Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012005
P. Ifaei, J. K. Park, T. Y. Woo, C. H. Jeong, C. K. Yoo
In pursuit of a sustainable 2030 strategy in the Republic of Korea, this study addresses the oversight in recent optimal renewable energy microgrid designs, which, despite encompassing all feasible renewable sources, neglected the pivotal role of hydrogen as an energy carrier. This research explores the feasibility of reprogramming media platforms to dynamically shape energy consumption during peak intervals. It further proposes the retrofitting of microgrids with industrial hydrogen production and storage facilities, aligning with controlled electricity demand. A comprehensive social survey investigates the impact of media content on energy-conscious behaviour and cooperation, specifically targeting energy savings during peak hours. Utilizing a probabilistic model, the study quantifies responses from the surveyed sample and decomposes the energy demand time series to reveal three new consumption patterns: demand reduction by lowering residential electricity consumption at peak intervals without shifts, intense demand shifting by redistributing electricity consumption from peaks to valleys without human intervention, and moderate demand shifting achieved through cooperation with consumers. With these novel energy demand patterns in hand, the study optimally designs renewable microgrids in 17 sites in South Korea, comparing two strategies: Plan A, involving electrolysis-based hydrogen production and storage tanks, and Plan B, which excludes hydrogen facilities. Comparative results demonstrate that media content contributes to a 10.28% and 16.11% reduction in peak electricity consumption, with and without human intervention, respectively. In Plan B, a demand cut saves 937.3 MWh/yr, resulting in a 12.88% reduction in the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) and a 4.67% reduction in net present costs (NPC) of optimal renewable microgrids in Korea. Conversely, in Plan A, intense demand reduction exhibits superior performance, leading to $981K less NPC, 1,046 MWh/yr less excess electricity, and a 3.76% smaller LCOE. The study recommends the implementation of smart gadgets to control residential electricity consumption, producing industrial hydrogen at Korean sites based on consumer attention and agreement with specific media content. However, it underscores the importance of studying the socio-psychological effects of this plan in future research.
为了实现大韩民国 2030 年可持续发展战略，本研究针对近期可再生能源微电网优化设计中的疏忽之处进行了探讨。尽管这些设计涵盖了所有可行的可再生能源，但却忽视了氢气作为能源载体的关键作用。本研究探讨了重新编程媒体平台的可行性，以动态调整高峰时段的能源消耗。研究还建议在微电网中加装工业制氢和储氢设施，使其与受控的电力需求保持一致。一项全面的社会调查研究了媒体内容对能源意识行为和合作的影响，特别是针对高峰时段的能源节约。利用概率模型，该研究对调查样本的反应进行了量化，并对能源需求时间序列进行了分解，从而揭示了三种新的消费模式：通过在不转移的情况下降低高峰时段的居民用电量来减少需求；通过在不人为干预的情况下将用电量从高峰时段重新分配到低谷时段来实现强烈的需求转移；以及通过与消费者合作来实现适度的需求转移。根据这些新的能源需求模式，该研究对韩国 17 个地点的可再生微电网进行了优化设计，并对两种策略进行了比较：计划 A 涉及电解制氢和储氢罐，计划 B 则不包括制氢设施。比较结果表明，在有人工干预和无人工干预的情况下，媒体内容可使峰值用电量分别减少 10.28% 和 16.11%。在 B 计划中，削减需求每年可节省 937.3 兆瓦时，从而使韩国最佳可再生微电网的平准化电力成本（LCOE）降低了 12.88%，净现值成本（NPC）降低了 4.67%。相反，在 A 计划中，密集减少需求表现出卓越的性能，使净现值成本降低了 98.1 万美元，过剩电量减少了 1,046 兆瓦时/年，平准化电力成本降低了 3.76%。研究建议使用智能小工具来控制住宅用电，根据消费者的关注度和对特定媒体内容的认同度，在韩国生产工业氢气。不过，该研究强调了在未来研究中研究该计划的社会心理影响的重要性。
{"title":"Leveraging media for demand control in an optimal network of renewable microgrids with hydrogen facilities in South Korea","authors":"P. Ifaei, J. K. Park, T. Y. Woo, C. H. Jeong, C. K. Yoo","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In pursuit of a sustainable 2030 strategy in the Republic of Korea, this study addresses the oversight in recent optimal renewable energy microgrid designs, which, despite encompassing all feasible renewable sources, neglected the pivotal role of hydrogen as an energy carrier. This research explores the feasibility of reprogramming media platforms to dynamically shape energy consumption during peak intervals. It further proposes the retrofitting of microgrids with industrial hydrogen production and storage facilities, aligning with controlled electricity demand. A comprehensive social survey investigates the impact of media content on energy-conscious behaviour and cooperation, specifically targeting energy savings during peak hours. Utilizing a probabilistic model, the study quantifies responses from the surveyed sample and decomposes the energy demand time series to reveal three new consumption patterns: demand reduction by lowering residential electricity consumption at peak intervals without shifts, intense demand shifting by redistributing electricity consumption from peaks to valleys without human intervention, and moderate demand shifting achieved through cooperation with consumers. With these novel energy demand patterns in hand, the study optimally designs renewable microgrids in 17 sites in South Korea, comparing two strategies: Plan A, involving electrolysis-based hydrogen production and storage tanks, and Plan B, which excludes hydrogen facilities. Comparative results demonstrate that media content contributes to a 10.28% and 16.11% reduction in peak electricity consumption, with and without human intervention, respectively. In Plan B, a demand cut saves 937.3 MWh/yr, resulting in a 12.88% reduction in the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) and a 4.67% reduction in net present costs (NPC) of optimal renewable microgrids in Korea. Conversely, in Plan A, intense demand reduction exhibits superior performance, leading to $981K less NPC, 1,046 MWh/yr less excess electricity, and a 3.76% smaller LCOE. The study recommends the implementation of smart gadgets to control residential electricity consumption, producing industrial hydrogen at Korean sites based on consumer attention and agreement with specific media content. However, it underscores the importance of studying the socio-psychological effects of this plan in future research.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"20 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012104
Y. N. Yusoff, N. Shaari, M A Mohamed, K. S. Loh, S. K. Kamarudin
Nafion is a commercial polymer membrane that is commonly used in fuel cell systems, despite its major limitations such as high fuel crossover and high manufacture cost. The production of sodium alginate (SA) blended membrane with crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) and plasticizer (glycerol) is one of several current efforts to discover an alternative membrane with improved proton conductivity and mechanical properties. In this study, SA biomembranes were prepared using solution casting method and dried at a certain temperature. Then, the prepared membranes were immersed with 5% glycerol in different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The cross-linked biomembranes underwent various tests such as liquid uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The best membrane achieved the highest proton conductivity with a value of 8.28 mS cm-1 and mechanical stability with a value of 218.00 MPa. Glutaraldehyde made a positive modification and had a beneficial impact on the characteristics of SA. The incorporation of glutaraldehyde and glycerol within the biopolymer notably improved the otherwise lacking mechanical properties of SA.
Nafion 是一种商用聚合物膜，尽管存在燃料交叉率高和制造成本高等主要局限性，但仍被普遍用于燃料电池系统。海藻酸钠（SA）与交联剂（戊二醛）和增塑剂（甘油）的混合膜的生产是目前发现具有更好质子传导性和机械性能的替代膜的几项努力之一。本研究采用溶液浇铸法制备 SA 生物膜，并在一定温度下干燥。然后，将制备好的膜浸入 5%的甘油和不同浓度的戊二醛中。对交联生物膜进行了各种测试，如液体吸收率、膨胀率、离子交换能力、质子传导性和机械稳定性。最佳膜的质子电导率最高，达到 8.28 mS cm-1，机械稳定性最高，达到 218.00 MPa。戊二醛对 SA 具有积极的改性作用，并对其特性产生了有益的影响。在生物聚合物中加入戊二醛和甘油显著改善了 SA 缺乏的机械性能。
{"title":"Enhanced proton conductivity and mechanical stability of crosslinked sodium alginate as a biopolymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cell application","authors":"Y. N. Yusoff, N. Shaari, M A Mohamed, K. S. Loh, S. K. Kamarudin","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nafion is a commercial polymer membrane that is commonly used in fuel cell systems, despite its major limitations such as high fuel crossover and high manufacture cost. The production of sodium alginate (SA) blended membrane with crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) and plasticizer (glycerol) is one of several current efforts to discover an alternative membrane with improved proton conductivity and mechanical properties. In this study, SA biomembranes were prepared using solution casting method and dried at a certain temperature. Then, the prepared membranes were immersed with 5% glycerol in different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The cross-linked biomembranes underwent various tests such as liquid uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The best membrane achieved the highest proton conductivity with a value of 8.28 mS cm-1 and mechanical stability with a value of 218.00 MPa. Glutaraldehyde made a positive modification and had a beneficial impact on the characteristics of SA. The incorporation of glutaraldehyde and glycerol within the biopolymer notably improved the otherwise lacking mechanical properties of SA.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"577 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012069
E. Soh, N. Y. J. Loh, J. H. Teoh, A Jain, H. Le Ferrand
Of all types of ecosystems, cities are the most polluting and this pollution affects more than 50% of the global population. One main cause for this pollution is related to the energy used to heat or cool down buildings. Currently, only 15% of households in Southeast Asia have an air conditioner, but this number is expected to rise, leading to an increase in demand in energy consumption, electricity and CO2 emissions which could further worsen global pollution and climate change. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternative solutions to cool buildings and regulate their temperatures. In this paper, inspiration is taken from elephants who live in very hot climates. Elephants can cool themselves thanks to the wrinkles on their skin that can limit heat gain, dissipate energy by evaporative cooling and store water. To emulate elephants’ cooling, tiles with elephant skin-inspired surface texture are designed. Computational simulations are performed to evaluate the effect of local shading due to the texture. Experimental tiles are produced using a biodegradable and natural material grown by a fungus, Pleurotus Ostreatus. These tiles are mycelium-bound composites (MBCs) where the fungus grew on bamboo microfibers, developing an interconnected web of cells called the mycelium that binds the microfibers together. The thermal properties of the tiles were measured for heating and cooling on the textured and flat side. The results show the tiles have anisotropic properties with a significant improvement by 25% in the cooling of the textured side over the flat side. In simulated rain conditions, the cooling is further improved by 42% as compared to dry conditions. The elephant-mycelium tiles are therefore promising for thermal regulation of building in Southeast Asia environments.
{"title":"Elephant skin-inspired mycelium tiles for thermal regulation of buildings","authors":"E. Soh, N. Y. J. Loh, J. H. Teoh, A Jain, H. Le Ferrand","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Of all types of ecosystems, cities are the most polluting and this pollution affects more than 50% of the global population. One main cause for this pollution is related to the energy used to heat or cool down buildings. Currently, only 15% of households in Southeast Asia have an air conditioner, but this number is expected to rise, leading to an increase in demand in energy consumption, electricity and CO2 emissions which could further worsen global pollution and climate change. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternative solutions to cool buildings and regulate their temperatures. In this paper, inspiration is taken from elephants who live in very hot climates. Elephants can cool themselves thanks to the wrinkles on their skin that can limit heat gain, dissipate energy by evaporative cooling and store water. To emulate elephants’ cooling, tiles with elephant skin-inspired surface texture are designed. Computational simulations are performed to evaluate the effect of local shading due to the texture. Experimental tiles are produced using a biodegradable and natural material grown by a fungus, Pleurotus Ostreatus. These tiles are mycelium-bound composites (MBCs) where the fungus grew on bamboo microfibers, developing an interconnected web of cells called the mycelium that binds the microfibers together. The thermal properties of the tiles were measured for heating and cooling on the textured and flat side. The results show the tiles have anisotropic properties with a significant improvement by 25% in the cooling of the textured side over the flat side. In simulated rain conditions, the cooling is further improved by 42% as compared to dry conditions. The elephant-mycelium tiles are therefore promising for thermal regulation of building in Southeast Asia environments.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"42 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012091
Pri Hermawan, Rafi Ndari Ardianto, Crista Fialdila Suryanto, Aryansyah
Energy transition is an alternative solution that emerged as an effort to achieve zero net emissions. The countries that signed the Paris Agreement are expected to reach their targets by 2030. Indonesia targets this agreement by performing the energy mix set at 25% nationally. Many provinces have difficulties achieving its implementation due to conflicts between related stakeholders, including industry. However, some provinces have shown promising transition changes with accelerated target achievement. This research aims to identify how the government of South Sumatra can reach beyond the National Target by turning the conflict into a collaboration between government and industry. The collaboration impacts accelerating the achievement of the energy mix target. A multi-layered approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the energy transition by demonstrating the energy transition process in Indonesia using Actor Interaction analysis, Dilemma analysis, and System Analysis. Therefore, the bottom-up approach chosen, systematically uncovering actor interactions within and across systems. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The results of the interviews were identified until a series of methods emerged that were used to identify the collaboration that occurred. The analysis found that local governments encounter dilemmatic situations to balance a smooth energy transition process and ensure stable socioeconomic conditions. The system dynamic simulation has proven to be a vital addition to Drama Theory and Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, offering a temporal perspective that is fundamental for the decision-making process that concerns the ever-changing environmental situation.
{"title":"Dynamic interaction in sustainable energy: Learning from South Sumatra in transforming conflict into collaboration to accelerate energy mix targets","authors":"Pri Hermawan, Rafi Ndari Ardianto, Crista Fialdila Suryanto, Aryansyah","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Energy transition is an alternative solution that emerged as an effort to achieve zero net emissions. The countries that signed the Paris Agreement are expected to reach their targets by 2030. Indonesia targets this agreement by performing the energy mix set at 25% nationally. Many provinces have difficulties achieving its implementation due to conflicts between related stakeholders, including industry. However, some provinces have shown promising transition changes with accelerated target achievement. This research aims to identify how the government of South Sumatra can reach beyond the National Target by turning the conflict into a collaboration between government and industry. The collaboration impacts accelerating the achievement of the energy mix target. A multi-layered approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the energy transition by demonstrating the energy transition process in Indonesia using Actor Interaction analysis, Dilemma analysis, and System Analysis. Therefore, the bottom-up approach chosen, systematically uncovering actor interactions within and across systems. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The results of the interviews were identified until a series of methods emerged that were used to identify the collaboration that occurred. The analysis found that local governments encounter dilemmatic situations to balance a smooth energy transition process and ensure stable socioeconomic conditions. The system dynamic simulation has proven to be a vital addition to Drama Theory and Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, offering a temporal perspective that is fundamental for the decision-making process that concerns the ever-changing environmental situation.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012035
M. Y. Ong, N. L. Azmi, S. Nomanbhay
An environmentally friendly method of producing bio-oil through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae has emerged, providing a path toward renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Algae is currently received a lot of interest as biomass feedstock due to its long growing season in warm climate area, does not require arable land, and relatively rapid growing rate. This study aims to optimize the HTL process of macroalgae (Caulerpa lentillifera) for bio-oil production, focusing on optimizing the bio-oil yield based on three parameters (operating temperature, the loading size of catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and algae-to-water ratio) using Box Behnken Design (also generally known as Response Surface Methodology). The results showed that an ideal reaction temperature of 277 °C, a 1:10 algae-to-water ratio, and 0.88 wt% catalyst loading led to an optimal experimental bio-oil yield of 11.65 wt%. Sensitivity study also revealed that the temperature is the second most important component, after the algae-to-water ratio. The difference in the catalyst loading showed low impact on the HTL of algae. Slight improvement to the bio-oil yield under the presence of NaOH is mainly due to the alkali environment provided by NaOH. The FTIR spectrum revealed the existence of various functional groups in the bio-oil. In summary, HTL has been effective in turning Caulerpa lentillifera into useful bio-oil. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of research on algae-based bio-oil production. The results highlighted the potential of HTL as a promising technology for sustainable biofuel production, offering a pathway towards a greener and more energy-efficient future.
{"title":"Optimization of bio-oil production from macroalgae, caulerpa lentillifera via hydrothermal liquefaction","authors":"M. Y. Ong, N. L. Azmi, S. Nomanbhay","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An environmentally friendly method of producing bio-oil through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae has emerged, providing a path toward renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Algae is currently received a lot of interest as biomass feedstock due to its long growing season in warm climate area, does not require arable land, and relatively rapid growing rate. This study aims to optimize the HTL process of macroalgae (Caulerpa lentillifera) for bio-oil production, focusing on optimizing the bio-oil yield based on three parameters (operating temperature, the loading size of catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and algae-to-water ratio) using Box Behnken Design (also generally known as Response Surface Methodology). The results showed that an ideal reaction temperature of 277 °C, a 1:10 algae-to-water ratio, and 0.88 wt% catalyst loading led to an optimal experimental bio-oil yield of 11.65 wt%. Sensitivity study also revealed that the temperature is the second most important component, after the algae-to-water ratio. The difference in the catalyst loading showed low impact on the HTL of algae. Slight improvement to the bio-oil yield under the presence of NaOH is mainly due to the alkali environment provided by NaOH. The FTIR spectrum revealed the existence of various functional groups in the bio-oil. In summary, HTL has been effective in turning Caulerpa lentillifera into useful bio-oil. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of research on algae-based bio-oil production. The results highlighted the potential of HTL as a promising technology for sustainable biofuel production, offering a pathway towards a greener and more energy-efficient future.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2008 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012020
S S Du, Y Cui, Q H Sun, Y. Deng, X W Zhang
The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system has gained widespread popularity for its provision of efficient and environmentally sustainable cooling and heating solutions for buildings. While the performance of GSHP systems has raised significant concerns, research predominantly focuses on residential and office buildings, leaving a gap in understanding their applicability in industrial settings with constant temperature and humidity air conditioning needs. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the performance of a hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) system implemented within a cigarette factory located in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) of China. Through a comprehensive analysis of operational data and long-term monitoring under three cooling conditions, essential parameters including water temperature characteristics, indoor temperature and humidity, system efficiency, power consumption, and soil temperature distribution were examined. The findings revealed that the weighted average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pumps (COPhp) and the whole system (COPsys) was decreased from 5.05 to 4.32 and 3.32 to 2.89, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between low cooling load high energy consumption, and low COP. The inlet temperature of the condenser exhibited a declining trend, which was attributed to the intermittent operation of condensation heat recovery. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of indoor temperature and humidity distribution within the controlled room was presented and found that almost all the rooms serviced by this system meet the specified design requirements. This research contributes to an enhanced understanding of the viability of HGSHP systems in industrial settings and provides valuable references for improving their energy efficiency and overall performance.
{"title":"Performance analysis of ground source heat pump systems for constant temperature and humidity air conditioning in industrial buildings: a case study","authors":"S S Du, Y Cui, Q H Sun, Y. Deng, X W Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system has gained widespread popularity for its provision of efficient and environmentally sustainable cooling and heating solutions for buildings. While the performance of GSHP systems has raised significant concerns, research predominantly focuses on residential and office buildings, leaving a gap in understanding their applicability in industrial settings with constant temperature and humidity air conditioning needs. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the performance of a hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) system implemented within a cigarette factory located in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) of China. Through a comprehensive analysis of operational data and long-term monitoring under three cooling conditions, essential parameters including water temperature characteristics, indoor temperature and humidity, system efficiency, power consumption, and soil temperature distribution were examined. The findings revealed that the weighted average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pumps (COPhp) and the whole system (COPsys) was decreased from 5.05 to 4.32 and 3.32 to 2.89, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between low cooling load high energy consumption, and low COP. The inlet temperature of the condenser exhibited a declining trend, which was attributed to the intermittent operation of condensation heat recovery. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of indoor temperature and humidity distribution within the controlled room was presented and found that almost all the rooms serviced by this system meet the specified design requirements. This research contributes to an enhanced understanding of the viability of HGSHP systems in industrial settings and provides valuable references for improving their energy efficiency and overall performance.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012011
Fabian Sarmiento-Ortiz, Blanca Topón-Visarrea, Christian Iza, Joel Morales, Vecquer León
Manual handling of loads in work environments poses significant ergonomic risks, leading to musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. To address this, mechanical solutions are essential to optimize processes and ensure employees’ health and well-being. In this study utilized four methodologies: the Ergonomic Checklist, NIOSH Equation, Snook and Cirello Tables, and the INSHT Technical Guide. These tools evaluated the physical load and risks of manual lifting. Concurrently, a load lifter was developed, utilizing a tractor system powered by an electric motor and a chain hoist, all automated by a PLC. The evaluations highlighted the high risks of manual load handling. After implementation it reduced unacceptable risk to acceptable as well as the distance workers needed to manually move loads was reduced from 8 meters to 2 meters with the automatic lift, a 75% decrease and increasing process efficiency. The designed hoist has a 500 kg capacity, streamlining the product reception and storage process. The introduction of the freight elevator, as an ergonomic solution, is pivotal in reducing workplace risks and enhancing safety and efficiency. This research underscores the need to embrace advanced technologies to tackle ergonomic issues in work settings.
{"title":"Design of a load elevator as a measure to reduce ergonomic risks","authors":"Fabian Sarmiento-Ortiz, Blanca Topón-Visarrea, Christian Iza, Joel Morales, Vecquer León","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Manual handling of loads in work environments poses significant ergonomic risks, leading to musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. To address this, mechanical solutions are essential to optimize processes and ensure employees’ health and well-being. In this study utilized four methodologies: the Ergonomic Checklist, NIOSH Equation, Snook and Cirello Tables, and the INSHT Technical Guide. These tools evaluated the physical load and risks of manual lifting. Concurrently, a load lifter was developed, utilizing a tractor system powered by an electric motor and a chain hoist, all automated by a PLC. The evaluations highlighted the high risks of manual load handling. After implementation it reduced unacceptable risk to acceptable as well as the distance workers needed to manually move loads was reduced from 8 meters to 2 meters with the automatic lift, a 75% decrease and increasing process efficiency. The designed hoist has a 500 kg capacity, streamlining the product reception and storage process. The introduction of the freight elevator, as an ergonomic solution, is pivotal in reducing workplace risks and enhancing safety and efficiency. This research underscores the need to embrace advanced technologies to tackle ergonomic issues in work settings.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"62 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012049
P. Barman, B Singh
The rapid development in the economy has led to a growing need for electricity and automobiles, leading to the production of large quantities of fly ash (FA) and discarded tires. The safe disposal of these materials has become a significant problem. FA and scrap tyre derived material has some useful properties which can be beneficially used for enhancing the engineering properties of soil. Therefore, the study investigates the combined impact of FA and scrap tire-derived material on the stress-strain-strength behaviour of a fine-grained residual lateritic soil, incorporating a cementing agent. The research involves compaction tests followed by triaxial compression tests, where FA content added at an increment of 15% starting from 20% by weight of soil. The maximum FA content used in the mix is 50% by weight of soil. Tyre crumb (TC) which is a scrap tire-derived material, is also included in the study, with TC content ranging from 5% to 10% by weight. Additionally, 2% by weight of cement is added to each soil mix as a binding agent. Specimens are compacted in accordance with specific compaction parameters and subsequently cured for duration of up to 28 days. Strength tests are then carried out on those specimens to analyse their strength behaviour. This research primarily examines the shear strength characteristics of soil blended with FA, cement, and TC, emphasizing their geotechnical performance. Addition of 5% TC increases the peak deviator stress of cemented mix having 50% FA content from 1351 kPa to 2710 kPa at 300 kPa confining pressure and 28 days curing period. The inclusion of TC to soil-FA-cement blends is noted to significantly enhance shear strength when compared to mixes without tire crumb. Also, the stress-strain behaviour of soil is significantly influenced by addition of FA and cement in the presence of TC. Therefore, there is an ample scope of utilization of soil-fly ash-cement-TC mixes in geotechnical applications.
{"title":"Strength behaviour of soil blended with two waste materials-fly ash and tire crumbs with cement","authors":"P. Barman, B Singh","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rapid development in the economy has led to a growing need for electricity and automobiles, leading to the production of large quantities of fly ash (FA) and discarded tires. The safe disposal of these materials has become a significant problem. FA and scrap tyre derived material has some useful properties which can be beneficially used for enhancing the engineering properties of soil. Therefore, the study investigates the combined impact of FA and scrap tire-derived material on the stress-strain-strength behaviour of a fine-grained residual lateritic soil, incorporating a cementing agent. The research involves compaction tests followed by triaxial compression tests, where FA content added at an increment of 15% starting from 20% by weight of soil. The maximum FA content used in the mix is 50% by weight of soil. Tyre crumb (TC) which is a scrap tire-derived material, is also included in the study, with TC content ranging from 5% to 10% by weight. Additionally, 2% by weight of cement is added to each soil mix as a binding agent. Specimens are compacted in accordance with specific compaction parameters and subsequently cured for duration of up to 28 days. Strength tests are then carried out on those specimens to analyse their strength behaviour. This research primarily examines the shear strength characteristics of soil blended with FA, cement, and TC, emphasizing their geotechnical performance. Addition of 5% TC increases the peak deviator stress of cemented mix having 50% FA content from 1351 kPa to 2710 kPa at 300 kPa confining pressure and 28 days curing period. The inclusion of TC to soil-FA-cement blends is noted to significantly enhance shear strength when compared to mixes without tire crumb. Also, the stress-strain behaviour of soil is significantly influenced by addition of FA and cement in the presence of TC. Therefore, there is an ample scope of utilization of soil-fly ash-cement-TC mixes in geotechnical applications.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"81 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012046
J. Milano, S. K. Tiong, A. S. Silitonga, S. R. Chia, M. Y. Ong, F. Kusumo, A. Sebayang, T. Yusof, M. A. Kalam
The continuous expending of the economy and population in modern society has caused an increase in energy usage. Currently, fossil fuels and renewable energy are used to generate energy, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. A significant effort has been made globally to address the issue of rising emissions by boosting the usage of renewable energy. In comparison to fossil fuels, biodiesel has many benefits, including the ability to be produced from a wide range of feedstocks, the ability to be renewable, and the reduction of atmospheric pollution emissions. Besides, advanced technologies can help the biodiesel sector meet the energy demand while producing high-quality biodiesel. The Ceiba pentandra was used for biodiesel production using ultrasound-infrared applications in the present research work. The study aims to produce biodiesel for a better conversion rate and improve fuel properties. Comparisons were conducted using a combination of infrared ultrasound versus ultrasound irradiation. The results show that ultrasound produced the highest yield of 98.76% when the conditions were as follows: methanol/oil ratio: 60%, KOH: 1%, reaction time: 50 minutes. Yet, the addition of infrared on ultrasound has also produced a high conversion yield in a shorter time than ultrasound. A 98.42% biodiesel yield option when using infrared-ultrasound irradiation with conditions as follows: methanol/oil ratio: 60%, KOH: 1%, reaction time: 30 minutes. As both applications were examined, the ultrasound-infrared application was preferable in saving time and energy constraints for biodiesel production. The fuel properties were found to be equivalent to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards.
{"title":"Synthesis of Ceiba pentandra biodiesel using ultrasound and infrared radiation: Comparison and fuel characterisation.","authors":"J. Milano, S. K. Tiong, A. S. Silitonga, S. R. Chia, M. Y. Ong, F. Kusumo, A. Sebayang, T. Yusof, M. A. Kalam","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The continuous expending of the economy and population in modern society has caused an increase in energy usage. Currently, fossil fuels and renewable energy are used to generate energy, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. A significant effort has been made globally to address the issue of rising emissions by boosting the usage of renewable energy. In comparison to fossil fuels, biodiesel has many benefits, including the ability to be produced from a wide range of feedstocks, the ability to be renewable, and the reduction of atmospheric pollution emissions. Besides, advanced technologies can help the biodiesel sector meet the energy demand while producing high-quality biodiesel. The Ceiba pentandra was used for biodiesel production using ultrasound-infrared applications in the present research work. The study aims to produce biodiesel for a better conversion rate and improve fuel properties. Comparisons were conducted using a combination of infrared ultrasound versus ultrasound irradiation. The results show that ultrasound produced the highest yield of 98.76% when the conditions were as follows: methanol/oil ratio: 60%, KOH: 1%, reaction time: 50 minutes. Yet, the addition of infrared on ultrasound has also produced a high conversion yield in a shorter time than ultrasound. A 98.42% biodiesel yield option when using infrared-ultrasound irradiation with conditions as follows: methanol/oil ratio: 60%, KOH: 1%, reaction time: 30 minutes. As both applications were examined, the ultrasound-infrared application was preferable in saving time and energy constraints for biodiesel production. The fuel properties were found to be equivalent to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012058
P. Sriphirom, B. Rossopa
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management is being promoted to replace continuous flooding (CF) water regime in rice cultivation for agricultural countries, including Thailand, to achieve the net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cope with drought. However, its adoption in different areas yielding variable results that requires the careful approaches to prevent negative impacts on rice yield, particularly the aroma of fragrant rice, along with mitigating GHG emissions, mainly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). This study aims to assess the impacts of AWD on CH4 and N2O emissions, productivity, water use, and soil characteristics of fragrant rice cultivation in Thailand. Khao Dawk Mali (KDML) 105 cultivar was cultivated in the wet season and Pathum Thani (PTT) 1 cultivar was planted in the dry season under CF and AWD at different dry levels of 10 cm (AWD10), 15 cm (AWD15), and 20 cm (AWD20) below the soil surface. The emissions of GHG and water use were measured throughout the study period using closed-chamber technique and water meter equipment, respectively. Rice yields and soil properties were analyzed after crop harvesting. The results showed that rice cultivation under AWD in both wet and dry seasons reduced CH4 emissions (18.4%–27.6%) but stimulated N2O emissions (11.8%–15.0%). However, its global warming potential (GWP) was lower than CF, lowered by an average of 17.7%, 26.8%, and 25.5% under the AWD10, AWD15, and AWD20, respectively. Relative to CF, unsuccessful AWD in the wet season did not change rice yield quantity and aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: 2AP) of KDML 105. Conversely, successful AWD10 and AWD15 in the dry season promoted rice grain yield and 2AP (0.27–0.33 ppm) of PTT1, while AWD20 did not alter rice yield amount but increased rice aroma (0.47 ppm). AWD can save irrigation water in the range of 12.8%–23.0% and 15.5%–18.7% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. AWD water regime did not importantly change the soil characteristics after crop harvest. This study concludes that AWD, especially AWD15 and AWD20, has the potential to reduce GHG emissions without affecting the quantity and quality of rice yield, along with saving water.
{"title":"Greenhouse gas mitigation and yield production of Thai fragrant rice cultivation under alternate wetting and drying water management","authors":"P. Sriphirom, B. Rossopa","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management is being promoted to replace continuous flooding (CF) water regime in rice cultivation for agricultural countries, including Thailand, to achieve the net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cope with drought. However, its adoption in different areas yielding variable results that requires the careful approaches to prevent negative impacts on rice yield, particularly the aroma of fragrant rice, along with mitigating GHG emissions, mainly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). This study aims to assess the impacts of AWD on CH4 and N2O emissions, productivity, water use, and soil characteristics of fragrant rice cultivation in Thailand. Khao Dawk Mali (KDML) 105 cultivar was cultivated in the wet season and Pathum Thani (PTT) 1 cultivar was planted in the dry season under CF and AWD at different dry levels of 10 cm (AWD10), 15 cm (AWD15), and 20 cm (AWD20) below the soil surface. The emissions of GHG and water use were measured throughout the study period using closed-chamber technique and water meter equipment, respectively. Rice yields and soil properties were analyzed after crop harvesting. The results showed that rice cultivation under AWD in both wet and dry seasons reduced CH4 emissions (18.4%–27.6%) but stimulated N2O emissions (11.8%–15.0%). However, its global warming potential (GWP) was lower than CF, lowered by an average of 17.7%, 26.8%, and 25.5% under the AWD10, AWD15, and AWD20, respectively. Relative to CF, unsuccessful AWD in the wet season did not change rice yield quantity and aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: 2AP) of KDML 105. Conversely, successful AWD10 and AWD15 in the dry season promoted rice grain yield and 2AP (0.27–0.33 ppm) of PTT1, while AWD20 did not alter rice yield amount but increased rice aroma (0.47 ppm). AWD can save irrigation water in the range of 12.8%–23.0% and 15.5%–18.7% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. AWD water regime did not importantly change the soil characteristics after crop harvest. This study concludes that AWD, especially AWD15 and AWD20, has the potential to reduce GHG emissions without affecting the quantity and quality of rice yield, along with saving water.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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