow and East seas 黄海和东海近岸水域浮游植物和浮游动物生化特征的时空变异

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109681

Da Won Goh , Min Ho Seo , Young Seok Jeong , Jun Sik Woo , Sanghoon Park , JaeSoon Kim , Myung Joon Kim , Yoon Ji Lee , Ye Hwi Kim , Ha Young Choi , Hye Min Choi , Sang Heon Lee

The coastal waters are dynamic ecosystems influenced by seasonal temperature fluctuations, riverine inputs, and upwelling, which drive sensitive responses among lower trophic-level organisms. The biochemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton plays a critical role in determining energy flow and food web structure, yet their spatiotemporal variability remains underexplored. This study investigated spatiotemporal variability in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East Sea (ES), focusing on environmental and biological drivers. Field surveys were conducted in spring (May) and summer (August) of 2023 (YS) and 2024 (ES), quantifying phytoplankton macromolecular composition—carbohydrates (CHO), proteins (PRT), and lipids (LIP)—and zooplankton proximate composition (PRT, LIP, and ash), and various environmental parameters. In the YS, phytoplankton LIP content was negatively correlated with nutrient concentrations, suggesting nutrient-driven biochemical shifts. In the ES, phytoplankton exhibited significant seasonal changes, with PRT decreasing and CHO increasing, reflecting metabolic adaptation to temperature stress and nutrient limitation. Zooplankton biochemical composition reflected these regional contrasts: in the YS, variability was largely influenced by community structure, while in the ES, it was more strongly regulated by phytoplankton nutritional quality. Under nutrient-limited conditions, diatom growth slows and cell wall synthesis may increase frustule thickness. These changes could reduce food palatability, which may help explain the observed pattern in the ES, including decreased zooplankton PRT content and increased LIP storage. A positive correlation in PRT content between phytoplankton and zooplankton in the ES indicated a stronger biochemical trophic linkage under stable copepod dominance, whereas weakened coupling in the YS reflected grazer diversity and variable feeding selectivity. These findings highlight how environmental conditions and community composition regulate biochemical properties and trophic connectivity in Korean coastal marine ecosystems.

沿海水域是受季节温度波动、河流输入和上升流影响的动态生态系统，这驱动了低营养水平生物的敏感反应。浮游植物和浮游动物的生物化学组成在能量流和食物网结构中起着至关重要的作用，但它们的时空变异性尚未得到充分的研究。研究了黄海（YS）和东海（ES）浮游植物和浮游动物生化组成的时空变异，重点分析了环境和生物驱动因素。在2023年春季（5月）和2024年夏季（8月）分别进行了野外调查，定量测定了浮游植物的大分子组成——碳水化合物（CHO）、蛋白质（PRT）和脂质（LIP），以及浮游动物的近似组成（PRT、LIP和灰分）和各种环境参数。在YS中，浮游植物的LIP含量与营养物浓度呈负相关，提示营养物驱动的生化转变。在ES中，浮游植物表现出明显的季节变化，PRT减少，CHO增加，反映了对温度胁迫和营养限制的代谢适应。浮游动物生物化学组成反映了这些区域差异：在近海，变异主要受群落结构的影响，而在近海，受浮游植物营养品质的调节更为强烈。在营养受限的条件下，硅藻生长减慢，细胞壁合成可能增加囊壁厚度。这些变化可能会降低食物的适口性，这可能有助于解释在ES中观察到的模式，包括浮游动物PRT含量降低和LIP储存增加。浮游植物与浮游动物PRT含量呈正相关，表明桡足动物优势稳定下浮游植物与浮游动物之间存在较强的生化营养连锁，而桡足动物优势稳定下浮游植物与浮游动物之间的耦合较弱，反映了食草动物多样性和摄食选择性的变化。这些发现强调了环境条件和群落组成如何调节韩国沿海海洋生态系统的生化特性和营养连通性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the Congo River plume and tropical upwelling on Sardinella spawning in the southeastern Atlantic 刚果河羽流和热带上升流对大西洋东南部沙丁鱼产卵的影响

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109651

Maik Tiedemann , Marek Ostrowski , Miguel Andre António , Domingas N'saku , Roy Dorgeless Ngakala , Jens-Otto Krakstad , Øystein Skagseth , Stamatina Isari

The Congo River releases nutrient-rich freshwater into the southeastern Atlantic, forming a plume that fuels regional productivity sustaining small pelagic fish such as Sardinella (Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis). However, the impact of the plume on Sardinella reproduction is still uncertain. A survey conducted in austral summer 2014, coinciding with the Congo River secondary seasonal discharge peak and tropical upwelling, provided evidence on how riverine runoff and upwelling jointly influence Sardinella spawning. Congo River discharge was prominent along the coast, with low-salinity, high-chlorophyll surface waters spreading north- and northwestward. Spawning was observed north of the Congo River mouth, with the peak confined to the plume region, as also corroborated by generalized additive models. Wind and ocean current patterns suggested a northwest drift of ichthyoplankton trapped within the plume, with offshore loss near southern Gabon. A Lagrangian drift simulation aligned with these observation pathways. Plume dynamics were absent along the Angolan coast, where the tropical upwelling seemed the sole driver of coastal productivity. No Sardinella eggs were observed there, but larvae were distributed, aligned with the upwelling front signatures. Our findings underscore the Congo River plume as a key spawning habitat for Sardinella during austral summer. Higher spawning activity within the plume likely suggests that its physical and biogeochemical conditions are more favourable than adjacent upwelling zones. The study highlights the need to consider riverine influences alongside upwelling dynamics in understanding and managing small pelagic fish populations in tropical marine ecosystems.

刚果河将富含营养的淡水释放到大西洋东南部，形成一股羽流，为区域生产力提供燃料，维持沙丁鱼（aurita和maderensis）等小型远洋鱼类的生存。然而，羽流对沙丁鱼繁殖的影响仍不确定。2014年南部夏季进行的一项调查，恰逢刚果河二次季节性流量高峰和热带上升流，为河流径流和上升流如何共同影响沙丁鱼产卵提供了证据。刚果河沿海岸流量突出，低盐度、高叶绿素地表水向北、西北方向扩散。在刚果河口以北观察到产卵，峰值局限于羽流区域，这也得到了广义加性模型的证实。风和洋流模式表明，被困在羽流中的浮游鱼向西北漂移，在加蓬南部附近海域损失。拉格朗日漂移模拟与这些观测路径一致。安哥拉海岸没有烟柱动力学，热带上升流似乎是海岸生产力的唯一驱动力。未发现沙丁鱼卵，但幼虫分布与上升流锋面特征一致。我们的发现强调了刚果河羽流是南方夏季撒丁鱼的主要产卵栖息地。羽流内较高的产卵活动可能表明其物理和生物地球化学条件比邻近的上升流区更有利。该研究强调，在了解和管理热带海洋生态系统中的小型远洋鱼类种群时，需要考虑河流影响和上升流动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Ciliate grazing control of a spring bloom in a temperate fjord 温带峡湾春季开花的纤毛虫放牧控制

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109631

Laia Armengol , Lumi Haraguchi , Marta Moyano , Santiago Hernández-León , Hans H. Jakobsen

Plankton communities underpin marine ecosystem functioning, yet the mechanisms driving the onset and termination of spring phytoplankton blooms are not fully understood. In particular, the role of microzooplankton grazing and the impact of mixotrophic versus heterotrophic ciliates on phytoplankton dynamics. This study aimed to quantify ciliate grazing and phytoplankton growth rates throughout a spring bloom in Roskilde Fjord, Denmark; and determine whether nutrient depletion or microzooplankton grazing was the primary driver of bloom culmination. Surface water was collected during March 2017, and multiple dilution experiments were conducted to estimate phytoplankton growth and grazing mortality rates. Phytoplankton community structure was assessed by flow cytometry, while ciliate morphotypes and nutritional modes were identified using FlowCam imaging. Despite initially high nutrient concentrations, a marked decrease in DIN and DIP occurred over the study period. Phytoplankton biomass, dominated by cryptophytes, reached its peak by mid-March before declining. Concurrently, ciliate assemblages shifted from mixotrophic to heterotrophic dominance. Grazing rates frequently exceeded phytoplankton growth rates after the first experimental day, indicating strong top-down control. The lack of significant differences in growth between nutrient-amended and unamended treatments suggested grazing, rather than nutrient depletion, predominantly constrained phytoplankton accumulation. These findings highlight how ciliate grazing can exert a critical influence on spring bloom dynamics, even under moderate nutrient conditions. Understanding these trophic interactions is essential for predicting the resilience and stability of coastal marine ecosystems in the face of changing environmental conditions.

浮游生物群落是海洋生态系统功能的基础，但驱动春季浮游植物繁殖开始和结束的机制尚不完全清楚。特别是，微浮游动物放牧的作用和混合营养与异养纤毛虫对浮游植物动态的影响。这项研究旨在量化在丹麦罗斯基勒峡湾春季开花期间的纤毛虫放牧和浮游植物生长速度；并确定营养物消耗或微型浮游动物放牧是否是华高潮的主要驱动因素。在2017年3月收集地表水，并进行多次稀释实验，以估计浮游植物的生长和放牧死亡率。利用流式细胞术评估浮游植物群落结构，利用FlowCam成像技术鉴定纤毛虫形态和营养模式。尽管最初营养物质浓度很高，但在研究期间，DIN和DIP显著下降。以隐生植物为主的浮游植物生物量在3月中旬达到峰值后开始下降。同时，纤毛虫组合从混合营养优势转向异养优势。在实验第一天之后，放牧速度经常超过浮游植物的生长速度，表明自上而下的控制很强。在营养改良处理和未改良处理之间，生长没有显著差异，这表明放牧，而不是营养耗竭，主要限制了浮游植物的积累。这些发现强调了即使在中等营养条件下，放牧纤毛虫如何对春季开花动态产生关键影响。了解这些营养相互作用对于预测沿海海洋生态系统在面对不断变化的环境条件时的恢复力和稳定性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Severe wave events and long-term variations in wind wave climate in the Gulf of Gdańsk during 1958–2001 1958-2001年Gdańsk湾强浪事件和风浪气候的长期变化

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109658

Witold Cieślikiewicz , Aleksandra Cupiał

Severe wind wave events are characteristic of the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). Hence, this study analyses a 44-year (1958–2001) WAM-modelled wind wave dataset for the Gulf of Gdańsk based on the NCEP reanalysis within the EU-funded HIPOCAS project. Temporal variability of wind wave parameters was assessed at five distinct locations in the Gulf to assess the spatial differences. Weak linear trends were detected in the mean, maximum, and 99th percentile of significant wave height in some of the selected areas. An increase in mean wave heights during the 1980s and 1990s, followed by a decline at the end of the century was observed, particularly in the open part of the Gulf. Variations in the mean wave period largely mirrored changes in mean significant wave height but were negligible overall. A total of 34 extreme wave events were identified across the selected points in the Gulf, concentrated in the cold season (October–March). These events were unevenly distributed throughout the analysed period, with a noticeable rise in storm frequency in the late 20th century. To characterise these storm events, the pathways of associated low-pressure systems were examined. A clear relationship emerged between the spatial distribution of large waves and the low's trajectories. Two main pathways of low-pressure systems were identified: (i) systems moving eastward from the North or Norwegian Sea, across the Baltic along a W–E axis, and (ii) a less common NW-SE track from the Norwegian Sea through Scandinavia into the Baltic. To further investigate the link between storm tracks and wave evolution during individual extreme events, two idealised low-pressure trajectories (W-E and NW-SE) were modelled with concentric isobars. Their movement demonstrated how storm track orientation shapes spatial wave distribution across the Gulf, underscoring the link between cyclone pathways and wave extremes.

严重风浪事件是Gdańsk湾（波罗的海南部）的特征。因此，本研究基于欧盟资助的HIPOCAS项目内的NCEP再分析，分析了一个44年（1958-2001）wam模拟的Gdańsk湾风浪数据集。在墨西哥湾的五个不同地点评估了风波参数的时间变异性，以评估空间差异。在一些选定的地区，在显著波高的平均值、最大值和第99百分位数中检测到微弱的线性趋势。在1980年代和1990年代期间，观测到平均浪高增加，随后在本世纪末下降，特别是在海湾的开阔部分。平均波周期的变化在很大程度上反映了平均显著波高的变化，但总体上可以忽略不计。在墨西哥湾选定的地点共确定了34次极端海浪事件，集中在寒冷季节（10月至3月）。这些事件在整个分析期间分布不均匀，在20世纪后期风暴频率明显上升。为了描述这些风暴事件，研究了相关低压系统的路径。在大波的空间分布和低气压轨迹之间出现了明显的关系。确定了低压系统的两条主要路径：(i)系统从北部或挪威海向东移动，沿着W-E轴穿过波罗的海；（ii）从挪威海穿过斯堪的纳维亚半岛进入波罗的海的一条不太常见的NW-SE路径。为了进一步研究个别极端事件中风暴路径和波浪演变之间的联系，用同心等压线模拟了两个理想的低压轨迹（西东和北西东）。它们的运动证明了风暴路径方向如何塑造海湾地区的空间波分布，强调了气旋路径和极端波浪之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Widespread breaching of intermittent estuaries by atmospheric rivers: A satellite-based assessment in central-southern Chile 大气河流对间歇性河口的广泛破坏：智利中南部的卫星评估

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109663

Raúl P. Flores , Óscar Milla , Martina Monasterio , Carlos Lara , Isabel Caballero

Small estuaries and coastal lagoons, which are common in Mediterranean climates such as California, Australia and central Chile, are ecologically important systems that can alternate between open (ocean-connected) and closed states depending on the balance between river discharge and wave-driven sediment transport. Under drought conditions, these systems can remain closed for extended periods, which alters hydrodynamic, sedimentary, and ecological processes. This study examines the response of small intermittent estuarine systems to two atmospheric river (AR) events that impacted central Chile in 2023, delivering extreme precipitation, sharp increases in river discharge, and widespread flooding. Using high-resolution satellite imagery and open-source image processing algorithms, we tracked the state of 176 river mouths between 32°S and 38°S, documenting breaching and subsequent closure in the following months. Our results show that the vast majority of river mouths and coastal lagoons re-established connectivity with the ocean after the ARs, including several that had remained closed for multiple years. Subsequent inlet closures followed a clear north-to-south latitudinal progression, consistent with the transition to wetter climates. Analysis of river discharge and inlet width revealed a strong correlation for Andean-fed rivers with sustained baseflows, while this link was weaker for small coastal rivers that were closed prior to the ARs. The combined analysis of river discharge, wave forcing and inlet state data suggests a nonlinear response in which the timing and sequencing of fluvial and wave forcings govern inlet state transitions. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ARs, which are projected to increase in frequency, can rapidly reset coastal morphology and temporarily restore ocean connectivity in drought-impacted Mediterranean-type coasts.

在加利福尼亚、澳大利亚和智利中部等地中海气候中常见的小河口和沿海泻湖是生态上重要的系统，可以在开放（与海洋相连）和封闭状态之间交替，这取决于河流流量和波浪驱动的沉积物运输之间的平衡。在干旱条件下，这些系统可以长时间保持关闭，这改变了水动力、沉积和生态过程。本研究考察了小型间歇性河口系统对2023年影响智利中部的两个大气河流（AR）事件的响应，这些事件带来了极端降水、河流流量急剧增加和大范围洪水。利用高分辨率卫星图像和开源图像处理算法，我们追踪了176个位于32°S至38°S之间的河口的状态，记录了在接下来的几个月里河口的破裂和随后的关闭。我们的研究结果表明，绝大多数河口和沿海泻湖在ARs之后重新建立了与海洋的连通性，包括几个多年来一直关闭的河口和泻湖。随后的入口关闭遵循一个明显的从北向南的纬度进程，与向湿润气候的过渡相一致。对河流流量和入口宽度的分析显示，安第斯山脉的河流与持续的基流有很强的相关性，而这种联系对于在ARs之前关闭的沿海小河流来说较弱。对河流流量、波浪强迫和进水口状态数据的综合分析表明，河流和波浪强迫的时间和顺序决定了进水口状态的转变，这是一种非线性响应。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，预计频率会增加的ar可以迅速重置沿海形态，并暂时恢复受干旱影响的地中海型海岸的海洋连通性。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal reversible eddy as a driver of thermal fronts in the Northern Gulf of California 加利福尼亚湾北部热锋的季节性可逆涡旋驱动

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109653

Amelia Sánchez-Pérez , Laura Sánchez-Velasco , Emmanuel Romero

In semi-enclosed seas, circulation plays a key role in the formation of thermal fronts by regulating the distribution of waters with distinct properties. Using 20 years of satellite and ocean reanalysis temperature data, this study examines the seasonal distribution of thermal fronts in the Upper and Northern Gulf of California and their relationship with regional circulation. Thermal fronts were detected from the surface to 300 m depth using temperature gradients, and their intensity and Front Probability Index were used to generate seasonal and monthly climatologies. Results reveal a strong seasonal variability dominated by the seasonal reversible eddy, cyclonic in summer and anticyclonic in winter, that drives the formation and intensity of thermal fronts. On the surface of the Northern Gulf, maximum probability occurred in June in the northeast, associated with a strong northerly coastal current, and in August in the southwest, due to cyclonic eddy circulation. These fronts extended to 100 m depth with maximum intensity at 50 m, corresponding with the eddy core depth. In the Upper Gulf, the highest probabilities were detected at the surface in spring and fall, influenced by circulation changes characteristic of these transitional periods. These findings demonstrate that circulation is a driver in the formation of thermal fronts. Their persistence, despite variations in intensity and position, contributes to the productivity of this semi-enclosed sea, as is also the case in other semi-enclosed seas.

在半封闭海域，环流通过调节具有不同性质的水的分布，在热锋的形成中起着关键作用。利用20年的卫星和海洋再分析温度数据，研究了加利福尼亚湾北部和北部热锋的季节分布及其与区域环流的关系。利用温度梯度对地表至300 m深度的热锋进行探测，利用热锋强度和锋面概率指数生成季节和月气候学。结果表明，夏季为气旋型，冬季为反气旋型，以季节性可逆涡为主的强季节变率驱动热锋的形成和强度。在北墨西哥湾表面，最大概率发生在6月的东北部，与一个强大的偏北沿海流有关，而在8月的西南部，由于气旋涡旋环流。这些锋面延伸至100 m深度，最大强度在50 m，与涡核深度相对应。在上海湾地区，受这些过渡时期特征的环流变化的影响，在春季和秋季地表观测到的可能性最高。这些发现表明环流是热锋形成的驱动因素。它们的持续存在，尽管强度和位置各不相同，有助于这个半封闭海的生产力，其他半封闭海也是如此。

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引用次数: 0