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Transformation of Government-Society Relations in Context of Contemporary Informational Technologies 当代信息技术背景下政府与社会关系的变革
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2024-10-1-32-41
A. I. Ponomarev, S. S. Bazhenov
Introduction. The article concerns the problem of digital technologies influence on political processes. The main goal of the paper is clarification of trends and perspectives of digital technologies in their application to political practice.Methodology and sources. Paper’s main approach is analysis of contemporary trends in artificial intelligence in context of political practices. Modern applications of AI-technologies in political practices examined on works of S. Russel and P. Norvig.Results and discussion. Analysis of trends in digital technologies application in political process shows that it could be distinguished three stages in transformation of politicalpractices. On the first stage analogous technologies are dominated despite those digital technologies exist and apply widely in human lives. On the second stage digital technologies are widely applied by politicians but citizens couldn’t actively influence in political process. The third stage make internet users true actors of political practices. On the same stage artificial intelligence systems concerned to big data is vigorously introduced in politics. Contemporary political systems in many ways based on success in AI-technologies however there is no full confidence in such a success in near future. Mass introduction of AItechnologies in politics has also negative influence on labor relations in society.Conclusion. Review of digital technologies application in political practice shows positive trends as well as negative ones. The answer on question how minimize negative effect of degradation of labor relations is still to be found.
引言本文涉及数字技术对政治进程的影响问题。本文的主要目标是阐明数字技术应用于政治实践的趋势和前景。本文的主要方法是结合政治实践分析当代人工智能的发展趋势。根据 S. Russel 和 P. Norvig 的著作研究了人工智能技术在政治实践中的现代应用。对政治进程中数字技术应用趋势的分析表明,政治实践的转变可分为三个阶段。在第一阶段,尽管数字技术已经存在并广泛应用于人类生活,但模拟技术仍占主导地位。第二阶段,政治家广泛应用数字技术,但公民无法积极影响政治进程。第三阶段,互联网用户成为政治实践的真正参与者。在同一阶段,与大数据相关的人工智能系统被大力引入政治领域。当代政治体制在许多方面都以人工智能技术的成功为基础,但人们并不完全相信这种成功会在不久的将来到来。在政治领域大规模引入人工智能技术也会对社会劳动关系产生负面影响。回顾数字技术在政治实践中的应用,既可以看到积极的趋势,也可以看到消极的趋势。如何最大限度地减少劳动关系恶化的负面影响,这个问题仍有待解决。
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引用次数: 0
Armenian Diaspora of Mordovia: Socio-Cultural Portrait (Experience of Sociological Analysis) 散居在莫尔多维亚的亚美尼亚人:社会文化肖像(社会学分析经验)
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2024-10-1-42-55
O. N. Barinova, O. N. Kuzina, I. V. Manaeva
Introduction. The relevance of studying national diasporas in Russia is due to the intensification of ethno-confessional contradictions in the near abroad and the expansion of migration flows. The importance of the issues of adaptation and integration of migrants within the framework of established regional societies increases, a certain conflict potential within diasporas is fixed. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the data of the sociological study of the Armenian Diaspora for 2023 was introduced into scientific circulation. The purpose of the article is to describe the  sociocultural portrait of the Armenian Diaspora in the conditions of a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional region (Republic of Mordovia).Methodology and sources. The genre of the sociological portrait in the framework of the study of society involves a comprehensive description of society, a systematic analysis of its basic characteristics. The authors compiled a sociocultural portrait of the Armenian diaspora, and at the same time emphasized the problems of adaptation and integration of Armenians into the multiethnic space of the region.Results and discussion. The primary data were the results of two waves of sociological research in 2017 and 2023, conducted by employees of the State Institution of the Republic of Moldova «Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring». 185 respondents were interviewed in 2017 and 285 in 2023. The sample is targeted, the recruitment of respondents was carried out through regional diaspora networks, as well as by the «snowball» method. As a result, the features of the settlement of the Armenian Diaspora, employment and labor practices are identified. The article characterizes the ethnic and confessional attitudes of the diaspora, and also reveals the specifics of social identity and linguistic attitudes.Conclusion. The socio-cultural portrait of the Armenian Diaspora in Mordovia is quite static and differs in already formed features. The social well-being of Armenians in Mordovia is generally positive. Positive assessments prevail in the perception of the financial situation, relations with the local society, and respect for their rights. The integration processes taking place in the Armenian Diaspora are characterized by a high degree of expression and positive dynamics, but do not imply complete assimilation. Integration occurs with varying degrees of intensity in specific areas of everyday life, such as economic, social, cultural and political.
导言。研究俄罗斯的民族散居地之所以具有现实意义,是因为近邻民族矛盾的加剧和移民潮的扩大。移民在既有地区社会框架内的适应和融入问题的重要性与日俱增,移民社群内部存在一定的潜在冲突。科学的新颖性在于将 2023 年亚美尼亚侨民的社会学研究数据引入科学流通领域。文章的目的是描述在多民族和多宗教地区(莫尔多维亚共和国)条件下散居国外的亚美尼亚人的社会文化状况。社会研究框架下的社会学肖像体裁包括对社会的全面描述和对其基本特征的系统分析。作者对散居国外的亚美尼亚人进行了社会文化描绘,同时强调了亚美尼亚人适应和融入该地区多民族空间的问题。主要数据是摩尔多瓦共和国国家机构 "社会经济监测科学中心 "的工作人员于 2017 年和 2023 年开展的两波社会学研究的结果。2017 年采访了 185 名受访者,2023 年采访了 285 名受访者。样本具有针对性,受访者的招募是通过地区侨民网络以及 "滚雪球 "方法进行的。结果,确定了亚美尼亚侨民定居、就业和劳动实践的特点。文章描述了散居亚美尼亚人的民族和教派态度,还揭示了社会身份和语言态度的特 点。散居在莫尔多维亚的亚美尼亚人的社会文化特征是静态的,与已形成的特征不同。莫尔多维亚的亚美尼亚人的社会福祉总体上是积极的。在对财政状况、与当地社会的关系以及对自身权利的尊重等方面的看法普遍是积极的。散居在国外的亚美尼亚人的融合进程表现出高度的积极性,但并不意味着完全同 化。在日常生活的具体领域,如经济、社会、文化和政治领域,融合程度各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
F. Engels and K. Marx on the Origin of Private Property and the State: One Concept or Two? F.恩格斯和 K. 马克思论私有财产和国家的起源:一个概念还是两个概念?
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2024-10-1-15-31
A. A. Koryakovtsev
Introduction. The problem of incomplete coincidence of views of K. Marx and F. Engels has long been raised in marxology. On this topic, D. McLellan, M. Ryubel, K.N. Lubutin and P.N. Kondrashov spoke. However, they were limited to political economy and ontology. We will discuss the views of classics on the origin of private property and the state.Methodology and sources. In this article the textual analysis of the works «Origin of family, private property and state» by F. Engels and «Forms preceding capitalist production» and «Manuscripts of 1844» by K. Marx is taken. The author a dopts a historical-comparative approach, combining the ideas of the classics with those of later Marxist schools.Results and discussion. F. Engels explains the appearance of the state by class contradictions. However, it does not distinguish the concept of «class» from the concept of «estate» and ignores the fact that in the pre-capitalist era an individual opposed another individual as a representative of a community that provided a certain standard of living. In a paragraph entitled «Forms Preceding Capitalist Production» in the «Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1861», K. Marx describes how the state emerged as an organizer of forced community works. This coercion was determined not by socio-political factors but by natural factors. Labor created not only a social product, but also the very relationship of domination. We show the semantic connection of this concept with that which was embodied K. Marx in «Economical-philosophical manuscripts of 1844».Conclusion. In classical Marxism there is no unified concept of the origin of the state and private property; the concepts of K. Marx and F. Engels differ from each other in the interpretation of the role of labor in this process. F. Engels attributes a passive role to labor. For K. Marx, the role of labor is active: labor itself creates its opposite, private property, and with it the state, which arises and exists due to the limitations of labor.
导言。马克思和恩格斯观点不完全一致的问题在马克思主义学界早已提出。关于这个问题,D. McLellan、M. Ryubel、K.N. Lubutin 和 P.N. Kondrashov 都曾发表过讲话。然而,他们的发言仅限于政治经济学和本体论。我们将讨论经典作品中关于私有财产和国家起源的观点。本文对弗-恩格斯的《家庭、私有财产和国家的起源》、克-马克思的《资本主义生产的前期形式》和《1844 年手稿》进行了文本分析。作者采用历史比较的方法,将经典著作的思想与后来马克思主义流派的思想结合起来。弗-恩格斯用阶级矛盾解释了国家的出现。但是,它没有区分 "阶级 "概念和 "地产 "概念,忽视了在前资本主义时代,个人作为提供一定生活水准的共同体的代表与另一个人相对立的事实。在《1857-1861 年经济学手稿》中题为 "资本主义生产以前的形式 "的一段中,K. 马克思描述了国家是如何作为强制社区工程的组织者出现的。这种强制不是由社会政治因素决定的,而是由自然因素决定的。劳动不仅创造了社会产品,也创造了统治关系。我们展示了这一概念与 K. 马克思在《1844 年经济学-哲学手稿》中所体现的概念在语义上的联系。在经典马克思主义中,关于国家和私有财产的起源没有统一的概念;在对劳动在这一过程中的作用的解释上,马克思和恩格斯的概念彼此不同。恩格斯认为劳动的作用是被动的。在克-马克思看来,劳动的作用是主动的:劳动本身创造了它的对立面--私有财产,并随之创造了国家,而国家是由于劳动的局限性而产生和存在的。
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引用次数: 0
Student Involvement in Science in the Focus of Sociological Analysis 社会学分析聚焦下的学生参与科学活动
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2024-10-1-56-72
E. Strogetskaya, I. B. Betiger
Introduction. The relevance of the topic is due to the following contradiction. According to comparative international studies, in a number of developed countries there is a decline in the interest of young people in scientific activities. In this regard, Russia is an exception, since young Russians are more loyal to science than, for example, their peers in Europe and highly value the impact of scientific achievements on society. At the same time, the problem of «worn-out» scientific personnel in Russia has not been completely resolved. The aging process has slowed down, but it is too early to talk about a massive influx of young personnel into science. Against the background of this contradiction, the authors put forward hypotheses about the lack of involvement of engineering students in scientific research and the dissatisfaction of representatives of the digital generation with the formats of scientific communication that they encounter.Methodology and sources. To develop the research methodology, the authors relied on the concept of the influence of the university on the student (E. Pascarella, P. Terenzini); the theory of the determination of student success by its academic and social integration into various spheres of university life (V. Tinto). To clarify the concept of «scientific communication» the authors turned to the conceptual model of M. Buki and B. Trench, which differentiates the channels and methods of public access to scientific information.Results and discussion. The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of student involvement in the scientific activities of the university and to analyze the conditions for the formation of communication strategies that promote involvement. Students of 1–3 years of bachelor's degree in technical specialties (N = 304) participated in the research.Conclusion. The following results were obtained. Firstly, although students view science as a highly significant activity, they do not recognize it as a model of their professional identity. Secondly, although science is of interest to many respondents, it remains at the level of plans, not action. Respondents see an obstacle to this in their own lack of confidence in their scientific and technical training. Third, research has identified communication strategies that both arouse interest in science and provide students with a sense of progress in mastering research competencies.
导言。本专题之所以具有现实意义,是因为存在以下矛盾。根据国际比较研究,一些发达国家的年轻人对科学活动的兴趣有所下降。在这方面,俄罗斯是个例外,因为与欧洲同龄人相比,俄罗斯青年对科学的忠诚度更高,而且非常重视科学成果对社会的影响。与此同时,俄罗斯科学人员 "老化 "的问题尚未完全解决。老龄化进程已经放缓,但现在谈论大量年轻人涌入科学界还为时尚早。在这一矛盾的背景下,作者提出了关于工科学生缺乏参与科学研究以及数字一代的代表对他们所遇到的科学交流形式不满意的假设。为了制定研究方法,作者借鉴了 "大学对学生的影响 "这一概念(E. Pascarella, P. Terenzini);以及 "学生成功与否取决于其在学术和社会方面是否融入大学生活的各个领域 "这一理论(V. Tinto)。为了澄清 "科学传播 "的概念,作者参考了 M. Buki 和 B. Trench 的概念模型,该模型区分了公众获取科学信息的渠道和方法。研究的目的是确定学生参与大学科学活动的程度,并分析形成促进参与的传播战略的条件。技术专业 1-3 年级本科生(N=304)参与了研究。研究结果如下。首先,尽管学生们认为科学是一项意义重大的活动,但他们并不承认科学是他们职业身份的一种模式。其次,尽管许多受访者对科学很感兴趣,但仍停留在计划层面,而非行动层面。受访者认为这方面的障碍在于他们自己对所接受的科技培训缺乏信心。第三,研究发现了既能激发学生对科学的兴趣,又能让学生感到在掌握研究能力方面取得了进步的交流策略。
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引用次数: 0
Explicative Specificity of the Concept of “Coronavirus” for Children in the Framework of Medical Discourse 医学话语框架中儿童 "冠状病毒 "概念的具体说明性
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-6-161-172
S. V. Kiseleva, N. A. Trophimova, Yu. S. Ananyeva, E. Y. Skryabina
Introduction. In the spring of 2020, the pandemic of coronavirus was announced in the world – the disease caused by the new type of coronavirus SARS-COV-2. In connection with the progressive psychoemotional stress in society in the literature and the media, attempts are made in a simple and affordable form to explain the causes of this disease and prevention methods. Despite the fact that the children's contingent was the least susceptible to the disease, this topic was widely covered in children's books, posters and brochures. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to analyze and study various methods of verbalizing the renewal of knowledge about coronavirus infection through lexical units. The article describes the results of the analysis of the concept of “coronavirus”, reflecting the “childish” vision of the disease.Methodology and sources. To create an idea of the concept of “Coronavirus”, it is required to conduct a framework analysis and build concepts of concepts that dominate generally in the discourse. For this, it is necessary to conduct a case analysis of children's texts, conceptual analysis and method of modeling using the theory of cognitive metaphor. Also, the compilation of frames will need to conduct definition, etymological, component and contextual analyzes.Results and discussion. Within the framework of this article, the role of metaphor as the main mechanism for representing information about the disease and its prevention is presented. As a result of the study, strategies for the verbalization of knowledge about coronavirus infection were revealed, contributing to training and socializationConclusion. The significance of the presented work is determined by the possibility of using the results of the study in theoretical and practical courses in cognitive linguistics, discourse theory, text linguistics and metaphorology. In addition, the results of the study can be used in theoretical and practical medical activity to optimize the connection in the field of pediatrics.
导 言2020 年春,冠状病毒大流行--由新型冠状病毒 SARS-COV-2 引起的疾病--在世界范围内公布。随着社会心理情绪压力的逐渐增大,文学和媒体试图以简单、经济的形式解释这种疾病的原因和预防方法。尽管儿童群体最不容易感染这种疾病,但儿童读物、海报和宣传册中还是广泛涉及了这一主题。因此,本文旨在分析和研究通过词汇单元口头更新冠状病毒感染知识的各种方法。文章介绍了对 "冠状病毒 "概念的分析结果,反映了对该疾病的 "幼稚 "看法。为了建立 "冠状病毒 "概念的概念,需要进行框架分析,并建立在话语中普遍占主导地位的概念。为此,有必要利用认知隐喻理论对儿童文本进行案例分析、概念分析和建模方法。此外,在汇编框架时还需要进行定义、词源、成分和语境分析。在本文的框架内,介绍了隐喻作为表现疾病及其预防信息的主要机制的作用。研究结果表明,冠状病毒感染知识的口头表达策略有助于培训和社会化。本研究的意义在于,研究成果可以用于认知语言学、话语理论、文本语言学和隐喻学的理论和实践课程。此外,研究结果还可用于理论和实践医疗活动,以优化儿科领域的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Several Sociolinguistic Particularities of French-English Bi-Lingualism in Canada 加拿大法英双语的若干社会语言特性
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-6-143-160
V. D. Melnikova, L. A. Ulianitckaia
Introduction. The relevance of the study is explained by the necessity to preserve Frenchspeaking culture and language on the territory of Canada in the conditions of globalization, the spread of American mass culture and the significant impact of English as a global language. The purpose of the work is to describe and analyze the sociolinguistic particularities of the existence of the French language in the English-speaking competitive environment in Canada.Methodology and sources. During the study, the following sociolinguistic methods were used: descriptive method, comparison method, continuous sampling method, sociolinguistic analysis method, quantitative data processing method, questionnaire survey. The research is based on the material of Сanadian media, legislative acts regulating the state's language policy, data obtained through surveys of Canadian citizens, and 5,234 inscriptions in five Canadian cities which were selected to examine the country's linguistic landscape.Results and discussion. Under Canadian laws, French and English have equal status in parliamentary readings, in public services and in everyday life, as well as in education, radio and television. However, English is the dominant language and has great prestige throughout Canada. All of the evidence collected shows the decisive superiority of English as the primary means of communication in media, advertising and politics. Existing legislation to protect and promote the use of both official languages is not fully enforced, as evidenced by numerous complaints from Canadians to the Commissioner of Official Languages.Conclusion. In Canada, a multi-component exoglossic linguistic situation has developed with two official languages – English and French, which is characterized by the existence of natural bilingualism. Linguistic minorities, such as Anglophones in Quebec and Francophones outside Quebec, may experience linguistic discrimination, creating tensions between residents of the same country. French is significantly influenced by the majority English and immigrant languages that dominate the linguistic landscape of Canadian cities.
导言。这项研究的意义在于,在全球化、美国大众文化传播和英语作为全球语言的巨大影响下,有必要保护加拿大境内的法语文化和语言。这项工作的目的是描述和分析法语在加拿大英语竞争环境中存在的社会语言特殊性。在研究过程中,使用了以下社会语言学方法:描述法、比较法、连续抽样法、社会语言分析法、定量数据处理法、问卷调查法。研究以加拿大媒体材料、规范国家语言政策的立法法案、加拿大公民调查获得的数据以及加拿大五个城市的 5,234 篇题词为基础,这些城市被选来考察该国的语言状况。根据加拿大法律,法语和英语在议会宣读、公共服务、日常生活以及教育、广播和电视中享有同等地位。然而,英语是加拿大的主导语言,在全加拿大享有很高的声望。收集到的所有证据都表明,在媒体、广告和政治领域,英语作为主要交流手段具有决定性的优势。保护和促进两种官方语言使用的现行法律没有得到充分执行,加拿大人向官方语言专员提出的大量投诉就证明了这一点。在加拿大,英语和法语这两种官方语言形成了一种多成分的外来语语言状况,其特点 是存在自然双语现象。语言上的少数群体,如魁北克的英语族和魁北克以外的法语族,可能会遭遇语言歧视,造成同一国家居民之间的紧张关系。法语深受英语和移民语言的影响,而英语和移民语言在加拿大城市的语言环境中占主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
Pragmatic and Semantic Analysis of Anti-War Protest Utterances (on the Data of Public Opinion Discourse in the Spring of 2022 in Russia) 反战抗议语句的语法和语义分析(基于 2022 年春俄罗斯舆论话语数据)
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-6-116-127
O. V. Dreifeld
Introduction. The main objective of article is analysis the personal anti-war utterances on protest posters to determine their pragmatic functions in the discourse of public opinion. The theoretical and practical significance of article is identification, description and classification types of personal speech tactics of anti-war protest discourse based on material of verbalized statements at solitary pickets in the spring of 2022 in Russia.Methodology and sources. A content analysis, pragmatic and semantic analysis of 455 utterances are carried out, utterances are obtained by continuous sampling method in the Telegram channel “OVD-Info” in the period from 02.24.2022 to 05.31.2022 and from the opened media sources indicated in the open database “Illustrative Material”.Results and discussion. Anti-war discourse as thematic variety of political discourse is formed in the process of public expression of criticism or disagreement in relation to military actions as way of resolving a geopolitical conflict and /or in relation to a specific military event, as well as in relation to political decisions leading to military actions. Anti-war discourse contains a specific semiotic code, which includes concepts “peace” and “war” as an obligatory component. And anti-war discourse is realized in a certain social and historical extralinguistic context. We checked up the important role of speech tactics which significantly transform the text of anti-war utterance, such as graphic euphemization, semiotic euphemization, abbreviation, neutralization. They implement a complex spectrum of speaker` s intentions, masking and revealing it the same time.Conclusion. We have found not only differences in “direct” and “hidden” messages, but their similarities, consisting in the fact that for a part of the audience in the spring of 2022 in Russia the difference was leveled by the conditions of social communication: any statement in the public space was assessed as ‘anti-war” regardless of its form and content.
引言。文章的主要目的是分析抗议海报上的个人反战言论,以确定其在舆论话语中的实用功能。文章的理论和实践意义在于,根据 2022 年春俄罗斯单独抗议活动中的口头陈述材料,对反战抗议话语中的个人话语策略进行识别、描述和分类。在 2022 年 2 月 24 日至 2022 年 5 月 31 日期间,通过 Telegram 频道 "OVD-Info "中的连续抽样方法,并从开放数据库 "说明性材料 "中显示的开放媒体资源中获取了 455 个语句,并对其进行了内容分析、语用和语义分析。反战话语作为政治话语的主题种类,是在公开表达对军事行动的批评或异议的过程中形成的,军事行动是解决地缘政治冲突和/或特定军事事件的方式,也与导致军事行动的政治决策有关。反战言论包含特定的符号代码,其中 "和平 "和 "战争 "这两个概念是必备的组成部分。反战话语是在一定的社会和历史外部语言环境中实现的。我们检查了语篇策略的重要作用,这些语篇策略极大地改变了反战语篇的文本,如图形委婉化、符号委婉化、缩写、中性化。它们实现了说话者复杂的意图,同时掩盖和揭示了说话者的意图。我们不仅发现了 "直接 "和 "隐藏 "信息的不同之处,还发现了它们的相似之处,即在 2022 年春天的俄罗斯,对于部分受众而言,社会传播条件消除了两者之间的差异:在公共空间发表的任何言论都被视为 "反战 "言论,无论其形式和内容如何。
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引用次数: 0
Images of the Moon and the Sun in the Poetry of F.H. Thompson 汤普森诗歌中的日月形象
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-6-128-142
M. V. Semenikhina
Introduction. The article considers the analysis of metaphorical models describing the Moon and the Sun, two key mythologems in the works of F.H. Thompson, a religious English poet of XIX-XX centuries. The research relevance is connected with the growing interest in the representation of the individual author's worldview in a poetic text and with the fact that the work of F.H. Thompson in Russian philology remains poorly studied.Methodology and sources. The research is based on the conceptual metaphor theory byLakoff and Johnson. The empirical basis of the study was the poems by F.H. Thompson “A Corymbus for Autumn”, “Orient Ode”, “Ode to the Setting Sun”, “The Mistress of Vision”, “An Anthem of Earth”, “Sister Songs”, “From the Night of Forebeing”, “The Hound of Heaven”, “The Song of Hours”, “The Sere of the Leaf”, “The Dead Astronomer”, “Ad Amicam”, “Ad Castitatem”, “Love Declared”, “Of Nature: Laud and Plaint”, “Nocturn”, “Assumpta Maria”, “To a Poet Breaking Silence”, “Arab Love-Song”, “Victorian Ode”.Results and discussion. The analysis revealed that in F.H. Thompson's poetry the images of the Moon and the Sun are contrasted as “passive – active”, “weak – strong”, “chastity – passion”, “cold – heat”, “water – fire”, to a lesser extent “death – life”, “female – male” and “pagan – Christian”. The Sun is a source of life, beauty and poetic inspiration, and, in addition, the movement of the Sun across the sky during the day helps people to understand the story of Christ’s death and resurrection and its sense. The Moon, despite its coldness and passivity, also plays a necessary role in the universe (for example, controlling natural cycles and acting as an intermediary between the Sun and mankind).Conclusion. The images of the Moon and the Sun fit seamlessly into the general system of images of Thompson's poetry, in which the author seeks to create an image of a spiritualized Universe filled with the presence of God. The Sun is the central image of Thompson's poetry, an active character, often likened to Christ; the Moon is more passive and more strongly associated with paganism and death (which, however, does not make its image negative).
引言。本文对十九至二十世纪英国宗教诗人汤普森(F.H. Thompson)作品中描述月亮和太阳这两个重要神话的隐喻模式进行了分析。研究的相关性与人们对诗歌文本中作者个人世界观的表现日益增长的兴趣有关,也与俄罗斯语言学对 F.H. Thompson 作品的研究仍然很少这一事实有关。研究基于拉科夫和约翰逊的概念隐喻理论。研究的实证基础是 F.H. 汤普森的诗作《秋天的科伦布》。汤普森的诗歌 "A Corymbus for Autumn"、"Orient Ode"、"Ode to the Setting Sun"、"The Mistress of Vision"、"An Anthem of Earth"、"Sister Songs"、"From the Night of Forebeing"、"The Hound of Heaven"、"The Song of Hours"、"The Sere of the Leaf"、"The Dead Astronomer"、"Ad Amicam"、"Ad Castitatem"、"Love Declared"、"Of Nature:结果与讨论。分析表明,在 F.H. 汤普森的诗歌中,月亮和太阳的形象被对比为 "被动-主动"、"弱-强"、"贞洁-激情"、"冷-热"、"水-火",其次是 "死亡-生命"、"女性-男性 "和 "异教-基督教"。太阳是生命、美丽和诗歌灵感的源泉,此外,太阳在白天划过天空的运动有助于人们理解基督受难和复活的故事及其意义。月亮尽管冷酷无情,但在宇宙中也扮演着必要的角色(例如,控制自然周期,充当太阳和人类之间的中介)。月亮和太阳的形象完美地融入了汤普森诗歌的总体形象体系,作者试图在诗歌中塑造一个充满上帝存在的精神化宇宙形象。太阳是汤普森诗歌的核心形象,是一个积极主动的人物,经常被比作基督;月亮则较为被动,与异教和死亡联系更为紧密(但这并不意味着月亮的形象是消极的)。
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引用次数: 0
On the Issue of Systematization of Modern Terminology of Advertising and Public Relations 关于现代广告和公共关系术语的系统化问题
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-6-173-183
A. Krivonosov
Introduction. The dynamic development and diversification of the modern public sphere, especially in the conditions of total digitalization and mediatization, requires modern scientific reflection.The article proposes the principles of classification of the system of terms of advertising and public relations. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the operationality of using a nested method of lexicographic fixation of advertising and public relations terms based on the classical model of G. Lasswell's communication of concepts.Methodology and sources. The problems of lexicography of terms of the communication sphere (journalism, applied communications, media communications) have their own scientific reflection. The article proposes a model of a modern dictionary of advertising and public relations, where the components of the G. Lasswell model form the basis of the nest principle.Results and discussion. The article suggests the main nests (conceptual and terminological fields) of the dictionary of advertising and public relations: basic; communication subjects; communication objects; communication tools (traditional and new); communication technologies; communication results; communication product. The analysis of the composition of dictionary nests made it possible to identify dichotomies as classifying features of dictionary terms: according to the original scientific discipline; according to the use in the thematic field; according to etymology; according to the writing of borrowings; according to the structure; according to the productivity of the word-formation model.Conclusion. Description and classification of the terminology of advertising and public relations revealed a number of problems of describing the terms of new social practices and scientific disciplines: the boundaries of the subject of research; the principles of selection of sources, the specifics of lexicographic processing (from the dictionary to the glossary and dictionary). The work on the dictionary may in the future provide material for discussing a number of linguistic tasks proper.
导言现代公共领域的动态发展和多样化,尤其是在全面数字化和媒体化的条件下,需要现代科学的反思。文章的目的是证明在 G. Lasswell 的经典概念传播模型基础上使用嵌套法对广告和公共关系术语进行词典固定的可操作性。传播领域(新闻学、应用传播学、媒体传播学)术语的词典学问题有其自身的科学思考。文章提出了现代广告和公共关系词典的模式,其中 G. Lasswell 模式的组成部分构成了巢原则的基础。文章提出了广告和公共关系词典的主要巢(概念和术语领域):基础;传播主体;传播客体;传播工具(传统的和新的);传播技术;传播结果;传播产品。通过对词典词巢构成的分析,可以确定二分法作为词典术语的分类特征:根据原始科学学科;根据在主题领域的使用;根据词源;根据借词写作;根据结构;根据词形成模式的生产力。对广告和公共关系术语的描述和分类揭示了描述新的社会实践和科学学科术语的一系列问题:研究对象的界限;选择来源的原则;词典处理的具体细节(从词典到词汇表和词典)。有关词典的工作将来可能会为讨论一些语言学任务本身提供素材。
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引用次数: 0
Sociological Diagnostics of the Image of a “hero” as an Object of Social Construction in the Ideology of Youth, during a Special Military Operation 对特殊军事行动中作为青年意识形态社会建构对象的 "英雄 "形象的社会学诊断
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-6-101-115
A. S. Kurapova, S. V. Kurapov, A. B. Ilchenko
Introduction. The article examines the application of the concept of social construction to the formation of the image of a “hero” among students and its sociodynamics during a special military operation. Conscripts and Cossack youth were taken for comparative analysis. The importance of the influence of images of “heroes” that meet certain requirements in the conditions of “hybrid war” is noted.Methodology and sources. The main approaches to social construction from the position of forming the image of a “hero” are presented (A. Schutz, P. Berger, T. Lukman, G. Bloomer, K. Popper, M. Spector, J. Kitseuse, W. Lippman). The factors influencing the formation of the image of the “hero” and the procedures of social construction are described. The interrelation of the constructed image of the "hero" and the result of its functioning in the social environment is shown. The influence of mass media and social networks on the formation of the image of a “hero” is substantiated, the concept of a social construct is described: representations of youth – value choice – result. The research data of the authors of the article on the value orientations of young people are presented.Results and discussion. The results of sociological diagnostics of the image of the “hero” in the dynamics of 2022–2023 are presented. This diagnosis was carried out among students in St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as among a group of young people to whom targeted social technologies were applied (specifically, conscripts and Cossack youth).Conclusion. In the second year of the special military operation, there was a transformation of the image of a ‘hero’ for all groups of young people. The students were influenced by the social construction of “soft power”. For example, changing the broadcast content on the Internet, introducing special lessons of courage and “Talking about important things”. However, the standard of the “warrior hero” remains at the level of the Great Patriotic War, which indicates insufficient historical immersion of the transmitted information, and, at the same time, insufficient actualization of modern warrior heroes. The results are somewhat different for young people focused on the military sphere (on the example of Cossack youth). By purposeful social construction (political information, direct communication with the participants of a special military operation, studying the history of Russia, etc.), the image of the “hero” turns out to be stronger and more reliable.
引言。文章探讨了社会建构概念在学生中 "英雄 "形象形成过程中的应用及其在特殊军事行动中的社会动力学。对应征入伍者和哥萨克青年进行了比较分析。我们注意到,在 "混合战争 "条件下,符合特定要求的 "英雄 "形象所产生的重要影响。从 "英雄 "形象形成的角度介绍了社会建构的主要方法(A. Schutz、P. Berger、T. Lukman、G. Bloomer、K. Popper、M. Spector、J. Kitseuse、W. Lippman)。本文阐述了影响 "英雄 "形象形成的因素以及社会建构的程序。展示了所构建的 "英雄 "形象与其在社会环境中发挥作用的结果之间的相互关系。证实了大众传媒和社交网络对 "英雄 "形象形成的影响,描述了社会建构的概念:青年的表象--价值选择--结果。介绍了文章作者关于青年价值取向的研究数据。介绍了 2022-2023 年动态 "英雄 "形象的社会学诊断结果。这一诊断是在圣彼得堡和莫斯科的学生中进行的,也是在应用了有针对性的社会技术的青年群体(特别是应征入伍者和哥萨克青年)中进行的。在特别军事行动的第二年,所有青年群体的 "英雄 "形象都发生了转变。学生们受到了 "软实力 "社会建设的影响。比如,改变网络播放内容,开设见义勇为专题课,"讲大事 "等。然而,"勇士英雄 "的标准仍停留在卫国战争时期的水平,这表明所传播信息的历史熏陶不够,同时,现代勇士英雄的现实化程度也不够。对于专注于军事领域的年轻人(以哥萨克青年为例)来说,结果有些不同。通过有目的的社会建构(政治信息、与特殊军事行动参与者的直接交流、学习俄罗斯历史等),"英雄 "的形象变得更加强大和可靠。
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引用次数: 0
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