Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012002
Yuki Kameya, Ryosuke Hasegawa, Tatsuya Osawa
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier as no carbon dioxide is emitted during its use in fuel cells or combustion. Solar photoelectrochemical water splitting is a potential process for producing renewable hydrogen. Herein, energy transport phenomena are addressed for the future design of large-scale reactors. First, we show that the thickness of the aqueous electrolyte layer is an essential factor for utilizing the full spectrum of solar radiation. The transport of solar irradiation through the aqueous electrolyte is theoretically analysed. Next, based on the measurement of light transmission through hydrogen bubbles generated from a hydrogen evolving electrode, the energy loss caused by the bubbles covering a photoelectrode is discussed. The bubble size distributions at practical current densities are also presented. Then, a bubble flow guide for controlling the stream of bubbles in a thin electrolyte layer is proposed. A design strategy and experimental results verifying the performance of the bubble flow guide are presented. We demonstrate that surface wettability and inclination angle are important for designing an effective bubble flow guide. We examine the surface wettability control using hydrophilic coatings in detail. Changes in the water contact angles as well as bubble adhesion forces on the coated surfaces are demonstrated. In addition, the current experimental method can be used to identify essential issues in photoelectrochemical processes. Because bubble trapping and growth in a flow guide are reflected in the electrode potential variation, the discussion of electrode potential variation would be useful for further developing bubble flow guides. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for developing and designing solar photoelectrochemical reactors.
{"title":"Surface wettability control of bubble flow guide for a thin aqueous electrolyte layer of solar photoelectrochemical reactors","authors":"Yuki Kameya, Ryosuke Hasegawa, Tatsuya Osawa","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier as no carbon dioxide is emitted during its use in fuel cells or combustion. Solar photoelectrochemical water splitting is a potential process for producing renewable hydrogen. Herein, energy transport phenomena are addressed for the future design of large-scale reactors. First, we show that the thickness of the aqueous electrolyte layer is an essential factor for utilizing the full spectrum of solar radiation. The transport of solar irradiation through the aqueous electrolyte is theoretically analysed. Next, based on the measurement of light transmission through hydrogen bubbles generated from a hydrogen evolving electrode, the energy loss caused by the bubbles covering a photoelectrode is discussed. The bubble size distributions at practical current densities are also presented. Then, a bubble flow guide for controlling the stream of bubbles in a thin electrolyte layer is proposed. A design strategy and experimental results verifying the performance of the bubble flow guide are presented. We demonstrate that surface wettability and inclination angle are important for designing an effective bubble flow guide. We examine the surface wettability control using hydrophilic coatings in detail. Changes in the water contact angles as well as bubble adhesion forces on the coated surfaces are demonstrated. In addition, the current experimental method can be used to identify essential issues in photoelectrochemical processes. Because bubble trapping and growth in a flow guide are reflected in the electrode potential variation, the discussion of electrode potential variation would be useful for further developing bubble flow guides. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for developing and designing solar photoelectrochemical reactors.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"42 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012041
S. Shukri, D. M. Jayasena
The effective practice of waste separation at the source is crucial for achieving sustainable development and promoting the reduce, reuse, and recycle concept. This practice should be adopted by both households and business organisations. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the intention of waste separation at the household level in Sri Lanka. For this purpose, a random selection of 388 households representing the entire country was undertaken. Independent variables, including attitude, perceived cost benefits, moral norms, inconvenience, and rules and regulations, were examined in relation to their impact on the dependent variable, which was the intention of waste separation. A 5-point Likert scale questiommaire was utilised to assess each of these variables. The methodology employed in this study included principal component analysis, factor analysis, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to establish the underlying model. The results of the analysis revealed the significance of attitude, perceived cost benefits, and moral norms at a 5% significance level. Interestingly, although inconvenience exhibited a negative influence on intention, its significance was not established. Furthermore, while existing literature commonly attributed local government rules and regulations as a significant factor, the model indicated a positive and insignificant relationship. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of positive attitudes, perceived benefits in terms of cost, and adherence to moral norms in fostering the intention for waste separation. Despite the negative impact of inconvenience not reaching statistical significance, it remains a noteworthy consideration. Additionally, the unexpected positive and insignificant relationship with local government rules and regulations prompts further exploration.
{"title":"Waste separation intention of households in Sri Lanka","authors":"S. Shukri, D. M. Jayasena","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The effective practice of waste separation at the source is crucial for achieving sustainable development and promoting the reduce, reuse, and recycle concept. This practice should be adopted by both households and business organisations. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the intention of waste separation at the household level in Sri Lanka. For this purpose, a random selection of 388 households representing the entire country was undertaken. Independent variables, including attitude, perceived cost benefits, moral norms, inconvenience, and rules and regulations, were examined in relation to their impact on the dependent variable, which was the intention of waste separation. A 5-point Likert scale questiommaire was utilised to assess each of these variables. The methodology employed in this study included principal component analysis, factor analysis, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to establish the underlying model. The results of the analysis revealed the significance of attitude, perceived cost benefits, and moral norms at a 5% significance level. Interestingly, although inconvenience exhibited a negative influence on intention, its significance was not established. Furthermore, while existing literature commonly attributed local government rules and regulations as a significant factor, the model indicated a positive and insignificant relationship. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of positive attitudes, perceived benefits in terms of cost, and adherence to moral norms in fostering the intention for waste separation. Despite the negative impact of inconvenience not reaching statistical significance, it remains a noteworthy consideration. Additionally, the unexpected positive and insignificant relationship with local government rules and regulations prompts further exploration.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012022
A. D. Kamble, D. Das, P. Kalita
Renewable energy power generation is extensively promoting for the global objective of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy leads all renewables due to its ubiquitous nature which can be harvested by solar thermal and solar photovoltaic devices. Solar PV is used widely because of its flexibility in working with both direct and diffuse radiation. However, PV systems experience efficiency loss for every degree rise of solar cell temperature above room temperature. Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors are proposed for co-generation of electrical and thermal energy by utilizing excess heat generated in the PV layer. The low heat transfer rate, energy-intensive nature, and freezing of working fluid in colder regions are some problems that persist in water- and air-based PV/Ts, leading us to consider alternatives. Thus, the present study addresses the current opportunities by utilizing heat pipes as PV/T absorbers. Heat pipe PVT is a passive system which operates in phase transition facilitating a tremendous amount of heat transfer enhancement. To enhance the efficiency of PV/T systems, the integration of advanced technologies, like heat pipe thermal absorbers, becomes imperative. Incorporating cutting-edge solutions, such as heat pipe thermal absorbers, is essential to optimize the performance of PV/T systems. Hence, the current study provides insight into heat pipe design through a case study on the application of heat pipes as thermal absorbers for photovoltaic systems. The existing absorbers with fluid flow configurations like Raster, Spiral or Rectangular spiral, etc. used in PV/T are considered as reference. Copper as tube material and water as working fluid are found to be compatible with each other for the proposed heat pipe. The maximum heat input of 0.55kW is computed by the inadequacy of the mentioned existing PVTs to extract the maximum available heat from the PV surface. Additionally, an analytical approach used to define the optimum size of the system and calculation of minimum requirement of tubes. The optimized design of copper heat pipes was found to be ½ inch in diameter and at least ten heat pipes were required to transfer a computed heat flux of 466kW/m 2 per pipe to outperform the existing PV/Ts.
{"title":"Designing an absorber for solar photovoltaic thermal systems: a heat pipe approach and comparative evaluation","authors":"A. D. Kamble, D. Das, P. Kalita","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Renewable energy power generation is extensively promoting for the global objective of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy leads all renewables due to its ubiquitous nature which can be harvested by solar thermal and solar photovoltaic devices. Solar PV is used widely because of its flexibility in working with both direct and diffuse radiation. However, PV systems experience efficiency loss for every degree rise of solar cell temperature above room temperature. Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors are proposed for co-generation of electrical and thermal energy by utilizing excess heat generated in the PV layer. The low heat transfer rate, energy-intensive nature, and freezing of working fluid in colder regions are some problems that persist in water- and air-based PV/Ts, leading us to consider alternatives. Thus, the present study addresses the current opportunities by utilizing heat pipes as PV/T absorbers. Heat pipe PVT is a passive system which operates in phase transition facilitating a tremendous amount of heat transfer enhancement. To enhance the efficiency of PV/T systems, the integration of advanced technologies, like heat pipe thermal absorbers, becomes imperative. Incorporating cutting-edge solutions, such as heat pipe thermal absorbers, is essential to optimize the performance of PV/T systems. Hence, the current study provides insight into heat pipe design through a case study on the application of heat pipes as thermal absorbers for photovoltaic systems. The existing absorbers with fluid flow configurations like Raster, Spiral or Rectangular spiral, etc. used in PV/T are considered as reference. Copper as tube material and water as working fluid are found to be compatible with each other for the proposed heat pipe. The maximum heat input of 0.55kW is computed by the inadequacy of the mentioned existing PVTs to extract the maximum available heat from the PV surface. Additionally, an analytical approach used to define the optimum size of the system and calculation of minimum requirement of tubes. The optimized design of copper heat pipes was found to be ½ inch in diameter and at least ten heat pipes were required to transfer a computed heat flux of 466kW/m\u0000 2 per pipe to outperform the existing PV/Ts.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012007
K. A. Paz, A. R. Villagracia, M. Y. David
The emergence of 2-D materials such as graphene has caught the attention of the scientific community. 2-D materials have a higher surface area per unit mass, which is ideal for electrodes. Another popular material among researchers is the monolayer palladium diselenide or PdSe2, a semiconductor with a tunable bandgap energy. Since there are fewer states in the fermi level of PdSe2, the quantization effect is more prevalent, hence, it would most likely draw its capacitance from its electronic configuration. In this study, the electronic properties such as band structure, density of states, and quantum capacitance of pristine monolayer PdSe2, PdSe2 with Se, and Pd vacancy were calculated based on density functional theory via Quantum Espresso. The formation energies of all systems were energetically favourable. The system with Se vacancy has the highest formation energy with a value of -3.47 eV. The density of states of all systems were observed to have a local minima at the fermi level. More occupiable states around the valence band were observed for the systems with vacancy. Bader charge analysis showed a notable decrease of charge in Se atoms near the Pd vacancy, while the Pd atoms in the Se vacated system showed stronger charge transfer between Pd and another Se atom. The quantum capacitance and surface charge values were calculated using the density of states. Higher surface charge values at the negative voltage were observed for the systems with induced vacancies. Based on the results, the systems with vacancies have improved the quantum capacitance and surface charge at the negative potential.
石墨烯等二维材料的出现引起了科学界的关注。二维材料单位质量的表面积更大，是理想的电极材料。另一种受研究人员欢迎的材料是单层二硒化钯或 PdSe2，这是一种带隙能量可调的半导体。由于 PdSe2 的费米级状态较少，量子化效应更为普遍，因此它的电容很可能来自其电子构型。本研究基于密度泛函理论，通过量子 Espresso 计算了原始单层 PdSe2、含 Se 的 PdSe2 和 Pd 空位的电子特性，如带状结构、状态密度和量子电容。所有体系的形成能都是有利的。含 Se 空位的体系的形成能最高，为 -3.47 eV。据观察，所有体系的状态密度在费米级都有局部极小值。观察到存在空位的体系在价带附近有更多的可占据态。巴德尔电荷分析表明，钯空位附近的硒原子电荷明显减少，而硒空位体系中的钯原子与另一个硒原子之间的电荷转移更强。量子电容和表面电荷值是通过状态密度计算得出的。在具有诱导空位的体系中，负电压下的表面电荷值较高。根据这些结果，具有空位的体系在负电位时的量子电容和表面电荷都有所提高。
{"title":"First-principles calculation of monolayer PdSe2 with Se and Pd vacancy and its effect on quantum capacitance","authors":"K. A. Paz, A. R. Villagracia, M. Y. David","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The emergence of 2-D materials such as graphene has caught the attention of the scientific community. 2-D materials have a higher surface area per unit mass, which is ideal for electrodes. Another popular material among researchers is the monolayer palladium diselenide or PdSe2, a semiconductor with a tunable bandgap energy. Since there are fewer states in the fermi level of PdSe2, the quantization effect is more prevalent, hence, it would most likely draw its capacitance from its electronic configuration. In this study, the electronic properties such as band structure, density of states, and quantum capacitance of pristine monolayer PdSe2, PdSe2 with Se, and Pd vacancy were calculated based on density functional theory via Quantum Espresso. The formation energies of all systems were energetically favourable. The system with Se vacancy has the highest formation energy with a value of -3.47 eV. The density of states of all systems were observed to have a local minima at the fermi level. More occupiable states around the valence band were observed for the systems with vacancy. Bader charge analysis showed a notable decrease of charge in Se atoms near the Pd vacancy, while the Pd atoms in the Se vacated system showed stronger charge transfer between Pd and another Se atom. The quantum capacitance and surface charge values were calculated using the density of states. Higher surface charge values at the negative voltage were observed for the systems with induced vacancies. Based on the results, the systems with vacancies have improved the quantum capacitance and surface charge at the negative potential.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2008 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012077
K. M. Francisco, S. T. Allam, A. K. Caldona, M. D. De Jesus, N. Lubaton, S. Sandoval, I. Baylon, C. Tugade
Wearing sunscreen products protects human skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract as additional raw materials in creating a sunscreen formula. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of the sunscreen formulation in terms of determining its sun protection factor using UV-vis spectrophotometry, ability to remain on the surface using water resistance testing, and shelf life using a stability chamber. The methodology begins with obtaining a modified hydrophobic silica aerogel classified as cosmetic grade. The sunscreen formulation has a combination of 2 wt. % of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 3 wt.% of grape seed oil, and other ingredients using thermal procedures. The results demonstrated that the addition of hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in sunscreen formulation exhibits satisfactory UV protection attaining an SPF value of 28.17073 which indicates a medium sun protection factor according to the standardized category of SPF values. On the contrary, the sunscreen without the active ingredients has an SPF value of 4.762. Additionally, both sunscreen’s water resistance was assessed by testing a total of 60 minutes in both tap water and salt water. The findings showed that both samples of sunscreens in tap water were more resistant compared to saltwater. Furthermore, the sunscreen with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract stayed intact and did not dissolve in tap water after a 40-minute exposure time, but it did gradually disintegrate after 20 minutes in salt water since salt water has a higher density than tap water. In stability testing of both sunscreen formulations, the results revealed that the moisture content of the sunscreen formulation with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract does not exceed 10% which indicates a low presence of oil. Hence, it proves its stability under the controlled conditions of 40°C and 75% relative humidity examined over one (1) month since it had a high moisture content of 78.98% obtained using the gravimetric method. For the sunscreen without these ingredients, the total moisture content under the same conditions and method is 29.07%. Thus, it indicates a high presence of oil and does not attain the standard moisture content for sunscreens. Overall, the evaluated performance of adding the hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract to the sunscreen formulation ensures its efficacy regarding its SPF, water resistance, and shelf life.
{"title":"Effectiveness of using hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in creating a sunscreen formula","authors":"K. M. Francisco, S. T. Allam, A. K. Caldona, M. D. De Jesus, N. Lubaton, S. Sandoval, I. Baylon, C. Tugade","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wearing sunscreen products protects human skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract as additional raw materials in creating a sunscreen formula. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of the sunscreen formulation in terms of determining its sun protection factor using UV-vis spectrophotometry, ability to remain on the surface using water resistance testing, and shelf life using a stability chamber. The methodology begins with obtaining a modified hydrophobic silica aerogel classified as cosmetic grade. The sunscreen formulation has a combination of 2 wt. % of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 3 wt.% of grape seed oil, and other ingredients using thermal procedures. The results demonstrated that the addition of hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in sunscreen formulation exhibits satisfactory UV protection attaining an SPF value of 28.17073 which indicates a medium sun protection factor according to the standardized category of SPF values. On the contrary, the sunscreen without the active ingredients has an SPF value of 4.762. Additionally, both sunscreen’s water resistance was assessed by testing a total of 60 minutes in both tap water and salt water. The findings showed that both samples of sunscreens in tap water were more resistant compared to saltwater. Furthermore, the sunscreen with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract stayed intact and did not dissolve in tap water after a 40-minute exposure time, but it did gradually disintegrate after 20 minutes in salt water since salt water has a higher density than tap water. In stability testing of both sunscreen formulations, the results revealed that the moisture content of the sunscreen formulation with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract does not exceed 10% which indicates a low presence of oil. Hence, it proves its stability under the controlled conditions of 40°C and 75% relative humidity examined over one (1) month since it had a high moisture content of 78.98% obtained using the gravimetric method. For the sunscreen without these ingredients, the total moisture content under the same conditions and method is 29.07%. Thus, it indicates a high presence of oil and does not attain the standard moisture content for sunscreens. Overall, the evaluated performance of adding the hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract to the sunscreen formulation ensures its efficacy regarding its SPF, water resistance, and shelf life.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012026
K. D. Cruz, S. L. A. Camacho, H. M. P. Rodenas
The presence of non-biodegradable dyes, such as Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Reactive Blue 19), in wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge. This study investigates the application of electrocoagulation using iron-aluminum (Fe-Al) electrodes to efficiently remove Reactive Blue 19 dye from simulated textile dye wastewater. It considers various parameters such as electrode material, current, stirring speed, as well as the influence of sodium chloride acting as a supporting electrolyte to enhance conductivity. Additionally, it evaluates the economic feasibility through electrode consumption analysis. The experimental setup involved a designed reactor with aluminum and iron electrodes arranged at bipolar parallel connection, along with a 30-minute electrocoagulation process conducted at ambient temperature and subsequent filtration of the treated wastewater for UV-VIS analysis. The optimal parameter combination obtained consists of Fe-Al electrode material, a 3 A current, and a 200-rpm stirring speed, achieving 96.87% dye removal. Furthermore, extending the operating time to 60 minutes improved the removal by 99.15%. Under these optimal conditions, the energy consumption measured was 36 kWh/m3. The high dye removal rate obtained shows the effectiveness of this electrocoagulation process in treating Reactive Blue 19 simulated wastewater. A t-test, employed as a hypothesis testing technique with a significance level of 0.05, confirmed the optimal levels of the factors and interactions within the treatment process. A remarkable coefficient of determination of 0.9794 in the dye removal sensitivity analysis signifies a strong goodness of fit, indicating that these three (3) parameters collectively explain how they affect the outcome while accounting for dye removal efficiency variation. These results showed that electrocoagulation is a promising technology for treatment of Reactive Blue 19 dye wastewater.
{"title":"Electrocoagulation treatment for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Reactive Blue 19) removal of textile dye simulated wastewater using iron-aluminum electrodes","authors":"K. D. Cruz, S. L. A. Camacho, H. M. P. Rodenas","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The presence of non-biodegradable dyes, such as Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Reactive Blue 19), in wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge. This study investigates the application of electrocoagulation using iron-aluminum (Fe-Al) electrodes to efficiently remove Reactive Blue 19 dye from simulated textile dye wastewater. It considers various parameters such as electrode material, current, stirring speed, as well as the influence of sodium chloride acting as a supporting electrolyte to enhance conductivity. Additionally, it evaluates the economic feasibility through electrode consumption analysis. The experimental setup involved a designed reactor with aluminum and iron electrodes arranged at bipolar parallel connection, along with a 30-minute electrocoagulation process conducted at ambient temperature and subsequent filtration of the treated wastewater for UV-VIS analysis. The optimal parameter combination obtained consists of Fe-Al electrode material, a 3 A current, and a 200-rpm stirring speed, achieving 96.87% dye removal. Furthermore, extending the operating time to 60 minutes improved the removal by 99.15%. Under these optimal conditions, the energy consumption measured was 36 kWh/m3. The high dye removal rate obtained shows the effectiveness of this electrocoagulation process in treating Reactive Blue 19 simulated wastewater. A t-test, employed as a hypothesis testing technique with a significance level of 0.05, confirmed the optimal levels of the factors and interactions within the treatment process. A remarkable coefficient of determination of 0.9794 in the dye removal sensitivity analysis signifies a strong goodness of fit, indicating that these three (3) parameters collectively explain how they affect the outcome while accounting for dye removal efficiency variation. These results showed that electrocoagulation is a promising technology for treatment of Reactive Blue 19 dye wastewater.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"346 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012040
B. Das, S. Basumatary, P. Kalita
The presence of water, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia, oxygen, nitrogen, and siloxanes in biogas is not desirable for thermal and electrical applications through the engine route. H2S adversely affects engines and fuel cells by causing corrosion on metal components, poisoning catalytic converters, and accelerating wear and tear, compromising performance and longevity. To meet specific quality requirements for diverse applications such as heating, combined heat and power generation, vehicle fuel, and fuel cells, biogas must undergo cleaning and upgrading processes. Using biochar to remove H2S in biogas is a comparatively new technique and can be a promising option for small-scale, decentralized units. Current research primarily investigates the potential of biochar derived from coconut husk (CH) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) for effectively removing H2S from raw biogas within an experimental framework. The selection of a composite material consisting of equal parts CH and SB was based on available literature and material accessibility. The integrated methodology provided comprehensive insights into the performance of biochars in biogas purification. Morphological analysis elucidated the role of pore structure in facilitating H2S removal, while CHNS analysis highlighted the influence of elemental composition on biochar reactivity. Additionally, pH studies underscored the potential for biochar application to mitigate biogas acidity. According to the findings, the biochar from the combination of CH and SB exhibited a removal efficiency of 77.60% for H2S in raw biogas.
{"title":"Hydrogen sulphide removal from raw biogas using novel coconut husk and sugarcane bagasse composite biochar adsorbent","authors":"B. Das, S. Basumatary, P. Kalita","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The presence of water, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia, oxygen, nitrogen, and siloxanes in biogas is not desirable for thermal and electrical applications through the engine route. H2S adversely affects engines and fuel cells by causing corrosion on metal components, poisoning catalytic converters, and accelerating wear and tear, compromising performance and longevity. To meet specific quality requirements for diverse applications such as heating, combined heat and power generation, vehicle fuel, and fuel cells, biogas must undergo cleaning and upgrading processes. Using biochar to remove H2S in biogas is a comparatively new technique and can be a promising option for small-scale, decentralized units. Current research primarily investigates the potential of biochar derived from coconut husk (CH) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) for effectively removing H2S from raw biogas within an experimental framework. The selection of a composite material consisting of equal parts CH and SB was based on available literature and material accessibility. The integrated methodology provided comprehensive insights into the performance of biochars in biogas purification. Morphological analysis elucidated the role of pore structure in facilitating H2S removal, while CHNS analysis highlighted the influence of elemental composition on biochar reactivity. Additionally, pH studies underscored the potential for biochar application to mitigate biogas acidity. According to the findings, the biochar from the combination of CH and SB exhibited a removal efficiency of 77.60% for H2S in raw biogas.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012088
K. Liu, X H Zhang, R. K. Cao, Z R He, T Li, Y Q Liu, S J Gao, S Pan
Fresh air systems (FAS) represent an excellent solution for improving indoor air quality. Because FAS has a significant impact on buildings’ energy consumption, it is vital to investigate FAS usage behavior. At present, there is a research gap with respect to individualized FAS usage behavior and prediction models for residential buildings. From November 15th, 2018 to March 15th, 2019, this paper conducted a field measurement and modeling study of FAS usage behavior in thirteen Beijing households. During heating season, the FAS is used intermittently, with an average daily opening duration of 17.5 hours. Based on the “average daily opening duration”, two FAS usage behaviors were identified: economical households and conventional households. The average daily indoor particles matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration was observed to be lower in FAS-using households (16.19 μg/m3, 12.30 μg/m3) than in non-FAS-using households (46.1 μg/m3). Outdoor PM2.5 concentration is a motivating factor for FAS opening. The paper used binary logistic regression to predict the FAS status of both economical and conventional households (two classified models), as well as for all tested households (unclassified model). These results suggest that classified models (84.1%, 83.5%) have greater accuracy than the unclassified model (75.9%), opening the possibility of using the average daily opening duration to classify and examine FAS usage behavior. The study provides accurate field data for evaluating FAS usage behavior, as well as a reference for further simulating the energy consumption of FAS-using households.
{"title":"Analysis and modeling of fresh air systems usage behavior in residential buildings in Beijing during heating season","authors":"K. Liu, X H Zhang, R. K. Cao, Z R He, T Li, Y Q Liu, S J Gao, S Pan","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fresh air systems (FAS) represent an excellent solution for improving indoor air quality. Because FAS has a significant impact on buildings’ energy consumption, it is vital to investigate FAS usage behavior. At present, there is a research gap with respect to individualized FAS usage behavior and prediction models for residential buildings. From November 15th, 2018 to March 15th, 2019, this paper conducted a field measurement and modeling study of FAS usage behavior in thirteen Beijing households. During heating season, the FAS is used intermittently, with an average daily opening duration of 17.5 hours. Based on the “average daily opening duration”, two FAS usage behaviors were identified: economical households and conventional households. The average daily indoor particles matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration was observed to be lower in FAS-using households (16.19 μg/m3, 12.30 μg/m3) than in non-FAS-using households (46.1 μg/m3). Outdoor PM2.5 concentration is a motivating factor for FAS opening. The paper used binary logistic regression to predict the FAS status of both economical and conventional households (two classified models), as well as for all tested households (unclassified model). These results suggest that classified models (84.1%, 83.5%) have greater accuracy than the unclassified model (75.9%), opening the possibility of using the average daily opening duration to classify and examine FAS usage behavior. The study provides accurate field data for evaluating FAS usage behavior, as well as a reference for further simulating the energy consumption of FAS-using households.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012047
J. Milano, S. K. Tiong, S. R. Chia, M. Y. Ong, A. Sebayang, M. A. Kalam
The environmental damage stemming from traditional diesel begins during crude oil extraction and persists throughout its usage. The burning of fossil fuels has further deteriorate the environmental effect and added to global warming by emitting harmful substances. Moreover, the reduction of finite fossil fuel reserves due to widespread extraction has made the adoption of renewable resources essential. Given these considerations, biodiesel emerges as a highly promising alternative to conventional diesel due to its environmentally beneficial nature, renewable source, and economic feasibility. In this study, biodiesel was prepared by a microwave reactor in the presence of potassium methoxide using blended waste palm oil and sterculia foetida. The effects of raw materials characteristics on transesterification products were studied. The studied process parameters were methanol/oil ratio, microwave temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and stirring speed. The optimal yield with 98.5% FAME content was obtained at a methanol/oil ratio of 60 vol. %, microwave temperature of 120 °C, catalyst concentration of 0.3 wt.%, and 3 min reaction time, and stirring speed of 500 rpm. The potassium methoxide was used to catalyse the transesterification process. The physicochemical properties and the fatty acid methyl ester composition were discussed thoroughly. The flash point of biodiesel, at 157.5°C, exceeds that of diesel fuel by more than two times. The cetane index is 59.5 which is higher than diesel (49.6). The biodiesel’s fuel properties conformed to the requirements of both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. High biodiesel conversion and low sulphur content show that waste palm oil and sterculia foetida are sustainable and economical feedstocks that produce clean fuel to aid the feasibility of the energy transition of the global energy sector. In addition, the selection of synthesis approaches can be further explored for potential catalysts to ensure eco-green biodiesel’s sustainability with minimised.
{"title":"Production of biodiesel from non-edible waste palm oil and sterculia foetida using microwave irradiation","authors":"J. Milano, S. K. Tiong, S. R. Chia, M. Y. Ong, A. Sebayang, M. A. Kalam","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The environmental damage stemming from traditional diesel begins during crude oil extraction and persists throughout its usage. The burning of fossil fuels has further deteriorate the environmental effect and added to global warming by emitting harmful substances. Moreover, the reduction of finite fossil fuel reserves due to widespread extraction has made the adoption of renewable resources essential. Given these considerations, biodiesel emerges as a highly promising alternative to conventional diesel due to its environmentally beneficial nature, renewable source, and economic feasibility. In this study, biodiesel was prepared by a microwave reactor in the presence of potassium methoxide using blended waste palm oil and sterculia foetida. The effects of raw materials characteristics on transesterification products were studied. The studied process parameters were methanol/oil ratio, microwave temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and stirring speed. The optimal yield with 98.5% FAME content was obtained at a methanol/oil ratio of 60 vol. %, microwave temperature of 120 °C, catalyst concentration of 0.3 wt.%, and 3 min reaction time, and stirring speed of 500 rpm. The potassium methoxide was used to catalyse the transesterification process. The physicochemical properties and the fatty acid methyl ester composition were discussed thoroughly. The flash point of biodiesel, at 157.5°C, exceeds that of diesel fuel by more than two times. The cetane index is 59.5 which is higher than diesel (49.6). The biodiesel’s fuel properties conformed to the requirements of both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. High biodiesel conversion and low sulphur content show that waste palm oil and sterculia foetida are sustainable and economical feedstocks that produce clean fuel to aid the feasibility of the energy transition of the global energy sector. In addition, the selection of synthesis approaches can be further explored for potential catalysts to ensure eco-green biodiesel’s sustainability with minimised.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012010
David Caizaluisa, Joel Dávila, Paúl Molina, Néstor Rivera
In this work, the factors involved in the incidence of vehicular accidents during the period 2017-2022 in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, were studied with the purpose of identifying the most influential variables in traffic accidents. From the methodological point of view, an analytical and descriptive research approach was adopted. The methodological process started with an exploratory study based on data provided by the National Traffic Agency (ANT), which records the accidents that occurred from January 2017, to December 2022. For the statistical analysis of the data, a free software tool was used. After carrying out an exhaustive analysis, it was concluded that there is no significant variation by month or by time slot in the incidence of accidents. The primary cause identified was speeding, followed by disregarding traffic signals, with the third cause being picking up and dropping off passengers in unauthorized areas. Additionally, it was observed that the canton of Quito had a higher implication in terms of accident frequency. Throughout the study period, a decrease in the incidence of accidents was noted until 2020. However, an upturn in the trend was observed in 2021, although 14 fewer accidents were recorded in 2022 compared to 2021. The completion of this study is crucial as understanding the causes of accidents enables the implementation of measures to enhance road safety, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents and safeguarding lives. Identifying the underlying causes of accidents can contribute significantly to preventing injuries and fatalities.
{"title":"Analysis and study of the factors involved in the accident rate of vehicles, during the period 2017-2022 in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador.","authors":"David Caizaluisa, Joel Dávila, Paúl Molina, Néstor Rivera","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, the factors involved in the incidence of vehicular accidents during the period 2017-2022 in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, were studied with the purpose of identifying the most influential variables in traffic accidents. From the methodological point of view, an analytical and descriptive research approach was adopted. The methodological process started with an exploratory study based on data provided by the National Traffic Agency (ANT), which records the accidents that occurred from January 2017, to December 2022. For the statistical analysis of the data, a free software tool was used. After carrying out an exhaustive analysis, it was concluded that there is no significant variation by month or by time slot in the incidence of accidents. The primary cause identified was speeding, followed by disregarding traffic signals, with the third cause being picking up and dropping off passengers in unauthorized areas. Additionally, it was observed that the canton of Quito had a higher implication in terms of accident frequency. Throughout the study period, a decrease in the incidence of accidents was noted until 2020. However, an upturn in the trend was observed in 2021, although 14 fewer accidents were recorded in 2022 compared to 2021. The completion of this study is crucial as understanding the causes of accidents enables the implementation of measures to enhance road safety, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents and safeguarding lives. Identifying the underlying causes of accidents can contribute significantly to preventing injuries and fatalities.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：