Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700197
I. G. Grachev
Abstract
An analysis of modern scientific ideas has shown that there is no consensus on the definition of the energy of organic matter in ecosystems, and current methods need a detailed elaboration. This article presents the results of the application of the method of a component-by-component assessment of the amount of energy of the organic matter of the ecosystem using the energy approach. The methodology is the determination of energy indicators for pools of phytomass, mortmass, and soils, as well as the study of the main energy sources involved in the formation of the ecosystem. The research was carried out on the first above-floodplain terrace of the right coast of the Ushayka River in Tomsk oblast. The materials for testing the technique were obtained in the field on a scale at the level of landscape facies. In laboratory conditions, the energy potential was calculated by methods of determining the heat of combustion during direct combustion using a calorimeter for fractions of model wood, phytomass, and mortmass. According to the results of the study, the main sources of energy for the ecosystem are the sun and precipitation, which provide 3.357 × 109 J/m2/year. The total amount of energy of the organic matter of the ecosystem at the moment, representing its energy potential, is 1.523 × 1013 J/ha, of which the energy potential of grass cover phytomass is 55.01 × 109 J/ha, that of common pine tree stands is 1.29 × 1013 J/ha, that of mortmass is 43.058 × 109 J, and that of soils is 6.754 × 1012 J. The results of the work carried out can be applied to agriculture, territorial zoning, monitoring, recreation, and creation of special ecological zones.
{"title":"Methodology of Energy Assessment for Ecosystems of the First Floodplain Terrace of the Ushayka River (Tomsk Oblast)","authors":"I. G. Grachev","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700197","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An analysis of modern scientific ideas has shown that there is no consensus on the definition of the energy of organic matter in ecosystems, and current methods need a detailed elaboration. This article presents the results of the application of the method of a component-by-component assessment of the amount of energy of the organic matter of the ecosystem using the energy approach. The methodology is the determination of energy indicators for pools of phytomass, mortmass, and soils, as well as the study of the main energy sources involved in the formation of the ecosystem. The research was carried out on the first above-floodplain terrace of the right coast of the Ushayka River in Tomsk oblast. The materials for testing the technique were obtained in the field on a scale at the level of landscape facies. In laboratory conditions, the energy potential was calculated by methods of determining the heat of combustion during direct combustion using a calorimeter for fractions of model wood, phytomass, and mortmass. According to the results of the study, the main sources of energy for the ecosystem are the sun and precipitation, which provide 3.357 × 10<sup>9</sup> J/m<sup>2</sup>/year. The total amount of energy of the organic matter of the ecosystem at the moment, representing its energy potential, is 1.523 × 10<sup>13</sup> J/ha, of which the energy potential of grass cover phytomass is 55.01 × 10<sup>9</sup> J/ha, that of common pine tree stands is 1.29 × 10<sup>13</sup> J/ha, that of mortmass is 43.058 × 10<sup>9</sup> J, and that of soils is 6.754 × 10<sup>12</sup> J. The results of the work carried out can be applied to agriculture, territorial zoning, monitoring, recreation, and creation of special ecological zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700136
A. E. Zhokhov, M. N. Pugacheva
Abstract
To estimate the diversity of trematodes parasitizing the invasive mollusk Viviparus viviparus, the occurrence frequency of trematode larvae (cercariae and metacercariae) in the Tura River has been surveyed near the city of Tyumen in Western Siberia. In total, 53 snails with a shell height of 17–32 mm have been examined. Three trematode species are found: Cercaria nigrospora cercariae (3.77%), Neoacanthoparyphium echinatoides cercariae (5.56%), N. echinatoides metacercariae (58.5%, 47–279), and nonencysted Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae metacercariae (62.3%, 2–69).
{"title":"Parasites of the Invasive Snail Viviparus viviparus (L., 1758) in the Tura River (Tyumen oblast, Western Siberia)","authors":"A. E. Zhokhov, M. N. Pugacheva","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700136","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>To estimate the diversity of trematodes parasitizing the invasive mollusk <i>Viviparus viviparus,</i> the occurrence frequency of trematode larvae (cercariae and metacercariae) in the Tura River has been surveyed near the city of Tyumen in Western Siberia. In total, 53 snails with a shell height of 17–32 mm have been examined. Three trematode species are found: <i>Cercaria nigrospora</i> cercariae (3.77%), <i>Neoacanthoparyphium echinatoides</i> cercariae (5.56%), <i>N. echinatoides</i> metacercariae (58.5%, 47–279), and nonencysted <i>Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae</i> metacercariae (62.3%, 2–69).</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700161
N. S. Kuzminova, E. B. Melnikova, T. N. Petrova, V. A. Timofeev, V. I. Maltsev, O. A. Mironov
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of basic population parameters of the black scorpionfish caught in the waters of the coasts of the Crimean Peninsula, its grown rate, and its nutritional spectrum. The modern food supply of scorpionfish from the southeastern part differs from that in 1940–1950: in the Sevastopol region, scorpionfish mainly consume fish, and in the waters of Feodosia they consume crustaceans. The main changes in food items, depending on the fish age, are associated with the components—decapods and fish. In the southeastern part of Crimea, small fish species predominate in the diet of scorpionfish, which affected the higher growth rate of the object studied. Black scorpionfish at the age of 6 years and older in these waters consume mainly decapods. In Sevastopol waters, the diet does not change significantly depending on age, so the fish component in the stomach of black scorpionfish of older age groups cause it to grow faster. However, no significant differences in the growth rate of fish from the two areas were obtained. The data presented in the paper on the physical and chemical parameters of water, as well as the distribution of bottom aquatic vegetation in the two main study areas, demonstrate small differences in the quality of the environment and are satisfactory for the bottom predator studied. The average age of the scorpionfish from Karadag was 5.9 years old, the most numerous age group was 4 years; the average age of individuals from the water area was 3.72, and the most numerous age group was 3 years. In the Sevastopol region, scorpionfish up to 5 years of age are larger than in the Feodosia region, and from 6 years of age it is the other way around. Despite this, the condition factor of fish from the waters of southeastern Crimea was higher in most cases.
{"title":"Distinctive Features of the Biology of Black Scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus from Marine Waters along the Coast of Southeast and Southwest Crimea","authors":"N. S. Kuzminova, E. B. Melnikova, T. N. Petrova, V. A. Timofeev, V. I. Maltsev, O. A. Mironov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700161","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of a study of basic population parameters of the black scorpionfish caught in the waters of the coasts of the Crimean Peninsula, its grown rate, and its nutritional spectrum. The modern food supply of scorpionfish from the southeastern part differs from that in 1940–1950: in the Sevastopol region, scorpionfish mainly consume fish, and in the waters of Feodosia they consume crustaceans. The main changes in food items, depending on the fish age, are associated with the components—decapods and fish. In the southeastern part of Crimea, small fish species predominate in the diet of scorpionfish, which affected the higher growth rate of the object studied. Black scorpionfish at the age of 6 years and older in these waters consume mainly decapods. In Sevastopol waters, the diet does not change significantly depending on age, so the fish component in the stomach of black scorpionfish of older age groups cause it to grow faster. However, no significant differences in the growth rate of fish from the two areas were obtained. The data presented in the paper on the physical and chemical parameters of water, as well as the distribution of bottom aquatic vegetation in the two main study areas, demonstrate small differences in the quality of the environment and are satisfactory for the bottom predator studied. The average age of the scorpionfish from Karadag was 5.9 years old, the most numerous age group was 4 years; the average age of individuals from the water area was 3.72, and the most numerous age group was 3 years. In the Sevastopol region, scorpionfish up to 5 years of age are larger than in the Feodosia region, and from 6 years of age it is the other way around. Despite this, the condition factor of fish from the waters of southeastern Crimea was higher in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020057
A. A. Lyutikov, A. E. Korolev, A. K. Shumilina, Yu. N. Lukina, M. M. Vylka, A. S. Prishchepa
Abstract
Studies of the physiological state of 3-year-old pikeperch from a lake (natural habitat), ponds, and fish farm cages show significant differences in the size, mass, biochemical, hematological, and histophysiological parameters of fish. Farmed fish are larger (length 26.2 cm; weight 242.1 g) than lake individuals (27.6 cm and 278.2 g, vs. 23.7 cm and 162.6 g in pond pikeperch) and have higher index values of liver (3.68 vs. 1.42 and 1.03% in lake and pond fish, respectively), gonads (0.73 vs. 0.15 and 0.08%), and abdominal fat (8.61 vs. 1.87 and 2.30%). The chemical composition of the body of farmed fish is characterized by a large quantity of lipids (9.4 vs. 2.5 and 3.6%, respectively) and nitrogen-free extracts (NFEs) (3.4 vs. 2.5 and 2.4%), muscle—protein (21.0 vs. 19.0 and 19.2%), and liver—lipids (26.6 vs. 11.1 and 7.5%, respectively) and NFEs (9.6 vs. 1.9 and 2.5%), as well as low moisture (51.7 vs. 69.3 and 71.5%), protein (11.2 vs. 16.6 and 17.2%), ash (0.9 vs. 1.1 and 1.3%), and vitamin C (67.5 vs. 87.9 and 97.6%) contents. The fatty acid (FA) composition of the muscle lipids of farmed fish is generally comparable to that of lake and pond fish—the main groups of FAs are at a similar level: polyunsaturated FAs in the range of 37.0–40.6% of the total FAs, saturated FAs 25.5–29.6%, and monounsaturated FAs 28.0 and 23.2% in farmed and lake fish and 17.5% in pond fish. The content of arachidonic acid 20:4n-6 in farmed fish is extremely low (1.0 vs. 8.0 and 11.5% of the total FAs). Liver lipids of farmed fish contain a large amount of oleic acid 18:1n-9 (30.3 vs. 16.2 and 15.0% of the total FAs in lake and pond fish) and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (17.5 vs. 8.4 and 7.1%), in particular, linoleic acid 18:2n-6 (7.0 vs. 1.9 and 0.2%). The blood of farmed fish, compared to pond fish, differs in a lower content of hemoglobin (64.8 vs. 74.8 g/L) and an increased content of immature lymphocytes (11.6 vs. 6.1%) and immature erythrocytes (2.2 vs. 1.1%). The gonads of farmed fish are at stage III of maturity with an average oocyte diameter of 478.9 µm; lake fish has two stages of oocyte maturity—the previtellogenic oocytes of protoplasmic growth, 62.7 µm in size, and significantly larger vitellogenic oocytes of trophoplasmic growth, 227.6 µm. In pond pikeperch, gonads correspond to stage II of maturity and oocytes are 58.3 µm in size. Certain differences in pikeperch from lakes, ponds, and farm conditions are associated with the different conditions in which they are kept and fed.
{"title":"Comparative Characteristics of the Physiological State of Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) from Various Habitat Conditions: Lake (Natural Habitat), Ponds, and Fish Farm Cages","authors":"A. A. Lyutikov, A. E. Korolev, A. K. Shumilina, Yu. N. Lukina, M. M. Vylka, A. S. Prishchepa","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020057","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Studies of the physiological state of 3-year-old pikeperch from a lake (natural habitat), ponds, and fish farm cages show significant differences in the size, mass, biochemical, hematological, and histophysiological parameters of fish. Farmed fish are larger (length 26.2 cm; weight 242.1 g) than lake individuals (27.6 cm and 278.2 g, vs. 23.7 cm and 162.6 g in pond pikeperch) and have higher index values of liver (3.68 vs. 1.42 and 1.03% in lake and pond fish, respectively), gonads (0.73 vs. 0.15 and 0.08%), and abdominal fat (8.61 vs. 1.87 and 2.30%). The chemical composition of the body of farmed fish is characterized by a large quantity of lipids (9.4 vs. 2.5 and 3.6%, respectively) and nitrogen-free extracts (NFEs) (3.4 vs. 2.5 and 2.4%), muscle—protein (21.0 vs. 19.0 and 19.2%), and liver—lipids (26.6 vs. 11.1 and 7.5%, respectively) and NFEs (9.6 vs. 1.9 and 2.5%), as well as low moisture (51.7 vs. 69.3 and 71.5%), protein (11.2 vs. 16.6 and 17.2%), ash (0.9 vs. 1.1 and 1.3%), and vitamin C (67.5 vs. 87.9 and 97.6%) contents. The fatty acid (FA) composition of the muscle lipids of farmed fish is generally comparable to that of lake and pond fish—the main groups of FAs are at a similar level: polyunsaturated FAs in the range of 37.0–40.6% of the total FAs, saturated FAs 25.5–29.6%, and monounsaturated FAs 28.0 and 23.2% in farmed and lake fish and 17.5% in pond fish. The content of arachidonic acid 20:4n-6 in farmed fish is extremely low (1.0 vs. 8.0 and 11.5% of the total FAs). Liver lipids of farmed fish contain a large amount of oleic acid 18:1n-9 (30.3 vs. 16.2 and 15.0% of the total FAs in lake and pond fish) and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (17.5 vs. 8.4 and 7.1%), in particular, linoleic acid 18:2n-6 (7.0 vs. 1.9 and 0.2%). The blood of farmed fish, compared to pond fish, differs in a lower content of hemoglobin (64.8 vs. 74.8 g/L) and an increased content of immature lymphocytes (11.6 vs. 6.1%) and immature erythrocytes (2.2 vs. 1.1%). The gonads of farmed fish are at stage III of maturity with an average oocyte diameter of 478.9 µm; lake fish has two stages of oocyte maturity—the previtellogenic oocytes of protoplasmic growth, 62.7 µm in size, and significantly larger vitellogenic oocytes of trophoplasmic growth, 227.6 µm. In pond pikeperch, gonads correspond to stage II of maturity and oocytes are 58.3 µm in size. Certain differences in pikeperch from lakes, ponds, and farm conditions are associated with the different conditions in which they are kept and fed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020148
A. O. Yurtseva, M. Yu. Zhukov
Abstract
Nonindigenous brown bullheads from two lakes of the Karelian Isthmus have been studied in relation to 36 morphological features characterizing the shape of the body and head, the position of the fins, and the number of finrays and vertebrae. The results are compared with data for the collection materials and data published earlier for other parts of the species distribution range in order to assess the intraspecific differentiation and morphological plasticity of this invasive species. Meristic characters of individuals from geographically distant sites are quite similar, and no difference between areas have been found. On the contrary, significant differences in morphometric characters between samples from geographically remote areas of Europe are shown, reaching the thresholds established for subspecies identification. The high level of morphometric variability in the invasive brown bullhead indicates a high phenotypic plasticity in external morphological traits responsible for fish locomotion, which is considered among factors contributing to its successful adaptation to new habitats and determining the invasive potential of this species.
{"title":"Morphological Characteristics of the Nonindigenous Brown Bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur, 1819) in Lakes of the Karelian Isthmus (Northwestern Europe)","authors":"A. O. Yurtseva, M. Yu. Zhukov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020148","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Nonindigenous brown bullheads from two lakes of the Karelian Isthmus have been studied in relation to 36 morphological features characterizing the shape of the body and head, the position of the fins, and the number of finrays and vertebrae. The results are compared with data for the collection materials and data published earlier for other parts of the species distribution range in order to assess the intraspecific differentiation and morphological plasticity of this invasive species. Meristic characters of individuals from geographically distant sites are quite similar, and no difference between areas have been found. On the contrary, significant differences in morphometric characters between samples from geographically remote areas of Europe are shown, reaching the thresholds established for subspecies identification. The high level of morphometric variability in the invasive brown bullhead indicates a high phenotypic plasticity in external morphological traits responsible for fish locomotion, which is considered among factors contributing to its successful adaptation to new habitats and determining the invasive potential of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020033
V. E. Efimik, N. V. Mitrakova, E. G. Efimik, S. L. Esyunin, G. Sh. Farzalieva
Abstract
An increase in technogenic impact and the need to conserve biodiversity have set us the task of assessing the baseline biodiversity in mining areas. The aim of this research is to investigate the state of the mesofauna of invertebrates in the litter and topsoil of typical biotopes of the Middle and Southern Taiga. This research is the first of its kind in Perm Krai. The vegetation characteristics of the survey sites are based on field geobotanical descriptions. The soil sampling method was used to collect invertebrates, and soil properties were studied using conventional methods. Taxonomic diversity and the population structure of soil invertebrates were evaluated, and vegetation was described. Morphological and physical-chemical analysis of soils was performed. Correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between quantitative indicators of soil mesofauna and the chemical properties of the surveyed soils. This comprehensive study was conducted across 10 survey sites for the first time. All of the surveyed biotopes exhibited the typical flora and fauna of litter and soil invertebrates found in the Ural boreal zone. At the same time, a noticeable synanthropization of vegetation was observed in all of the studied forest and meadow phytocenoses. The composition, structure, and abundance of invertebrate mesofauna in the studied biotopes were influenced by the type of phytocenosis, the composition and thickness of the litter, and the moisture levels in the soil and litter. The correlation analysis revealed a connection between soil acidity level and the quantitative indicators of Lumbricidae and Oniscidea. The natural communities studied were affected by anthropogenic factors such as land reclamation along with changes in soil composition and structure caused by mechanical disturbances during road construction, etc.
{"title":"The Influence of the Chemical Composition of Soil and Vegetation on the Soil Mesofauna in the Potash Mining Impact Zone in the Middle Prikamye Region","authors":"V. E. Efimik, N. V. Mitrakova, E. G. Efimik, S. L. Esyunin, G. Sh. Farzalieva","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020033","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An increase in technogenic impact and the need to conserve biodiversity have set us the task of assessing the baseline biodiversity in mining areas. The aim of this research is to investigate the state of the mesofauna of invertebrates in the litter and topsoil of typical biotopes of the Middle and Southern Taiga. This research is the first of its kind in Perm Krai. The vegetation characteristics of the survey sites are based on field geobotanical descriptions. The soil sampling method was used to collect invertebrates, and soil properties were studied using conventional methods. Taxonomic diversity and the population structure of soil invertebrates were evaluated, and vegetation was described. Morphological and physical-chemical analysis of soils was performed. Correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between quantitative indicators of soil mesofauna and the chemical properties of the surveyed soils. This comprehensive study was conducted across 10 survey sites for the first time. All of the surveyed biotopes exhibited the typical flora and fauna of litter and soil invertebrates found in the Ural boreal zone. At the same time, a noticeable synanthropization of vegetation was observed in all of the studied forest and meadow phytocenoses. The composition, structure, and abundance of invertebrate mesofauna in the studied biotopes were influenced by the type of phytocenosis, the composition and thickness of the litter, and the moisture levels in the soil and litter. The correlation analysis revealed a connection between soil acidity level and the quantitative indicators of Lumbricidae and Oniscidea. The natural communities studied were affected by anthropogenic factors such as land reclamation along with changes in soil composition and structure caused by mechanical disturbances during road construction, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020069
V. A. Nesterenko
Abstract
Semi-fossorial Sorex unguiculatus is a common shrew species in the central part of Northeast Asia, and this paper is devoted to elucidating its status in shrew taxocenes within the entire specified range. The configuration of the modern range of the long-clawed shrew differs from the generally accepted one, and its formation occurred through distribution from two Late Pleistocene refugiums—mainland and island. According to the status of the long-clawed shrew in the taxocenes, three areas were distinguished: this species is a dominant in low-species insular taxocenes, a subdominant in multispecies taxocenes of coniferous–broad-leaved forests of the Ussuri Territory, and a minor one in the zone of interpenetration of nemoral and taiga vegetation of the left-bank part of the Lower Amur Region. The further northwestern expansion of the long-clawed shrew is unlikely due to the specific requirements of this species for the type and structure of soils, which change significantly under the conditions of the appearance of permafrost, and coexistence with an ecologically similar species—the flat-skulled shrew.
{"title":"Range of the Long-Clawed Shrew Sorex unguiculatus and Its Status in Shrew Taxocenes of Northeast Asia","authors":"V. A. Nesterenko","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020069","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Semi-fossorial <i>Sorex unguiculatus</i> is a common shrew species in the central part of Northeast Asia, and this paper is devoted to elucidating its status in shrew taxocenes within the entire specified range. The configuration of the modern range of the long-clawed shrew differs from the generally accepted one, and its formation occurred through distribution from two Late Pleistocene refugiums—mainland and island. According to the status of the long-clawed shrew in the taxocenes, three areas were distinguished: this species is a dominant in low-species insular taxocenes, a subdominant in multispecies taxocenes of coniferous–broad-leaved forests of the Ussuri Territory, and a minor one in the zone of interpenetration of nemoral and taiga vegetation of the left-bank part of the Lower Amur Region. The further northwestern expansion of the long-clawed shrew is unlikely due to the specific requirements of this species for the type and structure of soils, which change significantly under the conditions of the appearance of permafrost, and coexistence with an ecologically similar species—the flat-skulled shrew.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020112
I. G. Shirokikh, N. A. Bokov, E. V. Dabakh, L. V. Kondakova, A. A. Shirokikh, T. Ya. Ashikhmina
Abstract
High-performance sequencing using the Illumina technology has been used to investigate the diversity of prokaryotes in three soil samples (Technosols) selected on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of chemical production near the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov oblast. The taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities formed in the process of regenerative succession of the technogenic landscape, in comparison with alluvial soil (Fluvisols)—a natural analogue of the one that was disturbed as a result of the disposal of waste from a chemical enterprise—is assessed. The analysis of the indicators of taxonomic richness and diversity demonstrate their lower values in the soils formed on waste in comparison with the natural soil of the background site. Twenty-six bacterial and 2 archaeal phyla of prokaryotes are identified, accounting for more than 95% of the number of classified sequences. The phylum Actinobacteria (22–41%) and Proteobacteria (20–26%) dominate. At the level of higher taxa in disturbed soils, compared with the community of natural alluvial soil, trends in the representation of phylum are revealed: a decrease in the proportion of Verrucomicrobia and an increase in the proportion of Cyanobacteria. The greatest differences between the communities of technosols and background soil are revealed at the levels of orders, families, and genera. Common and unique genera have been identified for each of the four microbiomes. The detected differences in the composition and structure of the prokaryotic component of microbial communities of disturbed soils are related to the complex of their physicochemical properties (granulometric composition, pH of soil solution, Corg content, composition of toxicants of industrial origin, humidity regime, etc.) and the nature of vegetation cover. The results are of interest for the development of new approaches in future studies of the relationship of soil microbiota with ecosystem changes caused by human activity.
{"title":"Prokaryotic Communities during the Self-Overgrowing of a Chemical Industry Waste Storage Facility","authors":"I. G. Shirokikh, N. A. Bokov, E. V. Dabakh, L. V. Kondakova, A. A. Shirokikh, T. Ya. Ashikhmina","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020112","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>High-performance sequencing using the Illumina technology has been used to investigate the diversity of prokaryotes in three soil samples (Technosols) selected on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of chemical production near the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov oblast. The taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities formed in the process of regenerative succession of the technogenic landscape, in comparison with alluvial soil (Fluvisols)—a natural analogue of the one that was disturbed as a result of the disposal of waste from a chemical enterprise—is assessed. The analysis of the indicators of taxonomic richness and diversity demonstrate their lower values in the soils formed on waste in comparison with the natural soil of the background site. Twenty-six bacterial and 2 archaeal phyla of prokaryotes are identified, accounting for more than 95% of the number of classified sequences. The phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i> (22–41%) and <i>Proteobacteria</i> (20–26%) dominate. At the level of higher taxa in disturbed soils, compared with the community of natural alluvial soil, trends in the representation of phylum are revealed: a decrease in the proportion of <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> and an increase in the proportion of <i>Cyanobacteria</i>. The greatest differences between the communities of technosols and background soil are revealed at the levels of orders, families, and genera. Common and unique genera have been identified for each of the four microbiomes. The detected differences in the composition and structure of the prokaryotic component of microbial communities of disturbed soils are related to the complex of their physicochemical properties (granulometric composition, pH of soil solution, C<sub>org</sub> content, composition of toxicants of industrial origin, humidity regime, etc.) and the nature of vegetation cover. The results are of interest for the development of new approaches in future studies of the relationship of soil microbiota with ecosystem changes caused by human activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524020045
V. Langraf, K. Petrovičová, V. Brygadyrenko
Abstract
Floodplain forests are among the most threatened ecosystems in Europe, providing specific conditions for many species. The research in floodplain forests in conditions agrarian landscape and in the Dunajské Luhy Protected Landscape Area (important European territory) was conducted. During the years 2020–2022, 2827 individuals of beetles belonging to 93 species at 6 locations representing two types of habitats (willow–poplar floodplain forest, regenerated poplar forest) were recorded. The beetles were collected using the pitfall traps method. Through spatial modeling (redundancy analysis—RDA), we found a strong preference of species for floodplain forests located in the Dunajská Luhy Protected Landscape Area a European important territory, where there was also a predominance of adaptable and relict species. These species prefer a more stable environment and undisturbed ecosystems with a sufficient food optimum. On the contrary, number of species belonging to the eurytopic group correlated with the conditions of the agrarian landscape were recorded. Moreover, these species inhabit ecosystems disturbed by anthropic activity. We also confirmed a significant difference in the number of individuals and species between the use of the landscape (agrarian landscape, Dunajské Luhy). We confirmed a larger number of individuals and species in the Dunajské Luhy PLA (important European territory). Our results bring new information about the negative impact of the agroeciosystem on floodplain forests. In order to preserve the European important floodplain forests in the Dunajské Luhy Protected Landscape Area, it is necessary to know the ecological niches between beetles and ecosystems.
{"title":"Structure of Beetles (Coleoptera) in the Conditions of Agriculturally Used Land and Natural Habitat of the European Important Territory of the Dunajské luhy","authors":"V. Langraf, K. Petrovičová, V. Brygadyrenko","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524020045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524020045","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Floodplain forests are among the most threatened ecosystems in Europe, providing specific conditions for many species. The research in floodplain forests in conditions agrarian landscape and in the Dunajské Luhy Protected Landscape Area (important European territory) was conducted. During the years 2020–2022, 2827 individuals of beetles belonging to 93 species at 6 locations representing two types of habitats (willow–poplar floodplain forest, regenerated poplar forest) were recorded. The beetles were collected using the pitfall traps method. Through spatial modeling (redundancy analysis—RDA), we found a strong preference of species for floodplain forests located in the Dunajská Luhy Protected Landscape Area a European important territory, where there was also a predominance of adaptable and relict species. These species prefer a more stable environment and undisturbed ecosystems with a sufficient food optimum. On the contrary, number of species belonging to the eurytopic group correlated with the conditions of the agrarian landscape were recorded. Moreover, these species inhabit ecosystems disturbed by anthropic activity. We also confirmed a significant difference in the number of individuals and species between the use of the landscape (agrarian landscape, Dunajské Luhy). We confirmed a larger number of individuals and species in the Dunajské Luhy PLA (important European territory). Our results bring new information about the negative impact of the agroeciosystem on floodplain forests. In order to preserve the European important floodplain forests in the Dunajské Luhy Protected Landscape Area, it is necessary to know the ecological niches between beetles and ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1134/s199542552402001x
N. A. Berezina, N. M. Sukhikh, A. V. Egorova, Z. A. Zhakovskaya
Abstract
Alkylphenols, which are industrial chemicals, are xenoestrogens; however, their sublethal effects on aquatic animals are poorly studied. The aim of this work is to study possible metabolic and reproductive disorders in amphipods using the example of Gmelinoides fasciatus from the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) after experimental exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol (4t-OP) from the group of alkylphenols. The mortality of G. fasciatus amphipods in 4t-OP concentration ranges from 0.5 to 1000 μg/L after 96 h and 7 days increases with increasing concentration. At 4t-OP concentrations of 0.5 and 5 μg/L, the mortality of G. fasciatus has not been observed. At a concentration of 20 μg/L, after 7 days, the mortality of crustaceans is 20%; at a concentration of 100 μg/L, it is 60%. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4t-OP (0.5 μg/L) resulted in a decrease in sexual activity of these amphipods after 1 week: only 25% of amphipods retain precopulatory pairs versus 100% in control. Under chronic exposure (28 days) to the lowest concentration, males show signs of demasculinization (a decrease in the width of the gnatopods and an increase in the depth of the coxal plates); females show a decrease in the overall fecundity and irreversible disturbances in the state of embryos (a high proportion (>50%) of embryos stop their development at different stages of organogenesis). The study shows significant functional disorders of metabolic processes and reproduction in crustaceans even when exposed to nonlethal concentrations of octylphenol. These results confirm the high toxicity of this industrial pollutant, the presence of which in the aquatic environment can lead to irreversible changes in the biota.
{"title":"Physiological and Reproductive Disorders of Baltic Amphipods Gmelinoides fasciatus Exposed to 4-tert-Octylphenol","authors":"N. A. Berezina, N. M. Sukhikh, A. V. Egorova, Z. A. Zhakovskaya","doi":"10.1134/s199542552402001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s199542552402001x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Alkylphenols, which are industrial chemicals, are xenoestrogens; however, their sublethal effects on aquatic animals are poorly studied. The aim of this work is to study possible metabolic and reproductive disorders in amphipods using the example of <i>Gmelinoides fasciatus</i> from the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) after experimental exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol (4t-OP) from the group of alkylphenols. The mortality of <i>G. fasciatus</i> amphipods in 4t-OP concentration ranges from 0.5 to 1000 μg/L after 96 h and 7 days increases with increasing concentration. At 4t-OP concentrations of 0.5 and 5 μg/L, the mortality of <i>G. fasciatus</i> has not been observed. At a concentration of 20 μg/L, after 7 days, the mortality of crustaceans is 20%; at a concentration of 100 μg/L, it is 60%. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4t-OP (0.5 μg/L) resulted in a decrease in sexual activity of these amphipods after 1 week: only 25% of amphipods retain precopulatory pairs versus 100% in control. Under chronic exposure (28 days) to the lowest concentration, males show signs of demasculinization (a decrease in the width of the gnatopods and an increase in the depth of the coxal plates); females show a decrease in the overall fecundity and irreversible disturbances in the state of embryos (a high proportion (>50%) of embryos stop their development at different stages of organogenesis). The study shows significant functional disorders of metabolic processes and reproduction in crustaceans even when exposed to nonlethal concentrations of octylphenol. These results confirm the high toxicity of this industrial pollutant, the presence of which in the aquatic environment can lead to irreversible changes in the biota.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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