Fan Si, Kai Li, Tinglin Huang, Nan Li, Gang Wen, Daojun Huang
Wet deposition significantly impacts the basin ecosystem and water quality of the Qinling Mountains (QMs). However, few research focused on the difference in wet deposition between the northern (QN) and southern (QS) foothills due to the barrier effect of the QMs. This two-year investigation studied nutrient and organic matter deposition in QN and QS during summer and autumn. Results showed higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and permanganate index (CODMn) in QN's rainwater, particularly in autumn. The CODMn in QN ranged 0.59–7.67 mg/L, and DOC ranged 0.64–4.45 mg/L. For QS, the CODMn ranged 0.71–3.25 mg/L, and DOC ranged 0.28–2.62 mg/L. Backward trajectory analysis revealed the accumulation of pollutants in QN originating from Northern China, intensified by autumn heating and straw burning. Tyrosine-like and humic-like components in rainwater DOM suggested that they primarily originated from autochthonous sources. Rainwater N:P mass ratios range from 39:1 to 145:1, highlighting a higher N input than P in QMs' wet deposition. The findings underscore the importance of atmospheric wet deposition in nutrient and organic matter input to the QMs and establish a foundation for exploring the ecological effects of wet deposition.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial variation in atmospheric wet deposition of nutrients and organic matter at the southern and northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains","authors":"Fan Si, Kai Li, Tinglin Huang, Nan Li, Gang Wen, Daojun Huang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.237","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Wet deposition significantly impacts the basin ecosystem and water quality of the Qinling Mountains (QMs). However, few research focused on the difference in wet deposition between the northern (QN) and southern (QS) foothills due to the barrier effect of the QMs. This two-year investigation studied nutrient and organic matter deposition in QN and QS during summer and autumn. Results showed higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and permanganate index (CODMn) in QN's rainwater, particularly in autumn. The CODMn in QN ranged 0.59–7.67 mg/L, and DOC ranged 0.64–4.45 mg/L. For QS, the CODMn ranged 0.71–3.25 mg/L, and DOC ranged 0.28–2.62 mg/L. Backward trajectory analysis revealed the accumulation of pollutants in QN originating from Northern China, intensified by autumn heating and straw burning. Tyrosine-like and humic-like components in rainwater DOM suggested that they primarily originated from autochthonous sources. Rainwater N:P mass ratios range from 39:1 to 145:1, highlighting a higher N input than P in QMs' wet deposition. The findings underscore the importance of atmospheric wet deposition in nutrient and organic matter input to the QMs and establish a foundation for exploring the ecological effects of wet deposition.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiyu Zhang, Shuning Dong, Jidong Liang, Xiaoming Guo, Lingyun Huang
The water–rock interactions significantly affect the dissolution and release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the reinjection of mine water into the underground reservoir. In this study, the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the natural medium from the open-pit coal mine were characterized. The waste consists mainly of quartz-dominated sandstone (43.64%) and mudstone dominated by sanidine (76.36%). During the 35-day experiment, two protein-like, one humus-like, and one fulvic acid-like substances were identified by PARAFAC. It was observed that the type of aqueous medium significantly affected the variational trend of DOM. Compared to the artificial medium, the fluorescence intensity of waste materials in the waste dump increased significantly during the reinjection process. Therefore, a positive correlation was observed between the fraction of mudstone in the aqueous medium and the DOM composition, mainly due to the dissolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances from the mudstone. The results revealed that the natural water storage medium had a certain water storage feasibility when compared with the expensive artificial medium. However, the fraction of mudstone in the water storage medium should be controlled to minimize the release of organic matter into the environment.
在将矿井水重新注入地下水库的过程中，水与岩石之间的相互作用会对溶解有机物（DOM）的溶解和释放产生重大影响。本研究对露天煤矿天然介质的表面特征和化学成分进行了表征。废料主要由以石英为主的砂岩（43.64%）和以赛尼丁为主的泥岩（76.36%）组成。在为期 35 天的实验中，PARAFAC 鉴定出了两种蛋白质类物质、一种腐殖质类物质和一种富勒酸类物质。结果表明，水介质的类型对 DOM 的变化趋势有显著影响。与人工培养基相比，垃圾场中废弃物的荧光强度在回注过程中明显增加。因此，水介质中的泥岩成分与 DOM 成分之间呈正相关，这主要是由于泥岩中多环芳烃物质的溶解所致。结果表明，与昂贵的人工介质相比，天然蓄水介质具有一定的蓄水可行性。但应控制蓄水介质中泥岩的比例，以尽量减少有机物向环境的释放。
{"title":"Study on the evolution of dissolved organic matter in the underground storage of mine water","authors":"Xiyu Zhang, Shuning Dong, Jidong Liang, Xiaoming Guo, Lingyun Huang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.238","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The water–rock interactions significantly affect the dissolution and release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the reinjection of mine water into the underground reservoir. In this study, the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the natural medium from the open-pit coal mine were characterized. The waste consists mainly of quartz-dominated sandstone (43.64%) and mudstone dominated by sanidine (76.36%). During the 35-day experiment, two protein-like, one humus-like, and one fulvic acid-like substances were identified by PARAFAC. It was observed that the type of aqueous medium significantly affected the variational trend of DOM. Compared to the artificial medium, the fluorescence intensity of waste materials in the waste dump increased significantly during the reinjection process. Therefore, a positive correlation was observed between the fraction of mudstone in the aqueous medium and the DOM composition, mainly due to the dissolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances from the mudstone. The results revealed that the natural water storage medium had a certain water storage feasibility when compared with the expensive artificial medium. However, the fraction of mudstone in the water storage medium should be controlled to minimize the release of organic matter into the environment.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"52 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. B. Vetter, P. A. Stentoft, T. Munk-Nielsen, Henrik Madsen, J. Møller
A novel data-driven model for forecasting the sludge blanket height in secondary clarifiers is presented. The model is trained on sensor measurements of the sludge blanket height and used as inputs such as (1) the clarifier feed flow rate, (2) feed suspended solids concentration, and (3) the clarifier recycle flow rate. The model’s prediction accuracy is evaluated based on data from two Danish wastewater treatment plants by means of root-mean-square errors (RMSEs), and results are compared against a persistence model. We demonstrate that the developed model is superior to the persistence forecast at both plants during high blanket dynamics. In the best scenario, the model improves the RMSE by 0.1/0.4 m at prediction horizons of 2.5/10 h, assuming known inputs. The model performance is subsequently considered with forecasted inputs using two different forecast scenarios. We discuss differences in the two plants’ performance and requirements to achieve good model performance. The model is well-suited for a model predictive control strategy, whose purpose ultimately is to improve clarifier control, increasing hydraulic capacity and reducing overflow suspended solids.
{"title":"Toward smart wastewater treatment plants: a novel data-driven sludge blanket model based on stochastic differential equations","authors":"P. B. Vetter, P. A. Stentoft, T. Munk-Nielsen, Henrik Madsen, J. Møller","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.234","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A novel data-driven model for forecasting the sludge blanket height in secondary clarifiers is presented. The model is trained on sensor measurements of the sludge blanket height and used as inputs such as (1) the clarifier feed flow rate, (2) feed suspended solids concentration, and (3) the clarifier recycle flow rate. The model’s prediction accuracy is evaluated based on data from two Danish wastewater treatment plants by means of root-mean-square errors (RMSEs), and results are compared against a persistence model. We demonstrate that the developed model is superior to the persistence forecast at both plants during high blanket dynamics. In the best scenario, the model improves the RMSE by 0.1/0.4 m at prediction horizons of 2.5/10 h, assuming known inputs. The model performance is subsequently considered with forecasted inputs using two different forecast scenarios. We discuss differences in the two plants’ performance and requirements to achieve good model performance. The model is well-suited for a model predictive control strategy, whose purpose ultimately is to improve clarifier control, increasing hydraulic capacity and reducing overflow suspended solids.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zixun Qin, Zhonglei Zhang, Ji Li, Jin Liu, Jinsheng Wang, Xiaoguo Chen, Yangyang Wang, Lei Wang
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit outstanding catalytic activity due to their highly dispersed metal centers. Activating persulfates (PS) with SACs can generate various reactive oxygen species (ROS) to efficiently degrade emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in aqueous environments, offering unique advantages such as high reaction rates and excellent stability. This technique has been extensively researched and holds enormous potential applications. In this paper, we comprehensively elaborated on the synthesis methods of SACs and their limitations, and factors influencing the catalytic performance of SACs, including metal center characteristics, coordination environment, and types of substrates. We also analyzed practical considerations for application. Subsequently, we discussed the mechanism of SACs activating PS for EOCs degradation, encompassing adsorption processes, radical pathways, and non-radical pathways. Finally, we provide prospects and outline our vision for future research, aiming to guide advancements in applying this technique.
{"title":"Single-atom catalysts activate persulfate to degrade emerging organic contaminants in aqueous environments","authors":"Zixun Qin, Zhonglei Zhang, Ji Li, Jin Liu, Jinsheng Wang, Xiaoguo Chen, Yangyang Wang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit outstanding catalytic activity due to their highly dispersed metal centers. Activating persulfates (PS) with SACs can generate various reactive oxygen species (ROS) to efficiently degrade emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in aqueous environments, offering unique advantages such as high reaction rates and excellent stability. This technique has been extensively researched and holds enormous potential applications. In this paper, we comprehensively elaborated on the synthesis methods of SACs and their limitations, and factors influencing the catalytic performance of SACs, including metal center characteristics, coordination environment, and types of substrates. We also analyzed practical considerations for application. Subsequently, we discussed the mechanism of SACs activating PS for EOCs degradation, encompassing adsorption processes, radical pathways, and non-radical pathways. Finally, we provide prospects and outline our vision for future research, aiming to guide advancements in applying this technique.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Reza Dehghani Tafti, Dwight Houweling, Jean-Michel Perron, Daniel Bencsik, Tom Johnson, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Yves Comeau
This article presents the authors’ perspectives on modelling best practices for nature-based solutions (NBS). The authors led a workshop on NBS modelling as part of the 8th IWA Water Resource Recovery Modelling Seminar (WRRmod2022+) in January 2023, where the discussion centred around the design, use cases, and potential applications of NBS models. Four real-world case studies, encompassing an aerated lagoon, a biofilm-enhanced aerated lagoon, a stormwater basin, and a constructed wetland were reviewed to demonstrate practical applications and challenges in modelling NBS systems. The initial proposed modelling framework was derived from these case studies and encompassed eight sub-models used for these NBS types. The framework was subsequently extended to include 8 additional NBS categories, requiring a total of 10 sub-models. In a subsequent step, with a different perspective, the framework was refined to focus on 13 primary use cases of NBS, identifying 10 sub-models needed or potentially required for these specific NBS applications. These frameworks help to identify the necessary sub-models for the NBS system at hand or the use case. This article also discusses the benefits and challenges of applying water resource recovery modelling best practices to NBS, along with recommendations for future research in this area.
{"title":"Towards a modelling framework for nature-based solutions in wastewater treatment","authors":"Ali Reza Dehghani Tafti, Dwight Houweling, Jean-Michel Perron, Daniel Bencsik, Tom Johnson, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Yves Comeau","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This article presents the authors’ perspectives on modelling best practices for nature-based solutions (NBS). The authors led a workshop on NBS modelling as part of the 8th IWA Water Resource Recovery Modelling Seminar (WRRmod2022+) in January 2023, where the discussion centred around the design, use cases, and potential applications of NBS models. Four real-world case studies, encompassing an aerated lagoon, a biofilm-enhanced aerated lagoon, a stormwater basin, and a constructed wetland were reviewed to demonstrate practical applications and challenges in modelling NBS systems. The initial proposed modelling framework was derived from these case studies and encompassed eight sub-models used for these NBS types. The framework was subsequently extended to include 8 additional NBS categories, requiring a total of 10 sub-models. In a subsequent step, with a different perspective, the framework was refined to focus on 13 primary use cases of NBS, identifying 10 sub-models needed or potentially required for these specific NBS applications. These frameworks help to identify the necessary sub-models for the NBS system at hand or the use case. This article also discusses the benefits and challenges of applying water resource recovery modelling best practices to NBS, along with recommendations for future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"70 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Illicit discharges into sewer systems are a widespread concern within China's urban drainage management. They can result in unforeseen environmental contamination and deterioration in the performance of wastewater treatment plants. Consequently, pinpointing the origin of unauthorized discharges in the sewer network is crucial. This study aims to evaluate an integrative method that employs numerical modeling and statistical analysis to determine the locations and characteristics of illicit discharges. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to track water quality variations within the sewer network and examine the concentration profiles of exogenous pollutants under a range of scenarios. The identification technique employed Bayesian inference fused with the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method, enabling the estimation of probability distributions for the position of the suspected source, the discharge magnitude, and the commencement of the event. Specifically, the cases involving continuous release and multiple sources were examined. For single-point source identification, where all three parameters are unknown, concentration profiles from two monitoring sites in the path of pollutant transport and dispersion are necessary and sufficient to characterize the pollution source. For the identification of multiple sources, the proposed SWMM-Bayesian strategy with improved sampling is applied, which significantly improves the accuracy.
{"title":"Identification of illicit discharges in sewer networks by an SWMM-Bayesian coupled approach","authors":"Liyuan Yang, Biao Huang, Jiachun Liu","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Illicit discharges into sewer systems are a widespread concern within China's urban drainage management. They can result in unforeseen environmental contamination and deterioration in the performance of wastewater treatment plants. Consequently, pinpointing the origin of unauthorized discharges in the sewer network is crucial. This study aims to evaluate an integrative method that employs numerical modeling and statistical analysis to determine the locations and characteristics of illicit discharges. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to track water quality variations within the sewer network and examine the concentration profiles of exogenous pollutants under a range of scenarios. The identification technique employed Bayesian inference fused with the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method, enabling the estimation of probability distributions for the position of the suspected source, the discharge magnitude, and the commencement of the event. Specifically, the cases involving continuous release and multiple sources were examined. For single-point source identification, where all three parameters are unknown, concentration profiles from two monitoring sites in the path of pollutant transport and dispersion are necessary and sufficient to characterize the pollution source. For the identification of multiple sources, the proposed SWMM-Bayesian strategy with improved sampling is applied, which significantly improves the accuracy.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Daneshgar, Sina Borzooei, Lukas Debliek, Elias Van Den Broeck, Riet Cornelissen, Piet de Langhe, Cesare Piacezzi, Miguel Daza, S. Duchi, U. Rehman, I. Nopens, E. Torfs
Bioreactors are usually modelled as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) or CSTRs connected in series (Tanks-In-Series configuration). In large systems with non-ideal mixing, such approaches do not sufficiently capture the complex hydrodynamics, leading to model inaccuracies due to the lumping of spatial gradients. Highly detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models provide insight into complex hydrodynamics but are computationally too expensive for flow-sheet models and digital twin applications. A compartmental model (CM) can be a middle-ground by providing a more realistic representation of the hydrodynamics and still being computationally affordable. However, the hydrodynamics of a plant can be very different under varying flow conditions. Dynamic CMs can capture these changes in an elegant way. So far, the application of CMs has been limited mostly to continuous flow systems. In this study, a dynamic CM of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is developed for a bio-P removal process. The SBR comes with challenges for CM development due to its distinct operational stages. The dynamic CM shows significant improvements over the CSTR model (using the same biokinetic parameters) for dissolved oxygen and phosphate predictions reducing the need for model recalibration that can lead to over-fitting and limited extrapolation capability of the model.
生物反应器通常被模拟为连续搅拌罐反应器（CSTR）或串联的连续搅拌罐反应器（串联罐配置）。在具有非理想混合的大型系统中，这种方法无法充分捕捉复杂的流体力学，导致模型因空间梯度的叠加而不准确。高度详细的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型可以深入了解复杂的流体动力学，但对于流表模型和数字孪生应用来说，计算成本过于昂贵。隔室模型（CM）可以提供更逼真的流体动力学表现，同时计算成本也不高，是一种中间方案。然而，在不同的流动条件下，工厂的流体力学可能会有很大不同。动态 CM 可以优雅地捕捉这些变化。迄今为止，CMs 的应用主要局限于连续流系统。在本研究中，为生物除磷工艺开发了一个序批式反应器（SBR）的动态 CM。由于 SBR 的运行阶段各不相同，这给 CM 开发带来了挑战。在溶解氧和磷酸盐预测方面，动态 CM 比 CSTR 模型（使用相同的生物动力学参数）有明显改善，减少了对模型重新校准的需求，而重新校准可能导致模型过度拟合和有限的外推能力。
{"title":"A dynamic compartmental model of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for biological phosphorus removal","authors":"S. Daneshgar, Sina Borzooei, Lukas Debliek, Elias Van Den Broeck, Riet Cornelissen, Piet de Langhe, Cesare Piacezzi, Miguel Daza, S. Duchi, U. Rehman, I. Nopens, E. Torfs","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bioreactors are usually modelled as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) or CSTRs connected in series (Tanks-In-Series configuration). In large systems with non-ideal mixing, such approaches do not sufficiently capture the complex hydrodynamics, leading to model inaccuracies due to the lumping of spatial gradients. Highly detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models provide insight into complex hydrodynamics but are computationally too expensive for flow-sheet models and digital twin applications. A compartmental model (CM) can be a middle-ground by providing a more realistic representation of the hydrodynamics and still being computationally affordable. However, the hydrodynamics of a plant can be very different under varying flow conditions. Dynamic CMs can capture these changes in an elegant way. So far, the application of CMs has been limited mostly to continuous flow systems. In this study, a dynamic CM of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is developed for a bio-P removal process. The SBR comes with challenges for CM development due to its distinct operational stages. The dynamic CM shows significant improvements over the CSTR model (using the same biokinetic parameters) for dissolved oxygen and phosphate predictions reducing the need for model recalibration that can lead to over-fitting and limited extrapolation capability of the model.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a methodology for compartmental model (CM) creation for long-term simulation of water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). CMs are often focused on reproducing with a lower computational cost than previously simulated scenarios. In contrast, the methodology presented here can represent variable hydraulic conditions, based on the interpolation of data gathered from a set of computational fluid dynamics simulations that reproduce representative hydraulic scenarios. This is achieved by modelling with bidirectional flows the exchange flows between fixed compartments, which are defined based on the geometry of the reactors. The resultant hydraulic surrogate model can be implemented in commercial water treatment software to solve biochemical kinetics. The methodology was applied to simulate in WEST®-DHI, a WRRF in Vila-Real, Spain. In this contribution, the CM was validated with real plant data. The developed CM provided a quick response simulation with a high level of hydraulic and biochemical detail. This allowed us to observe a spatial distribution of component concentration, which could help with sensor location or plant optimisation. The methodology presented here could also be a useful enabler of digital twins to be implemented in WRRF.
本文介绍了一种用于水资源回收设施（WRRF）长期模拟的分区模型（CM）创建方法。分区模型通常侧重于以较低的计算成本再现之前模拟过的情景。相比之下，本文介绍的方法可以根据从一组计算流体动力学模拟中收集的数据进行插值，再现具有代表性的水力情况，从而表现出多变的水力条件。具体方法是根据反应器的几何形状，用双向流模拟固定隔间之间的交换流。由此产生的水力替代模型可在商业水处理软件中实施，以解决生化动力学问题。该方法被用于模拟西班牙维拉雷尔的 WEST®-DHI WRRF。在这一贡献中，CM 得到了真实水厂数据的验证。所开发的 CM 提供了快速反应模拟，具有较高的水力和生化细节。这使我们能够观察到成分浓度的空间分布，从而有助于传感器定位或工厂优化。这里介绍的方法也可以成为在 WRRF 中实施数字双胞胎的有用工具。
{"title":"A CFD-based compartmental modelling approach for long-term dynamic simulation of water resource recovery facilities","authors":"Asier Romay, Beñat Elduayen, Borja Hernández, Gorka Sánchez, Rosario Arnau, Javier Climent, Eduardo Ayesa","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This article presents a methodology for compartmental model (CM) creation for long-term simulation of water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). CMs are often focused on reproducing with a lower computational cost than previously simulated scenarios. In contrast, the methodology presented here can represent variable hydraulic conditions, based on the interpolation of data gathered from a set of computational fluid dynamics simulations that reproduce representative hydraulic scenarios. This is achieved by modelling with bidirectional flows the exchange flows between fixed compartments, which are defined based on the geometry of the reactors. The resultant hydraulic surrogate model can be implemented in commercial water treatment software to solve biochemical kinetics. The methodology was applied to simulate in WEST®-DHI, a WRRF in Vila-Real, Spain. In this contribution, the CM was validated with real plant data. The developed CM provided a quick response simulation with a high level of hydraulic and biochemical detail. This allowed us to observe a spatial distribution of component concentration, which could help with sensor location or plant optimisation. The methodology presented here could also be a useful enabler of digital twins to be implemented in WRRF.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"55 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work evaluated an anaerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (AnSBR-MBR) equipped with waste-based ceramic membranes for treating low-strength real drain wastewater. Two feeding regimes, viz. settled feed (Phase 1) and mixed feed (Phase 2) were compared. The biological performance (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate (PO43-) removal) and filtration performance (total suspended solids (TSS) removal and membrane fouling) were investigated. The reactor characteristics in terms of solids content, sludge settling behaviour, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were also assessed. In Phase 1, the settled feed (with the absence of particulate organic matter) resulted in low volatile suspended solids (VSS; 0.23 ± 0.15 g/L), causing low COD removal (28.38 ± 8.14%). In the mixed feed regime in Phase 2, VSS increased (1.82 ± 0.60 g/L) due to the organic content in the particulate matter, which gave microorganisms additional food, resulting in increased COD removal (47.42 ± 2.81%); this phase was also characterised by lower membrane fouling because of the lower EPS content. Marginally higher TSS removal was obtained as well in Phase 2 (96.72 ± 3.26%) than in Phase 1 (90.48 ± 8.14%). This work demonstrates that AnSBR-MBR performance is superior with mixed drain wastewater containing suspended solids and thus pre-settling is not recommended.
{"title":"Impact of feeding regimes on the performance of anaerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor treating wastewater from an urban drain","authors":"Sachin Kumar Tomar, Aditi Deshpande, Sourbh Dhiman, Ravi Karan Singh, Malini Balakrishnan","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.232","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This work evaluated an anaerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (AnSBR-MBR) equipped with waste-based ceramic membranes for treating low-strength real drain wastewater. Two feeding regimes, viz. settled feed (Phase 1) and mixed feed (Phase 2) were compared. The biological performance (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate (PO43-) removal) and filtration performance (total suspended solids (TSS) removal and membrane fouling) were investigated. The reactor characteristics in terms of solids content, sludge settling behaviour, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were also assessed. In Phase 1, the settled feed (with the absence of particulate organic matter) resulted in low volatile suspended solids (VSS; 0.23 ± 0.15 g/L), causing low COD removal (28.38 ± 8.14%). In the mixed feed regime in Phase 2, VSS increased (1.82 ± 0.60 g/L) due to the organic content in the particulate matter, which gave microorganisms additional food, resulting in increased COD removal (47.42 ± 2.81%); this phase was also characterised by lower membrane fouling because of the lower EPS content. Marginally higher TSS removal was obtained as well in Phase 2 (96.72 ± 3.26%) than in Phase 1 (90.48 ± 8.14%). This work demonstrates that AnSBR-MBR performance is superior with mixed drain wastewater containing suspended solids and thus pre-settling is not recommended.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"54 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been widely applied in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment due to its advantages such as high biomass and excellent settling performance. However, the influence of commonly found antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater on the operational efficiency of AGS has been poorly explored. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TE) on AGS treating pharmaceutical wastewater at room temperature and analyzed the related mechanisms. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between TE's effects on AGS. At concentrations below the threshold of 0.1 mg/L, the effects are considered trivial. In contrast, TE with more than 2.0 mg/L reduces the performance of AGS. In the 6.0 mg/L TE group, COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies decreased to 72.6–75.5%, 54.6–58.9%, and 71.6–75.8%, respectively. High concentrations of TE reduced sludge concentration and the proportion of organic matter in AGS, leading to a decline in sludge settling performance. Elevated TE concentrations stimulated extracellular polymeric substance secretion, increasing polymeric nitrogen and polymeric phosphorus content. Intracellular polymer analysis revealed that high TE concentrations reduced polyhydroxyalkanoates but enhanced glycogen metabolism. Enzyme activity analysis disclosed that high TE concentrations decreased the activity of key enzymes associated with nutrient removal.
好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）具有生物量高、沉降性能好等优点，已被广泛应用于制药废水处理。然而，制药废水中常见的抗生素对 AGS 运行效率的影响却鲜有研究。本研究调查了四环素（TE）对常温处理制药废水的 AGS 的影响，并分析了相关机理。结果表明，四环素对 AGS 的影响与剂量有关。当浓度低于 0.1 mg/L 的阈值时，其影响被认为是微不足道的。相反，TE 浓度超过 2.0 毫克/升会降低 AGS 的性能。在 6.0 mg/L TE 组中，COD、TN 和 TP 去除率分别降至 72.6-75.5%、54.6-58.9% 和 71.6-75.8%。高浓度的 TE 降低了 AGS 中的污泥浓度和有机物比例，导致污泥沉降性能下降。高浓度 TE 会刺激细胞外高分子物质的分泌，增加高分子氮和高分子磷的含量。细胞内聚合物分析表明，高浓度 TE 会减少聚羟基烷酸酯，但会促进糖原代谢。酶活性分析表明，高浓度 TE 降低了与营养物质清除有关的关键酶的活性。
{"title":"Evaluating the effect of antibiotics on aerobic granular sludge treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater","authors":"Zhenghao Cao, Anning Sai, Xiangxiang Jia, Xiaoyu Zhang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been widely applied in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment due to its advantages such as high biomass and excellent settling performance. However, the influence of commonly found antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater on the operational efficiency of AGS has been poorly explored. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TE) on AGS treating pharmaceutical wastewater at room temperature and analyzed the related mechanisms. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between TE's effects on AGS. At concentrations below the threshold of 0.1 mg/L, the effects are considered trivial. In contrast, TE with more than 2.0 mg/L reduces the performance of AGS. In the 6.0 mg/L TE group, COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies decreased to 72.6–75.5%, 54.6–58.9%, and 71.6–75.8%, respectively. High concentrations of TE reduced sludge concentration and the proportion of organic matter in AGS, leading to a decline in sludge settling performance. Elevated TE concentrations stimulated extracellular polymeric substance secretion, increasing polymeric nitrogen and polymeric phosphorus content. Intracellular polymer analysis revealed that high TE concentrations reduced polyhydroxyalkanoates but enhanced glycogen metabolism. Enzyme activity analysis disclosed that high TE concentrations decreased the activity of key enzymes associated with nutrient removal.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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