Youngmin Park, Hyangju Kang, Kyungmin Min, Nam-Hyung Kim, Minhee Park, I. Ouh, Ha-Hyun Kim, Jae-Young Song, Dong-Kun Yang, E. Sohn, Sangmin Lee
Rabies remains an infectious disease among humans and animals, and requires the development of an effective vaccine essential to prevent rabies. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have led to the development and improvement of many rabies vaccines. Before the third-generation of the vaccine, rabies vaccines were based on the virus itself. Thus, even if effective, these vaccines may not be completely safe, resulting in a strong demand for the development of effective subunit vaccines that do not raise concerns about virus replication and infection in the host. This study investigated the ability of the glycoprotein of the rabies virus to be expressed in tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) and to induce an immune response in mice. Using a transient transfection, a soluble glycoprotein was successfully expressed in N. benthamiana. Fusing of five histidine residues at the C-terminus enabled the glycoprotein to be easily purified by affinity chromatography. The glycoprotein expressed in the plants was found to be N-glycosylated post-translationally, and the mice immunised with this glycoprotein generated neutralising antibodies against the rabies virus. These results suggest that a glycoprotein produced in the endoplasmic reticulum of N. benthamiana is bioactive, and might be used to generate a subunit vaccine against the rabies virus.
{"title":"Rabies virus glycoprotein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana is an immunogenic antigen in mice","authors":"Youngmin Park, Hyangju Kang, Kyungmin Min, Nam-Hyung Kim, Minhee Park, I. Ouh, Ha-Hyun Kim, Jae-Young Song, Dong-Kun Yang, E. Sohn, Sangmin Lee","doi":"10.17221/25/2020-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/25/2020-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies remains an infectious disease among humans and animals, and requires the development of an effective vaccine essential to prevent rabies. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have led to the development and improvement of many rabies vaccines. Before the third-generation of the vaccine, rabies vaccines were based on the virus itself. Thus, even if effective, these vaccines may not be completely safe, resulting in a strong demand for the development of effective subunit vaccines that do not raise concerns about virus replication and infection in the host. This study investigated the ability of the glycoprotein of the rabies virus to be expressed in tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) and to induce an immune response in mice. Using a transient transfection, a soluble glycoprotein was successfully expressed in N. benthamiana. Fusing of five histidine residues at the C-terminus enabled the glycoprotein to be easily purified by affinity chromatography. The glycoprotein expressed in the plants was found to be N-glycosylated post-translationally, and the mice immunised with this glycoprotein generated neutralising antibodies against the rabies virus. These results suggest that a glycoprotein produced in the endoplasmic reticulum of N. benthamiana is bioactive, and might be used to generate a subunit vaccine against the rabies virus.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/25/2020-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44622708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In vitro meristem cultures have been used for the production of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) virus-free rootstocks worldwide, because multipropagation is considered to preserve the genetic stability of the produced plantlet. Nevertheless, in vitro tissue cultures can cause genetic and epigenetic changes. Therefore, we studied the genetic and epigenetic variability of Saaz Osvald’s clones, Sládek and Premiant cultivars on the DNA methylation level by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). In vitro propagated plants, acclimatised glasshouse rootstocks as well as derived mericlones and control plants under field conditions were used for the analyses. A total of 346 clearly and highly reproducible amplified products were detected in the MSAP analyses within the studied hop plants. We found 16 polymorphic products (4.6% of products) and 64 products with methylation changes (18.5% of products) in the analyses. The demethylation events were comparable to the de novo methylation events. Most demethylation changes were found in the in vitro plants, but only a few of them were found in the derived mericlones under field conditions. In contrast, the de novo methylation changes persisted in the acclimatised plants under glasshouse or field conditions. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used for the evaluation of the molecular genetic variability within the individual samples. The dendrogram showed that the individual samples of the same variety, more or less, clustered together. Because the methylation status varied during the virus-free rootstock production process, we suppose that de/methylation process is a natural tool of epigenetics and evolution in vegetatively propagated plants.
{"title":"Assessment of epigenetic methylation changes in hop (Humulus lupulus) plants obtained by meristem culture","authors":"J. Patzak, A. Henychová, P. Svoboda, I. Malířová","doi":"10.17221/27/2020-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/27/2020-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro meristem cultures have been used for the production of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) virus-free rootstocks worldwide, because multipropagation is considered to preserve the genetic stability of the produced plantlet. Nevertheless, in vitro tissue cultures can cause genetic and epigenetic changes. Therefore, we studied the genetic and epigenetic variability of Saaz Osvald’s clones, Sládek and Premiant cultivars on the DNA methylation level by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). In vitro propagated plants, acclimatised glasshouse rootstocks as well as derived mericlones and control plants under field conditions were used for the analyses. A total of 346 clearly and highly reproducible amplified products were detected in the MSAP analyses within the studied hop plants. We found 16 polymorphic products (4.6% of products) and 64 products with methylation changes (18.5% of products) in the analyses. The demethylation events were comparable to the de novo methylation events. Most demethylation changes were found in the in vitro plants, but only a few of them were found in the derived mericlones under field conditions. In contrast, the de novo methylation changes persisted in the acclimatised plants under glasshouse or field conditions. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used for the evaluation of the molecular genetic variability within the individual samples. The dendrogram showed that the individual samples of the same variety, more or less, clustered together. Because the methylation status varied during the virus-free rootstock production process, we suppose that de/methylation process is a natural tool of epigenetics and evolution in vegetatively propagated plants.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/27/2020-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell wall digestibility is an important quality trait of modern silage maize cultivars. The symbiotic relationship between microbes and ruminant livestock enables the efficient upcycling of otherwise for human consumption unsuitable rumen digestible fibre or cell wall components into highly nutritious milk and meat. Before entering the Czech National List of Plant Varieties, new silage maize germplasm is extensively tested for different cell wall digestibility parameters. Recently published, the undigestible neutral detergent fibre (uNDF) cell wall digestibility approach promises even greater practical relevance. The aim of our study was, therefore, to assess the potential of the uNDF method, compared with current standard procedures, using a vast set of official Czech plant variety trial evaluations and Czech silage analyses from the 2018 cropping season. The uNDF method yielded a twice as high phenotypic standard deviation, compared with the current standard approaches. This is good news for plant breeders, official variety testing organisations, and farm professionals alike, enabeling faster variety improvement and simpler variety selection. On the other hand, due to the low differentiation potential, we discourage the use of the absolute lignin content when selecting for digestible silage maize varieties. Since between the digestibility traits enzymatic soluble organic substance (ELOS) and cellulase digestibility (DCS), a Pearson correlation close to one was observed, the substitution of one of these analytics by the uNDF method, may render valuable additional information in a highly economical manner.
{"title":"Potentials to breed for improved fibre digestibility in temperate Czech maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm","authors":"M. Schönleben, J. Mentschel, L. Střelec","doi":"10.17221/11/2020-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/11/2020-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"Cell wall digestibility is an important quality trait of modern silage maize cultivars. The symbiotic relationship between microbes and ruminant livestock enables the efficient upcycling of otherwise for human consumption unsuitable rumen digestible fibre or cell wall components into highly nutritious milk and meat. Before entering the Czech National List of Plant Varieties, new silage maize germplasm is extensively tested for different cell wall digestibility parameters. Recently published, the undigestible neutral detergent fibre (uNDF) cell wall digestibility approach promises even greater practical relevance. The aim of our study was, therefore, to assess the potential of the uNDF method, compared with current standard procedures, using a vast set of official Czech plant variety trial evaluations and Czech silage analyses from the 2018 cropping season. The uNDF method yielded a twice as high phenotypic standard deviation, compared with the current standard approaches. This is good news for plant breeders, official variety testing organisations, and farm professionals alike, enabeling faster variety improvement and simpler variety selection. On the other hand, due to the low differentiation potential, we discourage the use of the absolute lignin content when selecting for digestible silage maize varieties. Since between the digestibility traits enzymatic soluble organic substance (ELOS) and cellulase digestibility (DCS), a Pearson correlation close to one was observed, the substitution of one of these analytics by the uNDF method, may render valuable additional information in a highly economical manner.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/11/2020-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiuzhen Sun, Junting Wang, Su Dongying, Yang Jinchu, Wang Erbin, Shixi Wu, Li Meng, Lin Ma
Tobacco genetic purity is crucial to maintain the quality of cigarette products in the tobacco industry. To reduce the difficulties in the discrimination of large number of tobacco cultivars in production practice, we developed a two-step identification strategy by using SCAR and RAPD markers. A total of 53 tobacco cultivars were examined in the study. Initially, all the selected cultivars were divided into four groups, each group consisted of seven to seventeen tobacco cultivars based on difference in phenotypes identified by the SCAR markers S4 and S8. Later, in each group, each tobacco cultivar was identified using RAPD fingerprinting by using one to four polymorphic primers, which were selected from 200 random primers. The results showed that all 53 tobacco cultivars could be effectively distinguished by using only two SCAR and seven RAPD markers. The two-step fingerprinting strategy could be used as a convenient and cost-effective tool to discriminate large numbers of tobacco cultivars for production planning in the tobacco industry.
{"title":"Discrimination of tobacco cultivars using SCAR and RAPD markers","authors":"Jiuzhen Sun, Junting Wang, Su Dongying, Yang Jinchu, Wang Erbin, Shixi Wu, Li Meng, Lin Ma","doi":"10.17221/120/2019-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/120/2019-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco genetic purity is crucial to maintain the quality of cigarette products in the tobacco industry. To reduce the difficulties in the discrimination of large number of tobacco cultivars in production practice, we developed a two-step identification strategy by using SCAR and RAPD markers. A total of 53 tobacco cultivars were examined in the study. Initially, all the selected cultivars were divided into four groups, each group consisted of seven to seventeen tobacco cultivars based on difference in phenotypes identified by the SCAR markers S4 and S8. Later, in each group, each tobacco cultivar was identified using RAPD fingerprinting by using one to four polymorphic primers, which were selected from 200 random primers. The results showed that all 53 tobacco cultivars could be effectively distinguished by using only two SCAR and seven RAPD markers. The two-step fingerprinting strategy could be used as a convenient and cost-effective tool to discriminate large numbers of tobacco cultivars for production planning in the tobacco industry.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/120/2019-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Karapetsi, I. Nianiou-Obeidat, A. Zambounis, M. Osathanunkul, P. Madesis
Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis has the most destructive effects among other phytopathogens in apple crops all over the world. The integration of resistance genes from local and domestic cultivars is a prerequisite for the efficient control of this disease and is a main target in efficient breeding approaches. Across Greece, many domestic apple cultivars are reported without deep knowledge about the presence and diversity of scab resistance genes. In this study, the presence of five resistance genes (Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi8 and Rvi11) was evaluated across twenty local and domestic apple genotypes, employing twelve molecular markers closely linked to known apple scab resistance loci. Significant differences and polymorphisms among the tested cultivars were detected suggesting that some of them carry a sufficient number of resistance genes. This observed genetic diversity could be exploited in ongoing breeding approaches as a natural source of polygenic resistance against apple scab.
{"title":"Molecular screening of domestic apple cultivars for scab resistance genes in Greece","authors":"L. Karapetsi, I. Nianiou-Obeidat, A. Zambounis, M. Osathanunkul, P. Madesis","doi":"10.17221/119/2019-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/119/2019-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis has the most destructive effects among other phytopathogens in apple crops all over the world. The integration of resistance genes from local and domestic cultivars is a prerequisite for the efficient control of this disease and is a main target in efficient breeding approaches. Across Greece, many domestic apple cultivars are reported without deep knowledge about the presence and diversity of scab resistance genes. In this study, the presence of five resistance genes (Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi8 and Rvi11) was evaluated across twenty local and domestic apple genotypes, employing twelve molecular markers closely linked to known apple scab resistance loci. Significant differences and polymorphisms among the tested cultivars were detected suggesting that some of them carry a sufficient number of resistance genes. This observed genetic diversity could be exploited in ongoing breeding approaches as a natural source of polygenic resistance against apple scab.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/119/2019-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47877899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Petrauskas, E. Norkeviciene, V. Stukonis, V. Kemešytė
Changes in the gene pool and homogeneity of red clover cultivars occur over time. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly renew the breeding material and foundation seed. Moreover, the market also prescribes a new demand. Based on the Natura 2000 habitats profile, we collected seeds from 39 locations across Lithuania in 2016. The phenotypic traits that affect the seed yield of red clover were analysed in 2018. The homogeneity of the populations with reference to the seed yield and 1 000 seed weight (TSW) were determined as well. Also, the possibility of obtaining two seed yields per season under drought conditions from wild genotypes of red clover was analysed. We found that the final seed yield mostly depends on the seed number per flower head (SN/FH), which strongly correlated with 1st component of PCA during first (r = 0.91) and second (0.92) harvest. Meanwhile, the cluster analysis showed that the typical wild red clover has a lower seed weight than the cultivars and could be clustered on the basis of seed homogeneity. Finally, based on the seed phenotype and harvest components, there were five prospective accessions (2177, 2871, 2876, 2898 and 2899) for a new cultivar prototype.
{"title":"Phenotypic traits for wild red clover seed yield under drought conditions","authors":"G. Petrauskas, E. Norkeviciene, V. Stukonis, V. Kemešytė","doi":"10.17221/111/2019-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/111/2019-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the gene pool and homogeneity of red clover cultivars occur over time. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly renew the breeding material and foundation seed. Moreover, the market also prescribes a new demand. Based on the Natura 2000 habitats profile, we collected seeds from 39 locations across Lithuania in 2016. The phenotypic traits that affect the seed yield of red clover were analysed in 2018. The homogeneity of the populations with reference to the seed yield and 1 000 seed weight (TSW) were determined as well. Also, the possibility of obtaining two seed yields per season under drought conditions from wild genotypes of red clover was analysed. We found that the final seed yield mostly depends on the seed number per flower head (SN/FH), which strongly correlated with 1st component of PCA during first (r = 0.91) and second (0.92) harvest. Meanwhile, the cluster analysis showed that the typical wild red clover has a lower seed weight than the cultivars and could be clustered on the basis of seed homogeneity. Finally, based on the seed phenotype and harvest components, there were five prospective accessions (2177, 2871, 2876, 2898 and 2899) for a new cultivar prototype.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/111/2019-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2016–2018 virulence of the Czech wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines, carrying different Lr genes, and 130 leaf rust isolates. Virulence to Lr9 was found only sporadically. Virulence frequency to Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c and Lr28 was lower than in previous years. All tested isolates were avirulent to Lr19. Lr24 conditioned resistance to majority of isolates. Nineteen recently registered Czech cultivars were tested with six isolates of the pathogen and Lr genes were postulated. Presence of genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34 and Lr37 was tested by molecular markers. Lr37 prevailed, followed by Lr genes 10, 24, 28, 1 and 26; genes Lr19 and Lr34 were not determined.
{"title":"Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) virulence frequency and detection of resistance genes in wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic in 2016–2018","authors":"A. Hanzalová, V. Dumalasová, Ondřej Zelba","doi":"10.17221/86/2019-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/86/2019-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016–2018 virulence of the Czech wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines, carrying different Lr genes, and 130 leaf rust isolates. Virulence to Lr9 was found only sporadically. Virulence frequency to Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c and Lr28 was lower than in previous years. All tested isolates were avirulent to Lr19. Lr24 conditioned resistance to majority of isolates. Nineteen recently registered Czech cultivars were tested with six isolates of the pathogen and Lr genes were postulated. Presence of genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34 and Lr37 was tested by molecular markers. Lr37 prevailed, followed by Lr genes 10, 24, 28, 1 and 26; genes Lr19 and Lr34 were not determined.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/86/2019-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45963004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Krisnawati, A. Soegianto, Budi Waluyo, K. Kuswanto
The study is aimed at evaluating the pod shattering resistance of F8 soybean lines based on the shattering incidence and shattering severity. The materials consist of fourteen F8 soybean lines and two check cultivars. The pod shattering incidence was examined by using the oven-dry method, meanwhile, the shattering severity was evaluated based on the severity of the pod opening. The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering incidence resulted in five resistant lines (7–10% shattering), seven moderate lines (13–23% shattering), one susceptible line (53% shattering), and one very susceptible line (100% shattering). The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering severity showed that the pod opening on the ventral side differed between the lines and between the shattering degree, and it tends to form sigmoid curves with a different peak position for each shattering degree. The shattering severity of the resistant, moderate, and susceptible lines reached a peak at 60 °C, 50 °C, and 40 °C, respectively. A longer pod length indicated by the length of the dorsal (r = 0.827**) and ventral (r = 0.880**) sides of the pod, a higher total pod weight (0.827**), and a larger seed size (0.794**) will increase the degree of susceptibility to pod shattering. Those characteristics were considered to be the ones that should be used as the selection criteria in the breeding programme for pod shattering resistance in soybeans.
{"title":"The pod shattering resistance of soybean lines based on the shattering incidence and severity","authors":"A. Krisnawati, A. Soegianto, Budi Waluyo, K. Kuswanto","doi":"10.17221/20/2020-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/20/2020-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at evaluating the pod shattering resistance of F8 soybean lines based on the shattering incidence and shattering severity. The materials consist of fourteen F8 soybean lines and two check cultivars. The pod shattering incidence was examined by using the oven-dry method, meanwhile, the shattering severity was evaluated based on the severity of the pod opening. The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering incidence resulted in five resistant lines (7–10% shattering), seven moderate lines (13–23% shattering), one susceptible line (53% shattering), and one very susceptible line (100% shattering). The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering severity showed that the pod opening on the ventral side differed between the lines and between the shattering degree, and it tends to form sigmoid curves with a different peak position for each shattering degree. The shattering severity of the resistant, moderate, and susceptible lines reached a peak at 60 °C, 50 °C, and 40 °C, respectively. A longer pod length indicated by the length of the dorsal (r = 0.827**) and ventral (r = 0.880**) sides of the pod, a higher total pod weight (0.827**), and a larger seed size (0.794**) will increase the degree of susceptibility to pod shattering. Those characteristics were considered to be the ones that should be used as the selection criteria in the breeding programme for pod shattering resistance in soybeans.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/20/2020-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44532117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assadollah Zakeri Haddadan, M. Ghaffari, E. Hervan, B. Alizadeh
To study the impact of parent-inbred lines on the heterosis expression of the agronomic characteristics in sunflower hybrids, 24 sunflower hybrids along with the parent lines were evaluated for their agronomic characteristics as a randomised complete block design with three replications in the 2018–2019 growing seasons in Karaj, Iran. According to the results, the hybrids R29 × A346, R19 × A346, R29 × A40 had the highest achene yield (4 159, 4 143 and 4 108 kg/ha, respectively), but the highest heterosis was observed in R29 × A212 and R19 × A212 (182 and 181%, respectively) suggesting that the incidence of heterosis is related to the relative performance of both the parents and hybrids. The results confirmed the heterosis expression for most of the agronomic traits. The heterosis for the days to flowering and maturity were negative. All the mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for the plant height, head diameter, stem diameter and achene number were positive, while only the plant height was positive for the best parent heterosis (BPH). Almost all the MPH and BPH of the crosses for the achene and oil yield were positive, which indicates a considerable heterosis for the achene and oil yield. The results showed that the relative impact of the restorer (R)-lines was higher than the cytoplasmic mail sterile (CMS)-lines on the heterosis expression for the days to maturity, stem diameter, achene number per head and achene and oil yield. The CMS-lines had more of an impact on the heterosis expression for the plant height and the relative impact of the R-lines and CMS-lines were almost similar for the days to flowering, head diameter, achene weight and oil content. Due to the higher relative impact of the paternal lines on the heterosis expression for half of the studied characteristics in this study, choosing suitable parental lines will have a crucial role in breeding the sunflowers for a desired trait.
{"title":"Impact of parent inbred lines on heterosis expression for agronomic characteristics in sunflower","authors":"Assadollah Zakeri Haddadan, M. Ghaffari, E. Hervan, B. Alizadeh","doi":"10.17221/100/2019-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/100/2019-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"To study the impact of parent-inbred lines on the heterosis expression of the agronomic characteristics in sunflower hybrids, 24 sunflower hybrids along with the parent lines were evaluated for their agronomic characteristics as a randomised complete block design with three replications in the 2018–2019 growing seasons in Karaj, Iran. According to the results, the hybrids R29 × A346, R19 × A346, R29 × A40 had the highest achene yield (4 159, 4 143 and 4 108 kg/ha, respectively), but the highest heterosis was observed in R29 × A212 and R19 × A212 (182 and 181%, respectively) suggesting that the incidence of heterosis is related to the relative performance of both the parents and hybrids. The results confirmed the heterosis expression for most of the agronomic traits. The heterosis for the days to flowering and maturity were negative. All the mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for the plant height, head diameter, stem diameter and achene number were positive, while only the plant height was positive for the best parent heterosis (BPH). Almost all the MPH and BPH of the crosses for the achene and oil yield were positive, which indicates a considerable heterosis for the achene and oil yield. The results showed that the relative impact of the restorer (R)-lines was higher than the cytoplasmic mail sterile (CMS)-lines on the heterosis expression for the days to maturity, stem diameter, achene number per head and achene and oil yield. The CMS-lines had more of an impact on the heterosis expression for the plant height and the relative impact of the R-lines and CMS-lines were almost similar for the days to flowering, head diameter, achene weight and oil content. Due to the higher relative impact of the paternal lines on the heterosis expression for half of the studied characteristics in this study, choosing suitable parental lines will have a crucial role in breeding the sunflowers for a desired trait.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/100/2019-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44810337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronika Kselíková, T. Vyhnánek, P. Hanáček, P. Martínek
Grain hardness is an important quality trait of cereals. In the present work, the particle size index (PSI) was used to assess the variability in grain hardness of thirteen triticale genotypes, three wheat genotypes and one rye genotype grown in two subsequent seasons. The PSI values of the triticale samples ranged between 7.7 to 19.2%, representing a medium hard to a very hard grain. Moreover, the sequencing of genes in the Hardness (Ha) locus revealed a limited genetic variability in the grain hardness genes, namely secaloindoline-a (Sina) and secaloindoline-b (Sinb). Two possible new allelic variants were identified, one for each of the secaloindoline genes. The existing variability in the grain hardness as well as polymorphisms in its candidate genes are a good starting point for efforts in breeding new varieties of triticale with improved grain hardness.
{"title":"Grain hardness in triticale: a physical and molecular evaluation","authors":"Veronika Kselíková, T. Vyhnánek, P. Hanáček, P. Martínek","doi":"10.17221/96/2019-cjgpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/96/2019-cjgpb","url":null,"abstract":"Grain hardness is an important quality trait of cereals. In the present work, the particle size index (PSI) was used to assess the variability in grain hardness of thirteen triticale genotypes, three wheat genotypes and one rye genotype grown in two subsequent seasons. The PSI values of the triticale samples ranged between 7.7 to 19.2%, representing a medium hard to a very hard grain. Moreover, the sequencing of genes in the Hardness (Ha) locus revealed a limited genetic variability in the grain hardness genes, namely secaloindoline-a (Sina) and secaloindoline-b (Sinb). Two possible new allelic variants were identified, one for each of the secaloindoline genes. The existing variability in the grain hardness as well as polymorphisms in its candidate genes are a good starting point for efforts in breeding new varieties of triticale with improved grain hardness.","PeriodicalId":50598,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/96/2019-cjgpb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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