Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12960
E. Onosakponome, Tamunonengiye-Ofori Lenox-Prince, A. O. Ike, C. U. Nyenke, Ibiso Bruce
Occupation is a labour routinely engaged in by individuals, often as a result of training, and for the purpose of making or earning a living. A hazard is something that could cause harm. The aim of this study was to study the association between risk factors and occupational hazards. A well-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of details from the respondents about their socio-demographic data, risk assessment data and hazard occurrence. The risk assessment data (risk factors) studied include: PPE provision, PPE usage, working at multiple facilities, working overtime, sleep adequacy, exercise, waste segregation, processing of biohazard specimen in closed chamber, disposal of biohazard according to set standard, and good work posture. These risk factors were studied based on physical, biological and chemical hazards. The result showed that out of 10 studied risk factors, only 8 had significant associations (p-values<0.5) with occupational hazards; working overtime, sleep adequacy were the two risk factors amongst the 8 that had significant association with all the studied occupational hazard (physical, biological and chemical hazards). PPE provision, working at multiple facilities, and waste segregation had significant association with two occupational hazards. While use of PPE, exercise and processing of specimen in closed chamber had significant associations with physical, biological and chemical hazards respectively. Disposing of biohazard according to set standard and good posture had no relationship (p-values>0.05) with occupational hazard. This study has shown occupational hazards may have varying or shared risk factors, therefore, care must be taken to ensure risk at work place is minimally reduced.
{"title":"Association between Risk Factors and Occupational Hazards among Health Workers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"E. Onosakponome, Tamunonengiye-Ofori Lenox-Prince, A. O. Ike, C. U. Nyenke, Ibiso Bruce","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12960","url":null,"abstract":"Occupation is a labour routinely engaged in by individuals, often as a result of training, and for the purpose of making or earning a living. A hazard is something that could cause harm. The aim of this study was to study the association between risk factors and occupational hazards. A well-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of details from the respondents about their socio-demographic data, risk assessment data and hazard occurrence. The risk assessment data (risk factors) studied include: PPE provision, PPE usage, working at multiple facilities, working overtime, sleep adequacy, exercise, waste segregation, processing of biohazard specimen in closed chamber, disposal of biohazard according to set standard, and good work posture. These risk factors were studied based on physical, biological and chemical hazards. The result showed that out of 10 studied risk factors, only 8 had significant associations (p-values<0.5) with occupational hazards; working overtime, sleep adequacy were the two risk factors amongst the 8 that had significant association with all the studied occupational hazard (physical, biological and chemical hazards). PPE provision, working at multiple facilities, and waste segregation had significant association with two occupational hazards. While use of PPE, exercise and processing of specimen in closed chamber had significant associations with physical, biological and chemical hazards respectively. Disposing of biohazard according to set standard and good posture had no relationship (p-values>0.05) with occupational hazard. This study has shown occupational hazards may have varying or shared risk factors, therefore, care must be taken to ensure risk at work place is minimally reduced.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12962
Sultan Khamis Muki, Nsubuga Haroonah, I. Hemed
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) stand as a formidable global public health challenge, casting a shadow over populations and contributing significantly to global mortality rates. Among the primary culprits in this health crisis are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer. This study zeroes in on a critical facet of this challenge - the staff capacity and management of diabetic patients at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in the Urban District of Unguja, Zanzibar. The urgency of this research is accentuated by the staggering statistic that approximately 415 million people worldwide are grappling with diabetes, catapulting it into the forefront of global health emergencies in the twenty-first century. In response to this pressing need, 205 questionnaires were distributed among diabetes health workers at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, creating a comprehensive foundation for analysis. Employing statistical techniques with SPSS version 26, the study sought to unravel the intricate landscape of staff knowledge and the challenges faced in managing diabetic patients. The findings of the study paint a nuanced picture, revealing that 38.6% of the staff possessed specialized knowledge in managing diabetic patients, while 61.4% had general knowledge. Alarmingly, only 36.3% of diabetic health workers were available for the management of diabetic patients. The study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges faced by the staff, with issues related to equipment, drugs, support from relatives, psychotherapy treatment, and drug adherence and compliance all surfacing as significant concerns, reported by varying percentages. In the face of these challenges, the study underscores a compelling message: the critical importance of hospital management in recruiting staff with expertise in diabetic treatment and care. This strategic hiring approach is seen as a linchpin for ensuring the efficient and effective management of diabetic patients. Moreover, the study advocates for ensuring the availability of adequate equipment, medical supplies, and materials essential for investigating diabetes and its complications, such as diabetic foot, renal failure, and cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive approach is deemed crucial for providing holistic care to patients grappling with the complexities of diabetes.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是一项严峻的全球公共卫生挑战，给人口蒙上了阴影，并大大提高了全球死亡率。造成这一健康危机的罪魁祸首包括心血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸道疾病和癌症。本研究聚焦于这一挑战的一个重要方面--桑给巴尔岛翁古贾城区 Mnazi Mmoja 医院工作人员的能力和对糖尿病患者的管理。全球约有 4.15 亿人患有糖尿病，这一惊人的统计数字使这项研究的紧迫性更加突出，糖尿病已成为 21 世纪全球健康紧急事件的首要问题。为了满足这一迫切需求，我们在 Mnazi Mmoja 医院的糖尿病医护人员中发放了 205 份调查问卷，为分析奠定了全面的基础。研究采用了 SPSS 26 版的统计技术，试图揭示工作人员在管理糖尿病患者方面所掌握的知识和面临的挑战。 研究结果显示，38.6%的员工拥有管理糖尿病患者的专业知识，61.4%的员工拥有一般知识。令人担忧的是，只有 36.3% 的糖尿病医护人员可以管理糖尿病患者。研究揭示了医护人员面临的多方面挑战，其中与设备、药物、亲属支持、心理治疗、药物依从性和依从性有关的问题都是重要的关注点，报告的比例各不相同。面对这些挑战，研究强调了一个令人信服的信息：医院管理层在招聘具有糖尿病治疗和护理专业知识的员工方面至关重要。这种战略性的招聘方法被视为确保糖尿病患者得到高效管理的关键。此外，研究还提倡确保提供充足的设备、医疗用品和材料，这些对于调查糖尿病及其并发症（如糖尿病足、肾功能衰竭和心血管疾病）至关重要。这种综合方法被认为是为复杂的糖尿病患者提供全面护理的关键。
{"title":"Staff Capacity and Management of Diabetic Patients at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in the Urban District of Unguja, Zanzibar","authors":"Sultan Khamis Muki, Nsubuga Haroonah, I. Hemed","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12962","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) stand as a formidable global public health challenge, casting a shadow over populations and contributing significantly to global mortality rates. Among the primary culprits in this health crisis are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer. This study zeroes in on a critical facet of this challenge - the staff capacity and management of diabetic patients at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in the Urban District of Unguja, Zanzibar. The urgency of this research is accentuated by the staggering statistic that approximately 415 million people worldwide are grappling with diabetes, catapulting it into the forefront of global health emergencies in the twenty-first century. In response to this pressing need, 205 questionnaires were distributed among diabetes health workers at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, creating a comprehensive foundation for analysis. Employing statistical techniques with SPSS version 26, the study sought to unravel the intricate landscape of staff knowledge and the challenges faced in managing diabetic patients. The findings of the study paint a nuanced picture, revealing that 38.6% of the staff possessed specialized knowledge in managing diabetic patients, while 61.4% had general knowledge. Alarmingly, only 36.3% of diabetic health workers were available for the management of diabetic patients. The study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges faced by the staff, with issues related to equipment, drugs, support from relatives, psychotherapy treatment, and drug adherence and compliance all surfacing as significant concerns, reported by varying percentages. In the face of these challenges, the study underscores a compelling message: the critical importance of hospital management in recruiting staff with expertise in diabetic treatment and care. This strategic hiring approach is seen as a linchpin for ensuring the efficient and effective management of diabetic patients. Moreover, the study advocates for ensuring the availability of adequate equipment, medical supplies, and materials essential for investigating diabetes and its complications, such as diabetic foot, renal failure, and cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive approach is deemed crucial for providing holistic care to patients grappling with the complexities of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12961
Hakeem Babatunde Fewehinmi, P. Okoh, L. Oghenemavwe, Lekpa Kingdom David, Michael Anozie Amadi, C. A. Oparaocha, C. E. Ebieto, K. A. Bobbo, N. Asiwe
Background: Facial analysis defines the measurement of soft tissue in the face used in forensics, anthropology, artistic design, and facial reconstruction. The study aims to evaluate the sexual differences in facial parameters among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. Methods: 400 (200 males and 200 females) subjects of Igbo origin volunteered for the study. Each subject's frontal view photographs were taken in the Natural Head Position (NHP) and analyzed using Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 to evaluate the nasal width, nasal height, mouth width, facial width, facial height, inner canthal distance, and outer canthal distance. Data obtained were analyzed with IBM SPSS (version 23) and independent T-test as an inferential statistic. Results: The result showed that NW was (M=5.16±0.65, F=5.34±0.53, t=-2.91, p=0.00), NH was (M=5.61±0.62, F=5.26±0.57, t=5.92, p=0.00), MW was (M=6.64±0.7, F=6.54±0.71, t=1.46, p=0.14), FW was (M=16.17±1.31, F=15.07±2.04, t=6.39, p=0.00), FH was (M=16.63±1.11, F=16.08±1.31, t=4.36, p=0.00), En was (M=4.62±0.46, F=4.31±0.47, t=6.75, p=0.00) and Ex was (M=12.23±0.86, F=12.16±1.01, t=0.82, p=0.41). Conclusion: The nasal width and Height, facial width and height, and inner canthal distance show gender differences among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. This study will have a practical application in Forensics, Anthropology, Artistic and Industrial design, and to medical professionals involved in facial reconstruction.
背景：面部分析是指对面部软组织的测量，用于法医学、人类学、艺术设计和面部重建。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚伊格博族面部参数的性别差异。 方法：400 名（200 名男性和 200 名女性）伊格博族受试者自愿参加研究。每个受试者都在自然头位（NHP）下拍摄了正面照片，并使用 Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 进行分析，以评估鼻宽、鼻高、嘴宽、脸宽、脸高、内眼距和外眼距。数据采用 IBM SPSS（23 版）进行分析，并以独立 T 检验作为推断统计。 结果显示结果显示，NW为（M=5.16±0.65，F=5.34±0.53，t=-2.91，p=0.00），NH为（M=5.61±0.62，F=5.26±0.57，t=5.92，p=0.00），MW为（M=6.64±0.7，F=6.54±0.71，t=1.46，p=0.14），FW为（M=16.17±1.31，F=15.07±2.04，t=6.39，P=0.00），FH 为（M=16.63±1.11，F=16.08±1.31，t=4.36，P=0.00），En 为（M=4.62±0.46，F=4.31±0.47，t=6.75，P=0.00），Ex 为（M=12.23±0.86，F=12.16±1.01，t=0.82，P=0.41）。 结论尼日利亚伊格博族的鼻宽、鼻高、面宽、面高和眼内距显示出性别差异。这项研究将在法医学、人类学、艺术和工业设计以及从事面部重建的医疗专业人员中得到实际应用。
{"title":"Facial Analysis of the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria for the Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism","authors":"Hakeem Babatunde Fewehinmi, P. Okoh, L. Oghenemavwe, Lekpa Kingdom David, Michael Anozie Amadi, C. A. Oparaocha, C. E. Ebieto, K. A. Bobbo, N. Asiwe","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12961","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Facial analysis defines the measurement of soft tissue in the face used in forensics, anthropology, artistic design, and facial reconstruction. The study aims to evaluate the sexual differences in facial parameters among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. Methods: 400 (200 males and 200 females) subjects of Igbo origin volunteered for the study. Each subject's frontal view photographs were taken in the Natural Head Position (NHP) and analyzed using Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 to evaluate the nasal width, nasal height, mouth width, facial width, facial height, inner canthal distance, and outer canthal distance. Data obtained were analyzed with IBM SPSS (version 23) and independent T-test as an inferential statistic. Results: The result showed that NW was (M=5.16±0.65, F=5.34±0.53, t=-2.91, p=0.00), NH was (M=5.61±0.62, F=5.26±0.57, t=5.92, p=0.00), MW was (M=6.64±0.7, F=6.54±0.71, t=1.46, p=0.14), FW was (M=16.17±1.31, F=15.07±2.04, t=6.39, p=0.00), FH was (M=16.63±1.11, F=16.08±1.31, t=4.36, p=0.00), En was (M=4.62±0.46, F=4.31±0.47, t=6.75, p=0.00) and Ex was (M=12.23±0.86, F=12.16±1.01, t=0.82, p=0.41). Conclusion: The nasal width and Height, facial width and height, and inner canthal distance show gender differences among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. This study will have a practical application in Forensics, Anthropology, Artistic and Industrial design, and to medical professionals involved in facial reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12959
Kumar H. R., Soma M., Saw M. O.
Liver abscess can be divided into pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess. The common organisms that cause pyogenic liver abscess include Escherichia Coli, with amoebic liver abscess being caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The diagnosis is made by ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. The treatment can be divided into medical therapy which involves percutaneous drainage and intravenous antibiotics, and surgical therapy which includes surgical drainage either by open or laparoscopic surgery. Surgical drainage is indicated for patients who have failed medical therapy. We have conducted this review article to look at the current management of liver abscess with regards to the role of percutaneous drainage and surgical drainage.
{"title":"Current Management of Liver Abscess: A Narrative Review","authors":"Kumar H. R., Soma M., Saw M. O.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12959","url":null,"abstract":"Liver abscess can be divided into pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess. The common organisms that cause pyogenic liver abscess include Escherichia Coli, with amoebic liver abscess being caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The diagnosis is made by ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. The treatment can be divided into medical therapy which involves percutaneous drainage and intravenous antibiotics, and surgical therapy which includes surgical drainage either by open or laparoscopic surgery. Surgical drainage is indicated for patients who have failed medical therapy. We have conducted this review article to look at the current management of liver abscess with regards to the role of percutaneous drainage and surgical drainage.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12958
Abdulrahman Mohammed Aljameeli
This study aimed to assess the impact of virtual clinic on the services'` users during the Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic in health care centers in Riyadh. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the study sample consisted of 100 individuals who used services in health care centers in Riyadh. The researcher used the SPSS statistical package program. The researcher reached to several results, the most important of which are; virtual clinics are very effective in improving the delivery of user services. Most of study subjects are fully treated despite not being seen in person. More than two thirds of the study sample 68% consider that the length of time spent with the therapist or one of his family members is a good period. The treatment was explained by the virtual clinic staff to a very good degree (67%). The degree of accuracy, care and skill of the virtual clinic staff is high (69%). Courtesy, respect, sensitivity and friendliness are provided by the virtual clinic staff at an excellent rate of 88%. The virtual clinic staff is distinguished by a very high respect for patient privacy (88%). The staff responds to the patient's questions about the treatment plan effectively and to a high degree (99%). The degree of the comprehensive treatment experience of the study sample using a virtual clinic is very good and excellent (81%). The researcher also concluded several recommendations, including; - Providing adequate time for health care users by health care providers.
{"title":"The Impact of Virtual Clinic on the Services` Users during Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Health Care Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdulrahman Mohammed Aljameeli","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12958","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the impact of virtual clinic on the services'` users during the Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic in health care centers in Riyadh. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the study sample consisted of 100 individuals who used services in health care centers in Riyadh. The researcher used the SPSS statistical package program. The researcher reached to several results, the most important of which are; virtual clinics are very effective in improving the delivery of user services. Most of study subjects are fully treated despite not being seen in person. More than two thirds of the study sample 68% consider that the length of time spent with the therapist or one of his family members is a good period. The treatment was explained by the virtual clinic staff to a very good degree (67%). The degree of accuracy, care and skill of the virtual clinic staff is high (69%). Courtesy, respect, sensitivity and friendliness are provided by the virtual clinic staff at an excellent rate of 88%. The virtual clinic staff is distinguished by a very high respect for patient privacy (88%). The staff responds to the patient's questions about the treatment plan effectively and to a high degree (99%). The degree of the comprehensive treatment experience of the study sample using a virtual clinic is very good and excellent (81%). The researcher also concluded several recommendations, including; - Providing adequate time for health care users by health care providers.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12957
Ahmed Yassin Alrefaei, Yasir Wadi Alngzi Alanazi, Muhammad Sari Zahzum Alanazi, M. S. Alshahrani
Background: There is debate over the relationship between diabetes and the main forms of dementia. The cognitive alterations associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mostly impact mental flexibility, mental speed, and learning and memory. Objectives: To ascertain the degree of the link between diabetes and dementia, we thoroughly reviewed papers on the incidence of dementia in individuals with diabetes mellitus in this study. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was employed throughout this comprehensive process. Results and Interpretation: We included ten studies with a total of 173797 participants, and 78828 (45.4%) were males. All of the included studies were prospective cohorts. For diabetic patients, early-onset diabetes, poor glycemic management, and diabetes status are risk factors for dementia development. There was also a higher chance of dementia development in those with mild to severe motor cognitive impairment and hereditary variables. Longitudinal studies that involve comprehensive evaluations of comorbid diseases and diabetes-related variables, as well as rigorous assessments of cognition—ideally in conjunction with neuroimaging—will be necessary for this process. This method will work best with large population-based cohort studies of older adults with diabetes and with longitudinal studies of at-risk groups that look at the development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, vascular disease, and cognitive decline.
{"title":"Overview of Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Developing Dementia: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ahmed Yassin Alrefaei, Yasir Wadi Alngzi Alanazi, Muhammad Sari Zahzum Alanazi, M. S. Alshahrani","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12957","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is debate over the relationship between diabetes and the main forms of dementia. The cognitive alterations associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mostly impact mental flexibility, mental speed, and learning and memory. Objectives: To ascertain the degree of the link between diabetes and dementia, we thoroughly reviewed papers on the incidence of dementia in individuals with diabetes mellitus in this study. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was employed throughout this comprehensive process. Results and Interpretation: We included ten studies with a total of 173797 participants, and 78828 (45.4%) were males. All of the included studies were prospective cohorts. For diabetic patients, early-onset diabetes, poor glycemic management, and diabetes status are risk factors for dementia development. There was also a higher chance of dementia development in those with mild to severe motor cognitive impairment and hereditary variables. Longitudinal studies that involve comprehensive evaluations of comorbid diseases and diabetes-related variables, as well as rigorous assessments of cognition—ideally in conjunction with neuroimaging—will be necessary for this process. This method will work best with large population-based cohort studies of older adults with diabetes and with longitudinal studies of at-risk groups that look at the development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, vascular disease, and cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12956
Fawaz Hassan Alamri, Omar Mowafaq Ahmed Alzu'bi, Naif Hussain Hamdi, Mohammed Y Alhabib
Background: Examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), diabetes, and diabetic complications is crucial because OSA and diabetes have become more common in recent years. In particular, we detail the contemporary and longitudinal research and give a thorough evaluation of the classical studies. Objectives: To assess OSA as a risk factor for developing diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to compare gender differences. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was employed throughout this comprehensive process. Results and interpretation: We included nine studies with a total of 45530 patients, and 25420 (55.8%) were males. People with OSA are more prone to develop diabetes. This risk was more prevalent in women and had a stronger correlation with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although gender may have a major impact on this relationship in women, it is unclear whether the correlation between OSA and diabetes in the elderly is different from that in the young and middle-aged. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies examine possible causative relationships between OSA and diabetic complications, how treating OSA influences the emergence of these problems, and how age influences the association between OSA and diabetes. We think that treating these common comorbidities will improve diabetic patients' prognosis and quality of life.
背景：近年来，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）和糖尿病越来越常见，因此研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）、糖尿病和糖尿病并发症之间的关系至关重要。我们特别详细介绍了当代和纵向研究，并对经典研究进行了全面评估。 研究目的评估 OSA 作为糖尿病（尤其是 2 型糖尿病 (T2D)）发病风险因素的作用，并比较性别差异。 研究方法系统检索了 PubMed、SCOPUS、Web of Science 和 Science Direct 上的相关文献。在整个综合过程中使用了雷扬 QRCI。 结果与解释：我们纳入了九项研究，共有 45530 名患者，其中 25420 人（55.8%）为男性。患有 OSA 的人更容易患糖尿病。这种风险在女性中更为普遍，并且与肥胖和代谢综合征有更强的相关性。虽然性别可能会对女性的这种关系产生重大影响，但目前还不清楚老年 OSA 与糖尿病之间的相关性是否有别于中青年。因此，建议今后的研究应探讨 OSA 与糖尿病并发症之间可能存在的因果关系，治疗 OSA 如何影响这些问题的出现，以及年龄如何影响 OSA 与糖尿病之间的关联。我们认为，治疗这些常见合并症将改善糖尿病患者的预后和生活质量。
{"title":"Updates on Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Developing Diabetes: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fawaz Hassan Alamri, Omar Mowafaq Ahmed Alzu'bi, Naif Hussain Hamdi, Mohammed Y Alhabib","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12956","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), diabetes, and diabetic complications is crucial because OSA and diabetes have become more common in recent years. In particular, we detail the contemporary and longitudinal research and give a thorough evaluation of the classical studies. Objectives: To assess OSA as a risk factor for developing diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to compare gender differences. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was employed throughout this comprehensive process. Results and interpretation: We included nine studies with a total of 45530 patients, and 25420 (55.8%) were males. People with OSA are more prone to develop diabetes. This risk was more prevalent in women and had a stronger correlation with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although gender may have a major impact on this relationship in women, it is unclear whether the correlation between OSA and diabetes in the elderly is different from that in the young and middle-aged. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies examine possible causative relationships between OSA and diabetic complications, how treating OSA influences the emergence of these problems, and how age influences the association between OSA and diabetes. We think that treating these common comorbidities will improve diabetic patients' prognosis and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11952
Peng Chen, Yao Wang, Jingjing Fu, Ju Tian, Liang Li, Tianning Pu, Mingyue Wang, Chao Zheng, Yiran Zhang, Jie Chen
Background: Carotid occlusion is a severe condition closely associated with ischemic stroke. The prompt identification of patients presenting with extracranial carotid artery occlusion and the evaluation of collateral circulation compensation in these individuals bear significant clinical importance for subsequent patient management. Ultrasound offers significant advantages in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid artery stenosis and occlusion, while Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography (TCCS) is increasingly pivotal in assessing intracranial artery stenosis and determining blood flow direction. The objective of our study was to assess the concordance between ultrasound combined with TCCS and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in evaluating extracranial carotid occlusion and intracranial collateral circulation. Methods: Patients with severe stenosis in the extracranial carotid artery were recruited for our study. All patients suspected of having occlusion in the extracranial carotid arteries underwent ultrasound, transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, overall accuracy, and kappa value were employed to assess the effectiveness and consistency of ultrasound and TCCS compared to DSA. Results: Ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 85.4%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 90.4%, and overall accuracy of 93.9% in the diagnosis of extracranial artery occlusion. The kappa value was calculated as 0.87 (P＜0.001), indicating substantial agreement between ultrasound and DSA measurements for consistency assessment. Transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of 97.6%, 100%, 100%, 66.7%, and 97.7% respectively in evaluating collateral circulation in patients with carotid artery occlusion. The kappa value was 0.79 (P＜0.001) in assessing the collateral circulation in patients with occluded carotid arteries. Conclusions: Ultrasound proved to be a valuable tool for evaluating patients with occluded carotid arteries, while TCCS emerged as a reliable approach for assessing collateral pathways in individuals with extracranial carotid artery occlusion.
{"title":"Assessment of Collateral Pathways in Carotid Occlusion: Investigating the Clinical Significance of Ultrasound and TCCS","authors":"Peng Chen, Yao Wang, Jingjing Fu, Ju Tian, Liang Li, Tianning Pu, Mingyue Wang, Chao Zheng, Yiran Zhang, Jie Chen","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11952","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carotid occlusion is a severe condition closely associated with ischemic stroke. The prompt identification of patients presenting with extracranial carotid artery occlusion and the evaluation of collateral circulation compensation in these individuals bear significant clinical importance for subsequent patient management. Ultrasound offers significant advantages in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid artery stenosis and occlusion, while Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography (TCCS) is increasingly pivotal in assessing intracranial artery stenosis and determining blood flow direction. The objective of our study was to assess the concordance between ultrasound combined with TCCS and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in evaluating extracranial carotid occlusion and intracranial collateral circulation. Methods: Patients with severe stenosis in the extracranial carotid artery were recruited for our study. All patients suspected of having occlusion in the extracranial carotid arteries underwent ultrasound, transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, overall accuracy, and kappa value were employed to assess the effectiveness and consistency of ultrasound and TCCS compared to DSA. Results: Ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 85.4%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 90.4%, and overall accuracy of 93.9% in the diagnosis of extracranial artery occlusion. The kappa value was calculated as 0.87 (P＜0.001), indicating substantial agreement between ultrasound and DSA measurements for consistency assessment. Transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of 97.6%, 100%, 100%, 66.7%, and 97.7% respectively in evaluating collateral circulation in patients with carotid artery occlusion. The kappa value was 0.79 (P＜0.001) in assessing the collateral circulation in patients with occluded carotid arteries. Conclusions: Ultrasound proved to be a valuable tool for evaluating patients with occluded carotid arteries, while TCCS emerged as a reliable approach for assessing collateral pathways in individuals with extracranial carotid artery occlusion.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11953
Sara Benchidmi, Yolande Salome Mimboe, Yasmine Lamghari, Saad Assila, Najat Lamalmi, Ghizlane Jaabouti, Sara Aminou, Ouidad Elqorchi, Naima EL. Hafidi, C. Mahraoui, S. Benchekroun
Chediak Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by biallelic mutations in the highly conserved LYST gene. It is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism and immunodeficiency. Approximately 500 cases are reported worldwide. Here we report a case of a twelve years old girl, hospitalized in children’s hospital of Rabat Morocco, who suffered from Chediak higashi syndrome presented in its accelerated phase, the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical characteristics, hair analysis, and the presence of giant inclusions in peripheral blood smear and in the bone marrow. The only treatment reportedly leading to cure of CHS has been allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Without it, CHS is usually fatal before the age of 10 years because of “accelerated phase” HLH induced by infection. An early diagnosis can improve its prognosis by performing an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before reaching the accelerated phase.
{"title":"Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: A Case Presenting in Accelerated Phase","authors":"Sara Benchidmi, Yolande Salome Mimboe, Yasmine Lamghari, Saad Assila, Najat Lamalmi, Ghizlane Jaabouti, Sara Aminou, Ouidad Elqorchi, Naima EL. Hafidi, C. Mahraoui, S. Benchekroun","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11953","url":null,"abstract":"Chediak Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by biallelic mutations in the highly conserved LYST gene. It is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism and immunodeficiency. Approximately 500 cases are reported worldwide. Here we report a case of a twelve years old girl, hospitalized in children’s hospital of Rabat Morocco, who suffered from Chediak higashi syndrome presented in its accelerated phase, the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical characteristics, hair analysis, and the presence of giant inclusions in peripheral blood smear and in the bone marrow. The only treatment reportedly leading to cure of CHS has been allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Without it, CHS is usually fatal before the age of 10 years because of “accelerated phase” HLH induced by infection. An early diagnosis can improve its prognosis by performing an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before reaching the accelerated phase.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11951
Hamida Mahamed Ali, Juma Joseph, Magu Dennis
Introduction: Cases of Covid-19 recurrence have become prevalent. This study seeks to establish the level of awareness towards Covid-19 recurrence among adults in Machakos County in Kenya. The study was guided by the health belief model and socio-ecological model. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The study adopted a quantitative approach. The target population in this study was 7, 428 Covid-19 patients in Machakos County. The sample size for the study was 418 respondents. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics comprising of frequencies and percentages. Chi-Square test was used in determining the association between the independent and dependent variables of the study. Results: From the findings, the overall Covid-19 recurrence was 11.1%. Overall knowledge, attitude and practice levels towards Covid-19 management and control were high. The study found that gender, level of education, engaging in any form of drugs/substance use and abuse and practices towards Covid-19 management and control were the significant host status determinants of Covid-19 recurrence. The study also found that staff shortages, proximity challenges and contaminated hospital environment were the significant facility determinants of Covid-19 recurrence. Further, it was evident from the study that the significant clinical determinants of Covid-19 recurrence included oxygen treatment for Covid-19, and longer duration in hospital during the first Covid-19 infection. Conclusions and Recommendation: The study recommends that the government should invest more in health facilities in terms of human resource for health personnel and equipment for treatment. The study recommends that future studies should be experimental so as to detect the actual biochemical concentrations for Covid-19 patients and recurrence rates among patients.
{"title":"Level of Awareness towards Covid-19 Recurrence among Adults COVID-19 Patients in Machakos Country in Kenya","authors":"Hamida Mahamed Ali, Juma Joseph, Magu Dennis","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11951","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cases of Covid-19 recurrence have become prevalent. This study seeks to establish the level of awareness towards Covid-19 recurrence among adults in Machakos County in Kenya. The study was guided by the health belief model and socio-ecological model. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The study adopted a quantitative approach. The target population in this study was 7, 428 Covid-19 patients in Machakos County. The sample size for the study was 418 respondents. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics comprising of frequencies and percentages. Chi-Square test was used in determining the association between the independent and dependent variables of the study. Results: From the findings, the overall Covid-19 recurrence was 11.1%. Overall knowledge, attitude and practice levels towards Covid-19 management and control were high. The study found that gender, level of education, engaging in any form of drugs/substance use and abuse and practices towards Covid-19 management and control were the significant host status determinants of Covid-19 recurrence. The study also found that staff shortages, proximity challenges and contaminated hospital environment were the significant facility determinants of Covid-19 recurrence. Further, it was evident from the study that the significant clinical determinants of Covid-19 recurrence included oxygen treatment for Covid-19, and longer duration in hospital during the first Covid-19 infection. Conclusions and Recommendation: The study recommends that the government should invest more in health facilities in terms of human resource for health personnel and equipment for treatment. The study recommends that future studies should be experimental so as to detect the actual biochemical concentrations for Covid-19 patients and recurrence rates among patients.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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