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A Semi-Supervised Siamese Network for Complex Aircraft System Fault Detection with Limited Labeled Fault Samples 半监督Siamese网络在有限标记故障样本下的复杂飞机系统故障检测
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.17531/ein/174382
Xinyun Zhu, Jianzhong Sun, Hanchun Hu, Chunhua Li
Aircraft onboard systems typically have limited labeled fault samples and large amounts of unlabeled data. To better utilize the information contained in limited labeled fault samples, a deep learning-based semi-supervised fault detection method is proposed, which leverages a small number of labeled fault samples to enhance its performance. A novel sample pairing strategy is introduced to improve algorithm performance by iteratively utilizing fault samples. A comprehensive loss function is employed to accurately reconstruct normal samples and effectively separate fault samples. The results of a case study using real data from a commercial aircraft fleet demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over existing techniques, with improvements of approximately 16.7% in AP, 9.5% in AUC, and 19.2% in F1 score. Ablation studies confirm that performance can be further improved by incorporating additional labeled fault samples during training. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates good generalization ability.
飞机机载系统通常只有有限的已标记故障样本和大量未标记数据。为了更好地利用有限的标记故障样本所包含的信息,提出了一种基于深度学习的半监督故障检测方法,该方法利用少量的标记故障样本来提高故障检测的性能。引入了一种新的样本配对策略,通过迭代利用故障样本来提高算法的性能。采用综合损失函数准确重构正常样本,有效分离故障样本。使用商用飞机机队的真实数据进行的案例研究结果表明,所提出的方法优于现有技术,AP提高了约16.7%,AUC提高了9.5%,F1得分提高了19.2%。消融研究证实,在训练过程中加入额外的标记故障样本可以进一步提高性能。此外,该算法具有良好的泛化能力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of different roller end-flange constructions on the fatigue life of the cylindrical roller bearings: A novel flange deformation formula 不同滚子端缘结构对圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命的影响:一种新的法兰变形公式
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-22 DOI: 10.17531/ein/174296
Ramazan BAYRAK, Ahmet Sagirli
This paper performs the fatigue life analysis of the radial Cylindrical Roller Bearings (CRBs) with consideration of various roller end-flange shapes such as toroidal-toroidal, spherical-toroidal, and spherical-conical. A novel formula for each flange contact deformation in cylindrical roller bearing with different roller end-flange geometry including toroidal geometry is developed. Inner ring misalignment angle and radial deflection results obtained from the present study are verified with numerical and experimental results from the literature. The results approach to that of literature when the flange is changed from toroidal geometry to conical geometry. Using formulas developed in the present study, the effect of various roller end-flange geometries on the bearing life is investigated for different external loadings. It is observed that the bearing life increases when the roller end and flange are changed to toroidal geometry.
考虑环-环面、球-环面、球-圆锥等不同的滚子端缘形状,对径向圆柱滚子轴承进行了疲劳寿命分析。提出了不同滚子端缘几何形状(包括环面几何形状)圆柱滚子轴承各凸缘接触变形的计算公式。本文所得到的内圈不对准角和径向挠度的计算结果与文献中的数值和实验结果进行了验证。当法兰由环面形状改为圆锥形状时,计算结果与文献接近。利用本研究中开发的公式,研究了不同外载荷下不同滚子端缘几何形状对轴承寿命的影响。观察到,当滚子端和法兰改为环面几何形状时,轴承寿命增加。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation into the Flow of Gas-Solids during Dry Dust Collectors Exploitation, as Applied in Domestic Energy Facilities – Numerical Analyses 国内能源设施干式除尘器开发过程中气固流动的数值分析
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.17531/ein/174095
Albert Maćkowiak, Mariusz Kostrzewski, Artur Bugała, Norbert Chamier-Gliszczyński, Dorota Bugała, Jarosław Jajczyk, Waldemar Woźniak, Grzegorz Dombek, Karol Nowak
The paper presents the results related to the simulation of dust-separating tangential cyclones: single cyclones of various geometries, and an axial multi-cyclone with fixed geometries and components. Its goal was to apply low-cost analyses for cyclones in industrial realization. Therefore, the presented research was applied with simulation methodology as a problem of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The models were analyzed using SolidWorks Flow Simulation software. The presented dust collectors are real-life objects, applied in industrial facilities. For a multi-cyclone, the increase in the number of blades, from 5 to 8, together with the change in the angle of a blade’s pitch i.e., 30° and 45°, resulted in dust concentration along the internal walls from just 10% for 5 blades up to c.a. 37.5% for 6 blades, and c.a. 50% for 8 blades, whereas the dust concentration in the device’s central part equals c.a. 20% for the last option. The model validation draws attention to the potential applicability of the software in flow issues alongside common and more complex numerical environments.
本文介绍了分离粉尘的切向旋流器的模拟结果:不同几何形状的单旋流器和固定几何形状和部件的轴向多旋流器。其目标是在工业实现中应用旋风的低成本分析。因此,本研究作为计算流体力学的一个问题,应用了仿真方法。采用SolidWorks Flow Simulation软件对模型进行分析。所提出的除尘器是现实生活中的对象,应用于工业设施。对于多旋流器,叶片数量从5个增加到8个,加上叶片俯角(30°和45°)的变化,导致沿内壁的粉尘浓度从5个叶片的10%增加到6个叶片的37.5%,8个叶片的50%,而设备中心部分的粉尘浓度等于最后一个选项的20%。模型验证使人们注意到该软件在流问题以及常见和更复杂的数值环境中的潜在适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Generative modelling of vibration signals in machine maintenance 机器维修中振动信号的生成建模
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.17531/ein/173488
Andrzej Adam Puchalski, IWONA KOMORSKA
The exponential development of technologies for the acquisition, collection, and processing of data from real-world objects is creating new perspectives in the field of machine maintenance. The Industrial Internet of Things is the source of a huge collection of measurement data. The performance of classification or regression algorithms needs to take into account the random nature of the process being modelled and any incomplete observability, especially in terms of failure states. The article highlights the practical possibilities of using generative artificial intelligence and deep machine learning systems to create synthetic measurement observations in monitoring the vibrations of rotating machinery to improve unbalanced databases. Variational Autoencoder VAE generative models with latent variables in the form of high-level input features of time-frequency spectra were studied. The mapping and generation algorithm was optimised and its effectiveness was tested in the practical solution of the task of diagnosing the three operating states of a demonstration gearbox.
从现实世界中获取、收集和处理数据的技术呈指数级发展,为机器维护领域创造了新的视角。工业物联网是海量测量数据的来源。分类或回归算法的性能需要考虑到被建模过程的随机性和任何不完全可观察性,特别是在失效状态方面。本文强调了使用生成式人工智能和深度机器学习系统在监测旋转机械振动中创建综合测量观察的实际可能性,以改善不平衡数据库。研究了以时频谱高级输入特征为潜在变量的变分自编码器VAE生成模型。对映射生成算法进行了优化,并在某示范齿轮箱三种运行状态诊断任务的实际解决中验证了其有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Deformation measurement system for UAV components to improve their safe operation 无人机部件变形测量系统,提高其安全运行
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.17531/ein/172358
Zbigniew Czyż, Patryk Jakubczak, Piotr Podolak, Krzysztof Skiba, Paweł Karpiński, Magda Droździel-Jurkiewicz, Mirosław Wendeker
The paper presents the authors’ method and test rig for performing the deformation analysis of unmanned aircraft fuselages. To conduct the analysis, the DIC system was used, as well as a test rig designed and constructed by the authors, equipped with a dedicated control and load control system. The article presents a description of the research capabilities of the test rig developed for testing the deformation of unmanned aircraft fuselages. Due to the specific operating conditions of the designed fuselage, the test rig developed allows the simulation of loads corresponding to different flight conditions. In addition, it is possible to change the forces acting on the fuselage simultaneously for all servos or each of them separately. Finally, results showing the displacement of component control points for the considered fuselage versions are presented. The tests carried out using the developed test rig allowed the verification of the maximum deformations.
本文介绍了对无人飞机机身进行变形分析的方法和试验台。为了进行分析,使用了DIC系统,以及由作者设计和建造的试验台,配备了专用的控制和负载控制系统。本文介绍了为测试无人飞机机身变形而研制的试验台的研究能力。由于所设计的机身具有特定的运行条件,因此所开发的试验台可以模拟不同飞行条件下的载荷。此外,还可以同时改变所有伺服器或每个伺服器分别作用在机身上的力。最后给出了所考虑的机身版本的部件控制点位移的计算结果。使用开发的测试平台进行的测试允许验证最大变形。
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引用次数: 1
Research on resilience model of UAV swarm based on complex network dynamics 基于复杂网络动力学的无人机群弹性模型研究
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.17531/ein/173125
Kunlun Wei, Tao Zhang, Chuanfu Zhang
The resilience of UAV swarms mainly revolves around ensuring stable and uninterrupted operations. Malicious attacks can implement the adverse impacts of potential threats through swarm communication links. In this context, the SIS (Susceptible → Infected → Susceptible) method is suitable for describing the information transmission within UAV swarms. An enhanced resilience model of the UAV swarm is proposed in this study, which incorporates the factors of self-dynamics, dynamics of topology, dynamics of information transmission, and SIS into the complex network model. The model proposed in this paper has the capability to effectively capture changes in the network topology as well as the dynamics of the system. The average number of susceptible drones is utilized as the metric to evaluate the resilience of the swarm. Furthermore, an experiment is conducted where a UAV swarm successfully carries out a surveillance mission. The proposed model not only enables the support of mission planning but also facilitates the design enhancements of UAV swarms.
无人机群的弹性主要围绕着保证稳定、不间断的运行。恶意攻击可以通过群通信链路实现潜在威胁的不良影响。在这种情况下,SIS(易感→感染→易感)方法适用于描述无人机群内的信息传递。本文提出了一种增强的无人机群弹性模型,该模型将自动态、拓扑动态、信息传递动态和SIS等因素纳入复杂网络模型。本文提出的模型能够有效地捕捉网络拓扑的变化以及系统的动态。利用易受影响无人机的平均数量作为衡量蜂群弹性的指标。此外,还进行了无人机群成功执行监视任务的实验。该模型不仅支持任务规划,而且有利于改进无人机群的设计。
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引用次数: 0
An integrated approach to estimate storage reliability with masked data from series system 基于串联系统屏蔽数据的存储可靠性综合估计方法
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17531/ein/172922
Yongjin Zhang, Ming Zhao
Storage reliability is of importance for the products that largely stay in storage in their total life-cycle such as warning systems for harmful radiation detection, etc. Usually, the field-testing data can be available, but the failure causes for a series system cannot be always known because of the masked information. In this paper, the storage reliability model with possibly initial failures is studied on the statistical analysis method when the masked data are considered. To optimize the use of the masked survival data from storage systems, a technique based on the least squares (LS) method with an EM-like algorithm, is proposed for the series system. The parametric estimation procedure based on the LS method is developed by applying the algorithm to update the testing data, and then the LS estimation for the initial reliability and failure rate of the components constituting the series system are investigated. The results should be useful for accurately evaluating the production reliability, identifying the production quality, and planning a storage environment.
对于有害辐射检测预警系统等在整个生命周期中大部分时间都处于存储状态的产品来说,存储可靠性至关重要。通常,现场测试数据是可用的,但由于屏蔽信息的存在,串联系统的故障原因并不总是可知的。本文采用统计分析的方法,研究了在考虑屏蔽数据的情况下,可能存在初始故障的存储可靠性模型。为了优化存储系统掩码幸存数据的使用,提出了一种基于最小二乘方法和类最小二乘算法的序列系统优化方法。通过对试验数据进行更新,开发了基于最小二乘方法的参数估计程序,并对串联系统组成部件的初始可靠性和故障率进行了最小二乘估计。其结果应有助于准确评估生产可靠性、识别生产质量和规划存储环境。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of a Carbon Fiber Prosthetic Running Blade for Enhanced Reliability 碳纤维假体运行叶片可靠性评估
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.17531/ein/172668
Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui, Ibrahim Abdullah Alnaser, Khalid Alluhydan
This study focuses on the development of a reliable prosthetic running blade primarily composed of carbon fiber. The reliable performance of novel prosthetic running blades has been evaluated by mechanical testing and finite element numerical modeling. The experimental analysis confirmed that these blades exhibit superior suitability for high-impact activities, demonstrating reliable load-bearing capacity and effective shock absorption properties. The tensile testing exhibited a linear elastic behavior of the composite material up to a strain of 0.075 mm/mm. Further, it was found that stress concentration areas and fracture points within the blade structure. Furthermore, numerical results revealed a maximum deflection of 29.60 mm that the blade can achieve. The kinetic energy loss during impact demonstrated an 8.5% decrease in blade kinetic energy, with the highest loss occurring at Vy = 30 m/s. Ultimately, this research aims to enhance the reliability, durability, and safety of prosthetic running blades, empowering athletes to reach new heights in sports.
本研究的重点是开发一种主要由碳纤维组成的可靠的假肢跑刃。通过力学试验和有限元数值模拟对新型假肢跑动叶片的可靠性能进行了评价。实验分析证实,这些叶片在高冲击活动中表现出卓越的适用性,表现出可靠的承载能力和有效的减震性能。拉伸试验表明,复合材料在应变为0.075 mm/mm时表现为线弹性。进一步发现叶片结构内部存在应力集中区和断裂点。此外,数值结果表明,叶片可以实现的最大挠度为29.60 mm。撞击过程中,叶片动能损失减小8.5%,在Vy = 30 m/s时损失最大。最终,本研究旨在提高假体跑步叶片的可靠性,耐用性和安全性,使运动员在运动中达到新的高度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the maintenance system readiness using the semi-Markov model taking into account hidden factors 考虑隐藏因素的半马尔可夫模型对维修系统准备状态的评价
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.17531/ein/172857
Edward Kozłowski, Anna Borucka, Piotr Oleszczuk, Tomasz Jałowiec
Modelling the time that the system remains in a given state using classical distributions is not always possible. In many cases, empirical distributions are multimodal due to the influence of external, hidden factors and the selection of the best classical distributions may lead to erroneous results. In the article the method of diagnosis of influence of hidden factors into sojourn time of semi-Markov models was presented. In order to capture hidden factors, the authors proposed to model the distributions of the sojourn time with a mixture of distributions, which is a significant novelty in relation to the studies presented in the literature. Hidden factors directly affect the reliability of technical systems. Detecting the existence of these factors enables more accurate modeling of system readiness. Paying attention to irregularities caused by hidden factors makes it possible to reduce system maintenance costs. Such a system model provides complete information and enables a reliable assessment of the system readiness and maintenance.
使用经典分布对系统保持在给定状态的时间进行建模并不总是可能的。在许多情况下,由于外部、隐藏因素的影响,经验分布是多模态的,选择最佳的经典分布可能会导致错误的结果。本文提出了半马尔可夫模型逗留时间中隐因素影响的诊断方法。为了捕捉隐藏的因素,作者提出用混合分布来模拟逗留时间的分布,这与文献中提出的研究相比是一个重要的新颖之处。隐性因素直接影响技术系统的可靠性。检测这些因素的存在可以更准确地对系统准备情况进行建模。关注由隐藏因素引起的异常,可以降低系统维护成本。这样的系统模型提供了完整的信息,并能够对系统准备和维护进行可靠的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Maintenance policy of degradation components based on the two-phase Wiener process 基于两相维纳过程的退化部件维修策略
3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.17531/ein/172537
Minqiao Song, Yingzhi Zhang, Fang Yang, Xiaofeng Wang, Guiming Guo
This paper proposes a condition-based maintenance policy for the two-phase Wiener degradation process components. The main contribution of this article is to provide the time distribution of degradation failures for the two-phase Wiener process degradation component, as well as the modeling and solving methods for two-phase maintenance. The two-phase maintenance policy includes two-phase inspection and preventive replacement maintenance operations. The established optimization maintenance policy model aims to minimize long-term operation costs. The specific cost calculation equation and the solution method of the maintenance model are given. The feasibility of the maintenance policy model is verified using the two-phase degradation data of the Liquid Coupling Devices. The Particle swarm optimization algorithm can stably solve the described problem, and the results show that the two-phase maintenance policy can be more economical and improve components availability. After that, we also analyzed the impact of the cost parameters on the maintenance policy through sensitivity analysis.
提出了一种基于状态的两相维纳降解工艺部件维修策略。本文的主要贡献是提供了两相维纳工艺退化部件的退化故障时间分布,以及两相维修的建模和求解方法。两阶段维护策略包括两阶段巡检和预防性更换维护操作。所建立的优化维护策略模型以最小化长期运行成本为目标。给出了维修模型的具体费用计算公式和求解方法。利用液力耦合装置的两相退化数据验证了维护策略模型的可行性。粒子群优化算法可以稳定地解决上述问题,结果表明,两阶段维修策略更经济,提高了部件的可用性。在此之后,我们还通过敏感性分析分析了成本参数对维修策略的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Eksploatacja I Niezawodnosc-Maintenance and Reliability
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