Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems最新文献

Anti-cancer drugs are mostly limited in their use due to poor physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. Their lower solubility is the most common hurdle limiting their use upto their potential. In the recent years, the cyclodextrin (CD) complexation have emerged as existing approach to overcome the problem of poor solubility. CD-based nano-technological approaches are safe, stable and showed well in vivo tolerance and greater payload for encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs for the targeted delivery. They are generally chosen due to their ability to get self-assembled to form liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles and nano-sponges etc. This review paper describes a birds-eye view of the various CD-based nano-technological approaches applied for the delivery of anti-cancer moieties to the desired target such as CD based liposomes, niosomes, niosoponges, micelles, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibody, magnetic nanoparticles, small interfering RNA, nanorods, miscellaneous formulation of anti-cancer drugs containing CD. Moreover, the author also summarizes the various shortcomings of such a system and their way ahead.

Quality by design (QbD) has recently fascinated researchers for utilizing it in various arenas of pharma trends. By overcoming the conventional process, QbD prevents the risk of errors caused by the 'guess and by god approach'. This framework fosters profound knowledge of product and process quality by implying sound science and risk assessment strategies. The virtue of QbD leads to the collaborative contribution to pharmaceutical industrialists and satisfies the regulatory bodies. Additionally, leading to rapid production, saves time and expenditure, tremendous versatility, provides immense knowledge, improves robustness, higher consistency, reduces user's dilemma, decreases certainty of failure, declining inter-batch variation in pharmaceutical development. In this ever-increasing continuous production world, regulatory organizations such as the U.S. Food & Drug Administration and the International Conference on Harmonization recommend Q8 to Q14 guidelines in order to obtain the desired quality product. This review extensively discusses on various approaches of QbD for the pharmaceutical development of nano-carrier drug delivery systems. Additionally, QbD's applications in process and analytical method development techniques are documented.

Most of the oral drug delivery systems demand better retention of drug in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for better bioavailability. One of the tools for better gastric retention of the drug is to administer it as a floating drug delivery system (FDDS) by reducing its density, compared to the gastric fluids. This system is helpful to overcome the problems associated with the conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms. The present work is an effort to systematically review the latest advancements in FDDS with a major spotlight on how these systems act to make the dosage form float in the gastric fluid for the slow release, better gastric retention, and improved bioavailability of the orally administered drug. As managing diseases through medicines is going in a new age in which innovative delivery system is being used as well as made accessible for remedial use. The excipients used for making such oral gastro-retention dosage forms (GRDF) to provide sustained release profile of drugs along with the work done so far by different scientists in the past two decades; the patents filed in this area; the evaluation methods for checking the quality of FDDS; and their applications are the major highlights of this work.

The aqueous solubility of active drug moiety plays a crucial role in the development of an efficacious formulation. The poor aqueous solubility of BCS class II and IV drugs is manifested as poor bioavailability. Preparation of cyclodextrin inclusion complex to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability is a well-established technique. The latest trend in cyclodextrin research is focused on ternary complexes wherein an auxiliary agent such as water-soluble polymers, organic ions, metals, or amino acids is incorporated in the inclusion complex. The cyclodextrin-based supramolecular ternary complex offers significant advantages over binary complex specifically for oral drug delivery. Compared with the binary complex, the ternary complex exhibits better complexation efficiency and stability constant. Moreover, the ternary complex has a major advantage of reducing the concentration of cyclodextrin required to achieve maximum solubility and stability. Lately, in silico molecular modeling has gained tremendous attention as a preliminary tool to evaluate the cyclodextrin-based ternary or binary complex which has been discussed. This review gives an insight into various ternary agents explored worldwide, significant observations, safety, and clinical studies carried out on ternary cyclodextrin complexes.

Bioactive peptides have gained the attention and interest of researchers and the industry for their therapeutic effects and high specificity, thus reducing the risks of side effects and making them an attractive alternatives in developing new biopharmaceuticals or cosmeceuticals. Nevertheless, their incorporation into formulations and administration presents challenges such as low stability under different storage conditions and gastrointestinal degradation after oral delivery. Likewise, the parenteral route is an invasive method that is painful and therefore reduces patient compliance. Topical delivery of bioactive peptides is a painless noninvasive alternative to reduce peptide degradation, exert local effects in the applied area, and improve patient compliance. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical properties of peptides and the mechanisms involved in their degradation. In addition, the most important aspects of skin structure and skin permeation routes, and the requirements for topical and transdermal drug delivery are also discussed in this article. Finally, nanocarrier development advances for the topical delivery of peptides (water-in-oil-in-water emulsions, microemulsions, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, and microneedles) and other strategies, such as metal complexation, cell-penetrating peptides, and synthetic modification, are also reviewed. All these topics consider the perspective of their effect to improve skin permeability to peptides and their stability over time during storage.