Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524010098
Abstract
In 2015–2019, young bluethroats were caught in order to determine the parameters of their migration stop in the taiga zone in the east of the Russian Plain. A total of 272 birds were analyzed, of which 186 were males and 86 were females. The average duration of the migration stop for young bluethroats was 1.45 days. Transient individuals have fat reserves that allow them to make migratory jumps lasting an average of 4.39 ± 0.20 h. Bluethroats with an average stopping time have a mass deposition rate of 0.04 ± 0.36 g per day and, by the time of departure, are able to make nonstop flights lasting an average of 3.89 ± 0.58 h. Individuals that make the decision to stop lose a little of their fat reserves, reducing their ability to fly nonstop until the next stop. The significance of the river valleys in the east of the Russian Plain for a successful stopover remains an open question, and it has not been fully clarified whether these places have the necessary ecological conditions for the successful stopover of small birds.
{"title":"Parameters of the Autumn Migration Stopover of Young Bluethroats (Luscinia svecica Linnaeus, 1758) in the Conditions of the Middle Taiga in the Eastern Russian Plain","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524010098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524010098","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In 2015–2019, young bluethroats were caught in order to determine the parameters of their migration stop in the taiga zone in the east of the Russian Plain. A total of 272 birds were analyzed, of which 186 were males and 86 were females. The average duration of the migration stop for young bluethroats was 1.45 days. Transient individuals have fat reserves that allow them to make migratory jumps lasting an average of 4.39 ± 0.20 h. Bluethroats with an average stopping time have a mass deposition rate of 0.04 ± 0.36 g per day and, by the time of departure, are able to make nonstop flights lasting an average of 3.89 ± 0.58 h. Individuals that make the decision to stop lose a little of their fat reserves, reducing their ability to fly nonstop until the next stop. The significance of the river valleys in the east of the Russian Plain for a successful stopover remains an open question, and it has not been fully clarified whether these places have the necessary ecological conditions for the successful stopover of small birds.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524010104
Abstract
The contribution of fungi and bacteria to the process of net ammonification in the soddy–podzolic soil of the wood sorrel–bilberry birch forest of Yaroslavl oblast has been determined using inhibitory analysis. Representatives of the genera Penicillium Link (70–99%) and Trichoderma Pers. (6–20%) dominate in the mycobiota of saprotrophic fungi. Seasonal changes in the total number of fungi and the content of Corg and Norg in the soil correlate only in the eluvial horizon, with r = (–0.8) and (–0.7). In horizons A0 and A2, total fungal abundance is negatively correlated with nitrogen accumulation, with r = (–0.85) to (–0.89). It has been established that the litter is characterized by an equal participation of fungi and bacteria in this process. In the humus horizon, a slight excess of the participation of fungi over bacteria is noted. In the eluvial part of the profile, the contribution of bacteria is slightly higher than the contribution of fungi. The maximum air temperature is able to regulate the seasonal dynamics of the number of saprotrophic fungi in the soil.
{"title":"Role of Fungi and Bacteria in the Mineralization of Nitrogen Compounds in the Soil of the Southern Taiga Birch Forest in European Russia","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524010104","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The contribution of fungi and bacteria to the process of net ammonification in the soddy–podzolic soil of the wood sorrel–bilberry birch forest of Yaroslavl oblast has been determined using inhibitory analysis. Representatives of the genera <em>Penicillium</em> Link (70–99%) and <em>Trichoderma</em> Pers. (6–20%) dominate in the mycobiota of saprotrophic fungi. Seasonal changes in the total number of fungi and the content of C<sub>org</sub> and N<sub>org</sub> in the soil correlate only in the eluvial horizon, with <em>r</em> = (–0.8) and (–0.7). In horizons A<sub>0</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>, total fungal abundance is negatively correlated with nitrogen accumulation, with <em>r</em> = (–0.85) to (–0.89). It has been established that the litter is characterized by an equal participation of fungi and bacteria in this process. In the humus horizon, a slight excess of the participation of fungi over bacteria is noted. In the eluvial part of the profile, the contribution of bacteria is slightly higher than the contribution of fungi. The maximum air temperature is able to regulate the seasonal dynamics of the number of saprotrophic fungi in the soil.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524010037
Abstract
Climate change is well-pronounced in high latitudes. The quick westward expansion of the sandhill crane breeding range in Eurasia requires an analysis of the impact of the species on Arctic ecosystems. We employ data about 223 sandhill crane nests in the Chaun Lowland, West Chukotka. We investigate the date of clutch onset, clutch sizes, egg sizes, nest density, and nesting success. We test the above parameters against climatic characteristics of the site in order the learn their effect on the reproductive potential of the species. The most important climatic characteristics that determine the increase in nest density, clutch and egg sizes, earlier clutch onset, and higher nesting success included the first frost-free day, the integrated characteristic of May (cold or warm according to the sum of positive temperatures), and the sum of average daily temperatures in the second half of May. The maximum reproductive potential of the sandhill crane is realized under conditions of warm and early spring.
{"title":"Effect of Climatic Factors on Nesting of the Sandhill Crane Antigone canadensis in West Chukotka","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524010037","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Climate change is well-pronounced in high latitudes. The quick westward expansion of the sandhill crane breeding range in Eurasia requires an analysis of the impact of the species on Arctic ecosystems. We employ data about 223 sandhill crane nests in the Chaun Lowland, West Chukotka. We investigate the date of clutch onset, clutch sizes, egg sizes, nest density, and nesting success. We test the above parameters against climatic characteristics of the site in order the learn their effect on the reproductive potential of the species. The most important climatic characteristics that determine the increase in nest density, clutch and egg sizes, earlier clutch onset, and higher nesting success included the first frost-free day, the integrated characteristic of May (cold or warm according to the sum of positive temperatures), and the sum of average daily temperatures in the second half of May. The maximum reproductive potential of the sandhill crane is realized under conditions of warm and early spring.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524010025
Abstract
The size and shape variability of three bones of river perch from two adjacent reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Techa River (the Southern Urals, Russia), the Techa storage reservoir cascade of liquid radioactive technogenic wastes (contaminated for over 50 years), and Lake Irtyash (control) has been studied using geometric morphometrics methods. Perch bones in adjacent populations differ in shape; however, they are similar in growth rates. The range of sex variability of the bone shape is on average 5.4 times less than the intergroup differences of the perch population. With age, the frontal bone growth rates slow down, the praeoperculum growth rates do not change, and the cleithrum increases. Sexual dimorphism in bone sizes of older fish and a low level of sex differences in the shape of the frontal bone and praeoperculum in the Techa cascade population has been revealed. These data characterize a high degree of phenotypic plasticity of the perch and adaptive restructuring of its morphogenesis associated with the local environment of technogenic reservoirs.
{"title":"Size and Shape Variability of Bones in Perch Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 in the Storage Reservoirs of Liquid Radioactive Wastes","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524010025","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The size and shape variability of three bones of river perch from two adjacent reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Techa River (the Southern Urals, Russia), the Techa storage reservoir cascade of liquid radioactive technogenic wastes (contaminated for over 50 years), and Lake Irtyash (control) has been studied using geometric morphometrics methods. Perch bones in adjacent populations differ in shape; however, they are similar in growth rates. The range of sex variability of the bone shape is on average 5.4 times less than the intergroup differences of the perch population. With age, the frontal bone growth rates slow down, the praeoperculum growth rates do not change, and the cleithrum increases. Sexual dimorphism in bone sizes of older fish and a low level of sex differences in the shape of the frontal bone and praeoperculum in the Techa cascade population has been revealed. These data characterize a high degree of phenotypic plasticity of the perch and adaptive restructuring of its morphogenesis associated with the local environment of technogenic reservoirs.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070120
V. G. Soukhovolsky, Yu. D. Ivanova, A. V. Kovalev
Abstract
This work is dedicated to discussing the possibilities of describing the dynamics of forest insect outbreaks on different spatial scales. The properties of outbreaks are considered on a microspatial scale, where the distribution patterns of individuals across different food sources within the boundaries of a local territory or a stand are analyzed and, on a macrospatial scale, where the focus of the analysis are the indicators of the removal of the photosynthetic apparatus (leaves or needles) over the entire territory of the locus, including primary, secondary, and migratory loci. When analyzing the microspatial distribution of caterpillars on trees within loci on different stages of gradation, the model of the distribution of individuals on fodder trees is used as a second-order stage transition. The macrospatial processes that occur during the outbreak development include, first, the growth of an existing outbreak and the emergence of new connected damaged areas of the forest, and, second, the emergence of new unconnected secondary foci. To characterize the outbreaks, their fractal dimension D and the characteristics of the “viscous fingers” on the border of the outbreaks are used. Remote sensing data are used to calculate these characteristics. The proposed approaches can be used to predict the development of a forest insect outbreak. When constructing and verifying the models, we used data from the Siberian silk moth census and the tree colonization rate in the outbreak zone, as well as the remote sensing data on the areas and shapes of the foci in the districts of Krasnoyarsk krai during an outbreak of the Siberian silk moth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. in 2015–2019.
{"title":"Development of Outbreaks of Forest Insects on Different Spatial Scales","authors":"V. G. Soukhovolsky, Yu. D. Ivanova, A. V. Kovalev","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070120","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This work is dedicated to discussing the possibilities of describing the dynamics of forest insect outbreaks on different spatial scales. The properties of outbreaks are considered on a microspatial scale, where the distribution patterns of individuals across different food sources within the boundaries of a local territory or a stand are analyzed and, on a macrospatial scale, where the focus of the analysis are the indicators of the removal of the photosynthetic apparatus (leaves or needles) over the entire territory of the locus, including primary, secondary, and migratory loci. When analyzing the microspatial distribution of caterpillars on trees within loci on different stages of gradation, the model of the distribution of individuals on fodder trees is used as a second-order stage transition. The macrospatial processes that occur during the outbreak development include, first, the growth of an existing outbreak and the emergence of new connected damaged areas of the forest, and, second, the emergence of new unconnected secondary foci. To characterize the outbreaks, their fractal dimension D and the characteristics of the “viscous fingers” on the border of the outbreaks are used. Remote sensing data are used to calculate these characteristics. The proposed approaches can be used to predict the development of a forest insect outbreak. When constructing and verifying the models, we used data from the Siberian silk moth census and the tree colonization rate in the outbreak zone, as well as the remote sensing data on the areas and shapes of the foci in the districts of Krasnoyarsk krai during an outbreak of the Siberian silk moth <i>Dendrolimus sibiricus</i> Tschetv. in 2015–2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1134/s199542552307003x
L. I. Inisheva, M. A. Sergeeva, A. V. Golovchenko, B. V. Babikov
Abstract
Swamps and wetlands in forested areas, as well as nonforest swamps, are collectively involved in the global carbon cycle. They play an important role in depositing greenhouse gases. This article analyzes the long-term dynamics of concentration of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) in a peat deposit and their emission in a natural and reclaimed oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia. It is shown that a significant role in the dynamics of CO2 and CH4 concentration in peat deposits is played by weather conditions in each month of the warm period, as well as by the botanical composition, the activity of biochemical processes, and the structure and physical and mechanical properties of peat deposits. We have also identified the intradeposit spatial and temporal dynamics of indices of greenhouse gas concentrations. It has been proven that there are multicomponent dependences of CO2 and CH4 concentrations on parameters of external and intradeposit conditions. Parameters of concentrations in the peat deposit of the oligotrophic bog from the swampy catchment basin of the Klyuch River have been determined as follows: extreme concentrations of CO2 were 0.002–3.64 mmol/dm3 and extreme concentrations of CH4 were 0.003–2.03 mmol/dm3; normalized CO2 fluxes varied from /–22.2/ to 157.8 mg C/(m2 h), the extreme values of normalized CH4 fluxes were /–3.0/–5.3 mg C/(m2 h), CO2 fluxes for the warm period were 20–110 g C/(m2 year), and CH4 fluxes for the warm period were 0.8–3.7 C/(m2 year). A slight increase in the activity of normalized CO2 fluxes has been recorded at the forest reclamation site compared to a natural swamp, while the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the peat deposit have proven to be comparable in both cases. It is shown that the absence of an operating drainage system leads to rebogging. The vast areas of swamps on the West Siberian Plain and the aggressive pattern of bogging implies moderate and selective forest reclamation for its taiga zone.
{"title":"Carbon Dioxide and Methane Distribution in Peat Deposits of an Oligotrophic Forest Bog and Their Emission in Western Siberia","authors":"L. I. Inisheva, M. A. Sergeeva, A. V. Golovchenko, B. V. Babikov","doi":"10.1134/s199542552307003x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s199542552307003x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Swamps and wetlands in forested areas, as well as nonforest swamps, are collectively involved in the global carbon cycle. They play an important role in depositing greenhouse gases. This article analyzes the long-term dynamics of concentration of greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) in a peat deposit and their emission in a natural and reclaimed oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia. It is shown that a significant role in the dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in peat deposits is played by weather conditions in each month of the warm period, as well as by the botanical composition, the activity of biochemical processes, and the structure and physical and mechanical properties of peat deposits. We have also identified the intradeposit spatial and temporal dynamics of indices of greenhouse gas concentrations. It has been proven that there are multicomponent dependences of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations on parameters of external and intradeposit conditions. Parameters of concentrations in the peat deposit of the oligotrophic bog from the swampy catchment basin of the Klyuch River have been determined as follows: extreme concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> were 0.002–3.64 mmol/dm<sup>3</sup> and extreme concentrations of CH<sub>4</sub> were 0.003–2.03 mmol/dm<sup>3</sup>; normalized CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes varied from /–22.2/ to 157.8 mg C/(m<sup>2</sup> h), the extreme values of normalized CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were /–3.0/–5.3 mg C/(m<sup>2</sup> h), CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes for the warm period were 20–110 g C/(m<sup>2</sup> year), and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes for the warm period were 0.8–3.7 C/(m<sup>2</sup> year). A slight increase in the activity of normalized CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes has been recorded at the forest reclamation site compared to a natural swamp, while the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the peat deposit have proven to be comparable in both cases. It is shown that the absence of an operating drainage system leads to rebogging. The vast areas of swamps on the West Siberian Plain and the aggressive pattern of bogging implies moderate and selective forest reclamation for its taiga zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070065
A. A. Kolycheva, S. I. Chumachenko, V. V. Kiseleva, A. Ju. Agol’cov
Abstract
As part of the multipurpose forest management concept, the resource and economic potential of harvesting wild berries has been analyzed under different forest management scenarios. As a tool for forecasting and analysis, scenario-based simulation is used to model the forest ecosystems dynamics under the management of clear-cutting and selective felling. The object of research is the Pashe-Kapetskoe district forestry of Leningrad oblast; the calculation was carried out for 120 years. The potential productivity of wild berries is calculated based on the forest condition types, species composition, and simulated illumination at the ground level data. The most productive resources on the territory are bilberry and lingonberries, the predicted yield of which reaches 25–48 t/year and 7–15 t/year, respectively. Zoning of the territory was carried out according to the resources availability for industrial harvesting, taking into account the interests of the local population; 37–48% of the wild berry harvest was available for industrial harvesting, about 30% was allocated for the needs of the local population, and 27–36% of the resource remained in economically inaccessible areas. The most promising was the scenario with artificial restoration of 50% of the clear-cut areas and a full maintenance cycle. For this scenario, the maximum profitability was predicted from both the food-resource procurement (4.1–5.7 million rubles per year) and the harvesting of timber.
{"title":"Analysis of the Stocks and Conditions of Harvesting for Forest Berries with Consideration for Their Spatial Distribution and Availability","authors":"A. A. Kolycheva, S. I. Chumachenko, V. V. Kiseleva, A. Ju. Agol’cov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070065","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>As part of the multipurpose forest management concept, the resource and economic potential of harvesting wild berries has been analyzed under different forest management scenarios. As a tool for forecasting and analysis, scenario-based simulation is used to model the forest ecosystems dynamics under the management of clear-cutting and selective felling. The object of research is the Pashe-Kapetskoe district forestry of Leningrad oblast; the calculation was carried out for 120 years. The potential productivity of wild berries is calculated based on the forest condition types, species composition, and simulated illumination at the ground level data. The most productive resources on the territory are bilberry and lingonberries, the predicted yield of which reaches 25–48 t/year and 7–15 t/year, respectively. Zoning of the territory was carried out according to the resources availability for industrial harvesting, taking into account the interests of the local population; 37–48% of the wild berry harvest was available for industrial harvesting, about 30% was allocated for the needs of the local population, and 27–36% of the resource remained in economically inaccessible areas. The most promising was the scenario with artificial restoration of 50% of the clear-cut areas and a full maintenance cycle. For this scenario, the maximum profitability was predicted from both the food-resource procurement (4.1–5.7 million rubles per year) and the harvesting of timber.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070053
V. V. Kaganov, D. G. Zamolodchikov, A. S. Mostovaya
Abstract
The manifestation of modern global climate change is increasingly intensifying, affecting anthropogenic and natural systems. Bioclimatic models predict significant shifts in biome boundaries, including a reduction in the portion of forests in the forest-steppe areas. This process may also affect carbon stocks. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of climate and its changes on the values and variations of carbon stocks in the phytomass of forest stands by data of repeated surveys of permanent test plots. Eight forests have been selected in the southern regions of European Russia (ER), and test plots are laid in them. Repeated surveys were performed on the test plots in 2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2019–2020. The carbon reserves of living and dead components of forest stands were calculated according to taxation characteristics. The litter carbon stocks were determined by the gravimetric method. Meteorological data from the meteorological stations closest to the study objects were analyzed. The mean annual temperature for 1991–2020 increased as compared to 1961–1990 by 1.13°C, which was 2.5 times greater than the global mean. Annual precipitation decreased from 448.2 to 445.4 mm. The mean value of G.T. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for May–September was 0.85 during the period of 1961–1990 and 0.79 in 1991–2020. The stock of the phytomass carbon in the studied forest stands varied from 38.5 ± 7.4 t C ha–1 to 270.6 ± 52.8 t C ha–1. Repeated surveys revealed both increases and decreases in phytomass carbon stocks, which ranged from –23.8 to 31.9 t C ha–1 over a 5-year period. The analysis of phytomass carbon stocks and climatic characteristics revealed a statistically significant correlation with the HTC for May–September. However, the comparison of changes in phytomass with variations in the mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and the HTC for May–September did not reveal significant dependencies. The absence of significant correlations between changes in phytomass carbon and in climatic parameters may be explained by the stability of forest ecosystems, which ensures the preservation of their functions during several-year-long periods.
{"title":"Climate Effect on Carbon, Phytomass, and Litter Stocks in Forest Stands in the South of European Russia","authors":"V. V. Kaganov, D. G. Zamolodchikov, A. S. Mostovaya","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070053","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The manifestation of modern global climate change is increasingly intensifying, affecting anthropogenic and natural systems. Bioclimatic models predict significant shifts in biome boundaries, including a reduction in the portion of forests in the forest-steppe areas. This process may also affect carbon stocks. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of climate and its changes on the values and variations of carbon stocks in the phytomass of forest stands by data of repeated surveys of permanent test plots. Eight forests have been selected in the southern regions of European Russia (ER), and test plots are laid in them. Repeated surveys were performed on the test plots in 2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2019–2020. The carbon reserves of living and dead components of forest stands were calculated according to taxation characteristics. The litter carbon stocks were determined by the gravimetric method. Meteorological data from the meteorological stations closest to the study objects were analyzed. The mean annual temperature for 1991–2020 increased as compared to 1961–1990 by 1.13°C, which was 2.5 times greater than the global mean. Annual precipitation decreased from 448.2 to 445.4 mm. The mean value of G.T. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for May–September was 0.85 during the period of 1961–1990 and 0.79 in 1991–2020. The stock of the phytomass carbon in the studied forest stands varied from 38.5 ± 7.4 t C ha<sup>–1</sup> to 270.6 ± 52.8 t C ha<sup>–1</sup>. Repeated surveys revealed both increases and decreases in phytomass carbon stocks, which ranged from –23.8 to 31.9 t C ha<sup>–1</sup> over a 5-year period. The analysis of phytomass carbon stocks and climatic characteristics revealed a statistically significant correlation with the HTC for May–September. However, the comparison of changes in phytomass with variations in the mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and the HTC for May–September did not reveal significant dependencies. The absence of significant correlations between changes in phytomass carbon and in climatic parameters may be explained by the stability of forest ecosystems, which ensures the preservation of their functions during several-year-long periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070028
Ye. N. Bukvareva, A. A. Aleynikov, O. A. Klimanova, L. A. Titova, T. V. Sviridova, A. V. Shcherbakov
Abstract
For an adequate assessment and effective management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the vast and extremely heterogeneous territory of Russia, a multilevel approach is required that integrates the tasks of biodiversity conservation on different hierarchical levels (diversity of ecosystems and species) and on different levels of territorial administration. Using the example of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, a preliminary methodology for prioritizing territories for biodiversity conservation at three levels of government (federal district, subjects of the Russian Federation, and municipal districts) is considered. To prioritize the territories, the rarity indicators of generalized ecosystem types within these territories and the value of territories for the conservation of “red-listed” animal and plant species are used. It is shown that the high-priority for biodiversity conservation purposes generalized types of ecosystems can be distinguished both on different territorial levels and in different territories within the same level. There is also a contradiction between the management tasks of preserving the diversity of species, requiring spacious habitats and the conservation of rare ecosystems that have a small area. These contradictions can be resolved through the development of environmental strategies for different levels of territorial administration.
{"title":"Territorial Assessment and Prioritization for Biodiversity Conservation Using the Example of the Center of European Russia","authors":"Ye. N. Bukvareva, A. A. Aleynikov, O. A. Klimanova, L. A. Titova, T. V. Sviridova, A. V. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070028","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>For an adequate assessment and effective management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the vast and extremely heterogeneous territory of Russia, a multilevel approach is required that integrates the tasks of biodiversity conservation on different hierarchical levels (diversity of ecosystems and species) and on different levels of territorial administration. Using the example of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, a preliminary methodology for prioritizing territories for biodiversity conservation at three levels of government (federal district, subjects of the Russian Federation, and municipal districts) is considered. To prioritize the territories, the rarity indicators of generalized ecosystem types within these territories and the value of territories for the conservation of “red-listed” animal and plant species are used. It is shown that the high-priority for biodiversity conservation purposes generalized types of ecosystems can be distinguished both on different territorial levels and in different territories within the same level. There is also a contradiction between the management tasks of preserving the diversity of species, requiring spacious habitats and the conservation of rare ecosystems that have a small area. These contradictions can be resolved through the development of environmental strategies for different levels of territorial administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070090
A. V. Selikhovkin, Yu. I. Gninenko
Abstract
Data on the species composition and dynamics of outbreaks of needle- and leaf-eating pests that pose a danger to forest stands in Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, and Murmansk oblasts, as well as in the republics of Karelia and Komi, have been summarized and analyzed. A significant decrease in the frequency of reproduction outbreaks of certain types of needle- and leaf-eating pests is shown, which corresponds to the trends for some other regions. For the pine looper (Bupalus piniaria (L.)), the pine beauty (Pannolis flammea), the buff-tip (Phalera bucephala (L.)), the rusty tussock moth (Orgyia antiqua (L.)), and the white satin moth (Leucoma salicis (L.)), which have had a few mass reproduction outbreaks in the aforementioned regions, no significant increase in population density has been observed for 25 years or more. An increase in outbreak activity and expansion of the damage area to the north is likely for the winter moth (Operophtera brumata (L.)) and the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata). The larch tortrix (Zeiraphera griseana) and the spruce sawfly (Gilpinia hercynia) are in the list of potential dangers as well. These species have had only one reproduction outbreak, but it was extremely extensive. The red pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr.) and possibly the common pine sawfly (Diprion pini (L.)) will continue playing a significant role as pests of young stands. The dynamics of their outbreaks, apparently, is determined by climatic changes and, to no lesser extent, by the presence of large areas of conifer regeneration. An increase in the fluctuation amplitude of the population density of the pests in urban plantations is likely to occur, especially for miner moths (Phyllonorycter isskii, Ph. populifoliella and Ph. apparella), for which the current climate warming is a fundamentally important factor.
{"title":"Mass Reproduction Outbreaks of Phyllophagous Insects in Forests of the Northwest of European Russia","authors":"A. V. Selikhovkin, Yu. I. Gninenko","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070090","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Data on the species composition and dynamics of outbreaks of needle- and leaf-eating pests that pose a danger to forest stands in Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, and Murmansk oblasts, as well as in the republics of Karelia and Komi, have been summarized and analyzed. A significant decrease in the frequency of reproduction outbreaks of certain types of needle- and leaf-eating pests is shown, which corresponds to the trends for some other regions. For the pine looper (<i>Bupalus piniaria</i> (L.)), the pine beauty (<i>Pannolis flammea</i>), the buff-tip (<i>Phalera bucephala</i> (L.)), the rusty tussock moth (<i>Orgyia antiqua</i> (L.)), and the white satin moth (<i>Leucoma salicis</i> (L.)), which have had a few mass reproduction outbreaks in the aforementioned regions, no significant increase in population density has been observed for 25 years or more. An increase in outbreak activity and expansion of the damage area to the north is likely for the winter moth (<i>Operophtera brumata</i> (L.)) and the autumnal moth (<i>Epirrita autumnata</i>). The larch tortrix (<i>Zeiraphera griseana</i>) and the spruce sawfly (<i>Gilpinia hercynia</i>) are in the list of potential dangers as well. These species have had only one reproduction outbreak, but it was extremely extensive. The red pine sawfly (<i>Neodiprion sertifer</i> Geoffr.) and possibly the common pine sawfly (<i>Diprion pini</i> (L.)) will continue playing a significant role as pests of young stands. The dynamics of their outbreaks, apparently, is determined by climatic changes and, to no lesser extent, by the presence of large areas of conifer regeneration. An increase in the fluctuation amplitude of the population density of the pests in urban plantations is likely to occur, especially for miner moths (<i>Phyllonorycter isskii,</i> Ph. populifoliella and Ph. apparella), for which the current climate warming is a fundamentally important factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号