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Association between water darkening and hypoxia in a Norwegian fjord 挪威峡湾海水变暗与缺氧之间的关系
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108988
Martine Røysted Solås , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Dag L. Aksnes
Previous studies have shown that climate change makes Norwegian fjords prone to deoxygenation and water darkening (reduced light penetration) with ecological implications across the food web from phytoplankton to fish. While deoxygenation occurs in deep fjord basins due to reduced water renewal, water darkening has primarily been linked to increased loads of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) of terrestrial origin in rivers draining to the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and ultimately to the Norwegian Coastal Current and associated coastal waters. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that water darkening is also linked to deoxygenation of fjord basins. We measure the downwelling irradiance in a water column with hypoxic and anoxic water and compare it with a nearby, well-oxygenated water column. Our data show increased darkening in the hypoxic and anoxic layers, likely due to elevated concentrations of CDOM that is produced locally in these layers. We discuss the ecological implication of this result, which we believe is particularly relevant for the mesopelagic habitat.
以往的研究表明,气候变化使挪威峡湾容易出现脱氧和水体变暗(光线穿透力降低)现象,对从浮游植物到鱼类的整个食物网产生生态影响。深峡湾盆地因水体更新减少而出现脱氧现象,而水体变暗则主要与流入波罗的海、北海并最终流入挪威沿岸流和相关沿岸水域的河流中陆源彩色溶解有机物(CDOM)负荷增加有关。在这里,我们研究了水体变黑也与峡湾盆地脱氧有关的假设。我们测量了缺氧和缺氧水体中的下沉辐照度,并与附近的富氧水体进行了比较。我们的数据显示,缺氧和缺氧层中的暗度增加,这可能是由于这些层中局部产生的 CDOM 浓度升高所致。我们讨论了这一结果的生态意义,认为它与中层栖息地特别相关。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping South Africa's canopy-forming kelp forests using low-cost, high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery 利用低成本、高分辨率的 "哨兵-2 "号卫星图像绘制南非形成冠层的海藻林地图
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108989
Loyiso Dunga , Melanie Lück-Vogel , Laura K. Blamey , John Bolton , Mark Rothman , Phil Desmet , Kerry Sink
Globally, kelp forests play a vital role in providing ecological, social and economic services. They contribute to the livelihoods and resilience of many coastal communities. To date, a gap exists in contemporary, comprehensive and consistent maps of South African kelp forests, since they were last mapped partially in 2006 by covering 900 km of South Africa's coastline. This study addresses this gap by producing a comprehensive remotely sensed high-resolution 2016 map of canopy forming coastal kelp forests. Using the 10m resolution Sentinel-2 A and B spectral bands 4 (RED) and 8 (NIR), an expert derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold was used to detect surface protruding kelp forests along 1300 km coastline. The results were validated with expert verification and using Google Earth, data from historic maps, remote sensing and biomass estimation of South African kelp resources. Our study demonstrates the aptitude of Sentinel-2 for detecting canopy-forming kelps at low cost along South Africa's west and south coast. We report the encountered drawbacks in mapping an expansive coastline with varied sea conditions including wave activity, tides and turbidity. Comprehensive ground validation, long-term monitoring sites and the use of time series datasets remain a gap towards improving the calibration of remote sensing methods and long-term monitoring of South African kelp forests. Our results provide a foundation for continuous monitoring of South African kelp forests as well as exploring other unmapped kelp/similar habitats to inform research and environmental management.
在全球范围内,海藻林在提供生态、社会和经济服务方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们为许多沿海社区的生计和恢复能力做出了贡献。迄今为止,南非海藻林的当代、全面和一致的地图还存在空白,因为上一次绘制南非海藻林的部分地图是在 2006 年,覆盖了南非 900 公里的海岸线。本研究针对这一空白,绘制了一幅全面的遥感高分辨率 2016 年沿海海藻林冠层地图。利用 10 米分辨率的哨兵-2 A 波段和 B 波段 4(红光)和 8(近红外),使用专家得出的归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)阈值来检测 1300 公里海岸线上的地表突出海藻林。专家通过谷歌地球、历史地图数据、南非海藻资源遥感和生物量估算对结果进行了验证。我们的研究表明,哨兵-2 能够以较低的成本探测南非西海岸和南海岸的冠状海带。我们报告了在绘制波浪活动、潮汐和浊度等不同海况的广阔海岸线地图时遇到的缺点。在改进遥感方法的校准和南非海藻森林的长期监测方面,全面的地面验证、长期监测点和时间序列数据集的使用仍然存在差距。我们的研究成果为持续监测南非海藻林以及探索其他未绘制地图的海藻/类似栖息地奠定了基础,为研究和环境管理提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
Intertidal crab prey pulse export quantifies the importance of tidal wetland connectivity 潮间带蟹类猎物脉冲输出量化了潮汐湿地连通性的重要性
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108986
Cécile Vulliet , Jack Koci , Marcus Sheaves , Nathan Waltham
A key value of saltmarshes is their role in providing trophic subsidies, notably in the form of prey pulses of crab zoeae (CZ). No studies to date, however, have investigated quantitatively the patterns between crab zoeae pulses and saltmarsh tidal connectivity in tropical estuaries. In this study, CZ densities were examined over successive tides and months using a zooplankton sampling pump to examine links between tidal fluctuations and pulses of CZ in a tropical Australian estuary with a complex of tidal saltmarshes, mangroves, and unvegetated flats. CZ densities were linked to spatially explicit information on tidal wetland inundation that was derived from Unattended-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV) Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling. The study found that: (1) tidal connectivity is a key trigger to prey pulse export; (2) while tidal connectivity was critical in the export of CZ, not all tidal connections resulted in meaningful ecological connectivity; and (3) succulent saltmarsh was one of the tidal wetland types contributing to the export of CZ. Surprisingly, we reveal that not all succulent saltmarshes were uniformly participating in CZ export. These findings highlight the significance of quantitative eco-hydrological approaches to assess saltmarsh and tidal connectivity values. This study supports the need for management and restoration approaches to integrate a contextual understanding of the synergies between hydrology, ecology, and habitat heterogeneity. These data emphasise the need to move beyond generalisations that “similar” habitat type share similar ecological functions and should be managed equally.
盐沼的一个重要价值是其在提供营养补助方面的作用,特别是以蟹类藻类(CZ)猎物脉冲的形式提供营养补助。然而,迄今为止,还没有任何研究对热带河口的蟹藻脉冲与盐沼潮汐连通性之间的模式进行定量研究。在这项研究中,使用浮游动物采样泵对连续潮汐和月份中的 CZ 密度进行了检测,以研究澳大利亚一个由潮汐盐沼、红树林和无植被滩涂组成的热带河口中潮汐波动与 CZ 脉冲之间的联系。CZ 密度与潮汐湿地淹没的空间信息相关联,潮汐湿地淹没的空间信息来自无人飞行器(UAV)的运动结构(SfM)摄影测量和二维水动力模型。研究发现(1) 潮汐连通性是猎物脉冲输出的关键触发因素;(2) 虽然潮汐连通性对 CZ 的输出至关重要,但并非所有潮汐连通性都能带来有意义的生态连通性;(3) 肉质盐沼是促进 CZ 输出的潮汐湿地类型之一。令人惊讶的是,我们发现并非所有肉质盐沼都一致参与了 CZ 的输出。这些发现凸显了采用定量生态水文方法评估盐沼和潮汐连通性价值的重要性。这项研究证明,管理和恢复方法需要结合对水文、生态和生境异质性之间协同作用的理解。这些数据强调,不能一概而论地认为 "相似 "的生境类型具有相似的生态功能,应该同等管理。
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引用次数: 0
Survival strategies of Bar-tailed Godwit in tropical sand beaches: Straight-line and zigzag foraging techniques 条尾鸻在热带沙滩的生存策略:直线和之字形觅食技术
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108985
T.R. Athira , Aymen Nefla , K.A. Rubeena , Sabir Bin Muzaffar , Omer R. Reshi , T. Jobiraj , P. Thejass , K.M. Aarif
The near-threatened Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) makes the longest non-stop endurance flights among shorebirds. They are regular winter visitors to the Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu Community Reserve and adjoining sand beaches along the west coast of India. The research investigates their foraging strategies within sand beaches, observed over six years (2016–2022). Extensive field observations across major sand beaches documented two distinct modes of continuous stitching behaviour; a straight-line mode and a zigzag mode. Despite predation pressure and human disturbances, Bar-tailed Godwits achieved high prey capture rates, likely due to the abundance of benthic invertebrates. The study also revealed the prevalence of this behaviour and its association with rate of prey consumption, particularly focusing on the availability of Cosmonotus crabs, the dominant prey species. The zigzag pattern, was associated with higher prey capture rates, suggesting an adaptive response to prey distribution. Our findings suggest that, this unique foraging strategy allows Bar-tailed Godwits to optimize prey capture while conserving time and energy, especially in resource-scarce environments. Furthermore, the implications of these behaviours are discussed in the context of prey availability, nutrient content, and the energetic demands of long-distance migration, shedding light on to the adaptive mechanisms employed by shorebirds in challenging habitats.
濒临灭绝的条尾神鸟(Limosa lapponica)是岸鸟中不间断飞行时间最长的鸟类。它们是印度西海岸卡达伦迪-瓦利库努社区保护区和毗邻沙滩的冬季常客。这项研究调查了它们在沙滩上的觅食策略,观察时间长达六年(2016-2022 年)。对主要沙滩的广泛实地观察记录了两种不同的连续缝合行为模式:直线模式和之字形模式。尽管存在捕食压力和人为干扰,条尾鲣鸟仍能实现较高的猎物捕获率,这可能与丰富的底栖无脊椎动物有关。研究还揭示了这种行为的普遍性及其与猎物消耗率的关系,特别是与主要猎物物种螃蟹(Cosmonotus crabs)的可获得性有关。之字形模式与较高的猎物捕获率有关,表明这是一种对猎物分布的适应性反应。我们的研究结果表明,这种独特的觅食策略可以让条尾鲣鸟在节省时间和能量的同时优化猎物捕获,尤其是在资源稀缺的环境中。此外,我们还结合猎物的可获得性、营养成分和长途迁徙的能量需求,讨论了这些行为的影响,从而揭示了岸鸟在具有挑战性的栖息地所采用的适应机制。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating physical and biogeochemical processes and oceanic exchanges at a coastal lagoon in Southern West Europe 西欧南部沿海泻湖的物理和生物地球化学过程与海洋交换的整合
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108987
Alexandra Cravo, José Jacob, Alexandra Rosa , Cátia Correia
Coastal lagoons are highly productive systems and the quantification of mass fluxes, which is of paramount importance for the sustainable management of these systems, remains poorly studied. In this context, a detailed study was conducted to better understand the exchanges between the productive coastal lagoon Ria Formosa (South-West Europe) and the ocean. The exchanges of water, nutrients, chlorophyll-a and suspended solids between the main inlets (Faro-Olhão inlet - BFO; Armona inlet - BAR; and Ancão inlet - BAN) and adjacent channels (Faro - CF and Olhão - CO) and the adjacent ocean were estimated along complete semidiurnal tidal cycles, under extreme fortnightly tidal ranges and different seasonal and environmental/oceanographic conditions. The net tidal prism was highest during spring tides. Among the three inlets, BFO was the most important in terms of exchange, followed by BAR and BAN. Net transport at BFO was lowest during the Summer campaign, although it exported material that fertilised the adjacent coast. The persistent net export of suspended solids and ammonium suggests the higher biological productivity of Ria Formosa compared to that found in coastal waters. In the Winter campaign, after a period of rainfall and increased land runoff, there was a remarkable export of matter, on which, ammonium and suspended particles exported can exceed 0.3 times and almost 0.9 times, respectively, those imported from coastal water. However, the import of phosphate and nitrate can be attributed to a weak coastal upwelling event, as well to low consumption and nitrification at this period of low temperature. During the Spring and Autumn campaigns, the Ria Formosa was fertilised either by upwelling events or due to rapid consumption of nutrients by phytoplankton in this shallow system. BFO and the other two inlets of the western sector of Ria Formosa are interconnected by CF and CO. The higher nutrient transport was recorded at CF, despite the highest nutrients concentrations was recorded at CO. The data show the strong link between physical and biogeochemical processes with meteorological/oceanographic factors. The study showed that associated biological processes are superimposed on the tidal effect in this system. Data from this study could be used as a reference, particularly important for management of Ria Formosa, a productive system where bivalves production depends deeply on water quality. In addition, the nutrient concentrations and mass exchanges resulting from the different processes can be used as a reference for other lagoon systems where shellfish production is practised.
沿海泻湖是高产系统,而质量通量的量化对这些系统的可持续管理至关重要,但这方面的研究仍然很少。为此,我们进行了一项详细研究,以更好地了解富饶的沿海泻湖 Ria Formosa(欧洲西南部)与海洋之间的交换情况。在每两周一次的极端潮差以及不同的季节和环境/海洋条件下,对主要入海口(法罗-奥尔 良入海口-BFO;阿尔莫纳入海口-BAR;安康入海口-BAN)和邻近水道(法罗-CF 和奥尔 良-CO)与邻近海洋之间的水、营养物、叶绿素-a 和悬浮固体的交换进行了估算。净潮汐棱镜在春潮期间最大。在三个入海口中,BFO 的交换量最大,其次是 BAR 和 BAN。在夏季活动期间,BFO 的净输送量最低,尽管它输出的物质为邻近海岸提供了肥料。悬浮固体和铵的持续净输出表明,与沿岸水域相比,福尔摩沙河的生物生产力较高。在冬季活动中,经过一段时间的降雨和陆地径流的增加,物质输出量显著增加,其中氨和悬浮颗粒的输出量可分别超过从沿岸水域输入量的 0.3 倍和近 0.9 倍。然而,磷酸盐和硝酸盐的输入可归因于微弱的沿岸上升流活动,以及低温时期的低消耗和硝化作用。在春季和秋季活动期间,福莫萨湾因上升流活动或该浅水系统中浮游植物快速消耗养分而肥沃起来。BFO 和福尔摩沙岛西区的其他两个入海口通过 CF 和 CO 相互连接。尽管 CO 处的营养物浓度最高,但 CF 处的营养物迁移量更大。这些数据表明,物理和生物地球化学过程与气象/海洋因素密切相关。研究表明,在该系统中,相关的生物过程与潮汐效应叠加在一起。这项研究的数据可作为参考,对福尔摩沙河的管理尤为重要,因为福尔摩沙河是一个富饶的系统,双壳贝类的产量在很大程度上取决于水质。此外,不同过程产生的营养物浓度和质量交换也可作为其他生产贝类的环礁湖系统的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of anthropogenic resuspension on sediment organic matter: An experimental approach 人为重悬浮对沉积物有机质的影响:实验方法
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108981
Christian Lønborg , Stiig Markager , Simon David Herzog , Catia Carreira , Signe Høgslund
Globally coastal sediments are frequently disturbed by a wide range of physical anthropogenic processes (e.g. bottom trawling) which causes resuspension of sediment organic matter (OM) into the overlaying water column. In this study we present experimental results showing that anthropogenic sediment resuspension decreases the organic carbon (14x) and nitrogen (3x) content in the sediment material resuspended to the water column, while no measurable response was found for organic phosphorus. Our findings furthermore show that the OM bioavailability decreased and the Carbon:Nitrogen:Phosphorus stoichiometry was changed suggesting that anthropogenic resuspension changes the chemical composition, and/or production and degradation pathways of the OM pool. The detected changes in OM biogeochemistry could affect nutrient release, fuel oxygen consumption and at the same time increase CO2 production in coastal waters.
全球沿海沉积物经常受到各种物理人为过程(如底拖网捕捞)的扰动,导致沉积物 有机物(OM)重新悬浮到上覆水体中。在这项研究中,我们的实验结果表明,人为的沉积物再悬浮会使再悬浮到水体中的沉积物中的有机碳(14 倍)和氮(3 倍)含量降低,而对有机磷则没有发现可测量的反应。我们的研究结果还表明,有机物的生物利用率降低,碳:氮:磷的化学计量发生了变化,这表明人为的再悬浮改变了有机物池的化学组成和/或生成和降解途径。检测到的 OM 生物地球化学变化可能会影响沿岸水域的营养物质释放、氧气消耗,同时增加二氧化碳的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Benthic food web structure of a highly stratified sub-Arctic archipelago on the Newfoundland Shelf (Northwest Atlantic Ocean) 纽芬兰大陆架(西北大西洋)高度分层的亚北极群岛底栖食物网结构
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108982
Guillaume Bridier , Frédéric Olivier , Laurent Chauvaud , Vincent Le Garrec , Gabin Droual , Jacques Grall
Arctic and sub-Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing some of the highest sea surface warming in the world, which has intensified water column stratification and subsequently reduced phytoplankton production and particulate organic matter quality. However, the effects of these changes on benthic food webs and the transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels are still poorly understood. This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of food web structure in a sub-Arctic benthic community exposed to contrasting thermal stratification conditions. The study hypothesizes that during stratified periods, oceanographic conditions would have a limited effect on benthic invertebrates located above/at the thermocline due to their direct access to surface/subsurface primary production. On the other hand, organisms below the thermocline may be more sensitive to increased stratification because they do not have direct access to these food resources. To test this hypothesis, we sampled benthic invertebrates and several fish species on the Newfoundland Shelf along a cross-shore transect (2 shallow stations versus 2 deep stations above and below the thermocline, respectively) over two seasons. We used isotopic analyses (δ13C and δ15N) to study the structure of the food web and the transfer of organic matter. No temporal variation and little spatial variability in food web structure was observed, resulting in a 73.2% overlap between isotopic niches of shallow and deep stations. At all stations, most primary consumers were characterized by high trophic plasticity, feeding on both phytoplankton and benthic organic matter (mean dependence on benthic sources = 46.7%). In the context of global warming and increased thermal stratification, we hypothesize that benthic primary production may be less vulnerable to nutrient depletion than phytoplankton. We suggest that an increased contribution of benthic primary producers to organic matter fluxes in shallow coastal food webs could significantly enhance the resilience of the benthic food web to stratification intensification.
北极和亚北极海洋生态系统正经历着世界上最高的海面升温,这加剧了水柱分层,随之降低了浮游植物产量和颗粒有机物质量。然而,人们对这些变化对底栖生物食物网以及有机物向更高营养级转移的影响还知之甚少。本研究考察了暴露在不同热分层条件下的亚北极底栖生物群落食物网结构的时空变异性。研究假设,在分层期间,海洋条件对位于热层线以上/热层线以下的底栖无脊椎动物的影响有限,因为它们可以直接获得表层/次表层初级生产。另一方面,温跃层以下的生物可能对分层加剧更为敏感,因为它们无法直接获得这些食物资源。为了验证这一假设,我们在纽芬兰大陆架沿跨岸横断面(热层线以上和热层线以下分别为 2 个浅水站和 2 个深水站)进行了两个季节的底栖无脊椎动物和多种鱼类采样。我们利用同位素分析(δ13C 和 δ15N)来研究食物网的结构和有机物的转移。食物网结构没有时间变化,空间变化也很小,因此浅层和深层站位的同位素位点重叠率为 73.2%。在所有观测站,大多数初级消费者都具有高度营养可塑性的特点,既以浮游植物为食,也以底栖生物有机物为食(对底栖生物来源的平均依赖度=46.7%)。在全球变暖和热分层加剧的背景下,我们假设底栖初级生产可能比浮游植物更不容易受到营养枯竭的影响。我们认为,增加底栖初级生产者对浅海沿岸食物网中有机物质通量的贡献,可大大提高底栖食物网对分层加剧的适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
Buffer properties in the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Iberian Peninsula) 瓜达尔基维尔河口(伊比利亚半岛西南部)的缓冲特性
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108983
J. Sánchez-Rodríguez , S. Sirviente , A. Sierra , J.J. Gómiz-Pascual , M. Bolado-Penagos , M. Bruno , J. Forja , T. Ortega
The Guadalquivir Estuary (main source of continental waters to the Gulf of Cadiz) has a carbonate basin, which enables the transport of inorganic carbon to adjacent coastal areas. Therefore, in order to study the dynamic of the carbonate system and its buffer capacity, a total of 12 samplings were carried out from 2017 to 2022. Samplings included longitudinal transects and tidal cycles in different seasonal and tidal conditions. Total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) showed increased values upstream, while calcium (Ca2+) presented the highest values in most of the marine samples. The ranges values obtained for these three variables were of 2180–5140 μmol kg−1, 430–3950 μmol kg−1 and 1295–10,855 μmol kg−1 for TA, DIC and Ca2+, respectively. Two buffer factors (βDIC and βH) were also calculated to study the variability of the buffer capacity of the Guadalquivir Estuary. These indicate that the estuary is well buffered for salinities above 10, while the inner part is more vulnerable to acidification effects. Using a non-linear 1D hydrodynamic model, net inorganic carbon system transports were calculated, showing that the Guadalquivir Estuary is exporting TA, DIC and Ca2+ to the Gulf of Cadiz.
瓜达尔基维尔河口(加的斯湾大陆水的主要来源)有一个碳酸盐盆地,能够将无机碳输送到邻近的沿海地区。因此,为了研究碳酸盐系统的动态及其缓冲能力,从 2017 年到 2022 年共进行了 12 次采样。采样包括不同季节和潮汐条件下的纵向横断面和潮汐周期。总碱度(TA)和溶解无机碳(DIC)在上游显示出增加值,而钙(Ca2+)在大多数海洋样本中显示出最高值。在这三个变量中,TA、DIC 和 Ca2+ 的数值范围分别为 2180-5140 μmol kg-1、430-3950 μmol kg-1 和 1295-10855 μmol kg-1。为了研究瓜达尔基维尔河口缓冲能力的变化,还计算了两个缓冲因子(βDIC 和 βH)。这些结果表明,当盐度高于 10 时,河口的缓冲能力较强,而内部则更容易受到酸化的影响。利用非线性一维水动力模型,计算了无机碳系统的净迁移量,结果表明瓜达尔基维尔河口正在向加的斯湾输出 TA、DIC 和 Ca2+。
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引用次数: 0
Toward understanding the hydrologic, ecologic and community flooding implications of coastal restoration strategies: Sediment diversions 了解沿海恢复战略对水文、生态和群落洪水的影响:泥沙分流
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108984
Ahmed M. Khalifa , Ehab A. Meselhe , Kelin Hu , Denise Reed , Rachel Rhode , Natalie L. Snider
Evaluating the real-world impacts of proposed restoration strategies is a complex process. Typically, restoration is pursued to achieve a number of primary and secondary objectives as most coastal and deltaic areas support a variety of functions and activities with substantial social and economic values. In this analysis, we demonstrate the importance of considering the broad implications of planning and implementing restoration projects. We use a recently developed simplified and computationally efficient biophysical numerical model. The Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, a restoration project approximately 60 km down the Mississippi River from New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, offers an opportunity to quantify the benefits and potential impacts of large-scale restoration. Operation plans of the diversion are employed in this analysis to reveal the delicate balance between its potential benefits and possible adverse effects. Evaluation metrics include net land change and landscape evolution, change in salinity and subsequent shift in the distribution of marsh types, long-term change in the hydroperiod and marsh inundation, and change in the flood risk for unique local coastal communities and culture. We also consider subaqueous basin infilling, spatial sediment deposition, and creation of shallow water areas that might be of ecological value. These metrics are evaluated collectively under a set of future scenarios capturing long-term impacts of sea level rise and subsidence. This analysis provides evidence in favor of using a multi-metric approach to holistically evaluate restoration during the planning and design phases, as well as to guide the process of adaptively managing restoration projects post construction.
评估拟议的恢复战略对现实世界的影响是一个复杂的过程。由于大多数沿岸和三角洲地区都支持具有重大社会和经济价值的各种功能和活动,因 此,通常要通过恢复来实现一系列主要和次要目标。在本分析中,我们证明了考虑规划和实施恢复项目的广泛影响的重要性。我们使用了最近开发的一个简化的、计算效率高的生物物理数值模型。中巴拉塔利亚沉积物分流是一个修复项目,位于美国路易斯安那州新奥尔良市密西西比河下游约 60 公里处,它为量化大规模修复项目的效益和潜在影响提供了一个机会。本分析采用了引水渠的运行计划,以揭示其潜在效益与可能的不利影响之间的微妙平衡。评估指标包括土地净变化和景观演变、盐度变化和沼泽类型分布的随之变化、水文周期和沼泽淹没的长期变化,以及当地独特沿海社区和文化的洪水风险变化。我们还考虑了水下盆地填充、空间沉积物沉积以及可能具有生态价值的浅水区的形成。这些指标将在一系列未来情景下进行综合评估,以捕捉海平面上升和沉降的长期影响。这项分析提供了支持在规划和设计阶段使用多指标方法全面评估修复工程的证据,并为修复工程施工后的适应性管理过程提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term alien marsh grass in China brings high carbon uptake capacity but cannot sustain high-temperature weather 中国的长期外来沼泽草具有很高的碳吸收能力,但无法承受高温天气
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108979
Qi Yuan, Hai-Qiang Guo, Dong-Fan Xu, Si-Qi Zhou, Bing Tan, Bin Zhao
Coastal wetlands, crucial in the global carbon cycle, face increasing challenges brought by extreme climate events, particularly high temperatures above plant tolerance thresholds. These conditions often exert great impact on plant, thereby potentially reducing overall ecosystem productivity. However, it has been observed that alien species, typically exhibiting higher productivity compared to native plant. Would plant invasion offset the loss of productivity caused by high-temperature events at ecosystem scale? In this study, we utilized data from 2020 to 2023 in China's Yangtze Estuary to investigate the responses of Spartina alterniflora (alien) and Phragmites australis (native) to high-temperature stress. Our results demonstrate that though the alien vegetation exhibits higher productivity before high temperature events, it experiences significant declines during high temperatures. In average, net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and gross primary productivity (GPP) of alien plant drops by 21.03% overall, with a notable 29.59% reduction during Neap tide. In contrast, native vegetation maintains a more stable productivity profile under the same conditions. Spring tide alleviate the negative impact of high temperatures on the alien vegetation, exhibiting a distinct environmental buffering effect. Photosynthetic photon flux density emerged as a crucial factor driving productivity, yet its effectiveness was moderated by aerodynamic conductance for heat transfer (Ga_h). Through the application of the Michaelis-Menten model, we confirmed that both species maintain similar maximum light utilization efficiencies, yet native vegetation demonstrates greater resilience to thermal stress. Additionally, we observed a 33.82% overestimation in productivity by the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) under high temperatures, emphasizing the need to refine how Ga_h impacts are integrated, particularly when comparing the resilience of native and alien species. We emphasize necessity of incorporating canopy structure factors into ecological models and underscore the importance of maintaining tidal dynamics for coastal wetland management.
沿海湿地在全球碳循环中至关重要,但却面临着极端气候事件带来的日益严峻的挑战,尤其是超过植物耐受阈值的高温。这些情况通常会对植物产生巨大影响,从而可能降低生态系统的整体生产力。然而,据观察,与本地植物相比,外来物种通常表现出更高的生产力。植物入侵能否抵消高温事件在生态系统范围内造成的生产力损失?在这项研究中,我们利用中国长江口 2020 年至 2023 年的数据,调查了外来物种 Spartina 和本地物种 Phragmites australis 对高温胁迫的反应。我们的研究结果表明,虽然外来植被在高温事件之前表现出较高的生产力,但在高温期间却出现了显著下降。平均而言,外来植物的净生态系统生产力(NEP)和总初级生产力(GPP)总体下降了 21.03%,在低潮期显著下降了 29.59%。相比之下,本地植被在相同条件下保持了更稳定的生产力。春潮减轻了高温对外来植被的负面影响,表现出明显的环境缓冲作用。光合光子通量密度是驱动生产力的关键因素,但其有效性受到热传导空气动力传导(Ga_h)的影响。通过应用迈克尔斯-门顿模型,我们证实这两种物种保持着相似的最大光利用效率,但本地植被对热应力的恢复能力更强。此外,我们还观察到,在高温条件下,植被光合作用模型(VPM)高估了 33.82% 的生产力,这强调了完善 Ga_h 影响整合方式的必要性,尤其是在比较本地物种和外来物种的恢复能力时。我们强调了将冠层结构因素纳入生态模型的必要性,并强调了保持潮汐动态对沿岸湿地管理的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science
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