Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.128
S. Albuquerque, S. F. de M. Figueirôa
This note complements the article “Depicting the Invisible: Welwitsch’s Map of Travellers in Africa,” published earlier in Earth Sciences History (Albuquerque and Figueirôa 2018). The note contributes additional information concerning previously unknown names on the map that did not appear in the list of explorers in that earlier publication. The names of ten additional explorers have been deciphered from the map and added to the list from the earlier paper, thanks to the assistance of colleagues. Of the 94 entries originally noted on the map, 88 have now been identified. There is strong correspondence between that list of explorers and the contents of Friedrich Welwitsch’s personal library.
这篇注释补充了早些时候发表在《地球科学史》（Albuquerque and Figueirôa 2018）上的文章《描绘隐形人：韦尔维奇的非洲旅行者地图》。该说明提供了关于地图上以前未知的名字的额外信息，这些名字没有出现在该早期出版物的探险家名单中。在同事们的协助下，又有10名探险家的名字从地图上被破译，并被添加到了早期论文的名单中。在地图上最初标注的94个条目中，88个已被识别。这份探险家名单与弗里德里希·韦尔维奇个人图书馆的内容之间有着强烈的对应关系。
{"title":"A COMPLEMENTARY NOTE TO WELWITSCH’S MAP OF TRAVELLERS IN AFRICA","authors":"S. Albuquerque, S. F. de M. Figueirôa","doi":"10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This note complements the article “Depicting the Invisible: Welwitsch’s Map of Travellers in Africa,” published earlier in Earth Sciences History (Albuquerque and Figueirôa 2018). The note contributes additional information concerning previously unknown names on the map that did not appear in the list of explorers in that earlier publication. The names of ten additional explorers have been deciphered from the map and added to the list from the earlier paper, thanks to the assistance of colleagues. Of the 94 entries originally noted on the map, 88 have now been identified. There is strong correspondence between that list of explorers and the contents of Friedrich Welwitsch’s personal library.","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.161
M. Kölbl‐Ebert
The German geologist Reinhold Seemann (1888–1975), curator at the Wurttemberg natural history collections in Stuttgart, focussed most of his scientific work on the younger Tertiary north of the Alps. After 1936 he became especially interested in the Nordlinger Ries, an enigmatic geological structure in Southern Germany, which at that time was considered by most geologists to have originated through a volcanic catastrophe, but in the 1960s was to be reinterpreted as an impact crater. Seemann, however, adhered to a gradualist theory of Ries Basin genesis throughout his life, regarding the abundant broken and fragmented debris at Ries Basin as tectonic breccias, crushed by a hypothetical subterranean ‘wedge’ of rock slowly moving north, pushed by pressure built-up during alpine orogenesis and surfacing at the Ries area. As his correspondence with his younger colleague Helmut Holder shows, Seemann’s tectonic alternative was motivated strongly by his philosophical attitude preferring even wildly speculative and complex processes—as long as they acted gently and gradually—over any violent, catastrophic explanations however well-founded. His philosophy may have been influenced by his personal experience with two world wars, leading to his preference and campaigning for a gentle view of geological processes.
{"title":"A GENTLE GRADUALIST IN A CATASTROPHISTS’ WORLD: REINHOLD SEEMANN’S TECTONIC THEORY OF RIES IMPACT CRATER (GERMANY)","authors":"M. Kölbl‐Ebert","doi":"10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The German geologist Reinhold Seemann (1888–1975), curator at the Wurttemberg natural history collections in Stuttgart, focussed most of his scientific work on the younger Tertiary north of the Alps. After 1936 he became especially interested in the Nordlinger Ries, an enigmatic geological structure in Southern Germany, which at that time was considered by most geologists to have originated through a volcanic catastrophe, but in the 1960s was to be reinterpreted as an impact crater. Seemann, however, adhered to a gradualist theory of Ries Basin genesis throughout his life, regarding the abundant broken and fragmented debris at Ries Basin as tectonic breccias, crushed by a hypothetical subterranean ‘wedge’ of rock slowly moving north, pushed by pressure built-up during alpine orogenesis and surfacing at the Ries area. As his correspondence with his younger colleague Helmut Holder shows, Seemann’s tectonic alternative was motivated strongly by his philosophical attitude preferring even wildly speculative and complex processes—as long as they acted gently and gradually—over any violent, catastrophic explanations however well-founded. His philosophy may have been influenced by his personal experience with two world wars, leading to his preference and campaigning for a gentle view of geological processes.","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20221103.16
Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, R. Ayuba, Musa Tevorushung Kovona, Dare Anacetus Adesina, Nsikan Jackson Etukudo, Umaru Ohiani Aliyu
{"title":"Litho-Bio Facies Analysis and Systematic Paleontology of Sediments in Amansiodo-1 Well, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"Lukman Musa Adamu, Nuhu George Obaje, R. Ayuba, Musa Tevorushung Kovona, Dare Anacetus Adesina, Nsikan Jackson Etukudo, Umaru Ohiani Aliyu","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20221103.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221103.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82386819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20221103.11
Chaoyang Li, B. Xiang, Duo Qian, Jianjing Zhang, Yin Cheng
{"title":"GIS-Based Geological Hazard Mapping Using Statistical Analysis and Cell Assignment Method for Western Sichuan Region, China","authors":"Chaoyang Li, B. Xiang, Duo Qian, Jianjing Zhang, Yin Cheng","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20221103.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221103.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77569273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.64
G. Brick
William H. Keating (1799–1840) served as mineralogist on Major Stephen H. Long’s 1823 expedition to the source of the St. Peter’s (Minnesota) River, concluding, on the basis of grain shape, that the St. Peter Sandstone, at what was later to be its type section, Fort Snelling, in the state of Minnesota, was a chemical precipitate from seawater. This appears to be an echo of the Neptunist teachings of Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817), as interpreted in the American Midwest. While endorsed by prominent geologist James Hall and others, and given some plausibility by the analogy of siliceous sinter depositing from hot springs in Iceland, the ‘purity’ criterion used by supporters of the theory was found fallacious with further advances in sedimentology such as those by Charles L. Dake and George A. Thiel. The word ‘purity,’ which was industrial-commercial parlance, merged into the concept of ‘maturity’ in the ternary sandstone classifications of the 1940s. Because the St. Peter Sandstone appears so featureless, actors projected their latent biases onto the blank walls of the sandstone outcrops.
威廉·h·基廷(William H. Keating, 1799-1840)作为矿物学家参加了斯蒂芬·h·朗少校(Major Stephen H. Long) 1823年对圣彼德河(明尼苏达)源头的考察，根据颗粒形状得出结论，圣彼德河砂岩(后来成为明尼苏达州斯奈林堡的典型剖面)是海水中的化学沉淀物。这似乎是对亚伯拉罕·戈特洛布·维尔纳(1749-1817)的海王星学说的呼应，在美国中西部得到了解释。虽然这一理论得到了著名地质学家詹姆斯·霍尔等人的认可，并以冰岛温泉中硅质烧结矿的沉积为例，为其提供了一些合理性，但随着沉积学的进一步发展，如查尔斯·l·戴克和乔治·a·蒂尔的研究，该理论的支持者所使用的“纯度”标准被发现是错误的。在20世纪40年代的砂岩三元分类中，“纯度”这个词与“成熟度”这个概念合并在一起，这是一种工业商业用语。因为圣彼得砂岩看起来毫无特色，演员们把他们潜在的偏见投射到砂岩露头的空白墙壁上。
{"title":"THE FAR SHOALS OF NEPTUNISM: WILLIAM H. KEATING AND THE ST. PETER SANDSTONE IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST","authors":"G. Brick","doi":"10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 William H. Keating (1799–1840) served as mineralogist on Major Stephen H. Long’s 1823 expedition to the source of the St. Peter’s (Minnesota) River, concluding, on the basis of grain shape, that the St. Peter Sandstone, at what was later to be its type section, Fort Snelling, in the state of Minnesota, was a chemical precipitate from seawater. This appears to be an echo of the Neptunist teachings of Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817), as interpreted in the American Midwest. While endorsed by prominent geologist James Hall and others, and given some plausibility by the analogy of siliceous sinter depositing from hot springs in Iceland, the ‘purity’ criterion used by supporters of the theory was found fallacious with further advances in sedimentology such as those by Charles L. Dake and George A. Thiel. The word ‘purity,’ which was industrial-commercial parlance, merged into the concept of ‘maturity’ in the ternary sandstone classifications of the 1940s. Because the St. Peter Sandstone appears so featureless, actors projected their latent biases onto the blank walls of the sandstone outcrops.","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45914728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20221101.11
Razinkov Nikolay Dmitrievich, Ovchinnikova Tatyana Valentinovna, Kalach Andrey Vladimirovich, Smolyaninov Vladimir Mitrofanovich, Arifullin Evgeniy Zaudyatovich, Nekrasova Anastasiya Olegovna
{"title":"Surface and Groundwater Pollution as a Result of the Technogenic Impact","authors":"Razinkov Nikolay Dmitrievich, Ovchinnikova Tatyana Valentinovna, Kalach Andrey Vladimirovich, Smolyaninov Vladimir Mitrofanovich, Arifullin Evgeniy Zaudyatovich, Nekrasova Anastasiya Olegovna","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20221101.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221101.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75543948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20221101.12
Bo Chen, J. Cui, Qi Wang, Bo Zhang, Xinyi Wang
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Isolation Capability of Coal Floor Rocks Based on ArcGIS Vulnerability Index Method","authors":"Bo Chen, J. Cui, Qi Wang, Bo Zhang, Xinyi Wang","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20221101.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221101.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86796010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.133
Xiaobo Yu
The in situ discovery of the first Peking Man skull in December 1929 was a dramatic historical event in geology and paleoanthropology. Two iconic photographs appear widely in books on Peking Man (formerly Sinanthropus pekinensis), and they show a group of Chinese and Western geologists inside a caravansary at Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) near Beijing. Long-standing issues of inconsistencies, uncertainties and lack of context regarding these photographs are addressed by using clues from published works as well as from photographs in the collection of China’s first vertebrate paleontologist Dr. Yang Zhongjian (1897–1979; C. C. Young). The paper determines the year of the photographs, their connection to other photographs, the identity of a tall man in one of the photographs, and the exact date and occasion of the event. Chinese-Western interaction of the Zhoukoudian team is discussed, and unpublished letters between Yang and Western scientists including Davidson Black (1884–1934) are presented to give a personal touch to the historical context surrounding the Peking Man discovery.
{"title":"ICONIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE ZHOUKOUDIAN TEAM AND CHINESE-WESTERN INTERACTION SURROUNDING THE PEKING MAN DISCOVERY","authors":"Xiaobo Yu","doi":"10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.133","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The in situ discovery of the first Peking Man skull in December 1929 was a dramatic historical event in geology and paleoanthropology. Two iconic photographs appear widely in books on Peking Man (formerly Sinanthropus pekinensis), and they show a group of Chinese and Western geologists inside a caravansary at Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) near Beijing. Long-standing issues of inconsistencies, uncertainties and lack of context regarding these photographs are addressed by using clues from published works as well as from photographs in the collection of China’s first vertebrate paleontologist Dr. Yang Zhongjian (1897–1979; C. C. Young). The paper determines the year of the photographs, their connection to other photographs, the identity of a tall man in one of the photographs, and the exact date and occasion of the event. Chinese-Western interaction of the Zhoukoudian team is discussed, and unpublished letters between Yang and Western scientists including Davidson Black (1884–1934) are presented to give a personal touch to the historical context surrounding the Peking Man discovery.","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49120640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20221102.12
Yu Yao, Jilin Wang, Yan Zhang, Wenbin Niu, Zhigang Yang
{"title":"Research on Safety and Emergency Management of Hydropower Engineering in China","authors":"Yu Yao, Jilin Wang, Yan Zhang, Wenbin Niu, Zhigang Yang","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20221102.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20221102.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50560,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74957171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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