Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012019
T. C. Wan, S Pan, X R Wang, Y Cui, Y. D. Yuan, H Y Wang, Q. Ge, J L Liu
To lower environmental-based operation costs, many literatures studied the relationship between the energy generation side (EGS) and building load (BL) demand side based on solar-based integrated energy systems (SIESs), without directly considering the effect of energy from energy transportation and storage side (ETSS) on BL demand, which may result in waste of solar energy extracted. To enhance energy utilization, this study proposed an analysis method that renewable energy source shares among different buildings was investigated based on the supply relationship between energy from the ETSS side and BL demand side. ETSS included an electric boiler/chiller (EB/C), double-effect absorption heat pump (AHP) and tank. According to the energy sources from ETSS and building loads for a hotel, a residence and a hospital on a heating/cooling day. The proposed analysis method was used to develop the potential of available renewable energy through energy sharing from the perspective of the energy consumption differences of the three buildings. The results presented that the potential of renewable energy utilization was further developed by reasonably operating the use and storage of energy sources from ETSS based on the optimization between energy sources from EGS and building loads. Energy source shares among different buildings with different energy consumption characteristics enhanced energy efficiency according to reasonably change the useable time of energy sources from tanks. When a building required a large number of energy sources, the buildings with low energy consumption directly shared renewable energy without considering the use of energy storage. This study can provide a reference for optimizing the design of integrated energy system (IES)-based architecture with different building loads.
{"title":"Renewable energy sharing based on the effect of energy supply from energy transportation and storage side on building load demand","authors":"T. C. Wan, S Pan, X R Wang, Y Cui, Y. D. Yuan, H Y Wang, Q. Ge, J L Liu","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To lower environmental-based operation costs, many literatures studied the relationship between the energy generation side (EGS) and building load (BL) demand side based on solar-based integrated energy systems (SIESs), without directly considering the effect of energy from energy transportation and storage side (ETSS) on BL demand, which may result in waste of solar energy extracted. To enhance energy utilization, this study proposed an analysis method that renewable energy source shares among different buildings was investigated based on the supply relationship between energy from the ETSS side and BL demand side. ETSS included an electric boiler/chiller (EB/C), double-effect absorption heat pump (AHP) and tank. According to the energy sources from ETSS and building loads for a hotel, a residence and a hospital on a heating/cooling day. The proposed analysis method was used to develop the potential of available renewable energy through energy sharing from the perspective of the energy consumption differences of the three buildings. The results presented that the potential of renewable energy utilization was further developed by reasonably operating the use and storage of energy sources from ETSS based on the optimization between energy sources from EGS and building loads. Energy source shares among different buildings with different energy consumption characteristics enhanced energy efficiency according to reasonably change the useable time of energy sources from tanks. When a building required a large number of energy sources, the buildings with low energy consumption directly shared renewable energy without considering the use of energy storage. This study can provide a reference for optimizing the design of integrated energy system (IES)-based architecture with different building loads.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"227 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012075
Y L Wang, L Zhang, Y S Qu, X. Meng, H. Pang, H Y Wang
Some cities’ subways were constructed early and have been in operation for a long time. A large amount of heat accumulates in the rocks around the subway tunnels, causing the phenomenon of heat accumulation. This situation leads to the inadequate cooling capability of train air-conditioning systems, which, may even cease to function under extreme conditions. Currently, few solutions are available to address this issue. Therefore, this study proposes a new cooling system in subway tunnel. Considering the dusty environment inside the tunnel, the terminal equipment mainly consists of natural convection copper tube finless heat exchangers and a self-flushing device without fans, which cool using piston wind. By comparing field measurements of two tunnels with and without the cooling system in similar locations, the results show that the air temperature in the tunnels is reduced after the cooling system is installed. The results indicate that the average temperature in the tunnels decreases from 30.93 °C to 19.80 °C, marking a reduction of 11.13 °C after the cooling system runs for 24 hours. The temperature change in the tunnel is a long-term process, and actual measurements require significant time consumption. In this study, the long-term effect is predicted using CFD simulation in tunnels. The accuracy and credibility of the CFD simulation have been confirmed through its reasonable agreement with experimental data, with the final temperature after 24 hours achieving a relative error of less than 0.26%. Through the simulation, the temperature at a depth of 10 cm inside the tunnel wall after 24 hours is determined to be 27.56 °C, indicating a reduction of 3.44 °C compared to the initial temperature of 31 °C. This study can provide a reference for other subway tunnel cooling systems and serves as a basis for CFD simulations to verify cooling effects.
{"title":"Cooling performance study of a new cooling system in subway tunnel based on field measurement and CFD simulation","authors":"Y L Wang, L Zhang, Y S Qu, X. Meng, H. Pang, H Y Wang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012075","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Some cities’ subways were constructed early and have been in operation for a long time. A large amount of heat accumulates in the rocks around the subway tunnels, causing the phenomenon of heat accumulation. This situation leads to the inadequate cooling capability of train air-conditioning systems, which, may even cease to function under extreme conditions. Currently, few solutions are available to address this issue. Therefore, this study proposes a new cooling system in subway tunnel. Considering the dusty environment inside the tunnel, the terminal equipment mainly consists of natural convection copper tube finless heat exchangers and a self-flushing device without fans, which cool using piston wind. By comparing field measurements of two tunnels with and without the cooling system in similar locations, the results show that the air temperature in the tunnels is reduced after the cooling system is installed. The results indicate that the average temperature in the tunnels decreases from 30.93 °C to 19.80 °C, marking a reduction of 11.13 °C after the cooling system runs for 24 hours. The temperature change in the tunnel is a long-term process, and actual measurements require significant time consumption. In this study, the long-term effect is predicted using CFD simulation in tunnels. The accuracy and credibility of the CFD simulation have been confirmed through its reasonable agreement with experimental data, with the final temperature after 24 hours achieving a relative error of less than 0.26%. Through the simulation, the temperature at a depth of 10 cm inside the tunnel wall after 24 hours is determined to be 27.56 °C, indicating a reduction of 3.44 °C compared to the initial temperature of 31 °C. This study can provide a reference for other subway tunnel cooling systems and serves as a basis for CFD simulations to verify cooling effects.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012069
E. Soh, N. Y. J. Loh, J. H. Teoh, A Jain, H. Le Ferrand
Of all types of ecosystems, cities are the most polluting and this pollution affects more than 50% of the global population. One main cause for this pollution is related to the energy used to heat or cool down buildings. Currently, only 15% of households in Southeast Asia have an air conditioner, but this number is expected to rise, leading to an increase in demand in energy consumption, electricity and CO2 emissions which could further worsen global pollution and climate change. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternative solutions to cool buildings and regulate their temperatures. In this paper, inspiration is taken from elephants who live in very hot climates. Elephants can cool themselves thanks to the wrinkles on their skin that can limit heat gain, dissipate energy by evaporative cooling and store water. To emulate elephants’ cooling, tiles with elephant skin-inspired surface texture are designed. Computational simulations are performed to evaluate the effect of local shading due to the texture. Experimental tiles are produced using a biodegradable and natural material grown by a fungus, Pleurotus Ostreatus. These tiles are mycelium-bound composites (MBCs) where the fungus grew on bamboo microfibers, developing an interconnected web of cells called the mycelium that binds the microfibers together. The thermal properties of the tiles were measured for heating and cooling on the textured and flat side. The results show the tiles have anisotropic properties with a significant improvement by 25% in the cooling of the textured side over the flat side. In simulated rain conditions, the cooling is further improved by 42% as compared to dry conditions. The elephant-mycelium tiles are therefore promising for thermal regulation of building in Southeast Asia environments.
{"title":"Elephant skin-inspired mycelium tiles for thermal regulation of buildings","authors":"E. Soh, N. Y. J. Loh, J. H. Teoh, A Jain, H. Le Ferrand","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Of all types of ecosystems, cities are the most polluting and this pollution affects more than 50% of the global population. One main cause for this pollution is related to the energy used to heat or cool down buildings. Currently, only 15% of households in Southeast Asia have an air conditioner, but this number is expected to rise, leading to an increase in demand in energy consumption, electricity and CO2 emissions which could further worsen global pollution and climate change. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternative solutions to cool buildings and regulate their temperatures. In this paper, inspiration is taken from elephants who live in very hot climates. Elephants can cool themselves thanks to the wrinkles on their skin that can limit heat gain, dissipate energy by evaporative cooling and store water. To emulate elephants’ cooling, tiles with elephant skin-inspired surface texture are designed. Computational simulations are performed to evaluate the effect of local shading due to the texture. Experimental tiles are produced using a biodegradable and natural material grown by a fungus, Pleurotus Ostreatus. These tiles are mycelium-bound composites (MBCs) where the fungus grew on bamboo microfibers, developing an interconnected web of cells called the mycelium that binds the microfibers together. The thermal properties of the tiles were measured for heating and cooling on the textured and flat side. The results show the tiles have anisotropic properties with a significant improvement by 25% in the cooling of the textured side over the flat side. In simulated rain conditions, the cooling is further improved by 42% as compared to dry conditions. The elephant-mycelium tiles are therefore promising for thermal regulation of building in Southeast Asia environments.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"42 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012003
G. Augusto, C. L. Gatus, A. Ubando, L. G. Gan Lim, J. Gonzaga
The wind resource assessment has been used effectively to identify the classification of wind turbines at a particular wind farm site. The current study used WAsP software and various statistical methods such as graphical, energy pattern factor, standard deviation, and Rayleigh distribution methods to find the Weibull parameters by evaluating the raw data collected from August 2005 until July 2006 at four (4) different heights of the meteorological mast station in Bayanzhaganxiang, China. The Weibull parameters were utilized to find the annual mean wind speed, probability density, and cumulative distribution functions of wind conditions at the reference heights of 70 m, 50 m, 30 m, and 10 m. The wind shear coefficient was 0.130 with an overall roughness factor of 0.0385 m, suggesting the site vicinity is an open country with no significant structures and vegetation. The results also showed that the post-processed output from WAsP and standard deviation method at the sensor’s height of 70 m have a correlation coefficient and confidence level of 0.99977 and above 95%, respectively. Based on the turbine classification from GL Wind 2003 and IEC 61400-1 Ed.2, it was found that the turbine class ideal for the site is class III wind turbines with an annual mean wind speed of 7.439 m/s at a hub height of 99 m. The measured wind power density at hub height was calculated according to IEC 61400-12-1, which yields 464.36 W/m2. The characteristic wind turbulence at 70 m high is IEC subclass B. Among the selected wind turbines, the net annual energy production with efficiency is 8,059.57 MWh/year using Avantis AV1010, with the highest capacity factor of 40.05%. It has been found that the lowest energy generation cost is US$ 0.0292/kWh for a period of 20 years.
{"title":"Wind resource assessment for turbine class identification in Bayanzhaganxiang, China","authors":"G. Augusto, C. L. Gatus, A. Ubando, L. G. Gan Lim, J. Gonzaga","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The wind resource assessment has been used effectively to identify the classification of wind turbines at a particular wind farm site. The current study used WAsP software and various statistical methods such as graphical, energy pattern factor, standard deviation, and Rayleigh distribution methods to find the Weibull parameters by evaluating the raw data collected from August 2005 until July 2006 at four (4) different heights of the meteorological mast station in Bayanzhaganxiang, China. The Weibull parameters were utilized to find the annual mean wind speed, probability density, and cumulative distribution functions of wind conditions at the reference heights of 70 m, 50 m, 30 m, and 10 m. The wind shear coefficient was 0.130 with an overall roughness factor of 0.0385 m, suggesting the site vicinity is an open country with no significant structures and vegetation. The results also showed that the post-processed output from WAsP and standard deviation method at the sensor’s height of 70 m have a correlation coefficient and confidence level of 0.99977 and above 95%, respectively. Based on the turbine classification from GL Wind 2003 and IEC 61400-1 Ed.2, it was found that the turbine class ideal for the site is class III wind turbines with an annual mean wind speed of 7.439 m/s at a hub height of 99 m. The measured wind power density at hub height was calculated according to IEC 61400-12-1, which yields 464.36 W/m2. The characteristic wind turbulence at 70 m high is IEC subclass B. Among the selected wind turbines, the net annual energy production with efficiency is 8,059.57 MWh/year using Avantis AV1010, with the highest capacity factor of 40.05%. It has been found that the lowest energy generation cost is US$ 0.0292/kWh for a period of 20 years.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"39 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012052
N. Guevarra, D. Cuevas, C. Pescos, A. Sibal, L. Carrillo
Wastewater pollution remediation connects to goal 6 of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Conventional and advanced wastewater treatment are quite expensive to operate to fully comply with regulatory standards in the country. Phyto-vortex integrated system is an alternative tertiary wastewater treatment system that interfaces with an oil and grease skimmer and vortex technology, relying on green plants and a variety of soil substrates to remediate wastewater. The research evaluated the potential of the Phyto-vortex system and its performance in the reduction of domestic wastewater pollutants. Plants and soil substrates were selected via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using one-way sensitivity analysis. Common reed, Vetiver grass, and Canna Lily were planted in constructed reed beds with various soil matrices using substrates laid at different levels. The beds operate continuously as a horizontal subsurface flow treating 5 m3 of a sewage treatment effluent per day with 1-3 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The vortex unit aerates the water for further removal of gaseous pollutants. Samples were taken at designated points for 18 weeks. Analysis of the results shows a maximum reduction of 92% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 60 % for chemical oxygen demand(COD), and 70 % for total suspended solids (TSS). Concentration of identified heavy metals in the influent are within the regulatory standards except for a rise in zinc concentration which was 97% reduced in the system. The percentage reduction of pollutants varies each week with nitrates decreasing in the range of 50% to 99%, phosphates from 8% to 39.5%, and ammonia from 45.65% to 99%. Varying environmental conditions such as monsoon rains and extreme heat caused algal blooms and plant disease affecting the results. Lower temperatures and lower humidity favor a decrease in the levels of the pollutants while higher temperature, higher humidity favor an increase in the levels of Nitrates, Phosphates, and Ammonia. The overall results show an effective integrated system of phytoremediation coupled with a vortex unit in the reduction of wastewater pollutants.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of pilot phyto-vortex integrated system in the reduction of wastewater pollutants","authors":"N. Guevarra, D. Cuevas, C. Pescos, A. Sibal, L. Carrillo","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wastewater pollution remediation connects to goal 6 of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Conventional and advanced wastewater treatment are quite expensive to operate to fully comply with regulatory standards in the country. Phyto-vortex integrated system is an alternative tertiary wastewater treatment system that interfaces with an oil and grease skimmer and vortex technology, relying on green plants and a variety of soil substrates to remediate wastewater. The research evaluated the potential of the Phyto-vortex system and its performance in the reduction of domestic wastewater pollutants. Plants and soil substrates were selected via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using one-way sensitivity analysis. Common reed, Vetiver grass, and Canna Lily were planted in constructed reed beds with various soil matrices using substrates laid at different levels. The beds operate continuously as a horizontal subsurface flow treating 5 m3 of a sewage treatment effluent per day with 1-3 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The vortex unit aerates the water for further removal of gaseous pollutants. Samples were taken at designated points for 18 weeks. Analysis of the results shows a maximum reduction of 92% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 60 % for chemical oxygen demand(COD), and 70 % for total suspended solids (TSS). Concentration of identified heavy metals in the influent are within the regulatory standards except for a rise in zinc concentration which was 97% reduced in the system. The percentage reduction of pollutants varies each week with nitrates decreasing in the range of 50% to 99%, phosphates from 8% to 39.5%, and ammonia from 45.65% to 99%. Varying environmental conditions such as monsoon rains and extreme heat caused algal blooms and plant disease affecting the results. Lower temperatures and lower humidity favor a decrease in the levels of the pollutants while higher temperature, higher humidity favor an increase in the levels of Nitrates, Phosphates, and Ammonia. The overall results show an effective integrated system of phytoremediation coupled with a vortex unit in the reduction of wastewater pollutants.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012091
Pri Hermawan, Rafi Ndari Ardianto, Crista Fialdila Suryanto, Aryansyah
Energy transition is an alternative solution that emerged as an effort to achieve zero net emissions. The countries that signed the Paris Agreement are expected to reach their targets by 2030. Indonesia targets this agreement by performing the energy mix set at 25% nationally. Many provinces have difficulties achieving its implementation due to conflicts between related stakeholders, including industry. However, some provinces have shown promising transition changes with accelerated target achievement. This research aims to identify how the government of South Sumatra can reach beyond the National Target by turning the conflict into a collaboration between government and industry. The collaboration impacts accelerating the achievement of the energy mix target. A multi-layered approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the energy transition by demonstrating the energy transition process in Indonesia using Actor Interaction analysis, Dilemma analysis, and System Analysis. Therefore, the bottom-up approach chosen, systematically uncovering actor interactions within and across systems. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The results of the interviews were identified until a series of methods emerged that were used to identify the collaboration that occurred. The analysis found that local governments encounter dilemmatic situations to balance a smooth energy transition process and ensure stable socioeconomic conditions. The system dynamic simulation has proven to be a vital addition to Drama Theory and Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, offering a temporal perspective that is fundamental for the decision-making process that concerns the ever-changing environmental situation.
{"title":"Dynamic interaction in sustainable energy: Learning from South Sumatra in transforming conflict into collaboration to accelerate energy mix targets","authors":"Pri Hermawan, Rafi Ndari Ardianto, Crista Fialdila Suryanto, Aryansyah","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Energy transition is an alternative solution that emerged as an effort to achieve zero net emissions. The countries that signed the Paris Agreement are expected to reach their targets by 2030. Indonesia targets this agreement by performing the energy mix set at 25% nationally. Many provinces have difficulties achieving its implementation due to conflicts between related stakeholders, including industry. However, some provinces have shown promising transition changes with accelerated target achievement. This research aims to identify how the government of South Sumatra can reach beyond the National Target by turning the conflict into a collaboration between government and industry. The collaboration impacts accelerating the achievement of the energy mix target. A multi-layered approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the energy transition by demonstrating the energy transition process in Indonesia using Actor Interaction analysis, Dilemma analysis, and System Analysis. Therefore, the bottom-up approach chosen, systematically uncovering actor interactions within and across systems. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The results of the interviews were identified until a series of methods emerged that were used to identify the collaboration that occurred. The analysis found that local governments encounter dilemmatic situations to balance a smooth energy transition process and ensure stable socioeconomic conditions. The system dynamic simulation has proven to be a vital addition to Drama Theory and Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, offering a temporal perspective that is fundamental for the decision-making process that concerns the ever-changing environmental situation.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012045
C. J. Junio, P. A. Ontar, V. J. Rutaquio, J. M. Manlapaz, E. B. Braga, C. Tugade, C. Pescos
The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and water bodies poses significant environmental and public health risks. High concentrations of contaminants like heavy metals and pharmaceuticals disrupt rivers, exacerbating waterborne diseases, and leading to unsafe water in the Philippines. This study proposed the use of horizontal-flow constructed wetlands as a tertiary treatment method utilizing the plants: vetiver grass, common reed, and canna lily, to reduce pollutant concentrations in wastewater. This is to ensure compliance with water quality guidelines and general effluent standards under the Class SB Category, water suitable for fishery, tourist zones, and recreational activities. The research investigated the efficiency of phytoremediation beds in removing pollutants from wastewater under fixed hydraulic retention times. The efficiency of reducing pollutants and adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) were calculated to analyze the results of the sampling. Phytoremediation bed 1 demonstra ted efficient ammonia removal by 64.64%. Phytoremediation bed 2 was proficient in reducing nitrates at 83.85%, while phytoremediation bed 3 effectively reduced phosphate to an average of 26.26%, achieved after a 6-hour retention time. In addition, Freundlich adsorption isotherm was observable in most parameters in phytoremediation bed 1 such as ammonia as nitrogen, TDS, COD, and DO. Phytoremediation bed 3 exhibited the same adsorption isotherm on ammonia as nitrogen. Conclusively, the phytoremediation system met the Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Updated Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standard (GES) for all parameters tested.
{"title":"Horizontal-flow constructed wetlands by phytoremediation using vetiver grass, common reed, and canna lily as tertiary wastewater treatment for the reduction of pollutant concentrations of ammonia, phosphates, and nitrates","authors":"C. J. Junio, P. A. Ontar, V. J. Rutaquio, J. M. Manlapaz, E. B. Braga, C. Tugade, C. Pescos","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and water bodies poses significant environmental and public health risks. High concentrations of contaminants like heavy metals and pharmaceuticals disrupt rivers, exacerbating waterborne diseases, and leading to unsafe water in the Philippines. This study proposed the use of horizontal-flow constructed wetlands as a tertiary treatment method utilizing the plants: vetiver grass, common reed, and canna lily, to reduce pollutant concentrations in wastewater. This is to ensure compliance with water quality guidelines and general effluent standards under the Class SB Category, water suitable for fishery, tourist zones, and recreational activities. The research investigated the efficiency of phytoremediation beds in removing pollutants from wastewater under fixed hydraulic retention times. The efficiency of reducing pollutants and adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) were calculated to analyze the results of the sampling. Phytoremediation bed 1 demonstra ted efficient ammonia removal by 64.64%. Phytoremediation bed 2 was proficient in reducing nitrates at 83.85%, while phytoremediation bed 3 effectively reduced phosphate to an average of 26.26%, achieved after a 6-hour retention time. In addition, Freundlich adsorption isotherm was observable in most parameters in phytoremediation bed 1 such as ammonia as nitrogen, TDS, COD, and DO. Phytoremediation bed 3 exhibited the same adsorption isotherm on ammonia as nitrogen. Conclusively, the phytoremediation system met the Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Updated Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standard (GES) for all parameters tested.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012006
J. M. E. Abarro, J. A. Paraggua
Pseudo-2-dimensional (P2D) models are computationally efficient tools for accurately predicting the battery’s performance. These models have been widely used to simulate lithium-ion batteries, but their application can be extended to other battery chemistries. Nickel-iron batteries are one type of storage that is regaining attention due to their durability and large theoretical specific capacity. However, their tendency to form an irreversible passivation layer and hydrogen gas leads to lower overall specific capacity and charging efficiency. Physics-based models of impedance spectra can help understand and interpret mass transport, thermodynamic, and reaction processes in a system. Batteries, being nonlinear systems in nature, can be better evaluated through nonlinear electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (NLEIS), an extension of the traditional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), to break the degeneracy of a linear model. Base case parameters were used to generate the impedance spectra by applying moderate-amplitude current modulations. This work compared the first harmonic linear response and the second harmonic nonlinear response simulated through a P2D model. Unlike EIS, the nonlinear response shows sensitivity to charge transfer symmetry. At the negative electrode, the nonlinear response demonstrates strong dependence on the kinetic properties, suggesting that the overall battery performance is mainly influenced by the processes at the negative electrode-electrolyte interface.
伪二维（P2D）模型是准确预测电池性能的高效计算工具。这些模型已被广泛用于模拟锂离子电池，但其应用范围也可扩展到其他电池化学成分。镍铁电池因其耐用性和较大的理论比容量而重新受到关注。然而，它们容易形成不可逆的钝化层和氢气，导致整体比容量和充电效率降低。基于物理的阻抗谱模型有助于理解和解释系统中的质量传输、热力学和反应过程。电池本质上是非线性系统，通过非线性电化学阻抗谱（NLEIS）（传统电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的扩展）可以更好地评估电池，从而打破线性模型的退化。通过应用中等振幅的电流调制，使用基本情况参数生成阻抗谱。这项研究比较了第一次谐波线性响应和通过 P2D 模型模拟的第二次谐波非线性响应。与 EIS 不同，非线性响应显示出对电荷转移对称性的敏感性。在负极，非线性响应对动力学特性有很强的依赖性，这表明电池的整体性能主要受负极-电解质界面过程的影响。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012005
P. Ifaei, J. K. Park, T. Y. Woo, C. H. Jeong, C. K. Yoo
In pursuit of a sustainable 2030 strategy in the Republic of Korea, this study addresses the oversight in recent optimal renewable energy microgrid designs, which, despite encompassing all feasible renewable sources, neglected the pivotal role of hydrogen as an energy carrier. This research explores the feasibility of reprogramming media platforms to dynamically shape energy consumption during peak intervals. It further proposes the retrofitting of microgrids with industrial hydrogen production and storage facilities, aligning with controlled electricity demand. A comprehensive social survey investigates the impact of media content on energy-conscious behaviour and cooperation, specifically targeting energy savings during peak hours. Utilizing a probabilistic model, the study quantifies responses from the surveyed sample and decomposes the energy demand time series to reveal three new consumption patterns: demand reduction by lowering residential electricity consumption at peak intervals without shifts, intense demand shifting by redistributing electricity consumption from peaks to valleys without human intervention, and moderate demand shifting achieved through cooperation with consumers. With these novel energy demand patterns in hand, the study optimally designs renewable microgrids in 17 sites in South Korea, comparing two strategies: Plan A, involving electrolysis-based hydrogen production and storage tanks, and Plan B, which excludes hydrogen facilities. Comparative results demonstrate that media content contributes to a 10.28% and 16.11% reduction in peak electricity consumption, with and without human intervention, respectively. In Plan B, a demand cut saves 937.3 MWh/yr, resulting in a 12.88% reduction in the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) and a 4.67% reduction in net present costs (NPC) of optimal renewable microgrids in Korea. Conversely, in Plan A, intense demand reduction exhibits superior performance, leading to $981K less NPC, 1,046 MWh/yr less excess electricity, and a 3.76% smaller LCOE. The study recommends the implementation of smart gadgets to control residential electricity consumption, producing industrial hydrogen at Korean sites based on consumer attention and agreement with specific media content. However, it underscores the importance of studying the socio-psychological effects of this plan in future research.
为了实现大韩民国 2030 年可持续发展战略，本研究针对近期可再生能源微电网优化设计中的疏忽之处进行了探讨。尽管这些设计涵盖了所有可行的可再生能源，但却忽视了氢气作为能源载体的关键作用。本研究探讨了重新编程媒体平台的可行性，以动态调整高峰时段的能源消耗。研究还建议在微电网中加装工业制氢和储氢设施，使其与受控的电力需求保持一致。一项全面的社会调查研究了媒体内容对能源意识行为和合作的影响，特别是针对高峰时段的能源节约。利用概率模型，该研究对调查样本的反应进行了量化，并对能源需求时间序列进行了分解，从而揭示了三种新的消费模式：通过在不转移的情况下降低高峰时段的居民用电量来减少需求；通过在不人为干预的情况下将用电量从高峰时段重新分配到低谷时段来实现强烈的需求转移；以及通过与消费者合作来实现适度的需求转移。根据这些新的能源需求模式，该研究对韩国 17 个地点的可再生微电网进行了优化设计，并对两种策略进行了比较：计划 A 涉及电解制氢和储氢罐，计划 B 则不包括制氢设施。比较结果表明，在有人工干预和无人工干预的情况下，媒体内容可使峰值用电量分别减少 10.28% 和 16.11%。在 B 计划中，削减需求每年可节省 937.3 兆瓦时，从而使韩国最佳可再生微电网的平准化电力成本（LCOE）降低了 12.88%，净现值成本（NPC）降低了 4.67%。相反，在 A 计划中，密集减少需求表现出卓越的性能，使净现值成本降低了 98.1 万美元，过剩电量减少了 1,046 兆瓦时/年，平准化电力成本降低了 3.76%。研究建议使用智能小工具来控制住宅用电，根据消费者的关注度和对特定媒体内容的认同度，在韩国生产工业氢气。不过，该研究强调了在未来研究中研究该计划的社会心理影响的重要性。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012011
L.H. Phuc, P.M. Duc, L.A. Nhuan, T.T. Ly, N.D. Hung
Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters have gained popularity in electric vehicle charging stations due to their high efficiency and electrical isolation. As the demand for high-powered devices and large-capacity energy storage systems grows, charging systems that integrate multiple interconnected DAB modules are emerging as a promising solution. However, prolonged operation of these modules at high power levels can cause parameter deviations from the initial DAB circuit, resulting in power variations between modules. To overcome parameter deviations, this study presents an enhanced power control approach based on output resistance adjustment, intending to achieve consistent output capacity for multiple DAB modules. In the proposed enhanced power control method, the output resistance of the DAB module is considered to be controllable, and the current-sharing mismatches among DAB modules are fed back to tune the converter output resistance for mitigating current mismatches between modules. Thanks to the proposed control method, each DAB module can operate autonomously and balance the charging current between modules. When one DAB module is suddenly cut out of the system, the other DAB modules still maintain their stability with fully guaranteed load capacity. To demonstrate the feasibility of the enhanced control approach, the small signal model of the DAB system with three modules is derived together with its frequency-amplitude diagram. Then, the effect of virtual resistance on current balancing is comprehensively tested, and the proper control signal with virtual resistance is added to the DAB voltage control loop. The simulation results have demonstrated the reliability of the proposed control method with the ability to balance the charging current between modules and stabilize the system when a single DAB module fails.
双有源桥（DAB）转换器因其高效率和电气隔离而在电动汽车充电站中大受欢迎。随着对高功率设备和大容量储能系统的需求不断增长，集成多个相互连接的 DAB 模块的充电系统正成为一种前景广阔的解决方案。然而，这些模块在高功率水平下长时间运行会导致参数偏离初始 DAB 电路，从而造成模块之间的功率变化。为了克服参数偏差，本研究提出了一种基于输出电阻调整的增强型功率控制方法，旨在实现多个 DAB 模块的一致输出能力。在所提出的增强型功率控制方法中，DAB 模块的输出电阻被认为是可控的，DAB 模块之间的分流失配反馈到调整转换器的输出电阻，以减轻模块之间的电流失配。由于采用了所提出的控制方法，每个 DAB 模块都能自主运行，并平衡模块间的充电电流。当一个 DAB 模块突然退出系统时，其他 DAB 模块仍能保持稳定，并充分保证负载能力。为了证明增强型控制方法的可行性，我们导出了带有三个模块的 DAB 系统的小信号模型及其频幅图。然后，全面测试了虚拟电阻对电流平衡的影响，并在 DAB 电压控制回路中加入了适当的虚拟电阻控制信号。仿真结果表明，所提出的控制方法是可靠的，能够在单个 DAB 模块发生故障时平衡模块间的充电电流并稳定系统。
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