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Analysis and Consideration of Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Therapy 干细胞疗法相关法律问题的分析与思考
Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/50/20240948
Lan Jiang
Stem cell therapy has gained momentum in recent years and has positively and innovatively impacted the biomedical field. This paper uses a comprehensive literature analysis and comparative methodology to compare the differences in the development and regulatory systems of stem cell therapies in the UK and China through the available references. The legal framework for stem cell therapies is more complete in the UK, and the government has invested in a regulatory system that promotes research and development. By contrast, China has had problems with surveillance confusion in the past. In recent years, it has worked to standardize the development of therapies and strengthen the regulatory system. While both countries are improving their censorship, some challenges remain. Based on the challenges analyzed, this paper intends to provide suggestions to those involved in stem cell therapies to develop better in the future.
干细胞疗法近年来发展势头迅猛,对生物医学领域产生了积极而创新的影响。本文采用综合文献分析和比较方法,通过现有参考文献,比较中英两国干细胞疗法发展和监管制度的差异。英国的干细胞疗法法律框架较为完善,政府在促进研究与开发的监管体系方面也进行了投资。相比之下,中国过去存在监管混乱的问题。近年来,中国致力于规范疗法开发,加强监管体系。虽然两国都在改进审查制度,但仍存在一些挑战。基于对这些挑战的分析,本文旨在为干细胞疗法相关人员提供建议,以便在未来更好地发展干细胞疗法。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Musical Arousal on Adolescence Long-term Memory 音乐唤醒对青少年长时记忆的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/45/20230248
Sitong Chen
To examine the effects of different music genres on adolescents' long-term memory. Thirty participants were recruited to take part in the study. First, they were given a list of random letter combinations to memorize while listening to a soothing song or fast-paced rap music. After learning for five minutes, they were given some randomly generated arithmetic questions to complete within two minutes. Then, they did a recognition test on the previously memorized words. Results show that the memory-recalling abilities of the participants while listening to rap or soft music are significantly different. Most participants scored higher in tests with soft music than with rap music. The researcher conclude that it would be beneficial for students to do memorization tasks with relaxing background music because soft music could facilitate the process of information encoding and keep them motivated to study for longer, reducing their stress and anxiety. Students should avoid listening to music with a fast, rhythmic beat while memorizing since this type of music appears distractive. Future research could be conducted with a larger sample size.
研究不同音乐类型对青少年长期记忆的影响。研究招募了 30 名参与者。首先,让他们一边听舒缓的歌曲或快节奏的说唱音乐,一边记忆随机字母组合列表。学习五分钟后,他们要在两分钟内完成一些随机生成的算术题。然后,他们对之前背过的单词进行识别测试。结果显示,听饶舌音乐和轻音乐时,参与者的记忆能力有显著差异。大多数参与者在听轻音乐时的得分高于听说唱音乐时的得分。研究人员得出结论认为,用轻松的背景音乐来完成记忆任务对学生来说是有益的,因为轻音乐可以促进信息编码过程,使他们保持更长时间的学习动力,减轻他们的压力和焦虑。学生在背诵时应避免听节奏明快的音乐,因为这类音乐会分散注意力。今后的研究可以采用更大的样本量。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Age on Short-term Memory 年龄对短期记忆的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/45/20230226
Hou De Zhu
Short-term memory (STM) temporarily stores sensory events, movements, and cognitive information. Several studies have shown that STM can store previously encountered information as memory. Studies show that as age increases, the STM of the individual decreases; however, there is no precise age division for when the decay of STM occurs. In this study, a method of short-term visual memorization of a random sequence of numbers has been used to study the correlation between age and STM, and the age of decay of STM. The result of this study has shown a significant difference in the number of digits recalled between the age groups 1-12 and 65 and above and age groups 13-17 and 65 and above.Similarly, age groups 1-12 and 18-64 differed significantly. We conclude that the increase in age correlates negatively with short-term memory, where the STM and the ability to recall short items decrease as age increases. Potential genetic and physiological mechanisms of the negative correlation between age and STM are discussed.
短时记忆(STM)可暂时储存感官事件、动作和认知信息。多项研究表明,短时记忆可以将以前遇到的信息作为记忆储存起来。研究表明,随着年龄的增长,个体的短时记忆能力会下降;然而,对于短时记忆能力何时衰退,并没有精确的年龄划分。本研究采用随机数字序列的短期视觉记忆方法,研究年龄与 STM 之间的相关性,以及 STM 的衰减年龄。研究结果表明,1-12 岁年龄组和 65 岁及以上年龄组与 13-17 岁年龄组和 65 岁及以上年龄组在记忆的数字数量上存在显著差异,同样,1-12 岁年龄组和 18-64 岁年龄组也存在显著差异。我们的结论是,年龄的增长与短时记忆呈负相关,随着年龄的增长,短时记忆能力和短小项目的回忆能力都会下降。我们还讨论了年龄与 STM 负相关的潜在遗传和生理机制。
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引用次数: 0
The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elders in Chongqing, China 中国重庆老年人轻度认知功能障碍的患病率
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/45/20230228
Yanlin Li, Jie Lyu
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a window to detect dementia, and to screen MCI, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is commonly used. This work investigated the prevalence of MCI in Chongqing elderlies by using MoCA as a tool. One hundred fourteen valid data from older adults ( 55 years, 51.75% males) were recruited for this research. Twelve demographic information were collected, and each participant did one of the two versions of MoCA tests (Beijing 7.1, and the optimized version). They were developed based on the Beijing 7.1 version, and four test sections were optimized to adapt to the native speaking and cultural background. Five risky demographic factors were found. The incidence of MCI detected by the optimized MoCA version was lowered to 83.3% compared to 94.4% in the original version, and the naming section was significantly improved. The significant decrease in the overall prevalence indicates that the optimization of the MoCA has, to some extent, made it more suitable for Chongqing elders. Accordingly, we suggest further professional and detailed improvements to MoCA.
轻度认知障碍(MCI)是发现痴呆的一个窗口,蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)是筛查 MCI 的常用工具。本研究以MoCA为工具,调查了重庆老年人MCI的患病率。本研究收集了 14 名老年人(55 岁,男性占 51.75%)的有效数据。研究人员收集了 12 项人口统计学信息,并对每位受试者进行了两个版本(北京 7.1 版和优化版)的 MoCA 测试。这两个版本是在北京 7.1 版的基础上开发的,并根据母语和文化背景对四个测试部分进行了优化。发现了五种危险的人口统计学因素。优化版MoCA检测出的MCI发生率从原版的94.4%降至83.3%,命名部分也有明显改善。总体患病率的大幅下降表明,MoCA 的优化在一定程度上使其更适合重庆老年人。因此,我们建议进一步对MoCA进行专业、细致的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Decline and Revival: Liberal Party and Liberalism 衰落与复兴:自由党与自由主义
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/46/20230618
Sitong Zhang, Yaqi Yu, Huizi Yang
Among the many political parties influenced by liberalism, the British Liberal Party and the Liberal Democrats are two typical examples of a lineage. In 1906, the Liberal Party won the general election with an absolute majority of the vote, which marked the culmination of the Liberal Party's development. During the following several decades, with the development of British society and politics and the blow of World War I, the Liberal Party gradually lost its political niche in party competition. After World War II, the Liberal Party, led by Thorpe, worked hard to regain its footing. On this basis, this paper focuses on two main questions. What caused the demise of British Liberal Party after the First World War and how did the merger with Social Democratic Party accelerate the revival of the Liberal Party. Using the methodological approach of literature review, this paper will analyse the decline and revival of the Liberals, combining the perspectives of political science and history. It is argued that the decline of British Liberal Party should be attributed to the changing ideology, the rise of Labour as well as the catalysis of World War I. As for the revival of Liberal Party, it is stressed that its merger with Social Democrats in 1988 has been significant in facilitating its vote-winning and transition to parliamentary strength.
在受自由主义影响的众多政党中,英国自由党和自由民主党是一脉相承的两个典型代表。1906 年,自由党以绝对多数票赢得大选,标志着自由党的发展达到顶峰。此后几十年间,随着英国社会和政治的发展以及第一次世界大战的打击,自由党在政党竞争中逐渐失去了自己的政治地位。二战后,自由党在索普的领导下,努力重新站稳脚跟。在此基础上,本文主要探讨两个问题。一战后英国自由党消亡的原因是什么,与社会民主党的合并如何加速了自由党的复兴。本文将采用文献综述的方法,结合政治学和历史学的视角,对自由党的衰落和复兴进行分析。论文认为,英国自由党的衰落应归因于意识形态的变化、工党的崛起以及第一次世界大战的催化。至于自由党的复兴,论文强调,1988 年自由党与社会民主党的合并对其赢得选票和向议会力量过渡具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on the Protection and Inheritance of Local Culture by Teaching Endangered Languages ----Taking Patu as a Case Study 通过教授濒危语言保护和传承地方文化的思考 ----以帕图为例
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/46/20230891
Ruirong Yang, Sipei Wu
Based on the current cases and measures that scholars and governments worldwide put forward, some endangered languages are gaining more and more attention and protection. However, others are remaining in challenge. Hence, finding proper solutions to regain its vitality and discover underlying cultural logic is becoming more and more primary. Under these circumstances, exploring endangered languagePatu, and how to protect it has been put forward in this paper. Analyzing the case of two specific education methods to protect Patu, which are drama and literature, drama can be considered as an oral education that can help local Macanese to acquire and communicate in Patu; literature is the written measure which Macanese can gain qualities of self-belonging and tolerance of differences. Education has an effective influence on endangered language protection. The statements have shown that language acquisition is closely intertwined with identification and culture ascription. It doesnt mean that language is an individual element in society. Instead, it always interacts and cooperates with the whole society. Saving endangered languages not only can keep certain languages but also can bring a positive reaction, which will be beneficial to maintain the vitality and diversity of local culture.
从目前的案例以及世界各国学者和政府提出的措施来看,一些濒危语言正得到越来越多的关注和保护。然而,还有一些濒危语言仍然面临挑战。因此,寻找适当的解决方案,重拾其生命力,发掘其背后的文化逻辑变得越来越重要。在这种情况下,本文提出了对濒危语言 "帕图语 "及其保护方法的探讨。从戏剧和文学这两种保护帕图语的具体教育方式来分析,戏剧可以说是一种口头教育,可以帮助当地的澳门人掌握帕图语并进行交流;文学则是一种书面教育,可以让澳门人获得自我归属和包容差异的品质。教育对濒危语言的保护具有有效的影响。这些论述表明,语言习得与身份认同和文化归属密切相关。这并不意味着语言是社会中的一个单独元素。相反,它总是与整个社会互动和合作。拯救濒危语言不仅可以保留某些语言,还可以带来积极的反响,有利于保持地方文化的活力和多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Foreign Language Anxiety in the Listening and Speaking of Learning English as a Second Language 在英语作为第二语言的听说学习中探究外语焦虑症
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/45/20230539
Siwei He, Shuheng Wang
Foreign language learning anxiety, a psychological and emotional variable, significantly impacts the effectiveness of L2 learners' acquisition. Listening and speaking are the language skills that take up the first two forms in second language learning and the branches that cause the most anxiety among L2 learners. Due to their unique characteristics, reviewing foreign language anxiety in listening and speaking is significant and insightful. This paper examines previous research on listening and speaking anxiety as a second language, analyzes relevant sources and scales, summarizes progress made in these fields, and provides practical strategies for reducing such anxiety. Reviewing and summarizing previous studies, this paper aims to provide language learners with a correct and comprehensive understanding of listening and speaking during language acquisition. Additionally, foreign language instructors are expected to thoroughly comprehend contributing factors to anxiety and implement effective pedagogical strategies, which will have significant implications for enhancing English instruction.
外语学习焦虑作为一种心理和情感变量,极大地影响着第二语言学习者的学习效果。听力和口语是第二语言学习中占前两种形式的语言技能,也是引起第二语言学习者焦虑最多的两个分支。由于听力和口语的特殊性,研究听力和口语中的外语焦虑具有重要意义和深远影响。本文梳理了以往关于第二语言听力和口语焦虑的研究,分析了相关的资料来源和量表,总结了这些领域取得的进展,并提供了减少这种焦虑的实用策略。通过回顾和总结前人的研究,本文旨在让语言学习者对语言习得过程中的听说有一个正确而全面的认识。此外,本文还希望外语教师能够深入理解焦虑的诱因,并实施有效的教学策略,这将对提高英语教学水平产生重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Low Fertility Rate in China 中国低生育率研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/45/20230260
Hezi Gu
This paper recognizes the gradual seriousness of China's low fertility problem and its entry into the low fertility trap through the report "2022 World Population Outlook" released by the United Nations and data from the National Bureau of Statistics. This work analyzes the reasons for China's low fertility problem from three aspects: government policies, economic development, and women's rights. And it is believed that government population policies encourage fertility, alleviate people's economic pressure, and help women balance family and work, which are feasible methods to alleviate China's low fertility rate. This article aims to provide a scientific basis for formulating population policies that are in line with China's national conditions, and to provide ideas and methods for solving the problem of low fertility in China.
本文通过联合国发布的《2022 年世界人口展望》报告和国家统计局的数据,认识到中国低生育率问题逐渐严重,并进入低生育率陷阱。作品从政府政策、经济发展、妇女权益三个方面分析了中国低生育率问题的原因。并认为政府的人口政策鼓励生育,减轻人们的经济压力,帮助妇女平衡家庭与工作,是缓解中国低生育率的可行方法。本文旨在为制定符合中国国情的人口政策提供科学依据,为解决中国低生育率问题提供思路和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Foreign Aid and the Poverty Trap: Increasing Aid Effectiveness by Limiting 外国援助与贫困陷阱:通过限制外国援助提高援助实效
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/46/20230585
Yuchen Feng, Luying Meng, Yatong Lv
This paper explores the practical effectiveness of foreign aid in eradicating poverty in recipient countries. In recent years, poverty traps have become a more common problem in poor countries. The population of many developing countries is in multidimensional poverty, not only facing poor living conditions, but from a macro perspective, countries are difficult to get out of the cycle of poverty due to lack of capital, technology and reasonable institutions. Foreign aid, on the other hand, mainly provides support and help to poor countries in response to these problems, which are also the main aspects of its effectiveness analyzed in this paper. Based on the existing empirical results and theoretical analysis of foreign aid, this paper holds that the effectiveness of foreign aid will change due to the different objective conditions of recipient countries. In general, while it is obvious that foreign aid can promote economic development and infrastructure construction in poor countries, the effectiveness of foreign aid is weakened to some extent due to corruption and unreasonable distribution system in some recipient countries. Therefore, foreign aid should be targeted limited according to the existing problems of recipient countries to improve its effectiveness.
本文探讨了外援在消除受援国贫困方面的实际效果。近年来,贫困陷阱已成为贫困国家较为普遍的问题。许多发展中国家的人口处于多维度的贫困之中,不仅面临着恶劣的生活条件,而且从宏观上看,由于缺乏资金、技术和合理的制度,国家很难摆脱贫困的循环。而对外援助主要是针对这些问题向贫困国家提供支持和帮助,这也是本文分析其有效性的主要方面。基于已有的实证结果和对外援助的理论分析,本文认为对外援助的有效性会因受援国客观条件的不同而发生变化。总体而言,对外援助对促进贫困国家经济发展和基础设施建设的作用是显而易见的,但由于部分受援国存在腐败和分配制度不合理等问题,对外援助的有效性在一定程度上被削弱。因此,应根据受援国存在的问题,有针对性地限制外援,提高外援的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Agricultural Mechanization on Grain Production in China 农业机械化对中国粮食生产的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/46/20230575
Lintian Wang
The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between agricultural mechanization and grain production. Our main country of study is China because it is a large agricultural country, and the choice of China is representative and meaningful. The methodology chosen in this paper is to de-trend the data, which helps us to put aside the time factor to see the relationship that exists between them in a more objective and clear way. The time period of the data that be collected is from 2003 to 2021 because this time period is the period of rapid development of agricultural mechanization in China. The author also details the history of agricultural mechanization in China in the article. Finally, it can be seen that based on the results, agricultural mechanization and grain yield are positively and strongly correlated, and mechanization has a strong impact on grain yield. This paper also provides some policy recommendations for agriculture and farmers based on our research; it can be believed that the policies can really help agriculture because a lot of research has been conducted. The author also hopes that this article will be of some help to readers.
本文的主要目的是研究农业机械化与粮食生产之间的关系。我们的主要研究国家是中国,因为中国是一个农业大国,选择中国进行研究具有代表性和意义。本文选择的方法是对数据进行去趋势化处理,这有助于我们抛开时间因素,更客观、清晰地看待两者之间存在的关系。本文收集数据的时间段为 2003 年至 2021 年,因为这一时期正是中国农业机械化快速发展的时期。作者还在文章中详细介绍了中国农业机械化的发展历程。最后,根据研究结果可以看出,农业机械化与粮食产量呈强正相关,机械化对粮食产量有很大的影响。本文还根据我们的研究为农业和农民提供了一些政策建议;可以相信,这些政策能够真正帮助农业,因为我们已经进行了大量的研究。笔者也希望本文能对读者有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
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Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
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