Shamsuddin Daulat, B. Roghani, M. Rokstad, F. Tscheikner-Gratl
Urban infrastructure, important for societal functioning, faces challenges from aging assets and increasing service demands. Traditional asset management practices, often conducted in silos, fail to address the interconnected nature of these systems, leading to inefficiencies and heightened system failure risks. This article combines the spatial and temporal aspects of sewer, water, and road networks to facilitate integrated interventions and enable informed decision-making among diverse stakeholders. The outcome of this research is the creation of interactive hotspot maps on a unified platform, highlighting potential areas for integrated intervention across different infrastructures. To enhance the potential for collaboration in integrated interventions, flexibility in intervention planning was incorporated. With increased flexibility in intervention decisions, the potential for collaboration also increased. For the case study, introducing a 5-year intervention flexibility increased the number of collaborative projects between sewer, water, and roads from 0 to 18. The maps can also indicate areas where the application of trenchless technologies are justifiable. Other important information on asset characteristics for the decision-makers, including age, inspection, deterioration, and other relevant spatial and temporal details can also be obtained from the maps. The presented methodology and findings provide practical solution for utilities to manage urban infrastructure networks more efficiently.
{"title":"Hotspot analysis for integrated multi-infrastructure asset management","authors":"Shamsuddin Daulat, B. Roghani, M. Rokstad, F. Tscheikner-Gratl","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.248","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Urban infrastructure, important for societal functioning, faces challenges from aging assets and increasing service demands. Traditional asset management practices, often conducted in silos, fail to address the interconnected nature of these systems, leading to inefficiencies and heightened system failure risks. This article combines the spatial and temporal aspects of sewer, water, and road networks to facilitate integrated interventions and enable informed decision-making among diverse stakeholders. The outcome of this research is the creation of interactive hotspot maps on a unified platform, highlighting potential areas for integrated intervention across different infrastructures. To enhance the potential for collaboration in integrated interventions, flexibility in intervention planning was incorporated. With increased flexibility in intervention decisions, the potential for collaboration also increased. For the case study, introducing a 5-year intervention flexibility increased the number of collaborative projects between sewer, water, and roads from 0 to 18. The maps can also indicate areas where the application of trenchless technologies are justifiable. Other important information on asset characteristics for the decision-makers, including age, inspection, deterioration, and other relevant spatial and temporal details can also be obtained from the maps. The presented methodology and findings provide practical solution for utilities to manage urban infrastructure networks more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated blackwater (BW) and food and kitchen waste (FW) offers decentralized circular economy solutions by enabling local production of biogas and nutrient-rich byproducts. In this study, a 2 m3 pilot-scale continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under mesophilic conditions was utilized for co-digestion of BW and FW. The process obtained a CH4 yield of 0.7 ± 0.2 m3/kg influent-volatile solid (VS), reaching a maximum yield of 1.1 ± 0.1 m3/kg influent-VS, with an average organic loading rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 kg-VS/m3/d and HRT of 25 days. The CH4 production rate averaged 0.4 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d, peaking at 0.6 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d. Treatment of digestate through flocculation followed by sedimentation recovered over 90% of ammonium nitrogen and potassium, and 80–85% of total phosphorus in the liquid fraction. This nutrient-rich liquid was used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 g/L and 85 ± 3% and 78 ± 5% ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, respectively. These findings not only highlight the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated BW and FW in local biogas production but also demonstrate the potential of microalgae cultivation as a sustainable approach to converting digestate into nutrient-rich algae biomass.
{"title":"Source separation and anaerobic co-digestion of blackwater and food waste for biogas production and nutrient recovery","authors":"Donya Kamravamanesh, M. Kokko","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated blackwater (BW) and food and kitchen waste (FW) offers decentralized circular economy solutions by enabling local production of biogas and nutrient-rich byproducts. In this study, a 2 m3 pilot-scale continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under mesophilic conditions was utilized for co-digestion of BW and FW. The process obtained a CH4 yield of 0.7 ± 0.2 m3/kg influent-volatile solid (VS), reaching a maximum yield of 1.1 ± 0.1 m3/kg influent-VS, with an average organic loading rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 kg-VS/m3/d and HRT of 25 days. The CH4 production rate averaged 0.4 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d, peaking at 0.6 ± 0.1 m3/m3/d. Treatment of digestate through flocculation followed by sedimentation recovered over 90% of ammonium nitrogen and potassium, and 80–85% of total phosphorus in the liquid fraction. This nutrient-rich liquid was used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 g/L and 85 ± 3% and 78 ± 5% ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, respectively. These findings not only highlight the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated BW and FW in local biogas production but also demonstrate the potential of microalgae cultivation as a sustainable approach to converting digestate into nutrient-rich algae biomass.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna Molin, Eric Bröndum, Sara Nilsson, Per Mattson, R. Saagi, E. Lindblom, Bengt Carlsson, Ulf Jeppsson
Software sensors, or soft sensors, can be a feasible option to monitor parameters that are difficult (or impossible) to measure with hardware sensors. At Henriksdal water resource recovery facility (WRRF), the operators have long experienced issues with a clogging sensor for the dry solid (DS) content in thickened primary sludge. A soft sensor was developed, and in the process, two methods were compared: long short-term memory (LSTM) network and linear regression. The first is a recurrent neural network that can capture non-linear dynamics, whereas the latter is a linear static model. The LSTM network was the best at predicting the DS content, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.341 with respect to laboratory data. The linear regression model performed worse than estimating a long-time average of daily manual samples but outperformed the online sensor. Replacing the existing sensor with the developed soft sensor can open up possibilities for more efficient control and operation of the thickener unit.
{"title":"Soft sensor for the dry solid content in thickened primary sludge","authors":"Hanna Molin, Eric Bröndum, Sara Nilsson, Per Mattson, R. Saagi, E. Lindblom, Bengt Carlsson, Ulf Jeppsson","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Software sensors, or soft sensors, can be a feasible option to monitor parameters that are difficult (or impossible) to measure with hardware sensors. At Henriksdal water resource recovery facility (WRRF), the operators have long experienced issues with a clogging sensor for the dry solid (DS) content in thickened primary sludge. A soft sensor was developed, and in the process, two methods were compared: long short-term memory (LSTM) network and linear regression. The first is a recurrent neural network that can capture non-linear dynamics, whereas the latter is a linear static model. The LSTM network was the best at predicting the DS content, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.341 with respect to laboratory data. The linear regression model performed worse than estimating a long-time average of daily manual samples but outperformed the online sensor. Replacing the existing sensor with the developed soft sensor can open up possibilities for more efficient control and operation of the thickener unit.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"22 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kleyböcker, Fabian Kraus, Stefanie Meyer, Janina Heinze, Franziska Gromadecki, Christian Remy
An innovative circular economy (CE) system was implemented at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Brunswick. The performance of the CE system was evaluated for 4 years: the thermal pressure hydrolysis enhanced the methane production by 18% and increased the digestate dewaterability by 14%. Refractory COD formed in thermal hydrolysis and increased the COD concentration in the WWTP effluent by 4 mg L−1 while still complying with the legal threshold. Struvite production reached high phosphorus recovery rates of >80% with a Mg:P molar ratio ≥0.8. Nitrogen was successfully recovered as ammonium sulfate with high recovery rates of 85–97%. The chemical analyses of secondary fertilizers showed a low pollutant content, posing low risks to soil and groundwater ecosystems. The total carbon footprint of the WWTP decreased due to enhanced biogas production, the recovery of renewable fertilizers and a further reduction of nitrous oxide emissions. Using green energy will be crucial to reach carbon neutrality for the entire WWTP.
{"title":"Toward carbon neutrality and circular economy: an innovative combination of enhanced biogas production and nutrient recovery from sludge dewatering liquor at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Germany","authors":"A. Kleyböcker, Fabian Kraus, Stefanie Meyer, Janina Heinze, Franziska Gromadecki, Christian Remy","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.247","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 An innovative circular economy (CE) system was implemented at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Brunswick. The performance of the CE system was evaluated for 4 years: the thermal pressure hydrolysis enhanced the methane production by 18% and increased the digestate dewaterability by 14%. Refractory COD formed in thermal hydrolysis and increased the COD concentration in the WWTP effluent by 4 mg L−1 while still complying with the legal threshold. Struvite production reached high phosphorus recovery rates of >80% with a Mg:P molar ratio ≥0.8. Nitrogen was successfully recovered as ammonium sulfate with high recovery rates of 85–97%. The chemical analyses of secondary fertilizers showed a low pollutant content, posing low risks to soil and groundwater ecosystems. The total carbon footprint of the WWTP decreased due to enhanced biogas production, the recovery of renewable fertilizers and a further reduction of nitrous oxide emissions. Using green energy will be crucial to reach carbon neutrality for the entire WWTP.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"113 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High concentrations of Na+ and NH4+ in landfill leachate lead to deterioration of bentonite barrier and pose a threat to the environment. This study focused on the pollution interception and permeability characteristics of the bentonite barrier exposed to NaCl and NH4Cl solutions. Based on previous findings, salt solution concentrations were established at 74.80, 37.40, 18.70, and 9.4 mmol/L. The bentonite contents in the mixture were set at 0, 5, 10, and 15%. The results indicate that the samples exhibit better interception of NH4+ compared to Na+. This difference arises from the cation exchange sequence, the size of the hydration radius, and the hydrogen bonding of the two cations. Additionally, the difference in hydration enthalpy between the two cations leads to variations in the swelling of bentonite, resulting in a higher permeability coefficient in NH4Cl solution. This study shows that although bentonite barriers have better interception for NH4+, they exhibit greater permeability in NH4Cl solution, increasing the risk of leachate carrying other contaminants.
{"title":"Cation interception and permeability characteristics of bentonite barriers exposed to NaCl and NH4Cl solutions","authors":"Wen-jing Sun, Qian-tong Tang, Ri-dong Fan, Ai-wu Yang, Yun-zi Tan, Anthony Kwan Leung","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.241","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High concentrations of Na+ and NH4+ in landfill leachate lead to deterioration of bentonite barrier and pose a threat to the environment. This study focused on the pollution interception and permeability characteristics of the bentonite barrier exposed to NaCl and NH4Cl solutions. Based on previous findings, salt solution concentrations were established at 74.80, 37.40, 18.70, and 9.4 mmol/L. The bentonite contents in the mixture were set at 0, 5, 10, and 15%. The results indicate that the samples exhibit better interception of NH4+ compared to Na+. This difference arises from the cation exchange sequence, the size of the hydration radius, and the hydrogen bonding of the two cations. Additionally, the difference in hydration enthalpy between the two cations leads to variations in the swelling of bentonite, resulting in a higher permeability coefficient in NH4Cl solution. This study shows that although bentonite barriers have better interception for NH4+, they exhibit greater permeability in NH4Cl solution, increasing the risk of leachate carrying other contaminants.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The manufacturing of fossil-based fertilizers by extraction of rock phosphate has contributed to carbon emissions and depleted the non-renewable phosphorous reserves. Sewage sludge, which is a waste product from sewage treatment plants (STPs), is rich in phosphorous. The existing techniques for sludge management contribute to carbon emissions and ecological footprint. Struvite (raw fertilizer) and biochar recovery from sludge have emerged as viable methods to reduce carbon emissions and ensure the economic sustainability of STPs. In this work, the potential for phosphorous recovery and revenue generation is discussed for Rajasthan state in India. The fate of phosphorous and heavy metals in STPs is evaluated which indicates that about 70% of the phosphorous and trace amounts of metals end up in sewage sludge. Further, the power consumption is high in STPs due to industrial wastewater ingress. There is a need to bridge the gap between sewage treatment and generation in Rajasthan and improve STP performance before resource recovery inclusion at policy-level and scale-up. Mixing struvite with biochar can lead to the safe application of struvite as raw fertilizer as heavy metals are sequestered by biochar. A business framework is developed to serve as a blueprint and potential model for linking technical and market viability.
{"title":"Phosphorous recovery potential from sewage sludge by struvite precipitation: remodelling policy framework in Rajasthan, India","authors":"Ankit Srivastava, K. Saxena, U. Brighu","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.243","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The manufacturing of fossil-based fertilizers by extraction of rock phosphate has contributed to carbon emissions and depleted the non-renewable phosphorous reserves. Sewage sludge, which is a waste product from sewage treatment plants (STPs), is rich in phosphorous. The existing techniques for sludge management contribute to carbon emissions and ecological footprint. Struvite (raw fertilizer) and biochar recovery from sludge have emerged as viable methods to reduce carbon emissions and ensure the economic sustainability of STPs. In this work, the potential for phosphorous recovery and revenue generation is discussed for Rajasthan state in India. The fate of phosphorous and heavy metals in STPs is evaluated which indicates that about 70% of the phosphorous and trace amounts of metals end up in sewage sludge. Further, the power consumption is high in STPs due to industrial wastewater ingress. There is a need to bridge the gap between sewage treatment and generation in Rajasthan and improve STP performance before resource recovery inclusion at policy-level and scale-up. Mixing struvite with biochar can lead to the safe application of struvite as raw fertilizer as heavy metals are sequestered by biochar. A business framework is developed to serve as a blueprint and potential model for linking technical and market viability.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanism of phenol degradation by micro-electrolytic systems can be fully understood by evaluating the oxidation of active substances from the two aspects of phenol bond-breaking and mineralization, and the direction of promoting the generation of active substances is pointed out. In this article, the effects of H2O2, O2-•, ·OH and 1O2 in the degradation of phenol were analyzed using phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates as judgment indicators, respectively. And the addition of C6O8H6 to the micro-electrolysis system was adopted to promote the generation of active substances. The experimental results showed that the active substances which played a dominant effect in the process of phenol bond-breaking and mineralization were changed. While 1O2 is dominant in the bond-breaking of phenol, •OH is dominant in the mineralization of phenol. After adding C6O8H6 (1 mmol/L), the removal rates of phenol and COD were increased by 7.35 and 4.85%, respectively. This was attributed to the autoxidation reaction of C6O8H6 and the continuous supply of H+ while reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+. Additionally, the C6O8H6 regulated the reaction pathway to improve the utilization of H2O2. This study provides a new perspective for the understanding of active substances in micro-electrolysis systems.
{"title":"New understanding of the main active substances and the promotion mechanism in the degradation of phenol by Fe–C micro-electrolysis systems","authors":"Yulong Zou, Haiqian Zhao, Xiaolong Zhang, Zhonghua Wang, Xue Yang, Xing Zhang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.244","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The mechanism of phenol degradation by micro-electrolytic systems can be fully understood by evaluating the oxidation of active substances from the two aspects of phenol bond-breaking and mineralization, and the direction of promoting the generation of active substances is pointed out. In this article, the effects of H2O2, O2-•, ·OH and 1O2 in the degradation of phenol were analyzed using phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates as judgment indicators, respectively. And the addition of C6O8H6 to the micro-electrolysis system was adopted to promote the generation of active substances. The experimental results showed that the active substances which played a dominant effect in the process of phenol bond-breaking and mineralization were changed. While 1O2 is dominant in the bond-breaking of phenol, •OH is dominant in the mineralization of phenol. After adding C6O8H6 (1 mmol/L), the removal rates of phenol and COD were increased by 7.35 and 4.85%, respectively. This was attributed to the autoxidation reaction of C6O8H6 and the continuous supply of H+ while reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+. Additionally, the C6O8H6 regulated the reaction pathway to improve the utilization of H2O2. This study provides a new perspective for the understanding of active substances in micro-electrolysis systems.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guisheng Zeng, B. Gong, Yingpeng Li, Kun Wang, Qian Guan
Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent self-cleaning performance have attracted significant concerns from researchers. Although various superhydrophobic coatings with prominent superhydrophobic properties have been fabricated, most developed coatings are still inadequate in pipeline scale inhibition applications. In this work, nano-silica (nano-SiO2) was modified by silane coupling of vinyltriethoxysilane (VETS) and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS) to prepare a superhydrophobic coating. Organosilicon of PFTS and VETS was grafted onto the surface of SiO2 for preparing the superhydrophobic coating with low surface energy, and the superhydrophobic coating was cured via poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The results showed that the contact angle of the prepared silica-based superhydrophobic coating, denoted as VETS-PFTS@SiO2/PVDF, is 159.2°, exhibiting outstanding superhydrophobicity performance. Furthermore, the superhydrophobicity coating also showed satisfactory durability performance in 200 g load wear test after 50 cycles. Importantly, the superhydrophobic coating displayed promising mechanical durability, chemical stability performance, as well as maintained excellent superhydrophobic properties after being placed in water for 3 weeks, indicating the potential for long-term utilization. In the simulated scale inhibition test, it was found that the synthesized coating can also significantly decrease the deposition rate of CaCO3 and successfully enhance its scale inhibition performance.
{"title":"Nano-silica modified with silane and fluorinated chemicals to prepare a superhydrophobic coating for enhancing self-cleaning performance","authors":"Guisheng Zeng, B. Gong, Yingpeng Li, Kun Wang, Qian Guan","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.240","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent self-cleaning performance have attracted significant concerns from researchers. Although various superhydrophobic coatings with prominent superhydrophobic properties have been fabricated, most developed coatings are still inadequate in pipeline scale inhibition applications. In this work, nano-silica (nano-SiO2) was modified by silane coupling of vinyltriethoxysilane (VETS) and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS) to prepare a superhydrophobic coating. Organosilicon of PFTS and VETS was grafted onto the surface of SiO2 for preparing the superhydrophobic coating with low surface energy, and the superhydrophobic coating was cured via poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The results showed that the contact angle of the prepared silica-based superhydrophobic coating, denoted as VETS-PFTS@SiO2/PVDF, is 159.2°, exhibiting outstanding superhydrophobicity performance. Furthermore, the superhydrophobicity coating also showed satisfactory durability performance in 200 g load wear test after 50 cycles. Importantly, the superhydrophobic coating displayed promising mechanical durability, chemical stability performance, as well as maintained excellent superhydrophobic properties after being placed in water for 3 weeks, indicating the potential for long-term utilization. In the simulated scale inhibition test, it was found that the synthesized coating can also significantly decrease the deposition rate of CaCO3 and successfully enhance its scale inhibition performance.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"8 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fathul Mahdariza, Wilhelm Georg, Henri Pronold, T. Morck
The study analyses the performance of a pilot plant using a rotating hollow fibre (HF) membrane bioreactor system. The experiments evaluated the effect of operational parameters such as rotational speed, aeration strategies, and maintenance cleaning (MC) procedures on the efficiency of the system, in particular transmembrane pressure (TMP) and filtrate quality. The results indicate that the rotating membrane module reduces TMP increase and can operate for 48 days with satisfactory performance, even without aeration. This has the potential to significantly improve efficiency, resulting in significant energy savings. In addition, two MC methods, clean in air and clean in place, were tested and found to be efficient for weekly MC. It was observed that operating without aeration during colder seasons may not be effective. Therefore, adaptive strategies are needed to address seasonal temperature variations.
该研究分析了使用旋转中空纤维（HF）膜生物反应器系统的试点工厂的性能。实验评估了旋转速度、曝气策略和维护清洁（MC）程序等操作参数对系统效率的影响，特别是跨膜压力（TMP）和滤液质量。结果表明，旋转膜组件可减少 TMP 的增加，即使在不通气的情况下，也能以令人满意的性能运行 48 天。这有可能大大提高效率，从而节省大量能源。此外，还测试了两种 MC 方法（空气中清洁和就地清洁），发现这两种方法在每周 MC 方面都很有效。据观察，在寒冷季节不通气的操作可能并不有效。因此，需要采取适应性策略来应对季节性温度变化。
{"title":"Enhancing the membrane bioreactor efficiency: the impact of rotating membrane modules and aeration strategies on the transmembrane pressure","authors":"Fathul Mahdariza, Wilhelm Georg, Henri Pronold, T. Morck","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.242","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study analyses the performance of a pilot plant using a rotating hollow fibre (HF) membrane bioreactor system. The experiments evaluated the effect of operational parameters such as rotational speed, aeration strategies, and maintenance cleaning (MC) procedures on the efficiency of the system, in particular transmembrane pressure (TMP) and filtrate quality. The results indicate that the rotating membrane module reduces TMP increase and can operate for 48 days with satisfactory performance, even without aeration. This has the potential to significantly improve efficiency, resulting in significant energy savings. In addition, two MC methods, clean in air and clean in place, were tested and found to be efficient for weekly MC. It was observed that operating without aeration during colder seasons may not be effective. Therefore, adaptive strategies are needed to address seasonal temperature variations.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Zorrilla, M. C. Sadino-Riquelme, Felipe Hansen, Andrés Donoso-Bravo
Accurately characterizing the substrate used in anaerobic digestion is crucial for predicting the biogas plant's performance. This issue makes particularly challenging the application of modeling in codigestion plants. In this work, a novel methodology called substrate prediction module (SPM) has been developed and tested, using virtual codigestion data. The SPM aims to estimate the inlet properties of the substrate based on the reverse application of the anaerobic digestion model n1 (ADM1). The results show that, while the SPM can estimate some properties of the substrate based on certain output parameters, there are limitations in accurately determining all required variables.
{"title":"Soft sensor for substrate characterization through the reverse application of the ADM1 model for anaerobic digestion plant operations","authors":"F. Zorrilla, M. C. Sadino-Riquelme, Felipe Hansen, Andrés Donoso-Bravo","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.239","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Accurately characterizing the substrate used in anaerobic digestion is crucial for predicting the biogas plant's performance. This issue makes particularly challenging the application of modeling in codigestion plants. In this work, a novel methodology called substrate prediction module (SPM) has been developed and tested, using virtual codigestion data. The SPM aims to estimate the inlet properties of the substrate based on the reverse application of the anaerobic digestion model n1 (ADM1). The results show that, while the SPM can estimate some properties of the substrate based on certain output parameters, there are limitations in accurately determining all required variables.","PeriodicalId":505935,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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