Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109680
J. Emilio Sánchez-Moyano , Emilio M. García-Adiego , Francisco J. Estacio , Isabel García-Asencio
The use of biological traits analysis and functional diversity has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing anthropogenic impacts or disturbances on coastal communities. In this study, we applied this approach to evaluate the long-term variation in soft-bottom macrobenthic assemblages from 1998 to 2016 in the highly urbanized and industrialized Odiel-Tinto estuary. The assemblages were structured along the natural gradient from the estuary to the marine environment, although anthropogenic pressures, such as dredging and heavy metal contamination, played a decisive role in shaping functional composition. Functional indices, such as functional richness and Rao's Q, proved to be more sensitive indicators of environmental changes than traditional taxonomic indices. In the inner zones, species richness and functional diversity were significantly lower, with communities dominated by small-sized opportunistic species typical of unstable environments. In contrast, the outer marine zones supported a more diverse range of feeding modes and functional traits. Traits related to body size, larval or egg development, feeding modes, and AMBI categories exhibited clear responses to environmental stressors, providing valuable insights into the resilience and recovery potential of macrobenthic communities. This study enhances our understanding of estuarine ecosystem responses to anthropogenic pressures and offers essential data for global estuarine conservation efforts, contributing to the formulation of management strategies applicable to similar environments worldwide.
{"title":"Assessing trait-based approach to long-term monitoring of soft-bottom macrobenthic assemblages in a polluted estuary","authors":"J. Emilio Sánchez-Moyano , Emilio M. García-Adiego , Francisco J. Estacio , Isabel García-Asencio","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of biological traits analysis and functional diversity has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing anthropogenic impacts or disturbances on coastal communities. In this study, we applied this approach to evaluate the long-term variation in soft-bottom macrobenthic assemblages from 1998 to 2016 in the highly urbanized and industrialized Odiel-Tinto estuary. The assemblages were structured along the natural gradient from the estuary to the marine environment, although anthropogenic pressures, such as dredging and heavy metal contamination, played a decisive role in shaping functional composition. Functional indices, such as functional richness and Rao's Q, proved to be more sensitive indicators of environmental changes than traditional taxonomic indices. In the inner zones, species richness and functional diversity were significantly lower, with communities dominated by small-sized opportunistic species typical of unstable environments. In contrast, the outer marine zones supported a more diverse range of feeding modes and functional traits. Traits related to body size, larval or egg development, feeding modes, and AMBI categories exhibited clear responses to environmental stressors, providing valuable insights into the resilience and recovery potential of macrobenthic communities. This study enhances our understanding of estuarine ecosystem responses to anthropogenic pressures and offers essential data for global estuarine conservation efforts, contributing to the formulation of management strategies applicable to similar environments worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109671
Marta Román , Bede F.R. Davies , Philippe Rosa , Simon Oiry , Pierre Gernez , José A. Santiago , Celia Olabarria , Laurent Barillé
Remote monitoring of the spatial cover of sessile intertidal species can provide important information for the conservation and management of commercial species. However, the use of high-resolution RGB imagery combined with topographic data acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to map rocky intertidal sessile invertebrates, particularly wild spat of Mytilus galloprovincialis, remains largely unexplored. Galicia (northwestern Spain) is the leading producer of farmed mussels in Europe, and most of mussel rafts are seeded with wild spat collected from intertidal rocks. Using a UAV equipped with an RGB camera and LiDAR sensor, we surveyed a rocky intertidal area in Galicia where mussel spat are harvested. Adult mussels and spat, the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes, other barnacles, and red, brown and green macroalgae were classified using a model stack composed of random forest, gradient tree boosting, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbours. Predictors included the RGB, digital surface model (DSM) and topographic indicators (e.g. orientation, slope, topographic position index, topographic ruggedness index) from a raster composite with a pixel size of 10 mm. Model comparison revealed that gradient tree boosting performed best, with an overall accuracy of 0.84, a kappa value of 0.82 and user accuracies of 0.92 for adult mussels, 0.81 for mussel spat and 0.96, 0.92 and 0.87 for red, brown and green macroalgae, respectively. The prediction map revealed the spatial distribution of mussel spat expressed as percentage cover in 15 cm × 15 cm cells. Twenty percent of the cells in which mussel spat were present exhibited ≥50 % cover, which is lower than the values reported from in situ surveys in the region. Elevation (derived from the DSM) and the RGB channels were the most important features for model-based discrimination of the classes. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of elevation data for remote detection of intertidal populations, highlighting the potential value of UAV surveys for managing small-scale fisheries.
潮间带固结物种空间覆盖的遥感监测可为商业物种的保护和管理提供重要信息。然而，使用高分辨率RGB图像结合无人机（uav）获取的地形数据来绘制潮间带岩石无底无脊椎动物，特别是Mytilus galloprovincialis的野生贝，在很大程度上仍未被探索。加利西亚（西班牙西北部）是欧洲养殖贻贝的主要产地，大多数贻贝筏都用从潮间带岩石中收集的野生贝籽播种。使用配备RGB相机和激光雷达传感器的无人机，我们调查了加利西亚一个收获贻贝贝的岩石潮间带。采用随机森林、梯度树增强、支持向量机和k近邻组成的模型栈对成年贻贝和贝类、鹅藤壶、其他藤壶以及红、棕、绿大型藻类进行分类。预测因子包括RGB、数字表面模型（DSM）和地形指标（例如方向、坡度、地形位置指数、地形坚固度指数），这些指标来自像素尺寸为10毫米的栅格复合材料。模型比较表明，梯度树增强效果最好，成年贻贝的总体精度为0.84，kappa值为0.82，用户精度分别为0.92、0.81、0.96、0.92和0.87。预测图显示了贻贝贝在15 cm × 15 cm细胞中以百分数表示的空间分布。有贝口存在的细胞中，有20%的细胞覆盖度≥50%，这低于该地区实地调查报告的值。高程（来自DSM）和RGB通道是基于模型的分类最重要的特征。我们的研究结果证明了海拔高度数据对潮间带种群的远程检测的有用性，突出了无人机调查在管理小规模渔业方面的潜在价值。
{"title":"From pixels to peaks: integrating LiDAR and RGB drone imagery to map mussel spat on intertidal rocky shores","authors":"Marta Román , Bede F.R. Davies , Philippe Rosa , Simon Oiry , Pierre Gernez , José A. Santiago , Celia Olabarria , Laurent Barillé","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote monitoring of the spatial cover of sessile intertidal species can provide important information for the conservation and management of commercial species. However, the use of high-resolution RGB imagery combined with topographic data acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to map rocky intertidal sessile invertebrates, particularly wild spat of <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>, remains largely unexplored. Galicia (northwestern Spain) is the leading producer of farmed mussels in Europe, and most of mussel rafts are seeded with wild spat collected from intertidal rocks. Using a UAV equipped with an RGB camera and LiDAR sensor, we surveyed a rocky intertidal area in Galicia where mussel spat are harvested. Adult mussels and spat, the goose barnacle <em>Pollicipes pollicipes</em>, other barnacles, and red, brown and green macroalgae were classified using a model stack composed of random forest, gradient tree boosting, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbours. Predictors included the RGB, digital surface model (DSM) and topographic indicators (e.g. orientation, slope, topographic position index, topographic ruggedness index) from a raster composite with a pixel size of 10 mm. Model comparison revealed that gradient tree boosting performed best, with an overall accuracy of 0.84, a kappa value of 0.82 and user accuracies of 0.92 for adult mussels, 0.81 for mussel spat and 0.96, 0.92 and 0.87 for red, brown and green macroalgae, respectively. The prediction map revealed the spatial distribution of mussel spat expressed as percentage cover in 15 cm × 15 cm cells. Twenty percent of the cells in which mussel spat were present exhibited ≥50 % cover, which is lower than the values reported from <em>in situ</em> surveys in the region. Elevation (derived from the DSM) and the RGB channels were the most important features for model-based discrimination of the classes. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of elevation data for remote detection of intertidal populations, highlighting the potential value of UAV surveys for managing small-scale fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109675
Tatiana Efimova , Tanya Churilova , Anatoly Buchelnikov , Nataliia Moiseeva , Elena Skorokhod , Pavel Salyuk
This study is aimed to analyze variability in primary production (PP) measured with full spectral method and to assess effect of the environment factors on both phytoplankton absorption and quantum yield as production variability drivers in the shelf waters of the Kamchatka Peninsula in August–September 2023. The PP varied highly due to change of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and Chl-a specific photosynthesis rate (). The was associated mainly with light-induced variation in quantum yield (). Intensity and spectral features of light influence significantly wavelength-weighted Chl-a specific absorption coefficient by phytoplankton pigments, whereas they have little effect on this coefficient for photosynthetic pigments and, therefore, little effect on . High surface insolation led to an appearance of subsurface maximum caused by the photoinhibition. The surface PP and Chl-a decreased within an order of magnitude from shallow coastal waters to off-shore. The highest Chl-a and PP was measured in the Avacha bay due to nutrient supply with river run off. The surface PP vs. Chl-a relationship was revealed. It can be applied for the operational PP assessment in the shelf waters near the Kamchatka Peninsula in summer based on in situ or remote sensing Chl-a data.
{"title":"Phytoplankton primary production in the shelf waters near the Kamchatka Peninsula","authors":"Tatiana Efimova , Tanya Churilova , Anatoly Buchelnikov , Nataliia Moiseeva , Elena Skorokhod , Pavel Salyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is aimed to analyze variability in primary production (PP) measured with full spectral method and to assess effect of the environment factors on both phytoplankton absorption and quantum yield as production variability drivers in the shelf waters of the Kamchatka Peninsula in August–September 2023. The PP varied highly due to change of chlorophyll-<em>a</em> concentration (Chl-<em>a</em>) and Chl-<em>a</em> specific photosynthesis rate (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>). The <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> was associated mainly with light-induced variation in quantum yield (<span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>). Intensity and spectral features of light influence significantly wavelength-weighted Chl-<em>a</em> specific absorption coefficient by phytoplankton pigments, whereas they have little effect on this coefficient for photosynthetic pigments and, therefore, little effect on <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>. High surface insolation led to an appearance of subsurface <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> maximum caused by the <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> photoinhibition. The surface PP and Chl-<em>a</em> decreased within an order of magnitude from shallow coastal waters to off-shore. The highest Chl-<em>a</em> and PP was measured in the Avacha bay due to nutrient supply with river run off. The surface PP <em>vs.</em> Chl-<em>a</em> relationship was revealed. It can be applied for the operational PP assessment in the shelf waters near the Kamchatka Peninsula in summer based on in situ or remote sensing Chl-<em>a</em> data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109681
Da Won Goh , Min Ho Seo , Young Seok Jeong , Jun Sik Woo , Sanghoon Park , JaeSoon Kim , Myung Joon Kim , Yoon Ji Lee , Ye Hwi Kim , Ha Young Choi , Hye Min Choi , Sang Heon Lee
The coastal waters are dynamic ecosystems influenced by seasonal temperature fluctuations, riverine inputs, and upwelling, which drive sensitive responses among lower trophic-level organisms. The biochemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton plays a critical role in determining energy flow and food web structure, yet their spatiotemporal variability remains underexplored. This study investigated spatiotemporal variability in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East Sea (ES), focusing on environmental and biological drivers. Field surveys were conducted in spring (May) and summer (August) of 2023 (YS) and 2024 (ES), quantifying phytoplankton macromolecular composition—carbohydrates (CHO), proteins (PRT), and lipids (LIP)—and zooplankton proximate composition (PRT, LIP, and ash), and various environmental parameters. In the YS, phytoplankton LIP content was negatively correlated with nutrient concentrations, suggesting nutrient-driven biochemical shifts. In the ES, phytoplankton exhibited significant seasonal changes, with PRT decreasing and CHO increasing, reflecting metabolic adaptation to temperature stress and nutrient limitation. Zooplankton biochemical composition reflected these regional contrasts: in the YS, variability was largely influenced by community structure, while in the ES, it was more strongly regulated by phytoplankton nutritional quality. Under nutrient-limited conditions, diatom growth slows and cell wall synthesis may increase frustule thickness. These changes could reduce food palatability, which may help explain the observed pattern in the ES, including decreased zooplankton PRT content and increased LIP storage. A positive correlation in PRT content between phytoplankton and zooplankton in the ES indicated a stronger biochemical trophic linkage under stable copepod dominance, whereas weakened coupling in the YS reflected grazer diversity and variable feeding selectivity. These findings highlight how environmental conditions and community composition regulate biochemical properties and trophic connectivity in Korean coastal marine ecosystems.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variability in the biochemical characteristics of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the coastal waters of the Yellow and East seas","authors":"Da Won Goh , Min Ho Seo , Young Seok Jeong , Jun Sik Woo , Sanghoon Park , JaeSoon Kim , Myung Joon Kim , Yoon Ji Lee , Ye Hwi Kim , Ha Young Choi , Hye Min Choi , Sang Heon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coastal waters are dynamic ecosystems influenced by seasonal temperature fluctuations, riverine inputs, and upwelling, which drive sensitive responses among lower trophic-level organisms. The biochemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton plays a critical role in determining energy flow and food web structure, yet their spatiotemporal variability remains underexplored. This study investigated spatiotemporal variability in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East Sea (ES), focusing on environmental and biological drivers. Field surveys were conducted in spring (May) and summer (August) of 2023 (YS) and 2024 (ES), quantifying phytoplankton macromolecular composition—carbohydrates (CHO), proteins (PRT), and lipids (LIP)—and zooplankton proximate composition (PRT, LIP, and ash), and various environmental parameters. In the YS, phytoplankton LIP content was negatively correlated with nutrient concentrations, suggesting nutrient-driven biochemical shifts. In the ES, phytoplankton exhibited significant seasonal changes, with PRT decreasing and CHO increasing, reflecting metabolic adaptation to temperature stress and nutrient limitation. Zooplankton biochemical composition reflected these regional contrasts: in the YS, variability was largely influenced by community structure, while in the ES, it was more strongly regulated by phytoplankton nutritional quality. Under nutrient-limited conditions, diatom growth slows and cell wall synthesis may increase frustule thickness. These changes could reduce food palatability, which may help explain the observed pattern in the ES, including decreased zooplankton PRT content and increased LIP storage. A positive correlation in PRT content between phytoplankton and zooplankton in the ES indicated a stronger biochemical trophic linkage under stable copepod dominance, whereas weakened coupling in the YS reflected grazer diversity and variable feeding selectivity. These findings highlight how environmental conditions and community composition regulate biochemical properties and trophic connectivity in Korean coastal marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109678
F. Piccardi , S. Girardello , S.M. Bussard , V. Tirelli , D. Borme , A. Barausse , C. Mazzoldi
The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi poses ecological threats in invaded coastal ecosystems such as the Venice Lagoon due to its high fecundity and adaptability to various climates. Although its dynamics have been studied in other regions, information from Mediterranean lagoons, which are characterized by strong spatial and seasonal variability in environmental conditions, remains limited. This study provides the first integrated field and laboratory investigation of the species’ ecological niche in the Venice Lagoon, combining two years of spatial distribution monitoring with controlled experiments to define key environmental thresholds for its survival. Our results shows that the species displays a seasonal pattern, blooming in late spring and late summer-early autumn, likely related to warmer temperatures and optimal salinity; indeed, its abundance positively correlated with water temperature and salinity. The controlled laboratory results integrated field observations by showing that M. leidyi can survive across a wide range of temperatures (10–32 °C) and salinities (10–34), but the extreme conditions of this range, such as very high temperatures (32 °C) or low salinity (10), markedly reduced its survival. By integrating in situ observations with experimentally estimated thresholds, this study provides novel insights into the ecological niche of M. leidyi in a Mediterranean lagoon. The results suggest that ongoing climate change may shift the lagoon towards more favorable conditions for this species, potentially intensifying bloom events and their cascading ecological impacts. These findings highlight the need for targeted monitoring and adaptive management to mitigate the ecological and socio-economic consequences of M. leidyi expansion.
{"title":"An invader chronicles: local ecological niche of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Venice Lagoon","authors":"F. Piccardi , S. Girardello , S.M. Bussard , V. Tirelli , D. Borme , A. Barausse , C. Mazzoldi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasive ctenophore <em>Mnemiopsis leidyi</em> poses ecological threats in invaded coastal ecosystems such as the Venice Lagoon due to its high fecundity and adaptability to various climates. Although its dynamics have been studied in other regions, information from Mediterranean lagoons, which are characterized by strong spatial and seasonal variability in environmental conditions, remains limited. This study provides the first integrated field and laboratory investigation of the species’ ecological niche in the Venice Lagoon, combining two years of spatial distribution monitoring with controlled experiments to define key environmental thresholds for its survival. Our results shows that the species displays a seasonal pattern, blooming in late spring and late summer-early autumn, likely related to warmer temperatures and optimal salinity; indeed, its abundance positively correlated with water temperature and salinity. The controlled laboratory results integrated field observations by showing that <em>M. leidyi</em> can survive across a wide range of temperatures (10–32 °C) and salinities (10–34), but the extreme conditions of this range, such as very high temperatures (32 °C) or low salinity (10), markedly reduced its survival. By integrating <em>in situ</em> observations with experimentally estimated thresholds, this study provides novel insights into the ecological niche of <em>M. leidyi</em> in a Mediterranean lagoon. The results suggest that ongoing climate change may shift the lagoon towards more favorable conditions for this species, potentially intensifying bloom events and their cascading ecological impacts. These findings highlight the need for targeted monitoring and adaptive management to mitigate the ecological and socio-economic consequences of <em>M. leidyi</em> expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109669
Valentina Šebalj , Petar Zuanović , Tomislav Šarić , Ivan Župan
Scallops are commercially important bivalves that are under constant fishing pressure, which along with changing environmental conditions, can negatively impact their populations. Scallop aquaculture can help mitigate these adverse effects. From December 2021 to May 2023, 300 specimens of Pecten jacobaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from the Krka River estuary to assess their physiological indices in relation to changing environmental conditions. We calculated moisture content (MC), condition (CI), gonadosomatic (GSI) and muscle (MI) indices, and meat yield (MY), seasonally. The soft tissue MC averaged around 82 % and varied seasonally, with differences noted between various soft tissue parts. The GSI results indicate that P. jacobaeus experiences three potential spawning peaks annually: a major one in late winter/early spring, and weaker ones in early fall, and a posibble in early winter. The sea temperature emerged as the most significant environmental factor influencing the reproductive cycle of P. jacobaeus, showing a negative correlation with GSI. In contrast, river inflow positively correlated with GSI, suggesting that food availability plays a crucial role in supporting gonadal development. Additionally, an extreme decline in salinity can have detrimental effects on reproduction. A significant negative correlation between GSI and MI, implies that energy allocation is divided between muscle and gonads, indicating that muscle reserves are utilized for gonad development. According to the results of the GSI analyses, we can suggest that spring is the optimal season for collecting wild spat or broodstock for aquaculture development, while summer is the best time for harvesting natural populations when the muscle reaches its maximum size.
{"title":"Seasonal variations of the physiological indices of the Mediterranean scallop Pecten jacobaeus L. from the Krka River estuary (Adriatic Sea)","authors":"Valentina Šebalj , Petar Zuanović , Tomislav Šarić , Ivan Župan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scallops are commercially important bivalves that are under constant fishing pressure, which along with changing environmental conditions, can negatively impact their populations. Scallop aquaculture can help mitigate these adverse effects. From December 2021 to May 2023, 300 specimens of <em>Pecten jacobaeus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from the Krka River estuary to assess their physiological indices in relation to changing environmental conditions. We calculated moisture content (MC), condition (CI), gonadosomatic (GSI) and muscle (MI) indices, and meat yield (MY), seasonally. The soft tissue MC averaged around 82 % and varied seasonally, with differences noted between various soft tissue parts. The GSI results indicate that <em>P. jacobaeus</em> experiences three potential spawning peaks annually: a major one in late winter/early spring, and weaker ones in early fall, and a posibble in early winter. The sea temperature emerged as the most significant environmental factor influencing the reproductive cycle of <em>P. jacobaeus</em>, showing a negative correlation with GSI. In contrast, river inflow positively correlated with GSI, suggesting that food availability plays a crucial role in supporting gonadal development. Additionally, an extreme decline in salinity can have detrimental effects on reproduction. A significant negative correlation between GSI and MI, implies that energy allocation is divided between muscle and gonads, indicating that muscle reserves are utilized for gonad development. According to the results of the GSI analyses, we can suggest that spring is the optimal season for collecting wild spat or broodstock for aquaculture development, while summer is the best time for harvesting natural populations when the muscle reaches its maximum size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109667
Ruohan Sun , Xinyi Kang , Zhen Wang , Haibo Zhang , Hang Yin
Wind forcing plays a crucial role in regulating nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in semi-enclosed seas. This study investigated the effects of typical wind forcing with two directions, southwesterly and northeasterly, and a range of wind intensities on the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and phytoplankton biomass in the Bohai Sea using a coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model (FVCOM-ICM). Our results showed that under northeasterly winds, DIN and DIP concentrations generally decreased, particularly in the Laizhou and Bohai Bays, due to wind-driven circulation that enhanced nutrient export, promoted intrusion of low-nutrient offshore waters, or strengthened downwelling. In contrast, southwesterly winds transported nutrient-rich waters from nearshore and riverine sources toward the northeastern Bohai Bay, northeastern Liaodong Bay, and southern Laizhou Bay, increasing nutrient availability and phytoplankton biomass, further supported by vertical upwelling. Despite contrasting nutrient responses, phytoplankton biomass increased under both wind directions in the central and southern Liaodong Bay, mainly because weaker current intensification, deeper and clearer waters, and moderate mixing improved near-surface light conditions and alleviated light limitation. Overall, the three sub-bays exhibited distinct ecological responses, highlighting that wind forcing did not exert uniform effects across the Bohai Sea but depended on local circulation features and the interplay between nutrient supply and light availability.
{"title":"Wind-driven variability in phytoplankton dynamics in a semi-enclosed sea","authors":"Ruohan Sun , Xinyi Kang , Zhen Wang , Haibo Zhang , Hang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind forcing plays a crucial role in regulating nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in semi-enclosed seas. This study investigated the effects of typical wind forcing with two directions, southwesterly and northeasterly, and a range of wind intensities on the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and phytoplankton biomass in the Bohai Sea using a coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model (FVCOM-ICM). Our results showed that under northeasterly winds, DIN and DIP concentrations generally decreased, particularly in the Laizhou and Bohai Bays, due to wind-driven circulation that enhanced nutrient export, promoted intrusion of low-nutrient offshore waters, or strengthened downwelling. In contrast, southwesterly winds transported nutrient-rich waters from nearshore and riverine sources toward the northeastern Bohai Bay, northeastern Liaodong Bay, and southern Laizhou Bay, increasing nutrient availability and phytoplankton biomass, further supported by vertical upwelling. Despite contrasting nutrient responses, phytoplankton biomass increased under both wind directions in the central and southern Liaodong Bay, mainly because weaker current intensification, deeper and clearer waters, and moderate mixing improved near-surface light conditions and alleviated light limitation. Overall, the three sub-bays exhibited distinct ecological responses, highlighting that wind forcing did not exert uniform effects across the Bohai Sea but depended on local circulation features and the interplay between nutrient supply and light availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109668
Sara Corvaro, Francesco Marini, Stefania Rocchi, Carlo Lorenzoni
This study investigates the interaction between storm surge and wave height in the Adriatic Sea, focusing on their combined joint influence on coastal flooding risk under different climate scenarios and return periods. Using bivariate statistical analysis based on measured data (water levels) and hindcast data (significant wave heights), the research quantifies the joint probabilities of extreme storm events and highlights the contribution of waves (wave set-up) in amplifying extreme sea levels (ESLs) in the coastal area. In particular, the study aims to assess extreme sea levels in the Adriatic Sea by providing ESLs maps for different return periods and two IPPC climate change scenarios (SSP1-1.9 and SSP5-8.5). Maximum ESLs are observed in the northern Adriatic, with Venice identified as a hotspot. Wave contributions are shown to substantially double water levels, particularly in the areas between Ancona and Zadar and near the southern entrance at Otranto, emphasizing the need for a bivariate approach to accurately capture these interactions. The projected sea level rise further exacerbates the risks posed by storm events, particularly for vulnerable coastal areas. The present study underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the combined joint effects of storm surge and waves, and enable more effective coastal flooding risk assessments along the Adriatic coast due to extreme sea levels by providing valuable support for designing mitigation measures to address climate-driven extreme events.
{"title":"Bivariate extreme analysis for coastal flooding in the Adriatic Sea","authors":"Sara Corvaro, Francesco Marini, Stefania Rocchi, Carlo Lorenzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the interaction between storm surge and wave height in the Adriatic Sea, focusing on their combined joint influence on coastal flooding risk under different climate scenarios and return periods. Using bivariate statistical analysis based on measured data (water levels) and hindcast data (significant wave heights), the research quantifies the joint probabilities of extreme storm events and highlights the contribution of waves (wave set-up) in amplifying extreme sea levels (ESLs) in the coastal area. In particular, the study aims to assess extreme sea levels in the Adriatic Sea by providing ESLs maps for different return periods and two IPPC climate change scenarios (SSP1-1.9 and SSP5-8.5). Maximum ESLs are observed in the northern Adriatic, with Venice identified as a hotspot. Wave contributions are shown to substantially double water levels, particularly in the areas between Ancona and Zadar and near the southern entrance at Otranto, emphasizing the need for a bivariate approach to accurately capture these interactions. The projected sea level rise further exacerbates the risks posed by storm events, particularly for vulnerable coastal areas. The present study underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the combined joint effects of storm surge and waves, and enable more effective coastal flooding risk assessments along the Adriatic coast due to extreme sea levels by providing valuable support for designing mitigation measures to address climate-driven extreme events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109659
Jelena Dautović , Iva Dominović Novković , Niki Simonović, Irena Ciglenečki
This study presents multi-year (2016–2022) results on the spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) along the eastern Adriatic coast, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in surface sediments at the same coastal and transitional stations. Based on DOC concentration thresholds for oligotrophic (<1.440 mg/L), mesotrophic (1.800–2.500 mg/L), and eutrophic (>2.500 mg/L) conditions, the majority of coastal waters along the eastern Adriatic can be classified as oligotrophic.
Episodic mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions were observed primarily during summer and autumn in both surface and bottom layers at specific locations, including the Gulf of Rijeka (including the port of Rijeka), parts of Kvarner Bay (Bay of Bakar), the Port of Pula, and the Lim Channel in the northern Adriatic (NA), as well as Brač–Split Channel, Kaštela Bay, and Pašman–Zadar Channel in the middle Adriatic (MA). Transitional waters of the rivers Rječina, Mirna, Raša (NA), and Krka (MA) also exhibited episodic mesotrophic–eutrophic conditions. According to monitoring data, the Gulf of Rijeka shifted from a “very good” to a “good” trophic status in 2022.
Elevated sediment TOC (>1.5 %) was generally observed at stations where DOC concentrations in the water column were high, including Brač–Split Channel, and the rivers Cetina and Jadro (MA), as well as Raša, Mirna, and Dragonja (NA). The highest sediment TOC (6.3 %) was recorded in the Bay of Bakar and the Port of Pula (NA), reflecting eutrophic conditions in the overlying water column. An exception was observed at station FP-P5b Ploče/Neretva (SA), where relatively high sediment TOC (up to 4.0 %) was recorded in all monitored years, despite DOC concentrations in the water column remaining within oligotrophic levels (≤1.44 mg/L). In light of the continuous intensification of anthropogenic pressures (tourism, maritime traffic, aquaculture and agriculture), these regions are likely to be highly susceptible to ecological degradation under future climate scenarios, underscoring the need to prioritize them in coastal management plans and long-term monitoring initiatives.
{"title":"Organic carbon in the water column and sediment of the eastern Adriatic Sea coastal and transitional waters","authors":"Jelena Dautović , Iva Dominović Novković , Niki Simonović, Irena Ciglenečki","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents multi-year (2016–2022) results on the spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) along the eastern Adriatic coast, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in surface sediments at the same coastal and transitional stations. Based on DOC concentration thresholds for oligotrophic (<1.440 mg/L), mesotrophic (1.800–2.500 mg/L), and eutrophic (>2.500 mg/L) conditions, the majority of coastal waters along the eastern Adriatic can be classified as oligotrophic.</div><div>Episodic mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions were observed primarily during summer and autumn in both surface and bottom layers at specific locations, including the Gulf of Rijeka (including the port of Rijeka), parts of Kvarner Bay (Bay of Bakar), the Port of Pula, and the Lim Channel in the northern Adriatic (NA), as well as Brač–Split Channel, Kaštela Bay, and Pašman–Zadar Channel in the middle Adriatic (MA). Transitional waters of the rivers Rječina, Mirna, Raša (NA), and Krka (MA) also exhibited episodic mesotrophic–eutrophic conditions. According to monitoring data, the Gulf of Rijeka shifted from a “very good” to a “good” trophic status in 2022.</div><div>Elevated sediment TOC (>1.5 %) was generally observed at stations where DOC concentrations in the water column were high, including Brač–Split Channel, and the rivers Cetina and Jadro (MA), as well as Raša, Mirna, and Dragonja (NA). The highest sediment TOC (6.3 %) was recorded in the Bay of Bakar and the Port of Pula (NA), reflecting eutrophic conditions in the overlying water column. An exception was observed at station FP-P5b Ploče/Neretva (SA), where relatively high sediment TOC (up to 4.0 %) was recorded in all monitored years, despite DOC concentrations in the water column remaining within oligotrophic levels (≤1.44 mg/L). In light of the continuous intensification of anthropogenic pressures (tourism, maritime traffic, aquaculture and agriculture), these regions are likely to be highly susceptible to ecological degradation under future climate scenarios, underscoring the need to prioritize them in coastal management plans and long-term monitoring initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 109659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109670
Sayantan Das , Swati Ghosh , Deeprita Ghosh , Abhijit Das , Sunando Bandyopadhyay
{"title":"Observations on “Summary reply to ‘Discussion: Tidal variation and flow dynamics in Indian Sundarban based on field observation and numerical models’ by Das et al. (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109526”","authors":"Sayantan Das , Swati Ghosh , Deeprita Ghosh , Abhijit Das , Sunando Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 109670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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