Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012025
L. L. Pang, C. Q. Wang, X R Wang, T M Sun, J S Wu, A. Novikovs
Winter heating in rural areas has always been an issue of great concern to the State. In China, traditional heating methods mainly use coal-fired boilers or heating stoves, however, coal burning has caused serious environmental pollution and air quality problems. In order to improve heating conditions and reduce environmental pollution, some rural areas have begun to try multi-energy complementary heating (MECH) system, which improves heating efficiency by comprehensively utilizing solar energy, biomass energy, ground source heat pump, air source heat pump (ASHP). However, due to poor economic conditions, the actual operation faces various factors and challenges. In order to solve these problems, this paper provides a systematic review of the research on MECH systems in rural areas in China in recent years. First, it summarizes the existing MECH systems, including various technologies such as solar-ASHP heating, solar-biogas heating, and ground source heat pump-solar heating, and lists their advantages and disadvantages in detail. Secondly, the effects of MECH systems in practical applications are discussed through case studies. Finally, recommendations for promoting MECH technologies are presented to facilitate the development of MECH systems in rural areas. The study contributes to the development of MECH system, which helps to improve rural heating conditions and reduce environmental pollution.
{"title":"Performance research on multi-energy complementary heating systems in rural areas of China: A mini review","authors":"L. L. Pang, C. Q. Wang, X R Wang, T M Sun, J S Wu, A. Novikovs","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Winter heating in rural areas has always been an issue of great concern to the State. In China, traditional heating methods mainly use coal-fired boilers or heating stoves, however, coal burning has caused serious environmental pollution and air quality problems. In order to improve heating conditions and reduce environmental pollution, some rural areas have begun to try multi-energy complementary heating (MECH) system, which improves heating efficiency by comprehensively utilizing solar energy, biomass energy, ground source heat pump, air source heat pump (ASHP). However, due to poor economic conditions, the actual operation faces various factors and challenges. In order to solve these problems, this paper provides a systematic review of the research on MECH systems in rural areas in China in recent years. First, it summarizes the existing MECH systems, including various technologies such as solar-ASHP heating, solar-biogas heating, and ground source heat pump-solar heating, and lists their advantages and disadvantages in detail. Secondly, the effects of MECH systems in practical applications are discussed through case studies. Finally, recommendations for promoting MECH technologies are presented to facilitate the development of MECH systems in rural areas. The study contributes to the development of MECH system, which helps to improve rural heating conditions and reduce environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2007 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012074
F J Zhang, L Zhang, C Li, S J Gao
The discharge of seepage water from undersea tunnel structures, often treated as wastewater, inherently carries a substantial reservoir of untapped low-grade thermal energy. Unfortunately, comprehensive investigations into harnessing this latent potential remain notably limited. This study introduced an innovative strategy through the design of an undersea tunnel seepage seawater source heat pump system. Distinguished by the integration of a capillary front-end heat exchanger, this system aimed to effectively exploit the frequently disregarded low-grade thermal energy present in the seepage water of undersea tunnel structures. The seawater seepage from the tunnel is transported to the car park at the tunnel entrance, and a seawater energy pool is constructed by storing seawater in its underground space. The use of capillary network placed in the energy pool in the front heat exchanger, water source heat pump units, circulating water pumps and fan coil end device composed of underground undersea tunnel seepage seawater source heat pump system for the building heating and cooling. Furthermore, a comparative assessment was conducted, contrasting this novel system with the traditional air-conditioning setup that utilizes chillers and gas boilers as cooling and heating sources. The aim was to evaluate its capacity for energy conservation and emission reduction. The findings from the study strongly affirmed the viability of the proposed seepage seawater source heat pump system within undersea tunnels. It boasted the potential to achieve annual savings of 53.55 tce, highlighting a noteworthy energy-saving rate of 21.2%. Concurrently, reductions in CO2, SO2, and particulate emissions amounted to 132.28 t/a, 1.07 t/a, and 0.54 t/a, respectively. This study not only stands as a reference for the strategic utilization of seepage seawater from undersea tunnel structures, prioritizing energy conservation and emission reduction, but also pioneers innovative approaches toward resource optimization and environmental sustainability, meeting the inherent needs of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
{"title":"Seawater source heat pump system based on capillary heat exchanger for seepage in submarine tunnel: a case study","authors":"F J Zhang, L Zhang, C Li, S J Gao","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The discharge of seepage water from undersea tunnel structures, often treated as wastewater, inherently carries a substantial reservoir of untapped low-grade thermal energy. Unfortunately, comprehensive investigations into harnessing this latent potential remain notably limited. This study introduced an innovative strategy through the design of an undersea tunnel seepage seawater source heat pump system. Distinguished by the integration of a capillary front-end heat exchanger, this system aimed to effectively exploit the frequently disregarded low-grade thermal energy present in the seepage water of undersea tunnel structures. The seawater seepage from the tunnel is transported to the car park at the tunnel entrance, and a seawater energy pool is constructed by storing seawater in its underground space. The use of capillary network placed in the energy pool in the front heat exchanger, water source heat pump units, circulating water pumps and fan coil end device composed of underground undersea tunnel seepage seawater source heat pump system for the building heating and cooling. Furthermore, a comparative assessment was conducted, contrasting this novel system with the traditional air-conditioning setup that utilizes chillers and gas boilers as cooling and heating sources. The aim was to evaluate its capacity for energy conservation and emission reduction. The findings from the study strongly affirmed the viability of the proposed seepage seawater source heat pump system within undersea tunnels. It boasted the potential to achieve annual savings of 53.55 tce, highlighting a noteworthy energy-saving rate of 21.2%. Concurrently, reductions in CO2, SO2, and particulate emissions amounted to 132.28 t/a, 1.07 t/a, and 0.54 t/a, respectively. This study not only stands as a reference for the strategic utilization of seepage seawater from undersea tunnel structures, prioritizing energy conservation and emission reduction, but also pioneers innovative approaches toward resource optimization and environmental sustainability, meeting the inherent needs of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012018
A. I. Firmansyah, Mukthasor, D. Satrio, S. Rahmawati, H. Ikhwani, W. A. Pratikto
The difference between sea water temperature at a depth of around 1000 m and sea water temperature at sea level is generally used as a parameter in the design of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). In practice, electricity generation is determined by the difference between the temperature of the cold seawater coming out of the Cold Water Pipe (CWP) and the temperature of the seawater at the surface. The temperature of cold sea water increases due to heat transfer experienced by cold sea water flowing through the CWP, which comes into contact with surrounding sea water which has a higher temperature. This in turn provides a lower actual temperature difference, and therefore reduces the design power capacity. However, many previous studies did not consider these lower temperature differences. This may be acceptable for cases with practically small heat transfer such as CWP with low thermal conductivity combined with good insulation used in 1000 m CWP vertical floating systems. Unfortunately, this may not be the case for many of OTEC’s proposed alternative sites, which are located on land systems that require CWP lengths of five km or more. This raises the need for careful investigation to determine the temperature of the sea water coming out of the CWP, where it is necessary to calculate the temperature distribution of the cold sea water flowing through the CWP. This paper aims to estimate the temperature distribution of cold sea water flowing through the CWP and the increase in temperature of cold sea water leaving the CWP. Analysis based on the principles of mass and heat transfer was carried out in this research, where modelling was carried out numerically using a finite volume approach. For the case considered, the change in sea water temperature at CWP from depth to the surface occurs 1-3°C, which is the accumulation of each change in sea water depth. The results of this research illustrate that designing an OTEC system with a long CWP must consider the temperature distribution of cold sea water flowing through the CWP to produce a more realistic design.
{"title":"A study of the temperature distribution in the OTEC cold water pipe using a heat and mass transfer approach","authors":"A. I. Firmansyah, Mukthasor, D. Satrio, S. Rahmawati, H. Ikhwani, W. A. Pratikto","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The difference between sea water temperature at a depth of around 1000 m and sea water temperature at sea level is generally used as a parameter in the design of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). In practice, electricity generation is determined by the difference between the temperature of the cold seawater coming out of the Cold Water Pipe (CWP) and the temperature of the seawater at the surface. The temperature of cold sea water increases due to heat transfer experienced by cold sea water flowing through the CWP, which comes into contact with surrounding sea water which has a higher temperature. This in turn provides a lower actual temperature difference, and therefore reduces the design power capacity. However, many previous studies did not consider these lower temperature differences. This may be acceptable for cases with practically small heat transfer such as CWP with low thermal conductivity combined with good insulation used in 1000 m CWP vertical floating systems. Unfortunately, this may not be the case for many of OTEC’s proposed alternative sites, which are located on land systems that require CWP lengths of five km or more. This raises the need for careful investigation to determine the temperature of the sea water coming out of the CWP, where it is necessary to calculate the temperature distribution of the cold sea water flowing through the CWP. This paper aims to estimate the temperature distribution of cold sea water flowing through the CWP and the increase in temperature of cold sea water leaving the CWP. Analysis based on the principles of mass and heat transfer was carried out in this research, where modelling was carried out numerically using a finite volume approach. For the case considered, the change in sea water temperature at CWP from depth to the surface occurs 1-3°C, which is the accumulation of each change in sea water depth. The results of this research illustrate that designing an OTEC system with a long CWP must consider the temperature distribution of cold sea water flowing through the CWP to produce a more realistic design.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012101
P. D. Angeles, A. R. I. Bustamante, H. A. S. Sasil, D. E. D. Loresca, J. A. Paraggua
Clean and sustainable energy has turned towards electrochemical water splitting as a viable solution in minimizing carbon emissions. Electrolysis of water converts electrical energy to chemical energy, through the production of hydrogen and oxygen gases, which can be harnessed for potential applications without contributing to greenhouse emissions. While this energy storage process shows great potential, its efficiency is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result, its widespread application in green electrolytic technologies is limited hence investigations on improving OER kinetics are of utmost importance. Recent research breakthroughs indicate that alkali metal cations are more than passive observers. They play complex roles in the electric double layer (EDL), which positively influences the OER kinetics. The presence of numerous ions and their combinations presents a challenge of complexity. This study aims to delve into the impact of alkali metal cations on OER activity due to the variance in their hydration energies. Specific investigations focusing on different alkali metal cations in solution, such as Li+, Na+, and K+, was conducted on RuO2 to gain a deeper understanding of how these ions interact with both reactants and intermediate species in the reaction kinetics. Traditional electrochemical tests, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and accelerated degradation test (ADT) measurements were employed to elucidate critical aspects such as surface activation, electric double layer interactions, catalytic activity and stability, ohmic resistance, and mass and charge transport.
清洁和可持续能源已转向电化学水分离，将其作为尽量减少碳排放的可行解决方案。电解水通过产生氢气和氧气，将电能转化为化学能。虽然这一储能过程显示出巨大的潜力，但其效率却受到氧进化反应（OER）缓慢动力学的阻碍。因此，它在绿色电解技术中的广泛应用受到了限制，而改善氧进化反应动力学的研究就显得尤为重要。最近的研究突破表明，碱金属阳离子不仅仅是被动的观察者。它们在电双层（EDL）中扮演着复杂的角色，对 OER 动力学产生了积极影响。众多离子的存在及其组合带来了复杂性的挑战。本研究旨在深入探讨碱金属阳离子的水合能量差异对 OER 活性的影响。针对溶液中不同的碱金属阳离子，如 Li+、Na+ 和 K+，在 RuO2 上进行了具体研究，以深入了解这些离子在反应动力学中如何与反应物和中间物种相互作用。研究采用了传统的电化学测试方法，包括循环伏安法 (CV)、线性扫描伏安法 (LSV)、电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 和加速降解测试 (ADT)，以阐明表面活化、电双层相互作用、催化活性和稳定性、欧姆电阻以及质量和电荷传输等关键问题。
{"title":"Ion- and surface-sensitive interactions during oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media","authors":"P. D. Angeles, A. R. I. Bustamante, H. A. S. Sasil, D. E. D. Loresca, J. A. Paraggua","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Clean and sustainable energy has turned towards electrochemical water splitting as a viable solution in minimizing carbon emissions. Electrolysis of water converts electrical energy to chemical energy, through the production of hydrogen and oxygen gases, which can be harnessed for potential applications without contributing to greenhouse emissions. While this energy storage process shows great potential, its efficiency is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result, its widespread application in green electrolytic technologies is limited hence investigations on improving OER kinetics are of utmost importance. Recent research breakthroughs indicate that alkali metal cations are more than passive observers. They play complex roles in the electric double layer (EDL), which positively influences the OER kinetics. The presence of numerous ions and their combinations presents a challenge of complexity. This study aims to delve into the impact of alkali metal cations on OER activity due to the variance in their hydration energies. Specific investigations focusing on different alkali metal cations in solution, such as Li+, Na+, and K+, was conducted on RuO2 to gain a deeper understanding of how these ions interact with both reactants and intermediate species in the reaction kinetics. Traditional electrochemical tests, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and accelerated degradation test (ADT) measurements were employed to elucidate critical aspects such as surface activation, electric double layer interactions, catalytic activity and stability, ohmic resistance, and mass and charge transport.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012070
R E Shah, S. Saadon, N. K. Rahman, N. Abdellatif
In line with the world’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Malaysia aims to have a clean future energy. The main problem facing the energy revolution is the low conversion efficiency of low-grade heat to useful energy. During the process, a significant fraction of thermal energy is generally lost to the environment as waste heat. Waste heat accounts for 20-50% of industrial energy use, with Southeast Asia processing 40 million tonnes of oil equivalent. Heat losses especially in engines can reduce efficiency, leading to extensive studies to reduce heat loss and improve thermal performance. Heat recovery systems are being studied to recover lower-grade energy, but to the extent of the authors’ knowledge, the majority of them are not economically effective for low temperature waste heat. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to develop low thermal conductivity material for thermal insulators based on natural fibre and investigate their impact on thermal performance. The natural fibre-based materials that were chosen in this study are coconut husk and kenaf fibre due to their supposedly low thermal conductivity level and availability in the Southeast Asia region. The specimens were prepared using two different methods; the first two specimens using needle felting method and for the other two specimens epoxy resin was reinforced to bind the material together to become a polymer. The results revealed that coconut husk fibre reinforced with resin has the lowest thermal conductivity value among the four specimens with 0.0410 W/m.K and the lowest overall heat transfer coefficient of 2.73 W/m2.K, making it a possible thermal insulator to be proposed for heat recovery.
{"title":"Development of thermal insulation material using coconut and kenaf fiber for heat recovery enhancement","authors":"R E Shah, S. Saadon, N. K. Rahman, N. Abdellatif","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In line with the world’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Malaysia aims to have a clean future energy. The main problem facing the energy revolution is the low conversion efficiency of low-grade heat to useful energy. During the process, a significant fraction of thermal energy is generally lost to the environment as waste heat. Waste heat accounts for 20-50% of industrial energy use, with Southeast Asia processing 40 million tonnes of oil equivalent. Heat losses especially in engines can reduce efficiency, leading to extensive studies to reduce heat loss and improve thermal performance. Heat recovery systems are being studied to recover lower-grade energy, but to the extent of the authors’ knowledge, the majority of them are not economically effective for low temperature waste heat. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to develop low thermal conductivity material for thermal insulators based on natural fibre and investigate their impact on thermal performance. The natural fibre-based materials that were chosen in this study are coconut husk and kenaf fibre due to their supposedly low thermal conductivity level and availability in the Southeast Asia region. The specimens were prepared using two different methods; the first two specimens using needle felting method and for the other two specimens epoxy resin was reinforced to bind the material together to become a polymer. The results revealed that coconut husk fibre reinforced with resin has the lowest thermal conductivity value among the four specimens with 0.0410 W/m.K and the lowest overall heat transfer coefficient of 2.73 W/m2.K, making it a possible thermal insulator to be proposed for heat recovery.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"119 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012093
Q. Li, V. C. Tai, L. K. Moey, T. F. Go, N. F. A. Rahman
The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of the standard k − ε (SKE) turbulence model for natural ventilation simulation, a critical component in the analysis and design of energy-efficient buildings. The methodology involves generating 17 design points for the four closure coefficients (C ɛ 1,C ɛ 2,C µ ,σ k ) for the SKE model using 2k full-factorial design of experiment (DOE) with a centre point. A sheltered single storey-building with windward and leeward openings is modelled and simulated using computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to obtain the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Factor of two observation (FAC2) for each design point. Response models for RMSE and FAC2 are then generated, and optimization is employed to maximize FAC2, minimize RMSE, and the combination of both. The results are validated and compared with experimental and simulation data reported in existing literature. The findings indicate that the indoor velocity profiles with closure coefficients obtained by maximizing FAC2 are better aligned with the actual experimental results. Compared with the existing calibration method, the proposed calibration method can yield superior results with fewer sampling points, highlighting the efficiency of the proposed approach. The calibration framework developed in this study can be extended to other simulation scenarios, contributing to the robust and efficient modelling of natural ventilation systems in various contexts. This research presents a novel calibration method for the SKE model in natural ventilation simulation, providing a more accurate and efficient approach compared to existing methods. The results have important implications for researchers and practitioners working in the field of building energy simulation and sustainability.
{"title":"Improving building natural ventilation simulation accuracy: calibration of standard k − ε closure coefficients using design of experiment","authors":"Q. Li, V. C. Tai, L. K. Moey, T. F. Go, N. F. A. Rahman","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of the standard k − ε (SKE) turbulence model for natural ventilation simulation, a critical component in the analysis and design of energy-efficient buildings. The methodology involves generating 17 design points for the four closure coefficients (C\u0000 \u0000 ɛ\u0000 \u0000 1,C\u0000 \u0000 ɛ\u0000 \u0000 2,C\u0000 \u0000 µ\u0000 ,σ\u0000 \u0000 k\u0000 ) for the SKE model using 2k full-factorial design of experiment (DOE) with a centre point. A sheltered single storey-building with windward and leeward openings is modelled and simulated using computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to obtain the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Factor of two observation (FAC2) for each design point. Response models for RMSE and FAC2 are then generated, and optimization is employed to maximize FAC2, minimize RMSE, and the combination of both. The results are validated and compared with experimental and simulation data reported in existing literature. The findings indicate that the indoor velocity profiles with closure coefficients obtained by maximizing FAC2 are better aligned with the actual experimental results. Compared with the existing calibration method, the proposed calibration method can yield superior results with fewer sampling points, highlighting the efficiency of the proposed approach. The calibration framework developed in this study can be extended to other simulation scenarios, contributing to the robust and efficient modelling of natural ventilation systems in various contexts. This research presents a novel calibration method for the SKE model in natural ventilation simulation, providing a more accurate and efficient approach compared to existing methods. The results have important implications for researchers and practitioners working in the field of building energy simulation and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012048
Z. S. Lee, C. C. Seah, S. Habib, R. Hafriz, N. Razali
Green diesel production via catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) over metal doped eggshell catalyst was investigated in this work. The catalyst was prepared through liquid-liquid precipitation of 5 transition metal solutions and ground eggshell (ES) as the catalyst support. The prepared catalyst, Fe-ES, Cu-ES, Co-ES, Zn-ES, and Ni-ES were characterized using BET surface area and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. BET surface area data and SEM images of the catalyst shows a promising catalyst physical properties that tailor to the deoxygenation reaction. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to determine the hydrocarbon composition of the oil yield product from the reaction. The reaction also produces gas, soap and liquid acid phase while the remaining unreacted WCO becomes coke. The percentage of all products and coke were calculated using mass balance. Deoxygenation of WCO with Ni-ES catalyst produced highest oil yield at 61.6% with the hydrocarbon content of 56.11%. Ni-ES also produced 22.9% coke; the least percentage compared to other catalyst. The findings proved that Ni-ES catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of WCO into gas and liquid product with a greater yield of oil and minimal coke formation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of using eggshell catalysts as substitutes for commercial catalysts in green diesel production.
{"title":"Production of green diesel from waste cooking oil via catalytic deoxygenation reaction using metal doped eggshell catalyst","authors":"Z. S. Lee, C. C. Seah, S. Habib, R. Hafriz, N. Razali","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Green diesel production via catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) over metal doped eggshell catalyst was investigated in this work. The catalyst was prepared through liquid-liquid precipitation of 5 transition metal solutions and ground eggshell (ES) as the catalyst support. The prepared catalyst, Fe-ES, Cu-ES, Co-ES, Zn-ES, and Ni-ES were characterized using BET surface area and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. BET surface area data and SEM images of the catalyst shows a promising catalyst physical properties that tailor to the deoxygenation reaction. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to determine the hydrocarbon composition of the oil yield product from the reaction. The reaction also produces gas, soap and liquid acid phase while the remaining unreacted WCO becomes coke. The percentage of all products and coke were calculated using mass balance. Deoxygenation of WCO with Ni-ES catalyst produced highest oil yield at 61.6% with the hydrocarbon content of 56.11%. Ni-ES also produced 22.9% coke; the least percentage compared to other catalyst. The findings proved that Ni-ES catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of WCO into gas and liquid product with a greater yield of oil and minimal coke formation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of using eggshell catalysts as substitutes for commercial catalysts in green diesel production.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012055
A. Quek, A. R. Abbas, N. Z. I. S. Zaman, W. N. S. W. Ata, M. F. Zainal, F. K. M. Yapandi, Z. F. Ibrahim, A. Suhardi
A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) has been performed on a Large Scale Solar Photovoltaic (LSSPV) plant based in Peninsular Malaysia to study the detailed environmental impact of its life cycle. The LSSPV, with a capacity of 78 MWdc, is currently one of Malaysia’s largest solar power plants. The different life cycle phases of the LSSPV, starting from resource manufacturing and transportation, through plant construction and electricity generation, and to decommissioning of the plant, were assessed using the SimaPro software with the Ecoinvent v3.8 database. Results show that the overall emission rate for the LSSPV is 0.0309 kgCO2eq/kWh. It is estimated that the construction phase of the power plant, which includes activities such as infrastructure works and production of PV modules and Balance of System, yields the largest amount of kgCO2eq/kWh emission at 85.7% and imposes the highest environmental impact as compared to the other phases. The second biggest contributor is attributed to the transportation phase, contributing to 14.0% of the total kgCO2eq/kWh emission, of which most of the emission is emitted during the sea freight transportation of PV components from China port to Malaysia port (12.4%). A sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the environmental impact between open ground installation and the slanted roof installation mounting system of LSSPV. The findings from LCA proposed that open-ground installation has a greater negative impact on the environment because it involves additional land clearing and infrastructure transformation. The findings from this study serve as a benchmark for the LSSPV system in Malaysia and present technical perspectives for the future development of PV projects considering environmental impacts across the project lifetime.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Plant based in Malaysia","authors":"A. Quek, A. R. Abbas, N. Z. I. S. Zaman, W. N. S. W. Ata, M. F. Zainal, F. K. M. Yapandi, Z. F. Ibrahim, A. Suhardi","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) has been performed on a Large Scale Solar Photovoltaic (LSSPV) plant based in Peninsular Malaysia to study the detailed environmental impact of its life cycle. The LSSPV, with a capacity of 78 MWdc, is currently one of Malaysia’s largest solar power plants. The different life cycle phases of the LSSPV, starting from resource manufacturing and transportation, through plant construction and electricity generation, and to decommissioning of the plant, were assessed using the SimaPro software with the Ecoinvent v3.8 database. Results show that the overall emission rate for the LSSPV is 0.0309 kgCO2eq/kWh. It is estimated that the construction phase of the power plant, which includes activities such as infrastructure works and production of PV modules and Balance of System, yields the largest amount of kgCO2eq/kWh emission at 85.7% and imposes the highest environmental impact as compared to the other phases. The second biggest contributor is attributed to the transportation phase, contributing to 14.0% of the total kgCO2eq/kWh emission, of which most of the emission is emitted during the sea freight transportation of PV components from China port to Malaysia port (12.4%). A sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the environmental impact between open ground installation and the slanted roof installation mounting system of LSSPV. The findings from LCA proposed that open-ground installation has a greater negative impact on the environment because it involves additional land clearing and infrastructure transformation. The findings from this study serve as a benchmark for the LSSPV system in Malaysia and present technical perspectives for the future development of PV projects considering environmental impacts across the project lifetime.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012082
J. B. Magdaong, A. Culaba, A. Ubando, N. S. Lopez
This study presents a machine learning application for generating synthetic building electrical load profiles. The implementation followed the Cross Industry Standard Process for the development of Machine Learning Applications with Quality assurance methodology, or CRISP-ML(Q) framework, to ensure a systematic machine learning development process. The model training performance was evaluated using the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RSME), and coefficient of determination (R2) which were observed to be 0.0739, 0.1119, and 0.5728, respectively. These metrics remained consistent during the model testing phase, suggesting robust model performance. During the initial simulation experiment, the MAE and RMSE of the generated synthetic load profile were found to be 0.014 and 0.016, respectively, underscoring high model accuracy. Additional evaluation experiments showed that the developed machine learning application can generate realistic building load profiles using high-level parameters such as building type, average daily load, and peak demand. This study can aid in the development of demand-side management strategies and building energy management systems by providing realistic building electrical load profiles especially when real-world data is limited. For future work, researchers can consider integrating additional model features, refining data processing methods, and developing an agile version of the CRISP-ML(Q) framework.
{"title":"Generating synthetic building electrical load profiles using machine learning based on the CRISP-ML(Q) framework","authors":"J. B. Magdaong, A. Culaba, A. Ubando, N. S. Lopez","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study presents a machine learning application for generating synthetic building electrical load profiles. The implementation followed the Cross Industry Standard Process for the development of Machine Learning Applications with Quality assurance methodology, or CRISP-ML(Q) framework, to ensure a systematic machine learning development process. The model training performance was evaluated using the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RSME), and coefficient of determination (R2) which were observed to be 0.0739, 0.1119, and 0.5728, respectively. These metrics remained consistent during the model testing phase, suggesting robust model performance. During the initial simulation experiment, the MAE and RMSE of the generated synthetic load profile were found to be 0.014 and 0.016, respectively, underscoring high model accuracy. Additional evaluation experiments showed that the developed machine learning application can generate realistic building load profiles using high-level parameters such as building type, average daily load, and peak demand. This study can aid in the development of demand-side management strategies and building energy management systems by providing realistic building electrical load profiles especially when real-world data is limited. For future work, researchers can consider integrating additional model features, refining data processing methods, and developing an agile version of the CRISP-ML(Q) framework.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012030
C.Z. Soh, Z. Chang, J.Y. Sum, S. P. Yeap, P.V Chai, Z. A. Jawad
This study explores the functionalization of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes using zwitterion-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and assesses their interactions with solutes of different charges, both neutral and anionic. Initially, PES nanocomposite membranes were synthesized, incorporating varying dosages (ranging from 0-1 % (w/w)) of glycine-functionalized graphene oxide (Gly/GO) and diglycine-functionalized graphene oxide (diGly/GO) through a direct blending method. The physicochemical properties, including hydrophilicity, surface morphology, and porosity of these membranes were characterized using sessile-drop contact angle, tabletop scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gravimetric methods, respectively. Subsequently, the antifouling performance of these synthesized membranes was assessed by exposing them to a solution containing sucrose as a neutral model foulant and humic acid as an anionic foulant. The incorporation of zwitterion-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles improved the surface wettability of the nanocomposite membrane, enhancing its resistance to sucrose fouling. This was supported by a reduction in flux declination ratio (e.g., 40.6 % for pristine PES, 29.7 % for 1.0 % (w/w) Gly/GO PES, and 33.1 % for 1.0 % (w/w) diGly/GO PES) and an increase in flux recovery ratio (67.2 % for pristine PES, 79.7 % for 1.0 % (w/w) Gly/GO PES, and 80.0% for 1.0 % (w/w) diGly/GO PES). The improvement in antifouling characteristics is attributed to the formation of a hydration layer on the membrane surface, which inhibits sucrose deposition. However, zwitterion-functionalized PES nanocomposite membranes displayed a higher affinity for anionic humic acid, resulting in a substantial flux decline and a lower flux recovery ratio. Overall, this research provides insights into the roles of surface wettability and the charge interactions between solutes and the membrane surface, both of which are crucial factors in determining fouling severity and the restorability of spent membranes.
本研究探讨了使用齐聚物功能化氧化石墨烯（GO）对聚醚砜（PES）超滤膜进行功能化的问题，并评估了它们与不同电荷（包括中性电荷和阴离子电荷）的溶质之间的相互作用。首先，通过直接混合法合成了聚醚砜纳米复合膜，其中加入了不同剂量（0-1%（w/w）不等）的甘氨酸功能化氧化石墨烯（Gly/GO）和二甘氨酸功能化氧化石墨烯（diGly/GO）。采用无梗水滴接触角、台式扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和重量法分别对这些膜的亲水性、表面形貌和孔隙率等理化性质进行了表征。随后，将这些合成膜暴露在含有蔗糖（中性污垢模型）和腐植酸（阴离子污垢）的溶液中，对其防污性能进行了评估。加入齐聚物功能化的氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒改善了纳米复合膜的表面润湿性，提高了其抗蔗糖污垢的能力。通量衰减率的降低（例如，原生石墨烯膜的通量衰减率为 40.6%）证明了这一点、原始 PES 为 40.6%，1.0%（重量比）Gly/GO PES 为 29.7%，1.0%（重量比）diGly/GO PES 为 33.1%），通量恢复比增加（原始 PES 为 67.2%，1.0%（重量比）Gly/GO PES 为 79.7%，1.0%（重量比）diGly/GO PES 为 80.0%）。防污特性的改善归功于膜表面水合层的形成，它抑制了蔗糖的沉积。然而，齐聚物功能化的 PES 纳米复合膜对阴离子腐植酸的亲和力更高，导致通量大幅下降，通量回收率降低。总之，这项研究深入揭示了表面润湿性和溶质与膜表面之间电荷相互作用的作用，这两者都是决定污垢严重程度和废膜可恢复性的关键因素。
{"title":"Development of zwitterion-functionalized graphene oxide/polyethersulfone nanocomposite membrane and fouling evaluation using solutes of varying charges","authors":"C.Z. Soh, Z. Chang, J.Y. Sum, S. P. Yeap, P.V Chai, Z. A. Jawad","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores the functionalization of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes using zwitterion-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and assesses their interactions with solutes of different charges, both neutral and anionic. Initially, PES nanocomposite membranes were synthesized, incorporating varying dosages (ranging from 0-1 % (w/w)) of glycine-functionalized graphene oxide (Gly/GO) and diglycine-functionalized graphene oxide (diGly/GO) through a direct blending method. The physicochemical properties, including hydrophilicity, surface morphology, and porosity of these membranes were characterized using sessile-drop contact angle, tabletop scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gravimetric methods, respectively. Subsequently, the antifouling performance of these synthesized membranes was assessed by exposing them to a solution containing sucrose as a neutral model foulant and humic acid as an anionic foulant. The incorporation of zwitterion-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles improved the surface wettability of the nanocomposite membrane, enhancing its resistance to sucrose fouling. This was supported by a reduction in flux declination ratio (e.g., 40.6 % for pristine PES, 29.7 % for 1.0 % (w/w) Gly/GO PES, and 33.1 % for 1.0 % (w/w) diGly/GO PES) and an increase in flux recovery ratio (67.2 % for pristine PES, 79.7 % for 1.0 % (w/w) Gly/GO PES, and 80.0% for 1.0 % (w/w) diGly/GO PES). The improvement in antifouling characteristics is attributed to the formation of a hydration layer on the membrane surface, which inhibits sucrose deposition. However, zwitterion-functionalized PES nanocomposite membranes displayed a higher affinity for anionic humic acid, resulting in a substantial flux decline and a lower flux recovery ratio. Overall, this research provides insights into the roles of surface wettability and the charge interactions between solutes and the membrane surface, both of which are crucial factors in determining fouling severity and the restorability of spent membranes.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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