Contemporary Problems of Ecology最新文献_第4页

Ecological Assessment of the Meadow Phytocoenoses in the Southern Part of Sakhalin 萨哈林岛南部草地植物群落生态评估

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020094

I. O. Rozhkova-Timina, A. A. Zverev, L. F. Shepeleva

Abstract

Sakhalin meadow communities are an important component of the vegetation of the Far East. The use of indicator values is a promising way to understand the ecology of meadow vegetation. This study includes 113 meadow communities relevés in the southern part of Sakhalin. A resemblance matrix of relevés has been calculated using the quantitative Bray–Curtis index for cluster analysis with the subsequent classification of meadow communities. For the first time, an ecological assessment of meadow vegetation in the southern part of Sakhalin Island has been carried out using the scales of I.A. Tsatsenkin and D.N. Tsyganov. The following meadow communities have been identified: natural and artificial inland Phalaroides arundinacea communities, artificial inland forb-grass communities, natural coastal forb–grass communities, natural floodplain–coastal tall grass communities, natural coastal Leymus mollis communities, natural inland Pteridium aquilinum communities, and natural inland Artemisia communities. Meadow communities of the southern Sakhalin are classified as moderately humid with the dominance of eumesophytes and xeromesophytes. Soils, even on the sea coasts, are nonsaline; quite rich in nutrients; and, at the same time, poor or sufficiently supplied with nitrogen. According to the calculations, soils under the meadows are acidic and slightly acidic. The climate is subboreal, with a surplus of precipitation. Agricultural activities (managing meadows as pastures and hayfields) have almost no effect on the composition of the phytocoenoses; however, low indicators on the scale of pasture digression may reflect violations in haymaking terms. The specific feature of the Sakhalin meadow communities is that groups of meadows differing in location and species composition display very similar habitat conditions.

摘要萨哈林草甸群落是远东植被的重要组成部分。使用指标值是了解草甸植被生态的一种有前途的方法。本研究包括萨哈林南部地区的 113 个草甸群落相关系数。利用定量布雷-柯蒂斯指数计算出了草地群落的相似矩阵，用于聚类分析，并随后对草地群落进行了分类。首次使用 I.A. Tsatsenkin 和 D.N. Tsyganov 的比例尺对萨哈林岛南部的草甸植被进行了生态评估。确定了以下草甸群落：天然和人工内陆 Phalaroides arundinacea 群落、人工内陆禁草群落、天然沿海禁草群落、天然洪泛平原-沿海高草群落、天然沿海 Leymus mollis 群落、天然内陆 Pteridium aquilinum 群落和天然内陆 Artemisia 群落。萨哈林岛南部的草甸群落被归类为中度湿润，主要是裸子植物和旱生植物。即使是在海边，土壤也是非盐碱的，养分相当丰富，同时氮含量较低或不足。根据计算，草地下的土壤呈酸性和微酸性。亚寒带气候，降水量过剩。农业活动（将草地作为牧场和干草场管理）对植物群落的组成几乎没有影响；不过，牧场退化程度的低指标可能反映出在干草生产方面的违规行为。萨哈林草甸群落的特点是，不同位置和物种组成的草甸群显示出非常相似的生境条件。

{"title":"Ecological Assessment of the Meadow Phytocoenoses in the Southern Part of Sakhalin","authors":"I. O. Rozhkova-Timina, A. A. Zverev, L. F. Shepeleva","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020094","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Sakhalin meadow communities are an important component of the vegetation of the Far East. The use of indicator values is a promising way to understand the ecology of meadow vegetation. This study includes 113 meadow communities relevés in the southern part of Sakhalin. A resemblance matrix of relevés has been calculated using the quantitative Bray–Curtis index for cluster analysis with the subsequent classification of meadow communities. For the first time, an ecological assessment of meadow vegetation in the southern part of Sakhalin Island has been carried out using the scales of I.A. Tsatsenkin and D.N. Tsyganov. The following meadow communities have been identified: natural and artificial inland <i>Phalaroides arundinacea</i> communities, artificial inland forb-grass communities, natural coastal forb–grass communities, natural floodplain–coastal tall grass communities, natural coastal <i>Leymus mollis</i> communities, natural inland <i>Pteridium</i> <i>aquilinum</i> communities, and natural inland <i>Artemisia</i> communities. Meadow communities of the southern Sakhalin are classified as moderately humid with the dominance of eumesophytes and xeromesophytes. Soils, even on the sea coasts, are nonsaline; quite rich in nutrients; and, at the same time, poor or sufficiently supplied with nitrogen. According to the calculations, soils under the meadows are acidic and slightly acidic. The climate is subboreal, with a surplus of precipitation. Agricultural activities (managing meadows as pastures and hayfields) have almost no effect on the composition of the phytocoenoses; however, low indicators on the scale of pasture digression may reflect violations in haymaking terms. The specific feature of the Sakhalin meadow communities is that groups of meadows differing in location and species composition display very similar habitat conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small Mammal Communities in the Middle Ob Valley 奥布河谷中部的小型哺乳动物群落

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020136

V. P. Starikov, K. A. Bernikov, V. A. Petukhov, E. A. Vaganova, E. S. Sarapultseva, N. V. Nakonechny, A. V. Borodin, A. V. Morozkina

Abstract

Small mammal communities in different sections of the Middle Ob valley (floodplain and terrace) are considered based on an analysis of our own and published data. Small mammals were captured using similar methods everywhere: metal cones dug into ditches with pitfalls or placed along polyethylene film fences. We counted 16 517 animals of 21 species in the Middle Ob valley within the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Ugra during the period of 2004–2022. A total of 28–29 species of insectivores and rodents were recorded in southern taiga and middle taiga areas of the Middle Ob valley. The inexact number of animal species is due to the fact that the classification of voles of the arvalis group in the studied area has not been completely determined. The given descriptions of all the revealed species include the occurrence, abundance, and other aspects of small mammal ecology. The specific features of the southern taiga and the middle taiga sections of the Middle Ob valley, as well as of the floodplain and terrace in general, are revealed. The common hamster, narrow-headed vole (southern subspecies), Korean field mouse, and herb wood mouse occur only in the southern taiga section of the Middle Ob valley and are not common in the middle taiga section of the studied area. These species also avoid floodplain biotopes. The determined list of dominants includes the common shrew and the root vole for the floodplain and the common shrew and the northern red-backed vole for the terrace. The codominant species are represented by the Eurasian pygmy shrew and Laxmann’s shrew, as well as by the harvest mouse. The valley of the Middle Ob is dominated by western Palearctic species. They tend to dominate both the floodplain and the terrace.

摘要根据对我们自己的数据和已发表数据的分析，研究了鄂毕河中游河谷不同地段（冲积平原和阶地）的小型哺乳动物群落。我们在各地使用类似的方法捕捉小型哺乳动物：在带陷阱的沟渠中挖金属锥，或在聚乙烯薄膜栅栏边放置金属锥。2004 年至 2022 年期间，我们在汉特-曼西民族自治区-尤格拉地区的中鄂毕河流域捕获了 21 个物种的 16 517 只动物。在中奥布河谷的南部泰加林区和中部泰加林区共记录到 28-29 种食虫类和啮齿类动物。动物种类数量不精确的原因是，研究地区的田鼠属箭形类的分类尚未完全确定。对所有揭示的物种的描述包括小型哺乳动物生态学的出现、数量和其他方面。本研究揭示了中鄂毕河流域南部泰加地区和中部泰加地区的具体特征，以及洪泛平原和阶地的总体特征。普通仓鼠、窄头田鼠（南部亚种）、朝鲜田鼠和草木鼠只出现在中奥布河谷南部泰加区段，在研究区域的中部泰加区段并不常见。这些物种也避开洪泛生物群落。已确定的优势物种包括洪泛平原上的普通鼩鼱和根田鼠，以及台地上的普通鼩鼱和北方红背田鼠。欧亚侏儒鼩和拉克斯曼鼩以及禾鼠则是共优势物种。鄂毕河中游河谷主要是西古北物种。它们在冲积平原和台地上都占主导地位。

{"title":"Small Mammal Communities in the Middle Ob Valley","authors":"V. P. Starikov, K. A. Bernikov, V. A. Petukhov, E. A. Vaganova, E. S. Sarapultseva, N. V. Nakonechny, A. V. Borodin, A. V. Morozkina","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020136","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Small mammal communities in different sections of the Middle Ob valley (floodplain and terrace) are considered based on an analysis of our own and published data. Small mammals were captured using similar methods everywhere: metal cones dug into ditches with pitfalls or placed along polyethylene film fences. We counted 16 517 animals of 21 species in the Middle Ob valley within the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Ugra during the period of 2004–2022. A total of 28–29 species of insectivores and rodents were recorded in southern taiga and middle taiga areas of the Middle Ob valley. The inexact number of animal species is due to the fact that the classification of voles of the arvalis group in the studied area has not been completely determined. The given descriptions of all the revealed species include the occurrence, abundance, and other aspects of small mammal ecology. The specific features of the southern taiga and the middle taiga sections of the Middle Ob valley, as well as of the floodplain and terrace in general, are revealed. The common hamster, narrow-headed vole (southern subspecies), Korean field mouse, and herb wood mouse occur only in the southern taiga section of the Middle Ob valley and are not common in the middle taiga section of the studied area. These species also avoid floodplain biotopes. The determined list of dominants includes the common shrew and the root vole for the floodplain and the common shrew and the northern red-backed vole for the terrace. The codominant species are represented by the Eurasian pygmy shrew and Laxmann’s shrew, as well as by the harvest mouse. The valley of the Middle Ob is dominated by western Palearctic species. They tend to dominate both the floodplain and the terrace.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Bird Population of Ufa 乌法鸟类种群的时空变异性

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s199542552402015x

V. V. Zagorskaya, Y. S. Ravkin, I. P. Kokorina, M. I. Lyalina

Abstract

The results of year-round bird counts conducted in Ufa every 2 weeks for 3 years (2012–2014) on routes with a length of 5 km in each of the five sites (multistory buildings, in areas of old and new individual buildings, on streets, and in parks) are analyzed. Methods of cluster analysis have revealed the main trends of seasonal and territorial heterogeneity of the bird population. The informativeness of the representations is determined using a linear qualitative approximation of community similarity matrices (one of the methods of regression analysis). The selected seasonal aspects are compared with the phenological division according to the seasonal development of nature. The orientation of the constructed graphs in the factor space is compared with the results of nonmetric scaling. A map of seasonal and territorial heterogeneity of the surveyed ornithocomplexes has been compiled.

摘要分析了乌法市三年来（2012-2014 年）每两周在五个地点（多层建筑、新旧单体建筑区、街道和公园）各 5 公里长的路线上进行的全年鸟类计数结果。聚类分析方法揭示了鸟类种群季节性和地域性差异的主要趋势。利用群落相似性矩阵的线性定性近似（回归分析的方法之一）来确定表征的信息量。根据自然界的季节发展，将选定的季节方面与物候学划分进行比较。构建的图形在因子空间中的方向与非度量衡的结果进行了比较。绘制了调查鸟类群落的季节和地域异质性图。

引用次数: 0

Influence of Climate Changes on the Structure of Summer Phytoplankton in a Forest Zone Lake (Raifskoe, Volga-Kama Nature Reserve) 气候变化对森林区湖泊（伏尔加-卡马自然保护区雷夫斯科湖）夏季浮游植物结构的影响

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020082

O. V. Palagushkina, E. N. Unkovskaya, L. B. Nazarova

Abstract

Climate change, which causes significant structural transformations of ecosystems, is becoming one of the most acute environmental problems of our time. Monitoring observations in protected areas, where anthropogenic impacts are minimal, reflect the effect of climate on natural communities. We have studied the change in the structure of summer phytoplankton in Lake Raifskoe (Volga-Kama Nature Reserve) for more than 20 years, as well as the relationship of these changes with environmental factors. This study has shown an increase in the proportion of dinophyte algae in the total biomass of summer phytoplankton in the lake, which is located in the forest zone. This change is more typical for the structure of lake communities in the forest-steppe zone. The leading role in the change in the structure of phytoplankton is played by climate, the air temperature of the warmest month (July) in particular. No effect of climate humidity (precipitation) on the phytoplankton community has been revealed. Our data show that current climate changes lead to rearrangements of phytoplankton communities, as a result of which the biomass structure of summer phytoplankton in the studied lake located in the forest zone of the Middle Volga region can acquire features of the structure of lake communities of the forest-steppe zone.

摘要气候变化导致生态系统结构发生重大变化，正在成为当代最尖锐的环境问题之一。在人为影响最小的保护区进行的监测观察反映了气候对自然群落的影响。20 多年来，我们一直在研究雷夫斯科湖（伏尔加-卡马自然保护区）夏季浮游植物结构的变化，以及这些变化与环境因素的关系。这项研究表明，位于森林地带的雷夫斯科湖夏季浮游植物总生物量中二叶藻类的比例有所增加。这种变化在森林草原地区的湖泊群落结构中较为典型。对浮游植物结构变化起主导作用的是气候，尤其是最暖月份（7 月）的气温。气候湿度（降水）对浮游植物群落没有影响。我们的数据显示，当前的气候变化导致浮游植物群落重新排列，因此，位于伏尔加河中游地区森林地带的研究湖泊的夏季浮游植物生物量结构可能具有森林草原地带湖泊群落结构的特征。

{"title":"Influence of Climate Changes on the Structure of Summer Phytoplankton in a Forest Zone Lake (Raifskoe, Volga-Kama Nature Reserve)","authors":"O. V. Palagushkina, E. N. Unkovskaya, L. B. Nazarova","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020082","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Climate change, which causes significant structural transformations of ecosystems, is becoming one of the most acute environmental problems of our time. Monitoring observations in protected areas, where anthropogenic impacts are minimal, reflect the effect of climate on natural communities. We have studied the change in the structure of summer phytoplankton in Lake Raifskoe (Volga-Kama Nature Reserve) for more than 20 years, as well as the relationship of these changes with environmental factors. This study has shown an increase in the proportion of dinophyte algae in the total biomass of summer phytoplankton in the lake, which is located in the forest zone. This change is more typical for the structure of lake communities in the forest-steppe zone. The leading role in the change in the structure of phytoplankton is played by climate, the air temperature of the warmest month (July) in particular. No effect of climate humidity (precipitation) on the phytoplankton community has been revealed. Our data show that current climate changes lead to rearrangements of phytoplankton communities, as a result of which the biomass structure of summer phytoplankton in the studied lake located in the forest zone of the Middle Volga region can acquire features of the structure of lake communities of the forest-steppe zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community of Small Mammals in the Patchy Landscape of Northern Kulunda (Western Siberia) 库仑达北部（西伯利亚西部）成片地貌中的小型哺乳动物群落

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020021

T. A. Dupal, Yu. N. Litvinov

Abstract

An analysis of the community of rodents and insectivores in five biotopes of the southern forest steppe of Northern Kulunda has been carried out. High biodiversity is typical for the coastal strip with dense herbage near the lake, and low biodiversity is typical for the feather grass–forb steppe. At the beginning of the 21st century, there was a change in dominants of the community of small mammals, and the species richness increased. Of the five shrew species, only the common, tundra, and Eurasian pygmy shrews inhabit all biotopes. Their total proportion in each biotope varied between 16 to 38%. Among the 11 rodent species, the narrow-headed vole is the dominant species. Its total proportion in the community of small mammals was 38.3%. This species is characterized by a peculiar cycle of abundance. The reduction of steppe habitats has led to a decrease in the number of steppe lemming and a change in its population cycle. The proportion of other rodent species in the community of small mammals is low.

摘要对北库伦达南部森林草原五个生物群落中的啮齿动物和食虫动物群落进行了分析。湖边草本植物茂密的沿海地带具有典型的高生物多样性，而羽毛草-草本草原则具有典型的低生物多样性。21 世纪初，小型哺乳动物群落的优势物种发生了变化，物种丰富度有所增加。在五种鼩鼱中，只有普通鼩鼱、苔原鼩鼱和欧亚侏儒鼩鼱栖息在所有生物群落中。它们在每个生物群落中的总比例在 16% 到 38% 之间。在 11 种啮齿类动物中，窄头田鼠是主要物种。它在小型哺乳动物群落中的总比例为 38.3%。窄头田鼠的数量具有特殊的周期性。草原栖息地的减少导致了草原旅鼠数量的减少及其种群周期的变化。其他啮齿类物种在小型哺乳动物群落中所占比例较低。

引用次数: 0

Assembly of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Inhabiting Cow Dung in the Northern Spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains (Russian Far East) 栖息在满洲-朝鲜山脉北部（俄罗斯远东地区）牛粪中的蜣螂（鞘翅目，疤囊虫科）的集合体

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020100

S. A. Shabalin

Abstract

In the northern spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains (Primorskii krai), an assembly of dung beetles inhabiting cow dung has been studied. Data on the species composition, population dynamics, and number and biomass of the dung beetles are presented. A comparison of the assemblies of sheep and cow dung beetles in the conditions of the northern spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains has shown that, despite the fact that these assemblies are geographically located in identical areas, formed on the basis of a common pool of species, and have a similar species composition of beetles, the structural features of these assemblies, as well as the dynamic processes taking place in them, have significant differences. This is expressed in a richer species composition in cow dung, in the number of species in individual functional groups, in differences in dominant species, in features of the seasonal distribution of abundance and biomass (including the peak values of these indicators for individual functional groups of dung beetles), and in aggregate indicators of overlapping temporal aspects and ecological niches of coprophilous scarab beetles. It is suggested that the above differences are due to both the historical processes of the formation of assemblies and abiotic factors, first and foremost, by the size and consistency of substrate.

摘要在满洲-朝鲜山脉（滨海边疆区）北部的山脊上，对栖息在牛粪中的蜣螂群进行了研究。本文介绍了蜣螂的物种组成、种群动态、数量和生物量数据。对满洲-朝鲜山脉北麓条件下的羊粪甲虫和牛粪甲虫集合体进行的比较表明，尽管这些集合体在地理位置上位于相同的地区，以共同的物种库为基础形成，并且具有相似的甲虫物种组成，但这些集合体的结构特征以及其中发生的动态过程存在显著差异。这表现在牛粪中更丰富的物种组成、单个功能群的物种数量、优势物种的差异、丰度和生物量的季节分布特征（包括蜣螂单个功能群的这些指标的峰值），以及共亲猩红甲虫的重叠时间方面和生态位方面的综合指标。据认为，上述差异既是由于集合体形成的历史过程造成的，也是由于非生物因素（首先是基质的大小和一致性）造成的。

{"title":"Assembly of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Inhabiting Cow Dung in the Northern Spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains (Russian Far East)","authors":"S. A. Shabalin","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020100","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the northern spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains (Primorskii krai), an assembly of dung beetles inhabiting cow dung has been studied. Data on the species composition, population dynamics, and number and biomass of the dung beetles are presented. A comparison of the assemblies of sheep and cow dung beetles in the conditions of the northern spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains has shown that, despite the fact that these assemblies are geographically located in identical areas, formed on the basis of a common pool of species, and have a similar species composition of beetles, the structural features of these assemblies, as well as the dynamic processes taking place in them, have significant differences. This is expressed in a richer species composition in cow dung, in the number of species in individual functional groups, in differences in dominant species, in features of the seasonal distribution of abundance and biomass (including the peak values of these indicators for individual functional groups of dung beetles), and in aggregate indicators of overlapping temporal aspects and ecological niches of coprophilous scarab beetles. It is suggested that the above differences are due to both the historical processes of the formation of assemblies and abiotic factors, first and foremost, by the size and consistency of substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Background Concentrations of Chemical Elements in Plants Inhabiting the Northern Part of Western Siberia and Changes They Undergo under the Impact of Oil and Gas Production 西西伯利亚北部地区植物体内化学元素的本底浓度及其在石油和天然气生产影响下发生的变化

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020070

M. G. Opekunova, A. Y. Opekunov, S. Y. Kukushkin, I. Y. Arestova, S. A. Lisenkov

Abstract

Concentrations of chemical elements (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Ba, Cd, and Mn) in 17 plant species inhabiting the northern part of Western Siberia have been determined on the basis of data collected in the course of long-term (1993–2022) studies. The regional geochemical background of predominant plant species is determined, and changes in the chemical composition of plants in the vicinity of oil and gas condensate fields in the northern part of Western Siberia are analyzed. Indicator species reflecting early trends in ecosystem transformations under the impact of anthropogenic pressure and associations of chemical elements typical for various pollution sources are proposed. It is demonstrated that phytoindication can be used to detect subtle environmental changes in the vicinity of gas condensate fields.

摘要根据长期（1993-2022 年）研究过程中收集的数据，确定了居住在西西伯利亚北部地区的 17 种植物中化学元素（Na、K、Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe、Pb、Sr、Zr、Cd、Ni、Co、Cr、Ba、Cd 和 Mn）的浓度。确定了主要植物物种的区域地球化学背景，分析了西西伯利亚北部石油和天然气凝析油田附近植物化学成分的变化。提出了反映人为压力影响下生态系统早期变化趋势的指示物种以及各种污染源典型化学元素的关联。结果表明，植物指示可以用来检测天然气凝析油田附近微妙的环境变化。

引用次数: 0

Stanols in the Sediments of Lake Shira (Southern Siberia) as an Indicator of Fecal Influx into the Lake in the Late Holocene 希拉湖（南西伯利亚）沉积物中的斯坦诺尔作为全新世晚期粪便流入湖中的指标

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020124

E. K. Sinner, A. N. Boyandin, D. Y. Rogozin

Abstract

The study of fecal compounds in lake sediments is one of the newest trends in paleolimnology. Some stanols are produced by the intestinal microflora of animals from sterols found in food. Once in water bodies, these substances remain in bottom sediments for millennia; therefore, they are biochemical indicators of fecal intake. In humans and animals, similar 5β-stanols are synthesized, but their percentages differ. The human intestinal microflora produces more coprostanol and epicoprostanol than that of other animals, so these 5β-stanols are used to reconstruct the history of the population of water bodies, as well as to assess the anthropogenic load. In the present work, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, the vertical distribution of fecal stanols and their precursor cholesterol in dated bottom sediments of Lake Shira (southern Siberia, Republic of Khakassia) for a period of about 1000 years was studied for the first time. It is shown that the relative share of coprostanol and epicoprostanol was higher in sediments corresponding to the periods when the anthropogenic load in the lake’s drainage basin was supposedly increased: during the heyday of the medieval state of the Yenisei Kyrgyz (9th–11th centuries); during the period of mass colonization by the Russian population (17th–18th centuries); and in the 19th–20th centuries, during the development of resort activities. The absolute content of all fecal stanols during the last hundred years is higher, which can be explained both by an increase in fecal inflows and by the degradation of stanols, leading to a decrease in the content of fecal stanols in the underlying core layers. The results can be useful for monitoring the efficiency of treatment facilities, as well as for identifying the historical dynamics of human presence in the lake’s catchment area.

摘要研究湖泊沉积物中的粪便化合物是古气象学的最新趋势之一。一些固醇是由动物肠道微生物菌群从食物中的固醇生成的。这些物质一旦进入水体，就会在底层沉积物中保留千年之久；因此，它们是粪便摄入量的生化指标。人类和动物体内合成的 5β 烷醇相似，但比例不同。人类肠道微生物菌群比其他动物产生更多的 coprostanol 和 epicoprostanol，因此这些 5β Stanols 可用于重建水体的人口历史以及评估人为负荷。在本研究中，利用气相色谱和质谱检测技术，首次研究了希拉湖（西伯利亚南部，哈卡西亚共和国）约 1000 年间底层沉积物中排泄物链烷醇及其前体胆固醇的垂直分布情况。研究表明，在湖泊流域人为负荷增加的时期，沉积物中的共烷醇和表雄醇的相对比例较高：叶尼塞吉尔吉斯中世纪国家的鼎盛时期（9 至 11 世纪）；俄罗斯人口大规模殖民时期（17 至 18 世纪）；以及 19 至 20 世纪度假村活动的发展时期。近百年来，所有粪便链烷醇的绝对含量都较高，这既可以解释为粪便流入量的增加，也可以解释为链烷醇的降解导致了底层核心层中粪便链烷醇含量的减少。这些结果有助于监测处理设施的效率，也有助于确定湖泊集水区人类存在的历史动态。

{"title":"Stanols in the Sediments of Lake Shira (Southern Siberia) as an Indicator of Fecal Influx into the Lake in the Late Holocene","authors":"E. K. Sinner, A. N. Boyandin, D. Y. Rogozin","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020124","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study of fecal compounds in lake sediments is one of the newest trends in paleolimnology. Some stanols are produced by the intestinal microflora of animals from sterols found in food. Once in water bodies, these substances remain in bottom sediments for millennia; therefore, they are biochemical indicators of fecal intake. In humans and animals, similar 5β-stanols are synthesized, but their percentages differ. The human intestinal microflora produces more coprostanol and epicoprostanol than that of other animals, so these 5β-stanols are used to reconstruct the history of the population of water bodies, as well as to assess the anthropogenic load. In the present work, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, the vertical distribution of fecal stanols and their precursor cholesterol in dated bottom sediments of Lake Shira (southern Siberia, Republic of Khakassia) for a period of about 1000 years was studied for the first time. It is shown that the relative share of coprostanol and epicoprostanol was higher in sediments corresponding to the periods when the anthropogenic load in the lake’s drainage basin was supposedly increased: during the heyday of the medieval state of the Yenisei Kyrgyz (9th–11th centuries); during the period of mass colonization by the Russian population (17th–18th centuries); and in the 19th–20th centuries, during the development of resort activities. The absolute content of all fecal stanols during the last hundred years is higher, which can be explained both by an increase in fecal inflows and by the degradation of stanols, leading to a decrease in the content of fecal stanols in the underlying core layers. The results can be useful for monitoring the efficiency of treatment facilities, as well as for identifying the historical dynamics of human presence in the lake’s catchment area.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenotypic Plasticity of Two Stipa in Grassland Responses to Elevated CO2 and Precipitation Change 草地上两种茎叶的表型可塑性对二氧化碳升高和降水变化的响应

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524010128

Y. H. Shi, G. S. Zhou, Y. L. Jiang, H. Wang, Z. Z. Xu

Abstract

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and precipitation change affect plants’ survival and thriving. Phenotypic plasticity can show plants adaptability to varying environment. Physiological plasticity reflects plants capacity to open areas, and morphological plasticity reflects capacity to survive and grow. In this study, we simulated combined effects of elevated CO₂ and precipitation change on the phenotypic plasticity of two Stipa species: Stipa grandis and Stipa breviflora. Our results indicated that plasticity of physiology was higher than plasticity of morphology under either ambient or elevated CO₂ concentration in both Stipa species. S. breviflora showed higher plasticity index of physiological (PI_p) and plasticity index of morphological (PI_m) than S. grandis under elevated CO₂ concentration. Therefore, we speculate that S. breviflora is more adaptable than S. grandis under high CO₂ concentration in the future. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and simultaneous precipitation change is advantageous to S. breviflora distribution expansion, nonetheless, the changing environments also favor the competitive ability of S. grandis.

摘要大气中二氧化碳浓度的升高和降水量的变化会影响植物的生存和生长。表型可塑性可以显示植物对不同环境的适应能力。生理可塑性反映了植物的开阔能力，而形态可塑性则反映了植物的生存和生长能力。在这项研究中，我们模拟了高浓度二氧化碳和降水变化对两种 Stipa 植物表型可塑性的综合影响：Stipa grandis和Stipa breviflora的表型可塑性。结果表明，在环境或高浓度 CO2 条件下，两种 Stipa 的生理可塑性均高于形态可塑性。在 CO2 浓度升高的条件下，S. breviflora 的生理可塑性指数（PIp）和形态可塑性指数（PIm）均高于 S. grandis。因此，我们推测，未来在高浓度 CO2 条件下，绣线菊的适应性比鹅掌楸强。大气中二氧化碳浓度的升高和降水量的同步变化有利于布袋莲分布范围的扩大，但环境的变化也有利于布袋莲竞争能力的提高。

{"title":"Phenotypic Plasticity of Two Stipa in Grassland Responses to Elevated CO2 and Precipitation Change","authors":"Y. H. Shi, G. S. Zhou, Y. L. Jiang, H. Wang, Z. Z. Xu","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524010128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524010128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and precipitation change affect plants’ survival and thriving. Phenotypic plasticity can show plants adaptability to varying environment. Physiological plasticity reflects plants capacity to open areas, and morphological plasticity reflects capacity to survive and grow. In this study, we simulated combined effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and precipitation change on the phenotypic plasticity of two <i>Stipa</i> species: <i>Stipa grandis</i> and <i>Stipa breviflora</i>. Our results indicated that plasticity of physiology was higher than plasticity of morphology under either ambient or elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in both <i>Stipa</i> species. <i>S. breviflora</i> showed higher plasticity index of physiological (PI<sub>p</sub>) and plasticity index of morphological (PI<sub>m</sub>) than <i>S. grandis</i> under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Therefore, we speculate that <i>S. breviflora</i> is more adaptable than <i>S. grandis</i> under high CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the future. Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and simultaneous precipitation change is advantageous to <i>S. breviflora</i> distribution expansion, nonetheless, the changing environments also favor the competitive ability of <i>S. grandis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological and Geographical Structure and Dynamics of Spring Migration of Water and Semiaquatic Birds on the Putorana Plateau 普托拉纳高原水鸟和半水鸟春季迁徙的生态和地理结构与动态

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY

Contemporary Problems of Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524010116

A. A. Romanov

Abstract

The ecological and geographical differentiation and dynamics of the spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds of the Putorana Plateau are analyzed. In 1988–2007, eight points were surveyed in the northern, southern, western, and eastern parts of the region on an area of 250 000 km² using the method of route census. The water and semiaquatic avifauna of the Putorana Plateau during the spring migration includes 68 species. The tundra species (53%) from among the Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, accounting for 94%, make a significant contribution to the avifauna formation. Birds fly to the north, east, and west. They make stops at the river deltas that are freed from snow and ice early. The species distributed at stopover sites everywhere (38%), locally (22%), and pointwise (40%) are distinguished. Bird population density at stopovers is from 15 to 227 (on average (n = 8) 94) ind./km of shoreline. The population of birds on lakes is always much smaller than on adjacent river sections. The vast majority of individuals of almost all migratory species are united in monospecific and (rarely) polyspecific flocks. The entire spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds on the Putorana Plateau takes place from May 19 to June 27 and lasts on average (n = 10) 23 days. The main passage runs from May 25 to June 17 and lasts an average of (n = 8) 7 days. Spring migration is most intense in the west of the Putorana Plateau, where at least 20 000–30 000 individuals of aquatic and semiaquatic birds fly through the surveyed points. The passage is much weaker in the center and, especially, in the east of the region. There are 19 species among the dominants of water and semiaquatic habitats, including the common teal, Eurasian wigeon, northern pintail, grey-tailed tattler, and little stint.

摘要分析了普托拉纳高原水鸟和半水鸟春季迁徙的生态和地理差异及动态。1988-2007年，采用路线普查的方法在该地区北部、南部、西部和东部的25万平方公里范围内调查了8个点。春季迁徙期间，普托拉纳高原的水栖和半水栖鸟类包括 68 种。冻原鸟类（53%）来自凫形目和夏鸟形目，占 94%，对鸟类区系的形成做出了重要贡献。鸟类飞向北部、东部和西部。它们在冰雪较早消融的河流三角洲停留。在中途停留地分布的鸟类有各地（38%）、局部（22%）和点状（40%）之分。停歇地的鸟类种群密度为 15 至 227（平均（n = 8）94）只/千米海岸线。湖泊上的鸟类数量总是比邻近河段的数量少得多。几乎所有迁徙物种的绝大多数个体都聚集在单特异性或（极少）多特异性的鸟群中。普托拉纳高原水鸟和半水鸟的整个春季迁徙过程从 5 月 19 日开始，到 6 月 27 日结束，平均持续 23 天（n = 10）。主要通道从5月25日到6月17日，平均持续（n = 8）7天。普托拉纳高原西部的春季迁徙最为密集，至少有 20 000-30 000 只水栖和半水栖鸟类飞经调查点。该地区中部，尤其是东部的迁徙活动要弱得多。水栖和半水栖栖息地的主要鸟类有 19 种，其中包括普通凫、欧亚鸽、北凤头鹑、灰尾鹡鸰和小杓鹬。

{"title":"Ecological and Geographical Structure and Dynamics of Spring Migration of Water and Semiaquatic Birds on the Putorana Plateau","authors":"A. A. Romanov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524010116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524010116","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The ecological and geographical differentiation and dynamics of the spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds of the Putorana Plateau are analyzed. In 1988–2007, eight points were surveyed in the northern, southern, western, and eastern parts of the region on an area of 250 000 km<sup>2</sup> using the method of route census. The water and semiaquatic avifauna of the Putorana Plateau during the spring migration includes 68 species. The tundra species (53%) from among the Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, accounting for 94%, make a significant contribution to the avifauna formation. Birds fly to the north, east, and west. They make stops at the river deltas that are freed from snow and ice early. The species distributed at stopover sites everywhere (38%), locally (22%), and pointwise (40%) are distinguished. Bird population density at stopovers is from 15 to 227 (on average (<i>n</i> = 8) 94) ind./km of shoreline. The population of birds on lakes is always much smaller than on adjacent river sections. The vast majority of individuals of almost all migratory species are united in monospecific and (rarely) polyspecific flocks. The entire spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds on the Putorana Plateau takes place from May 19 to June 27 and lasts on average (<i>n</i> = 10) 23 days. The main passage runs from May 25 to June 17 and lasts an average of (<i>n</i> = 8) 7 days. Spring migration is most intense in the west of the Putorana Plateau, where at least 20 000–30 000 individuals of aquatic and semiaquatic birds fly through the surveyed points. The passage is much weaker in the center and, especially, in the east of the region. There are 19 species among the dominants of water and semiaquatic habitats, including the common teal, Eurasian wigeon, northern pintail, grey-tailed tattler, and little stint.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0