Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1177/09544089241251775
Mukesh Kumar, Vinod K Singh, Ravikant Ravi, Vikas Verma, Akhilesh Arora, Tabish Alam, Anil S Yadav, Abhishek Sharma
The global energy demand is expected to rise due to improved living standards, population growth, and urbanization. It underscores the need to explore alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, derived from renewable feedstock, is considered a promising solution to meet future energy needs while addressing concerns about dwindling fossil fuel reserves and environmental issues. Microalgal oils are identified as third-generation feedstock for biofuels production due to their advantages over conventional edible crops and non-edible oils, which face limitations in availability and yield. Microalgal oils are particularly significant because edible oils serve as food sources, and non-edible oil resources have slow growth rate as well as less oil yields. For biodiesel derived from any feedstock, meeting specific physical and chemical properties to comply with biodiesel standards. Therefore, thoroughly examining the conversion process from microalgal oil to biodiesel is necessary. This study explores various aspects of microalgal oils as biodiesel feedstock, including different microalgal species and their oil content, technologies used for biodiesel production from microalgal oils and biomass, and biodiesel standards and characterization across other countries. Techno-economics and Life Cycle Assessment are applied in this study to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of microalgae-based processes, addressing challenges such as data availability, uncertainty, and stakeholder engagement. This review highlights a significant opportunity to produce biodiesel from microalgal feedstock, which could contribute to future biodiesel production and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional diesel fuels.
{"title":"Biodiesel production from microalgae oils: A critical review","authors":"Mukesh Kumar, Vinod K Singh, Ravikant Ravi, Vikas Verma, Akhilesh Arora, Tabish Alam, Anil S Yadav, Abhishek Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09544089241251775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251775","url":null,"abstract":"The global energy demand is expected to rise due to improved living standards, population growth, and urbanization. It underscores the need to explore alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, derived from renewable feedstock, is considered a promising solution to meet future energy needs while addressing concerns about dwindling fossil fuel reserves and environmental issues. Microalgal oils are identified as third-generation feedstock for biofuels production due to their advantages over conventional edible crops and non-edible oils, which face limitations in availability and yield. Microalgal oils are particularly significant because edible oils serve as food sources, and non-edible oil resources have slow growth rate as well as less oil yields. For biodiesel derived from any feedstock, meeting specific physical and chemical properties to comply with biodiesel standards. Therefore, thoroughly examining the conversion process from microalgal oil to biodiesel is necessary. This study explores various aspects of microalgal oils as biodiesel feedstock, including different microalgal species and their oil content, technologies used for biodiesel production from microalgal oils and biomass, and biodiesel standards and characterization across other countries. Techno-economics and Life Cycle Assessment are applied in this study to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of microalgae-based processes, addressing challenges such as data availability, uncertainty, and stakeholder engagement. This review highlights a significant opportunity to produce biodiesel from microalgal feedstock, which could contribute to future biodiesel production and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional diesel fuels.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1177/09544089241253687
K. Bala Subrahmanyam, Pritam Das, Valaparla Ranjith Kumar
Recent technological advancement creates high-dense circuits development which creates colossal cooling demand requirements. In the future, advanced technology and scientific applications need to balance heat fluxes beyond limitation that catalyse the research opportunities further to achieve cooling requirements. Conventional cooling equipment is inappropriate for extracting heat from microchips within the minimal surface area. Microchannel technology appeared as a next-generation heat exchanger for the given heat duty. In the classical case of accounting, micro-heat exchangers both axial and transverse wall conduction effects is usually neglected. However, from the year 2005 onwards, researchers identified conduction dominance at fluid velocity is zero zones at the interface, which created balance between conduction–convection currents, finally included axial wall/heat conduction effects to a general model. This present study made a comparative evaluation fluid flow, heat transfer characteristics, thermal performance (TP) based on geometrical parameters, substrate materials and discusses previous issues, and current issues-based future research directions. Till today, based on applications of microchannels in thermal management, several experimental and numerical investigations have been reported for further improvement in TP. However, many researchers are still trying to accomplish things over a long period. Therefore, an overview of previous studies is furnished in the present study to assist researchers in this area much useful for further improvement.
{"title":"An overview of conjugate heat transfer augmentation methods for thermal management and recent advancements in microchannel heat sink overall performance","authors":"K. Bala Subrahmanyam, Pritam Das, Valaparla Ranjith Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09544089241253687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253687","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological advancement creates high-dense circuits development which creates colossal cooling demand requirements. In the future, advanced technology and scientific applications need to balance heat fluxes beyond limitation that catalyse the research opportunities further to achieve cooling requirements. Conventional cooling equipment is inappropriate for extracting heat from microchips within the minimal surface area. Microchannel technology appeared as a next-generation heat exchanger for the given heat duty. In the classical case of accounting, micro-heat exchangers both axial and transverse wall conduction effects is usually neglected. However, from the year 2005 onwards, researchers identified conduction dominance at fluid velocity is zero zones at the interface, which created balance between conduction–convection currents, finally included axial wall/heat conduction effects to a general model. This present study made a comparative evaluation fluid flow, heat transfer characteristics, thermal performance (TP) based on geometrical parameters, substrate materials and discusses previous issues, and current issues-based future research directions. Till today, based on applications of microchannels in thermal management, several experimental and numerical investigations have been reported for further improvement in TP. However, many researchers are still trying to accomplish things over a long period. Therefore, an overview of previous studies is furnished in the present study to assist researchers in this area much useful for further improvement.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1177/09544089241255657
S. S. Nisha, Poulomi De
This study provides numerical solution for two-dimensional electro-osmotically motivated electro-magneto-hydrodynamic Sisko fluid through an elongating porous cylinder. The electro-osmotic, activation energy with chemical reaction are also interpreted for this flow model. The numerical equations that govern this flow problem are renewed into dimensionless form by applying appropriate transformations exploiting Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth order through shooting technique method. The after-effects are illustrated as graphs for the concerned physical parameters and their impact on convection and conduction is also studied. The velocity rises for electro-osmotic parameter whereas drops for magnetic and porous parameter. The temperature shows an increasing profile for the curvature, electric and thermal conductivity parameter while decreases for Prandtl number. The concentration of nanoparticles in the fluid boosts for activation energy but deflates for curvature parameter. The present findings appear to be in good accord when compared to earlier published studies. Numerous opportunities and applications are presented by applying electro-osmotic forces to non-Newtonian fluid flow, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, electro-kinetics and micro-fluids. The current study can be applied to design effective electro-magnetic devices, particularly in certain thermal transport characteristic regime. The main findings demonstrate the great utility of electro-osmosis in micro-fluidic devices, chemical analysis, soil analysis and cement slurries for managing flow and heat transmission.
{"title":"Impact of electro-osmotic, activation energy and chemical reaction on Sisko fluid over Darcy–Forchheimer porous stretching cylinder","authors":"S. S. Nisha, Poulomi De","doi":"10.1177/09544089241255657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241255657","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides numerical solution for two-dimensional electro-osmotically motivated electro-magneto-hydrodynamic Sisko fluid through an elongating porous cylinder. The electro-osmotic, activation energy with chemical reaction are also interpreted for this flow model. The numerical equations that govern this flow problem are renewed into dimensionless form by applying appropriate transformations exploiting Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth order through shooting technique method. The after-effects are illustrated as graphs for the concerned physical parameters and their impact on convection and conduction is also studied. The velocity rises for electro-osmotic parameter whereas drops for magnetic and porous parameter. The temperature shows an increasing profile for the curvature, electric and thermal conductivity parameter while decreases for Prandtl number. The concentration of nanoparticles in the fluid boosts for activation energy but deflates for curvature parameter. The present findings appear to be in good accord when compared to earlier published studies. Numerous opportunities and applications are presented by applying electro-osmotic forces to non-Newtonian fluid flow, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, electro-kinetics and micro-fluids. The current study can be applied to design effective electro-magnetic devices, particularly in certain thermal transport characteristic regime. The main findings demonstrate the great utility of electro-osmosis in micro-fluidic devices, chemical analysis, soil analysis and cement slurries for managing flow and heat transmission.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/09544089241253742
Hiranmoy Maiti, Swati Mukhopadhyay, K. Vajravelu
The analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Marangoni fluid flow, heat, and mass transport over a disk is considered in this article. The fluid is assumed to pass radially over a stretching disk. Suction/blowing at the boundary, internal heat generation/absorption, and a first-order chemical reaction are also considered. By using appropriate similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs along with the appropriate boundary conditions for the model are solved numerically by a shooting technique using MATHEMATICA software. The obtained results are compared with the available results in the literature for some special cases. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the Marangoni number, Marangoni ratio parameter along with the other pertinent parameters on fluid flow, heat and mass transport are analyzed and discussed in detail. It is noted that higher magnetic field depresses the fluid velocity whereas the fluid temperature and fluid concentration are uplifted with an increase in the magnetic field parameter. A quite opposite behavior is observed for Marangoni number. Marangoni ratio parameter boosted the fluid velocity as well as the fluid concentration and the temperature. Also externally applied suction significantly affects the fluid behavior. Increasing chemical reaction parameter reduces the fluid concentration. It is observed that a maximum increase in the Nusselt number occurs for Marangoni parameter Ma, which is 34.75595% when the suction/injection parameter s = 0.5. Also, for Marangoni ratio parameter Ra, a maximum increase in Nusselt number occurs, which is 6.7884% when suction/injection parameter s = 0.5.
本文分析了磁流体动力学（MHD）马兰戈尼流体在圆盘上的流动、热量和质量传输。假设流体径向流过一个拉伸圆盘。还考虑了边界的吸/吹、内部热量产生/吸收和一阶化学反应。通过使用适当的相似性变换，理事非线性偏微分方程 (PDE) 被转换为常微分方程 (ODE)。通过使用 MATHEMATICA 软件的射击技术，对这些 ODE 以及模型的适当边界条件进行了数值求解。得到的结果与文献中某些特殊情况下的结果进行了比较。详细分析和讨论了磁参数、马兰戈尼数、马兰戈尼比参数以及其他相关参数对流体流动、热量和质量传输的影响。我们注意到，磁场越大，流体速度越低，而流体温度和流体浓度则随着磁场参数的增加而上升。在马兰戈尼数方面，观察到了截然相反的行为。马兰戈尼比率参数提高了流体速度以及流体浓度和温度。此外，外部施加的吸力也会对流体行为产生重大影响。增加化学反应参数会降低流体浓度。据观察，当吸入/注入参数 s = 0.5 时，马兰戈尼参数 Ma 的努塞尔特数增幅最大，达到 34.75595%。此外，对于马兰戈尼比率参数 Ra，当吸入/注入参数 s = 0.5 时，努塞尔特数的增幅最大，为 6.7884%。
{"title":"Magnetohydrodynamic Marangoni fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer over a radially stretching disk in the presence of heat generation and chemical reaction","authors":"Hiranmoy Maiti, Swati Mukhopadhyay, K. Vajravelu","doi":"10.1177/09544089241253742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253742","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Marangoni fluid flow, heat, and mass transport over a disk is considered in this article. The fluid is assumed to pass radially over a stretching disk. Suction/blowing at the boundary, internal heat generation/absorption, and a first-order chemical reaction are also considered. By using appropriate similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs along with the appropriate boundary conditions for the model are solved numerically by a shooting technique using MATHEMATICA software. The obtained results are compared with the available results in the literature for some special cases. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the Marangoni number, Marangoni ratio parameter along with the other pertinent parameters on fluid flow, heat and mass transport are analyzed and discussed in detail. It is noted that higher magnetic field depresses the fluid velocity whereas the fluid temperature and fluid concentration are uplifted with an increase in the magnetic field parameter. A quite opposite behavior is observed for Marangoni number. Marangoni ratio parameter boosted the fluid velocity as well as the fluid concentration and the temperature. Also externally applied suction significantly affects the fluid behavior. Increasing chemical reaction parameter reduces the fluid concentration. It is observed that a maximum increase in the Nusselt number occurs for Marangoni parameter Ma, which is 34.75595% when the suction/injection parameter s = 0.5. Also, for Marangoni ratio parameter Ra, a maximum increase in Nusselt number occurs, which is 6.7884% when suction/injection parameter s = 0.5.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/09544089241255930
Aqueel Ahmad, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Shifa Hasan
Economic and environmental concerns have propelled alternative fuel research in the last few decades. Numerous research initiatives have been undertaken to optimize energy demand by exploring alternative fuels. This comprehensive review presents an in-depth analysis of the current and future prospects of biogas production, filtration and engine applications. To evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of biogas in compression ignition engines, its impact has been extensively analyzed. The study finds that using biogas as an alternate fuel in a dual-fuel mode engine leads to a degradation of 5–27% in performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, while brake-specific fuel consumption increases by up to 33%. A subsequent study of emissions reveals a 25–65% reduction in nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions. In contrast, the dual-fuel engine showed a 31% increase in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions when compared to a conventional diesel engine. In conclusion, biogas has emerged as a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines due to its sustainable nature and potential for reducing emissions. While there are certain trades-offs in terms of performance parameters, the reduction in harmful emissions makes it a viable option for future research and development.
{"title":"Biogas as a sustainable and viable alternative fuel for diesel engines: A comprehensive review of production, purification, economic analysis and performance evaluation","authors":"Aqueel Ahmad, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Shifa Hasan","doi":"10.1177/09544089241255930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241255930","url":null,"abstract":"Economic and environmental concerns have propelled alternative fuel research in the last few decades. Numerous research initiatives have been undertaken to optimize energy demand by exploring alternative fuels. This comprehensive review presents an in-depth analysis of the current and future prospects of biogas production, filtration and engine applications. To evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of biogas in compression ignition engines, its impact has been extensively analyzed. The study finds that using biogas as an alternate fuel in a dual-fuel mode engine leads to a degradation of 5–27% in performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, while brake-specific fuel consumption increases by up to 33%. A subsequent study of emissions reveals a 25–65% reduction in nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions. In contrast, the dual-fuel engine showed a 31% increase in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions when compared to a conventional diesel engine. In conclusion, biogas has emerged as a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines due to its sustainable nature and potential for reducing emissions. While there are certain trades-offs in terms of performance parameters, the reduction in harmful emissions makes it a viable option for future research and development.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/09544089241256596
Jianchao Chen, Zhaowei Huang, Yushun Lei, Xiaobin Lu, Hong Yan
The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced 2A70 alloy by the coating of ZrO2 (ZrO2@CNTs/2A70) are processed by a hot extrusion process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2@CNTs/2A70 composites were investigated in this study. The results show that the second phase of the composites is broken and uniformly dispersed under the action of shear force and the second phase as well as the ZrO2@CNTs reinforcement is uniformly distributed along the extrusion direction. The hot extrusion process eliminates the cast defects and improves the reinforcing phase's dispersion and the material's mechanical properties are significantly improved. At the extrusion ratio of 25, the composites exhibited notable enhancements in their mechanical properties, as evidenced by a significant increase in hardness, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL), with respective values of 141.7 HV, 237.4 MPa, 309.7 MPa and 13.9%. These values were higher than those obtained from cast composites by 17.5%, 20.0%, 20.9% and 152.7%, respectively. The fracture characteristics of the composite are mainly ductile fractures. Besides, the extruded composites are strengthened mainly by grain refinement and load transfer mechanism.
{"title":"High mechanical properties of CNTs/Al composites achieved by second phase refinement and reinforcement dispersion via hot extrusion","authors":"Jianchao Chen, Zhaowei Huang, Yushun Lei, Xiaobin Lu, Hong Yan","doi":"10.1177/09544089241256596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241256596","url":null,"abstract":"The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced 2A70 alloy by the coating of ZrO2 (ZrO2@CNTs/2A70) are processed by a hot extrusion process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2@CNTs/2A70 composites were investigated in this study. The results show that the second phase of the composites is broken and uniformly dispersed under the action of shear force and the second phase as well as the ZrO2@CNTs reinforcement is uniformly distributed along the extrusion direction. The hot extrusion process eliminates the cast defects and improves the reinforcing phase's dispersion and the material's mechanical properties are significantly improved. At the extrusion ratio of 25, the composites exhibited notable enhancements in their mechanical properties, as evidenced by a significant increase in hardness, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL), with respective values of 141.7 HV, 237.4 MPa, 309.7 MPa and 13.9%. These values were higher than those obtained from cast composites by 17.5%, 20.0%, 20.9% and 152.7%, respectively. The fracture characteristics of the composite are mainly ductile fractures. Besides, the extruded composites are strengthened mainly by grain refinement and load transfer mechanism.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"115 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/09544089241253549
Paramjeet Shakya, Kulwant Singh, H. Arya
A novel methodology has been proposed to tame the arc shape by adopting an external magnetic field, resulting weld profile as required. The co-axial magnetic field developed by specially designed electromagnets is superimposed on the welding arc. It was found that 0-0-S-N configuration provided more penetration than conventional gas tungsten arc welding. A parametric window has been developed for the selected configuration to obtain the desired bead geometry. The experiments were performed using process parameters as suggested by the design matrix, developed using response surface method technique. Mathematical models were evolved from experimental data for penetration and bead width. The evolved model for penetration is adequate up to 99.72% confidence level and for bead width is 99.98% confidence level. The effects of process parameters have been presented in a graphical manner for better understanding. The penetration achieved with the magnetically controlled GTAW process is 3.92 mm, which is 30% more than that achieved with conventional GTAW. The bead width increases initially, up to a certain limit, and then reduces with an increase in excitation current. Further, the experiments have been conducted on the optimized parameters for the validation of models. The refined grains were obtained due to magnetic stirring of the molten pool, which is desirable for improvement in mechanical properties of welds. The average grain size was reduced from 42.55 to 31.03 µm. The improved microstructure containing more amount of acicular ferrite was obtained with magnetically controlled arc.
{"title":"Development of parametric window and optimization of process parameters to predict bead profile in magnetically controlled gas tungsten arc welding","authors":"Paramjeet Shakya, Kulwant Singh, H. Arya","doi":"10.1177/09544089241253549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253549","url":null,"abstract":"A novel methodology has been proposed to tame the arc shape by adopting an external magnetic field, resulting weld profile as required. The co-axial magnetic field developed by specially designed electromagnets is superimposed on the welding arc. It was found that 0-0-S-N configuration provided more penetration than conventional gas tungsten arc welding. A parametric window has been developed for the selected configuration to obtain the desired bead geometry. The experiments were performed using process parameters as suggested by the design matrix, developed using response surface method technique. Mathematical models were evolved from experimental data for penetration and bead width. The evolved model for penetration is adequate up to 99.72% confidence level and for bead width is 99.98% confidence level. The effects of process parameters have been presented in a graphical manner for better understanding. The penetration achieved with the magnetically controlled GTAW process is 3.92 mm, which is 30% more than that achieved with conventional GTAW. The bead width increases initially, up to a certain limit, and then reduces with an increase in excitation current. Further, the experiments have been conducted on the optimized parameters for the validation of models. The refined grains were obtained due to magnetic stirring of the molten pool, which is desirable for improvement in mechanical properties of welds. The average grain size was reduced from 42.55 to 31.03 µm. The improved microstructure containing more amount of acicular ferrite was obtained with magnetically controlled arc.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"97 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to probe postulated phenomena using a paired micropolar and Casson hybrid fluid over a rotating disk. The intension to design a numerical technique (Runge–Kutta fourth-order along with shooting technique) integrated Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) envisioned with a thermal and exponentially space-dependent heat source, nonlinear thermal radiation and entropy production is developed in this phase of work. To ensure that, a nonlinear partial differential equation set of equations has been transformed into an ordinary differential equation by using the proper self-similarity variables. The model's research results, with a few notable outliers, are mostly consistent with those from prior research that was merged into the dataset used to train the ANFIS model. With the impact of active factors, the results are esthetically exhibited for numerous profiles. This displays that with the rise in magnetic field and radiation, the velocity and temperature profiles increase sharply, resulting in a contradiction phenomenon with the decreasing electric field inputs. Also, tilting of vortex viscosity, spin gradient viscosity and microinertia density on the various microrotation components displays inclination. Moreover, ANFIS training was exploited to analyze the approximate solutions for specific scenarios, and the developed ANFIS was evaluated against a testing dataset to emphasize its performance. Due to their longer render, the nanoparticles exploited here are deemed suitable for use in bone implants, iodinated agents for blood imaging and red blood cell stimulation. Thus, the results of this study may be applied to therapeutic anemia therapies.
{"title":"Feasibility of integrated numerical and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System models in predicting the thermophysical properties of unsteady coupled micropolar–Casson hybrid nanofluids","authors":"Abbai Reddy Divya, Thandra Jithendra, Esambattu Hemalatha","doi":"10.1177/09544089241253831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253831","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to probe postulated phenomena using a paired micropolar and Casson hybrid fluid over a rotating disk. The intension to design a numerical technique (Runge–Kutta fourth-order along with shooting technique) integrated Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) envisioned with a thermal and exponentially space-dependent heat source, nonlinear thermal radiation and entropy production is developed in this phase of work. To ensure that, a nonlinear partial differential equation set of equations has been transformed into an ordinary differential equation by using the proper self-similarity variables. The model's research results, with a few notable outliers, are mostly consistent with those from prior research that was merged into the dataset used to train the ANFIS model. With the impact of active factors, the results are esthetically exhibited for numerous profiles. This displays that with the rise in magnetic field and radiation, the velocity and temperature profiles increase sharply, resulting in a contradiction phenomenon with the decreasing electric field inputs. Also, tilting of vortex viscosity, spin gradient viscosity and microinertia density on the various microrotation components displays inclination. Moreover, ANFIS training was exploited to analyze the approximate solutions for specific scenarios, and the developed ANFIS was evaluated against a testing dataset to emphasize its performance. Due to their longer render, the nanoparticles exploited here are deemed suitable for use in bone implants, iodinated agents for blood imaging and red blood cell stimulation. Thus, the results of this study may be applied to therapeutic anemia therapies.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"50 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/09544089241253671
Aditya Prakash Yadav, A. K. Padap
This study investigates the combined effect of severe plastic deformation via multi-axial compression (MAC) and subsequent double-step aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of annealed 7075 Al alloy. Three distinct processes were employed: (1) double-step aging on the annealed sample, (2) double-step aging on the six-MAC pass processed sample, and (3) double-step aging without solutionization on the six-MAC pass sample. Process (2) yielded the most significant improvements in mechanical properties. Compared to the annealed sample, the six-MAC pass, double-step aged sample exhibited an average ultimate tensile strength increase of 134% and an average Vickers micro-hardness (HV) increase of 209%. This superior performance is likely attributable to the synergistic effect of grain refinement induced by MAC and precipitate hardening achieved through double-step aging. A comprehensive analysis of microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, fractography, and the relationship between them was conducted for all three processes. This in-depth examination provided valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the observed property enhancements, particularly in process (2). Additionally, a variety of characterization techniques were employed to comprehensively evaluate the material's mechanical and microstructural characteristics.
本研究探讨了通过多轴压缩（MAC）产生的严重塑性变形和随后的双步时效对退火 7075 铝合金的微观结构和机械性能的综合影响。研究采用了三种不同的工艺：(1) 对退火样品进行双步时效处理；(2) 对经过六次多轴压缩（MAC）处理的样品进行双步时效处理；(3) 对经过六次多轴压缩（MAC）处理的样品进行未固溶的双步时效处理。工艺（2）对机械性能的改善最为显著。与退火样品相比，六道 MAC 工艺的双步老化样品的平均极限拉伸强度提高了 134%，平均维氏硬度（HV）提高了 209%。这种优异的性能可能归因于 MAC 所诱导的晶粒细化和双步时效所实现的沉淀硬化的协同效应。我们对所有三种工艺的微观结构演变、机械性能、断口形貌以及它们之间的关系进行了全面分析。这一深入研究为了解所观察到的性能增强机制提供了宝贵的见解，尤其是在工艺（2）中。此外，还采用了多种表征技术来全面评估材料的机械和微观结构特征。
{"title":"Effects of multi-axial compression and double-step aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al alloy 7075","authors":"Aditya Prakash Yadav, A. K. Padap","doi":"10.1177/09544089241253671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253671","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the combined effect of severe plastic deformation via multi-axial compression (MAC) and subsequent double-step aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of annealed 7075 Al alloy. Three distinct processes were employed: (1) double-step aging on the annealed sample, (2) double-step aging on the six-MAC pass processed sample, and (3) double-step aging without solutionization on the six-MAC pass sample. Process (2) yielded the most significant improvements in mechanical properties. Compared to the annealed sample, the six-MAC pass, double-step aged sample exhibited an average ultimate tensile strength increase of 134% and an average Vickers micro-hardness (HV) increase of 209%. This superior performance is likely attributable to the synergistic effect of grain refinement induced by MAC and precipitate hardening achieved through double-step aging. A comprehensive analysis of microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, fractography, and the relationship between them was conducted for all three processes. This in-depth examination provided valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the observed property enhancements, particularly in process (2). Additionally, a variety of characterization techniques were employed to comprehensively evaluate the material's mechanical and microstructural characteristics.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"66 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/09544089241253689
S. Chakravarthy, P. Randive, Sukumar Pati
The present work deals with the implication of injection angle and jet-to-cross flow ratio on the combustor performance of a cavity-based scramjet combustor. Unsteady, two-dimensional compressible flow through the scramjet combustor is considered to comprehend the effects of Mach number (Ma), jet-to-cross flow ratio ([Formula: see text]) and injection angle (α) on the combustion characteristics. Results are presented for the following range of parameters: 2.0 ≤ Ma ≤ 2.7; 15° ≤ α ≤ 60° and 0.5 ≤ [Formula: see text] ≤ 1.2. Intense recirculation zone is observed at θ = 45° irrespective of inlet Mach number which are quintessential for proper mixing. Further, the size of the recirculation zone is the largest when jet-to-cross flow ratio is equal to 0.8 acting as a precursor for enhanced mixing performance. Moreover, static pressure reaches an optimum value at injection angle of 45° beyond which further increase would result in thermal choking. Our study reveals that mixing is improved with an increase in Mach number (Ma). It is observed that the size of the recirculation zone is strongly dependent on the jet-to-cross flow pressure ratio along with the injection angle. To put it in a nutshell, the injection angle of 45° along with a jet-to-cross flow pressure ratio of 0.8 is conducive the optimal performance in scramjet combustor.
{"title":"Implication of injection angle and jet-to-cross flow ratio on the combustion characteristics of a scramjet combustor","authors":"S. Chakravarthy, P. Randive, Sukumar Pati","doi":"10.1177/09544089241253689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253689","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with the implication of injection angle and jet-to-cross flow ratio on the combustor performance of a cavity-based scramjet combustor. Unsteady, two-dimensional compressible flow through the scramjet combustor is considered to comprehend the effects of Mach number (Ma), jet-to-cross flow ratio ([Formula: see text]) and injection angle (α) on the combustion characteristics. Results are presented for the following range of parameters: 2.0 ≤ Ma ≤ 2.7; 15° ≤ α ≤ 60° and 0.5 ≤ [Formula: see text] ≤ 1.2. Intense recirculation zone is observed at θ = 45° irrespective of inlet Mach number which are quintessential for proper mixing. Further, the size of the recirculation zone is the largest when jet-to-cross flow ratio is equal to 0.8 acting as a precursor for enhanced mixing performance. Moreover, static pressure reaches an optimum value at injection angle of 45° beyond which further increase would result in thermal choking. Our study reveals that mixing is improved with an increase in Mach number (Ma). It is observed that the size of the recirculation zone is strongly dependent on the jet-to-cross flow pressure ratio along with the injection angle. To put it in a nutshell, the injection angle of 45° along with a jet-to-cross flow pressure ratio of 0.8 is conducive the optimal performance in scramjet combustor.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"72 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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