Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070144
Abstract
This paper presents a review of publications on the relationship between phyllophagous insects and the forest communities in the current ecological situation, when ongoing climate changes, manifested primarily in an increase in the air temperature and a change in the precipitation amount and distribution, affect all processes in natural communities. Changes in the ranges of many plants and animal species are observed moving up northwards and up in altitude. The spring phenophases come earlier, the autumn ones come later, the vegetation period lengthens, and the biomass of terrestrial plants increases. Such phenomena, together with changes in climatic parameters, affect herbivorous animals, which include insects with various food specializations and different life cycles. As before, despite the growing number of observations in different parts of the earth, there remains a lot of uncertainty about how individual plant and insect species and their functional groups function under the changing external conditions. It is emphasized that it is necessary to continue long-term studies in specific natural conditions in order to more accurately determine the reaction of the participants in the interactions to local climate changes and understand what the forestry strategy should be in the current and the situation predicted for the future.
{"title":"Modern Aspects of Studying the Role of Phyllophagous Insects in Forest Communities","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070144","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper presents a review of publications on the relationship between phyllophagous insects and the forest communities in the current ecological situation, when ongoing climate changes, manifested primarily in an increase in the air temperature and a change in the precipitation amount and distribution, affect all processes in natural communities. Changes in the ranges of many plants and animal species are observed moving up northwards and up in altitude. The spring phenophases come earlier, the autumn ones come later, the vegetation period lengthens, and the biomass of terrestrial plants increases. Such phenomena, together with changes in climatic parameters, affect herbivorous animals, which include insects with various food specializations and different life cycles. As before, despite the growing number of observations in different parts of the earth, there remains a lot of uncertainty about how individual plant and insect species and their functional groups function under the changing external conditions. It is emphasized that it is necessary to continue long-term studies in specific natural conditions in order to more accurately determine the reaction of the participants in the interactions to local climate changes and understand what the forestry strategy should be in the current and the situation predicted for the future.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070132
Abstract
Under the conditions of climate changing, the biospheric role of forest cover is increasing, as is the relevance of research into the carbon depositing capacity of the world’s forests. These studies include an assessment of the biological productivity of trees and stands, which includes not only phytomass, but also the basic density (BD) of stem wood and bark. In our study, allometric models of the BD of wood and bark of nine forest-forming tree species of Northern Eurasia have been developed, including independent variables such as the tree age and stem diameter, as well as the average temperature of January and average annual precipitation. The structure of a mixed-effects model is applied in which the affiliation of the source data to each of the tree species is encoded by a set of dummy variables. Based on the space-for-time substitution principle, the obtained patterns of BD changes in spatial climatic gradients are used to predict their changes in temporal gradients. The effect of Liebig’s law of limiting factor in predicting BD in spatial and temporal climatic gradients has been confirmed. The revealed patterns of changes in the BD of wood and bark in temperature and precipitation gradients completely repeat the previously established patterns of changes in phytomass and net primary production of trees and stands of Eurasia in the same gradients. This means that the climatic conditionality of the studied indicators of biological productivity has a common nature for both quantitative and qualitative indicators of trees and stands.
{"title":"Density of Tree Wood and Bark in Climatic Gradients of Eurasia","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070132","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Under the conditions of climate changing, the biospheric role of forest cover is increasing, as is the relevance of research into the carbon depositing capacity of the world’s forests. These studies include an assessment of the biological productivity of trees and stands, which includes not only phytomass, but also the basic density (BD) of stem wood and bark. In our study, allometric models of the BD of wood and bark of nine forest-forming tree species of Northern Eurasia have been developed, including independent variables such as the tree age and stem diameter, as well as the average temperature of January and average annual precipitation. The structure of a mixed-effects model is applied in which the affiliation of the source data to each of the tree species is encoded by a set of dummy variables. Based on the space-for-time substitution principle, the obtained patterns of BD changes in spatial climatic gradients are used to predict their changes in temporal gradients. The effect of Liebig’s law of limiting factor in predicting BD in spatial and temporal climatic gradients has been confirmed. The revealed patterns of changes in the BD of wood and bark in temperature and precipitation gradients completely repeat the previously established patterns of changes in phytomass and net primary production of trees and stands of Eurasia in the same gradients. This means that the climatic conditionality of the studied indicators of biological productivity has a common nature for both quantitative and qualitative indicators of trees and stands.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/S1995425523070041
A. V. Ivanov, G. F. Darman, I. D. Solovyov, I. N. Smuskina, S. Bryanin
{"title":"Species Diversity in Larch Forests of Amur Oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)","authors":"A. V. Ivanov, G. F. Darman, I. D. Solovyov, I. N. Smuskina, S. Bryanin","doi":"10.1134/S1995425523070041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523070041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"5 1","pages":"964-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/S1995425523060100
A. Hambuckers
{"title":"A Guided Tour of the Soil Seed Banks","authors":"A. Hambuckers","doi":"10.1134/S1995425523060100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523060100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"31 25","pages":"843 - 855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/S1995425523070077
T. А. Moskalyuk
{"title":"Changes in the Parcel Structure of Liana-Broadleaved Forests in Primorskii Krai over 20 Years","authors":"T. А. Moskalyuk","doi":"10.1134/S1995425523070077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523070077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"2017 7","pages":"972-984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523070107
<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In light of the problem of maintaining the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems in the face of a changing climate, it is especially important to understand the mechanisms for maintaining biodiversity in intact forests that have not been harvested. The aim of this study is the synthesis of comprehensive long-term studies of the structural–functional diversity and dynamics of the Vepssky Forest, a primeval middle taiga woodland. The objectives include an analysis of (1) the natural disturbances regime; (2) the proportion of biogeocenoses (BGC) with various dynamics types associated with different site conditions, as well as windfall gaps; (3) the age structure of the forest massif; (4) the species composition dynamics, growing stock, number of trees, coarse woody debris (CWD), as well as natural regeneration and mortality of forest stands within the forest massif, on the levels of the whole massif and in different BGC types; and (5) the factors that determine the spatiotemporal organization the studied forest massif. Fulfilling these objectives is possible only within the framework of an integrated approach. We used data from aerial photography, inventories on transects, route surveys, mapping of the forest composition and age structure, and sites conditions and soils, as well as regularly established permanent circular sample plots of a fixed radius. The frequency and intensity of winds determines the structural diversity and dynamics of the studied forest massif. In turn, the diversity of the forest massif determines the severity of wind disturbances, as well as the patterns and rate of post-disturbance successional changes. Spruce forests prevailing in well-drained sites are subject to windthrows of medium and high severity—19% of their total area are windfall gaps. The most part of them (43%) has a relatively uneven age structure with a predominance of the 161–200 year old trees. The forest stands, which have an all-aged structure (15%), are confined to poorly drained sites. Mean growing of the forest massif has decreased by 15% (from 321 to 274 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) from 1991 to 2019 as a result of windthrows. The volume of CWD, represented mainly by fallen and leaning logs, averaged 71% of the volume of living trees. Its variations reflected the phases of forest stand dynamics due to wind induced disturbances. The number of BGC in the stabilization phase has decreased, while the proportion of BGC in the digression and growing stock increase phases of dynamics has increased. The “top story” mortality prevails; i.e., mainly larger trees die off. The mean annual mortality at the time of the last inventory was 3.5% of the total growing stock. The spruce share in the forest stands remains quite stable. The results of many years of research in the Vepssky Forest have many practical implications, including the development of optimal scenarios for forest management, as well as for the conservation and/or restorati
{"title":"Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of the Primeval Middle Taiga Forest","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523070107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523070107","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In light of the problem of maintaining the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems in the face of a changing climate, it is especially important to understand the mechanisms for maintaining biodiversity in intact forests that have not been harvested. The aim of this study is the synthesis of comprehensive long-term studies of the structural–functional diversity and dynamics of the Vepssky Forest, a primeval middle taiga woodland. The objectives include an analysis of (1) the natural disturbances regime; (2) the proportion of biogeocenoses (BGC) with various dynamics types associated with different site conditions, as well as windfall gaps; (3) the age structure of the forest massif; (4) the species composition dynamics, growing stock, number of trees, coarse woody debris (CWD), as well as natural regeneration and mortality of forest stands within the forest massif, on the levels of the whole massif and in different BGC types; and (5) the factors that determine the spatiotemporal organization the studied forest massif. Fulfilling these objectives is possible only within the framework of an integrated approach. We used data from aerial photography, inventories on transects, route surveys, mapping of the forest composition and age structure, and sites conditions and soils, as well as regularly established permanent circular sample plots of a fixed radius. The frequency and intensity of winds determines the structural diversity and dynamics of the studied forest massif. In turn, the diversity of the forest massif determines the severity of wind disturbances, as well as the patterns and rate of post-disturbance successional changes. Spruce forests prevailing in well-drained sites are subject to windthrows of medium and high severity—19% of their total area are windfall gaps. The most part of them (43%) has a relatively uneven age structure with a predominance of the 161–200 year old trees. The forest stands, which have an all-aged structure (15%), are confined to poorly drained sites. Mean growing of the forest massif has decreased by 15% (from 321 to 274 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) from 1991 to 2019 as a result of windthrows. The volume of CWD, represented mainly by fallen and leaning logs, averaged 71% of the volume of living trees. Its variations reflected the phases of forest stand dynamics due to wind induced disturbances. The number of BGC in the stabilization phase has decreased, while the proportion of BGC in the digression and growing stock increase phases of dynamics has increased. The “top story” mortality prevails; i.e., mainly larger trees die off. The mean annual mortality at the time of the last inventory was 3.5% of the total growing stock. The spruce share in the forest stands remains quite stable. The results of many years of research in the Vepssky Forest have many practical implications, including the development of optimal scenarios for forest management, as well as for the conservation and/or restorati","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/S1995425523070119
O. A. Sorokina
{"title":"Impact of Artificial Forest Stands on the Biological Activity of Soils in Khakassian Steppes","authors":"O. A. Sorokina","doi":"10.1134/S1995425523070119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523070119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"86 5","pages":"1062-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1134/S1995425523060021
V. Anufriev, P. M. Glazov, E. A. Punantsev, E. Churakova
{"title":"Terrestrial Vertebrates Inhabiting the Northeastern Part of the Kanin Peninsula","authors":"V. Anufriev, P. M. Glazov, E. A. Punantsev, E. Churakova","doi":"10.1134/S1995425523060021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523060021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":" 1098","pages":"726 - 733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523050050
S. R. Kuzmin, N. A. Kuzmina
{"title":"Growth Regularities of Scots Pine Climatypes in the Provenance Trial under Different Soil Conditions","authors":"S. R. Kuzmin, N. A. Kuzmina","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523050050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523050050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1134/s1995425523050104
M. E. Park, O. V. Goryachkina, I. N. Tretyakova, E. N. Muratova
{"title":"Cytogenetic Characteristics of Embryogenic Cell Lines of Different Ages Obtained by Somatic Embryogenesis in Larix sibirica Ledeb.","authors":"M. E. Park, O. V. Goryachkina, I. N. Tretyakova, E. N. Muratova","doi":"10.1134/s1995425523050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523050104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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