Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2984
Balsam Barkous, K. Kchaou, Chaima Briki, Sirine Jamli, S. Jameleddine
Background: The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) have issued several updates to their guidelines for lung function testing between 2005 and 2022. Objective: We aimed to compare ATS/ERS recommendations for 2005(R1) and 2022(R2) in defining Obstructive Ventilatory Impairment (OVI) and in classifying its severity. Patients and Methods: It was a retrospective comparative study including 1129 patients. All patients underwent spirometry with measurement of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). An OVI was considered according to R1 when FEV1/FVC ratio is under the Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) and when the z-score of FEV1/FVC ratio is under -1.645 according to R2. For the severity levels of airflow obstruction: ATS/ERS previously recommended the use of percent predicted FEV1 with 5 levels using cut values of 70%, 60%, 50% and 35%. Recently updated for z-scores with cut values of -2, -2.5 and -4. Mean age was 54.23±19.23 years. Results: For defining an OVI, both definitions were comparable (529 patients with OVI). For the severity classification, the following proportions were assessed: 151 mild, 86 moderate,84 moderately severe, 133 severe and 75 very severe vs 148 mild, 238 moderate, 76 severe and 67 cases having a normal FEV1 (z-score of FEV1 above -1.645), which were classified as mild according to R1. Mild OVI(R2) were distributed according to R1 into 74 mild, 51 moderate, 16 moderately severe and 7 severe. Moderate OVI (R2) were dispatched using R1 to 10 mild, 34 moderate, 66 moderately severe, 103 severe and 25 very severe. Severe OVI(R2) were classified as 1 moderate, 2 moderately severe, 23 severe and 50 very severe. Conclusion: ATS/ERS new and previous recommendations seem to be comparable in defining OVI. However, discrepancies were assessed in classifying its severity.
{"title":"Defining and Grading an Obstructive Ventilatory Impairment: American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society Interpretive Strategies of 2005 Versus 2022","authors":"Balsam Barkous, K. Kchaou, Chaima Briki, Sirine Jamli, S. Jameleddine","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2984","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) have issued several updates to their guidelines for lung function testing between 2005 and 2022. \u0000Objective: We aimed to compare ATS/ERS recommendations for 2005(R1) and 2022(R2) in defining Obstructive Ventilatory Impairment (OVI) and in classifying its severity. \u0000Patients and Methods: It was a retrospective comparative study including 1129 patients. All patients underwent spirometry with measurement of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). An OVI was considered according to R1 when FEV1/FVC ratio is under the Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) and when the z-score of FEV1/FVC ratio is under -1.645 according to R2. For the severity levels of airflow obstruction: ATS/ERS previously recommended the use of percent predicted FEV1 with 5 levels using cut values of 70%, 60%, 50% and 35%. Recently updated for z-scores with cut values of -2, -2.5 and -4. Mean age was 54.23±19.23 years. \u0000Results: For defining an OVI, both definitions were comparable (529 patients with OVI). For the severity classification, the following proportions were assessed: 151 mild, 86 moderate,84 moderately severe, 133 severe and 75 very severe vs 148 mild, 238 moderate, 76 severe and 67 cases having a normal FEV1 (z-score of FEV1 above -1.645), which were classified as mild according to R1. Mild OVI(R2) were distributed according to R1 into 74 mild, 51 moderate, 16 moderately severe and 7 severe. Moderate OVI (R2) were dispatched using R1 to 10 mild, 34 moderate, 66 moderately severe, 103 severe and 25 very severe. Severe OVI(R2) were classified as 1 moderate, 2 moderately severe, 23 severe and 50 very severe. \u0000Conclusion: ATS/ERS new and previous recommendations seem to be comparable in defining OVI. However, discrepancies were assessed in classifying its severity.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2983
U. D. Itanyi, Habiba Momodu, Joshua O. Aiyekomogbon, H. Kolade-Yunusa, Ibrahim A. Yaro, Chinedu S. Aruah
Objectives: Differentiation of benign macrocephaly from other etiologies that may require prompt evaluation and intervention is very necessary to prevent long term neurological deficits. Cross-sectional imaging of the brain with Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended in evaluation of such patients. In resource poor-settings, CT is more readily available, hence the objective in this study is to evaluate the spectrum of CT findings in children with macrocephaly in our locality and document the possible etiologic factors that are amenable to surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with clinical diagnosis of large head/macrocephaly who were evaluated with cranial CT in a tertiary hospital in Abuja from January 2018- June 2022. SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) version 9.4 was used for database management and analysis with P≤ 0.05 level of significance. Results: One hundred and twenty three children were included in the study with ages ranging from 2 days to 4 years. Majority of the children were males, 74 (60.2%). The predominant age group at presentation was between 0 to 6 months,78 (63.4%). Hydrocephalus was the main cause of macrocephaly in 110 patients (89.4%). Congenital hydrocephalus was predominant in 81 children (73.6%). Communicating hydrocephalus was noted in 44 children (40%) while 62 (56.4%) were non-communicating. The commonest level of obstruction was at the aqueduct of Sylvius and exit foramina in 22 (35.5%) patients each. There was no significant statistical difference between the genders(P=0.920). Conclusion: CT is a veritable tool in the evaluation of the child with a large head with an appreciable number of surgically amenable pathologies noted. Hydrocephalus is the commonest etiology of macrocephaly in our environment with the majority of the cases due to congenital abnormalities.
{"title":"The Child with a Large Head: Cranial Computed Tomography Findings in 123 Nigerian Children with Macrocephaly","authors":"U. D. Itanyi, Habiba Momodu, Joshua O. Aiyekomogbon, H. Kolade-Yunusa, Ibrahim A. Yaro, Chinedu S. Aruah","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2983","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Differentiation of benign macrocephaly from other etiologies that may require prompt evaluation and intervention is very necessary to prevent long term neurological deficits. Cross-sectional imaging of the brain with Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended in evaluation of such patients. In resource poor-settings, CT is more readily available, hence the objective in this study is to evaluate the spectrum of CT findings in children with macrocephaly in our locality and document the possible etiologic factors that are amenable to surgical intervention. \u0000Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with clinical diagnosis of large head/macrocephaly who were evaluated with cranial CT in a tertiary hospital in Abuja from January 2018- June 2022. SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) version 9.4 was used for database management and analysis with P≤ 0.05 level of significance. \u0000Results: One hundred and twenty three children were included in the study with ages ranging from 2 days to 4 years. Majority of the children were males, 74 (60.2%). The predominant age group at presentation was between 0 to 6 months,78 (63.4%). Hydrocephalus was the main cause of macrocephaly in 110 patients (89.4%). Congenital hydrocephalus was predominant in 81 children (73.6%). Communicating hydrocephalus was noted in 44 children (40%) while 62 (56.4%) were non-communicating. The commonest level of obstruction was at the aqueduct of Sylvius and exit foramina in 22 (35.5%) patients each. There was no significant statistical difference between the genders(P=0.920). \u0000Conclusion: CT is a veritable tool in the evaluation of the child with a large head with an appreciable number of surgically amenable pathologies noted. Hydrocephalus is the commonest etiology of macrocephaly in our environment with the majority of the cases due to congenital abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2983
U. D. Itanyi, Habiba Momodu, Joshua O. Aiyekomogbon, H. Kolade-Yunusa, Ibrahim A. Yaro, Chinedu S. Aruah
Objectives: Differentiation of benign macrocephaly from other etiologies that may require prompt evaluation and intervention is very necessary to prevent long term neurological deficits. Cross-sectional imaging of the brain with Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended in evaluation of such patients. In resource poor-settings, CT is more readily available, hence the objective in this study is to evaluate the spectrum of CT findings in children with macrocephaly in our locality and document the possible etiologic factors that are amenable to surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with clinical diagnosis of large head/macrocephaly who were evaluated with cranial CT in a tertiary hospital in Abuja from January 2018- June 2022. SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) version 9.4 was used for database management and analysis with P≤ 0.05 level of significance. Results: One hundred and twenty three children were included in the study with ages ranging from 2 days to 4 years. Majority of the children were males, 74 (60.2%). The predominant age group at presentation was between 0 to 6 months,78 (63.4%). Hydrocephalus was the main cause of macrocephaly in 110 patients (89.4%). Congenital hydrocephalus was predominant in 81 children (73.6%). Communicating hydrocephalus was noted in 44 children (40%) while 62 (56.4%) were non-communicating. The commonest level of obstruction was at the aqueduct of Sylvius and exit foramina in 22 (35.5%) patients each. There was no significant statistical difference between the genders(P=0.920). Conclusion: CT is a veritable tool in the evaluation of the child with a large head with an appreciable number of surgically amenable pathologies noted. Hydrocephalus is the commonest etiology of macrocephaly in our environment with the majority of the cases due to congenital abnormalities.
{"title":"The Child with a Large Head: Cranial Computed Tomography Findings in 123 Nigerian Children with Macrocephaly","authors":"U. D. Itanyi, Habiba Momodu, Joshua O. Aiyekomogbon, H. Kolade-Yunusa, Ibrahim A. Yaro, Chinedu S. Aruah","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2983","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Differentiation of benign macrocephaly from other etiologies that may require prompt evaluation and intervention is very necessary to prevent long term neurological deficits. Cross-sectional imaging of the brain with Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended in evaluation of such patients. In resource poor-settings, CT is more readily available, hence the objective in this study is to evaluate the spectrum of CT findings in children with macrocephaly in our locality and document the possible etiologic factors that are amenable to surgical intervention. \u0000Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with clinical diagnosis of large head/macrocephaly who were evaluated with cranial CT in a tertiary hospital in Abuja from January 2018- June 2022. SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) version 9.4 was used for database management and analysis with P≤ 0.05 level of significance. \u0000Results: One hundred and twenty three children were included in the study with ages ranging from 2 days to 4 years. Majority of the children were males, 74 (60.2%). The predominant age group at presentation was between 0 to 6 months,78 (63.4%). Hydrocephalus was the main cause of macrocephaly in 110 patients (89.4%). Congenital hydrocephalus was predominant in 81 children (73.6%). Communicating hydrocephalus was noted in 44 children (40%) while 62 (56.4%) were non-communicating. The commonest level of obstruction was at the aqueduct of Sylvius and exit foramina in 22 (35.5%) patients each. There was no significant statistical difference between the genders(P=0.920). \u0000Conclusion: CT is a veritable tool in the evaluation of the child with a large head with an appreciable number of surgically amenable pathologies noted. Hydrocephalus is the commonest etiology of macrocephaly in our environment with the majority of the cases due to congenital abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2981
Mariam Orikpete, Benjamin O. Okino, C. Ututu, Chikamaram O. Okino, I. Isiekwe, C. Onyeaso
Background: The duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics are very important to the dental practitioner but there are limited information on the relationship between their satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. Aim: To assess the associations between the demographics of the Nigerian dental practitioners and their satisfactions with the duration of orthodontic treatment and their knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P < .05. Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and their age, gender and years of practice as dentists (P > .05). Also, no statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ knowledge of the methods of accelerated orthodontics and age (P > .05). Statistically significant associations were found between the male gender and knowledge of administration of biological substances and piezocision, while the highest number of methods of accelerated orthodontics was statistically significantly associated with the years of practice of dentistry (P < .05). Conclusion: Although no significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment, gender gave significant associations with knowledge of two methods of accelerated orthodontics, while years of practice of dentistry revealed the most significant associations with knowledge of accelerated orthodontics.
背景：正畸治疗的持续时间和加速正畸学的知识对牙科医生来说非常重要，但有关他们对正畸治疗持续时间的满意度和加速正畸学知识之间关系的信息却很有限。目的：评估尼日利亚牙科医生的人口统计学特征与他们对正畸治疗持续时间的满意度和对加速正畸知识的了解之间的关系。材料与方法：在 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期间，采用电子和物理方法对尼日利亚牙科医生进行了调查。使用 IBM SPSS 25 版分析了调查问卷中涉及正畸治疗时间满意度和加速正畸知识的内容与参与者人口统计学特征之间的关联。使用了描述性统计、方差分析和独立 t 检验，显著性水平设定为 P <.05。结果牙医对正畸治疗持续时间的满意度与其年龄、性别和牙医执业年限之间没有统计学意义（P > .05）。此外，牙医对加速正畸方法的了解程度与年龄之间也没有统计学意义（P > .05）。男性与生物物质管理和压电切削知识之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联，而牙医对加速正畸方法的最多了解与从业年限之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联（P < .05）。结论：虽然参与者的人口统计学特征与正畸治疗时间满意度之间没有发现明显的关联，但性别与对两种加速正畸方法的了解有明显的关联，而牙科执业年限与加速正畸方法的了解有最明显的关联。
{"title":"The Influence of Demographic Factors of Nigerian Dentists on their Satisfaction with Duration of Orthodontic Treatment and Knowledge of Accelerated Orthodontics","authors":"Mariam Orikpete, Benjamin O. Okino, C. Ututu, Chikamaram O. Okino, I. Isiekwe, C. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2981","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics are very important to the dental practitioner but there are limited information on the relationship between their satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. \u0000Aim: To assess the associations between the demographics of the Nigerian dental practitioners and their satisfactions with the duration of orthodontic treatment and their knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. \u0000Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P < .05. \u0000Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and their age, gender and years of practice as dentists (P > .05). Also, no statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ knowledge of the methods of accelerated orthodontics and age (P > .05). Statistically significant associations were found between the male gender and knowledge of administration of biological substances and piezocision, while the highest number of methods of accelerated orthodontics was statistically significantly associated with the years of practice of dentistry (P < .05). \u0000Conclusion: Although no significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment, gender gave significant associations with knowledge of two methods of accelerated orthodontics, while years of practice of dentistry revealed the most significant associations with knowledge of accelerated orthodontics.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2982
Benjamin O. Okino, Chikamaram O. Okino, C. Ututu, Mariam Orikpete, C. Onyeaso
Background: Although there are many studies on the reviving subject of accelerated orthodontics, there is paucity of information on the factors that could influence a dental practitioner’s perception of the concept. Aim: To investigate the influence of the demographic factors of some Nigerian dental practitioners on their perception of accelerated orthodontics. Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving their perception of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P< .05. Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and their perception of accelerated orthodontics (P > .05), except for age group of 40-49 that revealed significant association with the local use of some medications intraorally (P<.05). Conclusion/Recommendation: Generally, the participants’ demographics did not have significant influence on their perception of accelerated orthodontics, and further related studies are advocated.
背景：尽管有许多关于加速正畸的研究，但关于影响牙科医生对这一概念的看法的因素的信息却很少。目的：调查尼日利亚一些牙科医生的人口统计学因素对他们对加速正畸的看法的影响。材料与方法：在 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期间，采用电子和物理方法对尼日利亚牙科医生进行了调查。使用 IBM SPSS 25 版分析了调查问卷中涉及他们对加速正畸的看法的内容与参与者人口统计学特征之间的关联。使用了描述性统计、方差分析和独立 t 检验，显著性水平设定为 P< .05。结果除了 40-49 岁年龄组与口腔内局部使用某些药物有明显关联（P<.05）外，其他参与者的人口统计学特征与他们对加速正畸的看法之间没有统计学意义上的关联（P>.05）。结论/建议：总体而言，参与者的人口统计学特征对他们对加速正畸的认知没有显著影响，建议进一步开展相关研究。
{"title":"The Influence of the Demographic Factors of Nigerian Dental Practitioners on their Perception of Accelerated Orthodontics","authors":"Benjamin O. Okino, Chikamaram O. Okino, C. Ututu, Mariam Orikpete, C. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2982","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there are many studies on the reviving subject of accelerated orthodontics, there is paucity of information on the factors that could influence a dental practitioner’s perception of the concept. \u0000Aim: To investigate the influence of the demographic factors of some Nigerian dental practitioners on their perception of accelerated orthodontics. \u0000Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving their perception of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P< .05. \u0000Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and their perception of accelerated orthodontics (P > .05), except for age group of 40-49 that revealed significant association with the local use of some medications intraorally (P<.05). \u0000Conclusion/Recommendation: Generally, the participants’ demographics did not have significant influence on their perception of accelerated orthodontics, and further related studies are advocated.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2981
Mariam Orikpete, Benjamin O. Okino, C. Ututu, Chikamaram O. Okino, I. Isiekwe, C. Onyeaso
Background: The duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics are very important to the dental practitioner but there are limited information on the relationship between their satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. Aim: To assess the associations between the demographics of the Nigerian dental practitioners and their satisfactions with the duration of orthodontic treatment and their knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P < .05. Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and their age, gender and years of practice as dentists (P > .05). Also, no statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ knowledge of the methods of accelerated orthodontics and age (P > .05). Statistically significant associations were found between the male gender and knowledge of administration of biological substances and piezocision, while the highest number of methods of accelerated orthodontics was statistically significantly associated with the years of practice of dentistry (P < .05). Conclusion: Although no significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment, gender gave significant associations with knowledge of two methods of accelerated orthodontics, while years of practice of dentistry revealed the most significant associations with knowledge of accelerated orthodontics.
背景：正畸治疗的持续时间和加速正畸学的知识对牙科医生来说非常重要，但有关他们对正畸治疗持续时间的满意度和加速正畸学知识之间关系的信息却很有限。目的：评估尼日利亚牙科医生的人口统计学特征与他们对正畸治疗持续时间的满意度和对加速正畸知识的了解之间的关系。材料与方法：在 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期间，采用电子和物理方法对尼日利亚牙科医生进行了调查。使用 IBM SPSS 25 版分析了调查问卷中涉及正畸治疗时间满意度和加速正畸知识的内容与参与者人口统计学特征之间的关联。使用了描述性统计、方差分析和独立 t 检验，显著性水平设定为 P <.05。结果牙医对正畸治疗持续时间的满意度与其年龄、性别和牙医执业年限之间没有统计学意义（P > .05）。此外，牙医对加速正畸方法的了解程度与年龄之间也没有统计学意义（P > .05）。男性与生物物质管理和压电切削知识之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联，而牙医对加速正畸方法的最多了解与从业年限之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联（P < .05）。结论：虽然参与者的人口统计学特征与正畸治疗时间满意度之间没有发现明显的关联，但性别与对两种加速正畸方法的了解有明显的关联，而牙科执业年限与加速正畸方法的了解有最明显的关联。
{"title":"The Influence of Demographic Factors of Nigerian Dentists on their Satisfaction with Duration of Orthodontic Treatment and Knowledge of Accelerated Orthodontics","authors":"Mariam Orikpete, Benjamin O. Okino, C. Ututu, Chikamaram O. Okino, I. Isiekwe, C. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2981","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics are very important to the dental practitioner but there are limited information on the relationship between their satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. \u0000Aim: To assess the associations between the demographics of the Nigerian dental practitioners and their satisfactions with the duration of orthodontic treatment and their knowledge of accelerated orthodontics. \u0000Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and the knowledge of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P < .05. \u0000Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment and their age, gender and years of practice as dentists (P > .05). Also, no statistically significant associations were found between the dentists’ knowledge of the methods of accelerated orthodontics and age (P > .05). Statistically significant associations were found between the male gender and knowledge of administration of biological substances and piezocision, while the highest number of methods of accelerated orthodontics was statistically significantly associated with the years of practice of dentistry (P < .05). \u0000Conclusion: Although no significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and satisfaction with duration of orthodontic treatment, gender gave significant associations with knowledge of two methods of accelerated orthodontics, while years of practice of dentistry revealed the most significant associations with knowledge of accelerated orthodontics.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2982
Benjamin O. Okino, Chikamaram O. Okino, C. Ututu, Mariam Orikpete, C. Onyeaso
Background: Although there are many studies on the reviving subject of accelerated orthodontics, there is paucity of information on the factors that could influence a dental practitioner’s perception of the concept. Aim: To investigate the influence of the demographic factors of some Nigerian dental practitioners on their perception of accelerated orthodontics. Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving their perception of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P< .05. Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and their perception of accelerated orthodontics (P > .05), except for age group of 40-49 that revealed significant association with the local use of some medications intraorally (P<.05). Conclusion/Recommendation: Generally, the participants’ demographics did not have significant influence on their perception of accelerated orthodontics, and further related studies are advocated.
背景：尽管有许多关于加速正畸的研究，但关于影响牙科医生对这一概念的看法的因素的信息却很少。目的：调查尼日利亚一些牙科医生的人口统计学因素对他们对加速正畸的看法的影响。材料与方法：在 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期间，采用电子和物理方法对尼日利亚牙科医生进行了调查。使用 IBM SPSS 25 版分析了调查问卷中涉及他们对加速正畸的看法的内容与参与者人口统计学特征之间的关联。使用了描述性统计、方差分析和独立 t 检验，显著性水平设定为 P< .05。结果除了 40-49 岁年龄组与口腔内局部使用某些药物有明显关联（P<.05）外，其他参与者的人口统计学特征与他们对加速正畸的看法之间没有统计学意义上的关联（P>.05）。结论/建议：总体而言，参与者的人口统计学特征对他们对加速正畸的认知没有显著影响，建议进一步开展相关研究。
{"title":"The Influence of the Demographic Factors of Nigerian Dental Practitioners on their Perception of Accelerated Orthodontics","authors":"Benjamin O. Okino, Chikamaram O. Okino, C. Ututu, Mariam Orikpete, C. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2982","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there are many studies on the reviving subject of accelerated orthodontics, there is paucity of information on the factors that could influence a dental practitioner’s perception of the concept. \u0000Aim: To investigate the influence of the demographic factors of some Nigerian dental practitioners on their perception of accelerated orthodontics. \u0000Materials and Methods: Electronic and physical methods of surveying the Nigerian dental practitioners were carried out between January and June 2023. The contents of the questionnaire involving their perception of accelerated orthodontics were analysed for associations with the participants’ demographics, using the IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, the ANOVA and independent t-test were used with the significance level set at P< .05. \u0000Results: No statistically significant associations were found between the participants’ demographics and their perception of accelerated orthodontics (P > .05), except for age group of 40-49 that revealed significant association with the local use of some medications intraorally (P<.05). \u0000Conclusion/Recommendation: Generally, the participants’ demographics did not have significant influence on their perception of accelerated orthodontics, and further related studies are advocated.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2980
Aloni Alali, Benjamin Osaro, I. Jaja, Sarah Abere, A. Fajola
Introduction: The economic burden of managing hepatitis B has become a concern because viral hepatitis disease is a global public health problem that resulted in more deaths in 2016 than HIV and AIDs, Tuberculosis and Malaria individually. This study aimed at estimating the catastrophic health expenditure associated with managing hepatitis B, the predictors of the same and the impoverishing effect that management of hepatitis B has on affected households. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional survey involving 135 hepatitis B patients selected through a two-stage sampling. Data was collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The average age of the respondents is 41, 60% male, 40% female. About 71% were married, and nearly two-thirds had tertiary education. Most (90.9%) paid for treatment out-of-pocket, only 7.6% had health insurance, and 1.5% were employer-covered. 71.1% of households spent over 10% of total expenditure on hepatitis B treatment, leading to financial catastrophe. Prevalence of Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was 71.1%, with a 20% overshoot and a mean positive overshoot of 28.1%. Being employed was protective against CHE. (OR=0.71; 95%CI=1.12 – 1.97) Post-treatment, 25.2% fell into poverty, and 21.5% into extreme poverty. Conclusion: Majority of hepatitis B patients pay out-of-pocket for healthcare. A major proportion of them are in financial catastrophe as a result of paying for treatment. The heavy reliance on out-of-pocket payment exposes the households of hepatitis B patients to catastrophic health expenditure and treatment of the condition impoverishes the affected households.
{"title":"Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Impoverishment Amongst Hepatitis B Patients in a Resource-Poor Setting","authors":"Aloni Alali, Benjamin Osaro, I. Jaja, Sarah Abere, A. Fajola","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2980","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The economic burden of managing hepatitis B has become a concern because viral hepatitis disease is a global public health problem that resulted in more deaths in 2016 than HIV and AIDs, Tuberculosis and Malaria individually. This study aimed at estimating the catastrophic health expenditure associated with managing hepatitis B, the predictors of the same and the impoverishing effect that management of hepatitis B has on affected households. \u0000Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional survey involving 135 hepatitis B patients selected through a two-stage sampling. Data was collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. \u0000Results: The average age of the respondents is 41, 60% male, 40% female. About 71% were married, and nearly two-thirds had tertiary education. Most (90.9%) paid for treatment out-of-pocket, only 7.6% had health insurance, and 1.5% were employer-covered. 71.1% of households spent over 10% of total expenditure on hepatitis B treatment, leading to financial catastrophe. Prevalence of Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was 71.1%, with a 20% overshoot and a mean positive overshoot of 28.1%. Being employed was protective against CHE. (OR=0.71; 95%CI=1.12 – 1.97) Post-treatment, 25.2% fell into poverty, and 21.5% into extreme poverty. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of hepatitis B patients pay out-of-pocket for healthcare. A major proportion of them are in financial catastrophe as a result of paying for treatment. The heavy reliance on out-of-pocket payment exposes the households of hepatitis B patients to catastrophic health expenditure and treatment of the condition impoverishes the affected households.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2979
Rasmi T. R., Pavan Chand Attavar, Sona P. Hydrose, M. S. Kotian, Delna N. S.
Bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges in the healthcare sector due to increased antibiotic resistance and persistent infections. This literature review explores the potential of some herbs and their extracts as alternative approaches to combat biofilm formation and multidrug-resistant bacteria. A detailed literature search was conducted across databases for published studies till 2023, to identify studies on medicinal plants' anti-biofilm and antibacterial properties. Key compounds within plant extracts showing anti-biofilm activity and their mechanisms of action were highlighted. A combination of keywords, MeSH terms, and Boolean operators were used to formulate the search strategy. Numerous studies demonstrated the efficacy of medicinal plants in inhibiting biofilm formation and combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Active compounds such as benzyl (6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-octadecatrienoate, 3-benzyloxy-1-nitro-butan-2-ol, Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S), and others exhibited anti-biofilm and antibacterial potential. Extracts from Berginia ciliata, Clematis grata, and Clematis viticella showed over 80% inhibition of biofilm formation, while mango leaf extracts interfered with quorum sensing mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Salvadora persica extracts displayed significant biofilm inhibition against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans isolates. Medicinal plants and their extracts hold promise as alternative strategies to combat bacterial biofilms and multidrug-resistant bacteria. The identification of active compounds provides opportunities for further research and drug development. Molecular docking studies are crucial for understanding the molecular interactions between these compounds and bacterial targets, guiding the design of effective antibacterial agents based on natural compounds. Further research, including preclinical and clinical trials, is essential to validate the safety and efficacy of these extracts and their compounds for practical application in healthcare.
{"title":"Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Herbal Extracts as Alternatives to Current Treatment Approaches: A Narrative Review","authors":"Rasmi T. R., Pavan Chand Attavar, Sona P. Hydrose, M. S. Kotian, Delna N. S.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2979","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges in the healthcare sector due to increased antibiotic resistance and persistent infections. This literature review explores the potential of some herbs and their extracts as alternative approaches to combat biofilm formation and multidrug-resistant bacteria. A detailed literature search was conducted across databases for published studies till 2023, to identify studies on medicinal plants' anti-biofilm and antibacterial properties. Key compounds within plant extracts showing anti-biofilm activity and their mechanisms of action were highlighted. A combination of keywords, MeSH terms, and Boolean operators were used to formulate the search strategy. Numerous studies demonstrated the efficacy of medicinal plants in inhibiting biofilm formation and combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Active compounds such as benzyl (6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-octadecatrienoate, 3-benzyloxy-1-nitro-butan-2-ol, Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S), and others exhibited anti-biofilm and antibacterial potential. Extracts from Berginia ciliata, Clematis grata, and Clematis viticella showed over 80% inhibition of biofilm formation, while mango leaf extracts interfered with quorum sensing mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Salvadora persica extracts displayed significant biofilm inhibition against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans isolates. Medicinal plants and their extracts hold promise as alternative strategies to combat bacterial biofilms and multidrug-resistant bacteria. The identification of active compounds provides opportunities for further research and drug development. Molecular docking studies are crucial for understanding the molecular interactions between these compounds and bacterial targets, guiding the design of effective antibacterial agents based on natural compounds. Further research, including preclinical and clinical trials, is essential to validate the safety and efficacy of these extracts and their compounds for practical application in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2979
Rasmi T. R., Pavan Chand Attavar, Sona P. Hydrose, M. S. Kotian, Delna N. S.
Bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges in the healthcare sector due to increased antibiotic resistance and persistent infections. This literature review explores the potential of some herbs and their extracts as alternative approaches to combat biofilm formation and multidrug-resistant bacteria. A detailed literature search was conducted across databases for published studies till 2023, to identify studies on medicinal plants' anti-biofilm and antibacterial properties. Key compounds within plant extracts showing anti-biofilm activity and their mechanisms of action were highlighted. A combination of keywords, MeSH terms, and Boolean operators were used to formulate the search strategy. Numerous studies demonstrated the efficacy of medicinal plants in inhibiting biofilm formation and combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Active compounds such as benzyl (6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-octadecatrienoate, 3-benzyloxy-1-nitro-butan-2-ol, Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S), and others exhibited anti-biofilm and antibacterial potential. Extracts from Berginia ciliata, Clematis grata, and Clematis viticella showed over 80% inhibition of biofilm formation, while mango leaf extracts interfered with quorum sensing mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Salvadora persica extracts displayed significant biofilm inhibition against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans isolates. Medicinal plants and their extracts hold promise as alternative strategies to combat bacterial biofilms and multidrug-resistant bacteria. The identification of active compounds provides opportunities for further research and drug development. Molecular docking studies are crucial for understanding the molecular interactions between these compounds and bacterial targets, guiding the design of effective antibacterial agents based on natural compounds. Further research, including preclinical and clinical trials, is essential to validate the safety and efficacy of these extracts and their compounds for practical application in healthcare.
{"title":"Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Herbal Extracts as Alternatives to Current Treatment Approaches: A Narrative Review","authors":"Rasmi T. R., Pavan Chand Attavar, Sona P. Hydrose, M. S. Kotian, Delna N. S.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i2979","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges in the healthcare sector due to increased antibiotic resistance and persistent infections. This literature review explores the potential of some herbs and their extracts as alternative approaches to combat biofilm formation and multidrug-resistant bacteria. A detailed literature search was conducted across databases for published studies till 2023, to identify studies on medicinal plants' anti-biofilm and antibacterial properties. Key compounds within plant extracts showing anti-biofilm activity and their mechanisms of action were highlighted. A combination of keywords, MeSH terms, and Boolean operators were used to formulate the search strategy. Numerous studies demonstrated the efficacy of medicinal plants in inhibiting biofilm formation and combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Active compounds such as benzyl (6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-octadecatrienoate, 3-benzyloxy-1-nitro-butan-2-ol, Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S), and others exhibited anti-biofilm and antibacterial potential. Extracts from Berginia ciliata, Clematis grata, and Clematis viticella showed over 80% inhibition of biofilm formation, while mango leaf extracts interfered with quorum sensing mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Salvadora persica extracts displayed significant biofilm inhibition against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans isolates. Medicinal plants and their extracts hold promise as alternative strategies to combat bacterial biofilms and multidrug-resistant bacteria. The identification of active compounds provides opportunities for further research and drug development. Molecular docking studies are crucial for understanding the molecular interactions between these compounds and bacterial targets, guiding the design of effective antibacterial agents based on natural compounds. Further research, including preclinical and clinical trials, is essential to validate the safety and efficacy of these extracts and their compounds for practical application in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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