Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6258
Trilochan Satapathy, Kalpana Sen, Shailesh Sahu, Bharti Pradhan, Ayushi Gupta, Md. Altaf Khan, Dheeraj Kumar, Abinash Satapathy, Neha Yadav
In the present study we have discussed around sixteen different animal models used worldwide for the scientific research and new drug discovery. The main aim of the using experimental animal models in drug discovery is to establish and provide evidence for non-clinical 'proof-of-concept' for the safety, efficacy, and target of interest for specific drug molecules. Experimental preparations developed in one species for the purpose of studying phenomena occurring in another species. The use of experimental animal models serves to better understand the origins, pathology, and the overall nature of comparable diseases of humans being. Similarly, animal models perform duties for in the development of safe and effective treatments and cures of such diseases and/or associated symptoms. Experimental animal models for drug discovery and development have played a major role in the characterization of the pathophysiology of diseases and associated mechanisms of injury, drug target identification, and evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for toxicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics activity. Through animal model researchers can perform experiments that would be impractical or ethically prohibited with humans. There are various animal models used for screening of uncountable therapeutic activities, in this review our main focus is animal models used for peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer is one of the worldwide diseases where 10% of adults are affected by peptic ulcer once in their lifetime. The antiulcer models for drug development against gastric and duodenal ulcer studies are limited in number that has hindered the progress of targeted therapy in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to review the literature on experimental animal models that are used to screen agents with potential anti-gastric ulcer activity and describe their biochemical basis in order to facilitate their use in the development of new preventive and curative antiulcer drugs. There are many models used to induce ulcer such as pylorus ligation or it can be chemically induced by ethanol, NSAIDs (e.g. indomethacin) or many more. In this review paper, current in-vivo animal models of ulcers and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their induction, their drawbacks, as well as the challenges associated with their use have been discussed.
{"title":"Experimental animal models for gastric ulcer / peptic ulcer: An overview","authors":"Trilochan Satapathy, Kalpana Sen, Shailesh Sahu, Bharti Pradhan, Ayushi Gupta, Md. Altaf Khan, Dheeraj Kumar, Abinash Satapathy, Neha Yadav","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6258","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study we have discussed around sixteen different animal models used worldwide for the scientific research and new drug discovery. The main aim of the using experimental animal models in drug discovery is to establish and provide evidence for non-clinical 'proof-of-concept' for the safety, efficacy, and target of interest for specific drug molecules. Experimental preparations developed in one species for the purpose of studying phenomena occurring in another species. The use of experimental animal models serves to better understand the origins, pathology, and the overall nature of comparable diseases of humans being. Similarly, animal models perform duties for in the development of safe and effective treatments and cures of such diseases and/or associated symptoms. Experimental animal models for drug discovery and development have played a major role in the characterization of the pathophysiology of diseases and associated mechanisms of injury, drug target identification, and evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for toxicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics activity. Through animal model researchers can perform experiments that would be impractical or ethically prohibited with humans. There are various animal models used for screening of uncountable therapeutic activities, in this review our main focus is animal models used for peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer is one of the worldwide diseases where 10% of adults are affected by peptic ulcer once in their lifetime. The antiulcer models for drug development against gastric and duodenal ulcer studies are limited in number that has hindered the progress of targeted therapy in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to review the literature on experimental animal models that are used to screen agents with potential anti-gastric ulcer activity and describe their biochemical basis in order to facilitate their use in the development of new preventive and curative antiulcer drugs. There are many models used to induce ulcer such as pylorus ligation or it can be chemically induced by ethanol, NSAIDs (e.g. indomethacin) or many more. In this review paper, current in-vivo animal models of ulcers and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their induction, their drawbacks, as well as the challenges associated with their use have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6266
Abigail Calleja, Janis Vella Szijj, A. Serracino-Inglott, L. Azzopardi
Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. The demand for CBD grew over time with more individuals consuming CBD products due to its potential therapeutic properties. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of Maltese members of the public and health care professionals (HCPs) about CBD, one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. Methods: Surveys aiming to assess the knowledge and perception of the public and HCPs about CBD were developed, validated and disseminated. Results: Four hundred members of the public and 150 HCPs completed questionnaires. Ninety-six percent of participants (n=384) agreed that CBD has a therapeutic effect. Respondents from the general public were mostly knowledgeable about CBD and its use, had positive perceptions in relation to CBD and like HCPs, feel more comfortable if CBD is recommended by HCPs. HCPs were not so knowledgeable about certain aspects on CBD. One hundred and twelve HCPs were not aware that there is only one FDA/EMA approved CBD-based product. HCPs would feel comfortable in prescribing CBD products for pain and insomnia and the majority of them (55%; n=83) believe that CBD has mostly an analgesic effect. Social stigma associated with the use of CBD and potential judgement of HCPs were barriers to CBD use. Conclusion: Increased research, knowledge and availability of prescribing information and guidelines related CBD use might lead to an increased willingness of HCPs to recommend CBD and lead to a decrease in potential barriers associated with its use. Keywords: Cannabidiol, positive perceptions, pain and insomnia
{"title":"Knowledge and perceptions about Cannabidiol use","authors":"Abigail Calleja, Janis Vella Szijj, A. Serracino-Inglott, L. Azzopardi","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6266","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. The demand for CBD grew over time with more individuals consuming CBD products due to its potential therapeutic properties. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of Maltese members of the public and health care professionals (HCPs) about CBD, one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. Methods: Surveys aiming to assess the knowledge and perception of the public and HCPs about CBD were developed, validated and disseminated. Results: Four hundred members of the public and 150 HCPs completed questionnaires. Ninety-six percent of participants (n=384) agreed that CBD has a therapeutic effect. Respondents from the general public were mostly knowledgeable about CBD and its use, had positive perceptions in relation to CBD and like HCPs, feel more comfortable if CBD is recommended by HCPs. HCPs were not so knowledgeable about certain aspects on CBD. One hundred and twelve HCPs were not aware that there is only one FDA/EMA approved CBD-based product. HCPs would feel comfortable in prescribing CBD products for pain and insomnia and the majority of them (55%; n=83) believe that CBD has mostly an analgesic effect. Social stigma associated with the use of CBD and potential judgement of HCPs were barriers to CBD use. Conclusion: Increased research, knowledge and availability of prescribing information and guidelines related CBD use might lead to an increased willingness of HCPs to recommend CBD and lead to a decrease in potential barriers associated with its use. \u0000Keywords: Cannabidiol, positive perceptions, pain and insomnia","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"116 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6345
N. Elmubarak, Y. Ibrahim, Abbas Gareeballah, Nada Sanhouri
Background: The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention isenhanced by its ability to reduce demineralization, promote remineralization, and antibacterial properties against streptococcus mutans. Interestingly, Gum Arabic has a remineralization effect similar to that of sodium fluoride. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Gum Arabic processed by two methods against Streptococcus mutans and compare it to the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of sodium fluoride in order to compare their caries prevention capability. Design: Antibacterial susceptibility tests for 200mg ethanolic extracts of mechanically ground and spray-dried Gum Arabic, as well as sodium fluoride at concentrations of 0.05% and 1.23% against S. mutans (ATCC 25175) were performed using the agar disc diffusion method. Chlorhexidine and Antibiotic multi-disc for gram-positive bacteria were used as positive controls, while ethanol 20% as a negative control. The diameters of the inhibition zones were measured for all the materials under investigation. Results: The diameters of the inhibition zones of the spray-dried and the mechanically ground Gum Arabic were (10.67 mm & 9.67mm), respectively, almost approximating each other. In comparison, sodium fluoride (0.05% wash and 1.23% gel) showed inhibition zones of diameters (0mm& 2.33mm), respectively. Gum Arabic, with both processing methods, exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans than sodium fluoride (0.05%, 1.23%) Conclusion: Gum Arabic, either mechanically ground or spray-dried, is a partially active antibacterial against S. mutans. Gum Arabic is a more potent antibacterial against S. mutans than sodium fluoride. Keywords: Gum Arabic, Anti-caries, Sodium fluoride, Streptococcus mutans, Antibacterial activity
{"title":"Gum Arabic: Can it replace sodium fluoride in toothpaste? “Comparison of their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans”","authors":"N. Elmubarak, Y. Ibrahim, Abbas Gareeballah, Nada Sanhouri","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6345","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention isenhanced by its ability to reduce demineralization, promote remineralization, and antibacterial properties against streptococcus mutans. Interestingly, Gum Arabic has a remineralization effect similar to that of sodium fluoride. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Gum Arabic processed by two methods against Streptococcus mutans and compare it to the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of sodium fluoride in order to compare their caries prevention capability. \u0000Design: Antibacterial susceptibility tests for 200mg ethanolic extracts of mechanically ground and spray-dried Gum Arabic, as well as sodium fluoride at concentrations of 0.05% and 1.23% against S. mutans (ATCC 25175) were performed using the agar disc diffusion method. Chlorhexidine and Antibiotic multi-disc for gram-positive bacteria were used as positive controls, while ethanol 20% as a negative control. The diameters of the inhibition zones were measured for all the materials under investigation. \u0000Results: The diameters of the inhibition zones of the spray-dried and the mechanically ground Gum Arabic were (10.67 mm & 9.67mm), respectively, almost approximating each other. In comparison, sodium fluoride (0.05% wash and 1.23% gel) showed inhibition zones of diameters (0mm& 2.33mm), respectively. \u0000Gum Arabic, with both processing methods, exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans than sodium fluoride (0.05%, 1.23%) \u0000Conclusion: Gum Arabic, either mechanically ground or spray-dried, is a partially active antibacterial against S. mutans. Gum Arabic is a more potent antibacterial against S. mutans than sodium fluoride. \u0000Keywords: Gum Arabic, Anti-caries, Sodium fluoride, Streptococcus mutans, Antibacterial activity","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6271
King Akpofure Nelson Esievo, Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun, John Wassagwa, Kingsley Oghenerukevwe Esievo, Lauretta Oghenekevwe Esievo, Edith Monica Esievo, Dahiru Sani, E. O. Uyovbisere
Objectives: Anogeissus leiocarpus stem bark is endowed with numerous antidiabetic properties, such as its prognostic value, treatment of organic damages, dyslipidaemia and enhancement of haematopoiesis. In addition to its antioxidant activity on oxidative stress, it accelerated wound healing and has a wide range of safety value. From the purification of its compounds to the points of crystallization it became necessary to analyse the structures for an insight into its mechanisms of actions. Design: Ethanolic extracts were partitioned with ethyl acetate, onto column chromatography packed with silica gel (70-230 mesh) mixed with 95% n-hexane and 5% ethyl acetate; concentrated fractions were loaded onto silica gel-coated thin layer chromatographic plate. Different compounds were observed under UV-light fluorescence and sprayed with sulfuric acid. Similar fractions were pooled, purified to crystals for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance structural analysis. Results: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance revealed fraction A is Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene anti-inflammatory compound. Conclusion: Lupeol in the crude ethanolic extract is significant in inflammatory pain of diabetes. Keywords: Lupeol, Anti-inflammatory, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Purified extract, inflammatory pain, Diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Antiinflammatory Lupeol and Antidiabetic Compound Coexist in Ethyl Acetate and n-Hexane Extracts from Stem Bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (African Birch Tree): The Therapeutic Advantages","authors":"King Akpofure Nelson Esievo, Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun, John Wassagwa, Kingsley Oghenerukevwe Esievo, Lauretta Oghenekevwe Esievo, Edith Monica Esievo, Dahiru Sani, E. O. Uyovbisere","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6271","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Anogeissus leiocarpus stem bark is endowed with numerous antidiabetic properties, such as its prognostic value, treatment of organic damages, dyslipidaemia and enhancement of haematopoiesis. In addition to its antioxidant activity on oxidative stress, it accelerated wound healing and has a wide range of safety value. From the purification of its compounds to the points of crystallization it became necessary to analyse the structures for an insight into its mechanisms of actions. \u0000Design: Ethanolic extracts were partitioned with ethyl acetate, onto column chromatography packed with silica gel (70-230 mesh) mixed with 95% n-hexane and 5% ethyl acetate; concentrated fractions were loaded onto silica gel-coated thin layer chromatographic plate. Different compounds were observed under UV-light fluorescence and sprayed with sulfuric acid. Similar fractions were pooled, purified to crystals for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance structural analysis. \u0000Results: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance revealed fraction A is Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene anti-inflammatory compound. \u0000Conclusion: Lupeol in the crude ethanolic extract is significant in inflammatory pain of diabetes. \u0000Keywords: Lupeol, Anti-inflammatory, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Purified extract, inflammatory pain, Diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"20 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6347
Krishnan Harish, S. M. Sivasankaran, Shanmugam Manoharan
Medicinal herbs have long been utilized by numerous countries, ethnic groups, and cultures across the globe to treat various diseases since ancient times. A variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, proteins, chlorophyll, phytosterols, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and diterpenes, as well as minerals, vitamins and other crucial nutrients are abundantly found in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants and herbs are very useful for developing new drugs due to their potent pharmacological properties. Traditional Indian system of medicines consists of a wealth of information on medicinal plants, which contributed to developing therapies for communicable and non-communicable diseases. The present review summarizes the pharmacological characteristics such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of some valuable medicinal plants and herbs. Keywords: Indian medicinal plants; Bioactive constituents; Pharmacological efficacies.
{"title":"Indian Medicinal Plants with Multiple Pharmacological Efficacies: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Krishnan Harish, S. M. Sivasankaran, Shanmugam Manoharan","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6347","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal herbs have long been utilized by numerous countries, ethnic groups, and cultures across the globe to treat various diseases since ancient times. A variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, proteins, chlorophyll, phytosterols, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and diterpenes, as well as minerals, vitamins and other crucial nutrients are abundantly found in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants and herbs are very useful for developing new drugs due to their potent pharmacological properties. Traditional Indian system of medicines consists of a wealth of information on medicinal plants, which contributed to developing therapies for communicable and non-communicable diseases. The present review summarizes the pharmacological characteristics such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of some valuable medicinal plants and herbs. \u0000Keywords: Indian medicinal plants; Bioactive constituents; Pharmacological efficacies.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6373
Tripura Sundari I Bala, C.V.S Subramanyam
Engineered nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases like HIV/AIDS. Etravirine is one of the key components of highly active antiretroviral therapy used for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate nanostructured lipid carriers of etravirine, intended for targeted delivery to macrophages, using solvent emulsification - evaporation technique. Estimates of drug solubility were employed for selection of solid lipids, liquid lipids and stabilizers for the preparation of NLCs. Design of experiments was used to optimize the formulation with respect to drug-lipid ratio and concentration of stabilizer in the external phase using 32 full factorial design. Particle size of the carriers and drug release characteristics were the responses which were set to suitable levels for optimization. The optimized formulation was prepared and characterized for size, poly dispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and appearance. The nanostructured lipid carriers of etravirine were prepared using stearylamine and glyceryl monostearate as solid lipids, Capryol 90 as liquid lipid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as stabilizer. All experimental batches showed high drug loading efficiencies nearing 99%, indicating that etravirine remained closely associated with the lipids. The nanostructured lipid carriers displayed a zeta potential of -10.1 mv and a particle size of 261.6 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.374. In vitro release of etravirine from the optimized formulation at 2 h was 9% indicative of a low burst; and 56% of the entrapped drug was released after 24 h, suggesting prolonged release characteristics. Thus, etravirine loaded lipidic nanoparticles with potential for targeting cellular reservoirs of the AIDS virus such as macrophages were successfully developed. Keywords: Etravirine, Nanostructured lipid carriers, full factorial design
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Lipid Based Nanoparticles of Etravirine","authors":"Tripura Sundari I Bala, C.V.S Subramanyam","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6373","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases like HIV/AIDS. Etravirine is one of the key components of highly active antiretroviral therapy used for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate nanostructured lipid carriers of etravirine, intended for targeted delivery to macrophages, using solvent emulsification - evaporation technique. Estimates of drug solubility were employed for selection of solid lipids, liquid lipids and stabilizers for the preparation of NLCs. Design of experiments was used to optimize the formulation with respect to drug-lipid ratio and concentration of stabilizer in the external phase using 32 full factorial design. Particle size of the carriers and drug release characteristics were the responses which were set to suitable levels for optimization. The optimized formulation was prepared and characterized for size, poly dispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and appearance. The nanostructured lipid carriers of etravirine were prepared using stearylamine and glyceryl monostearate as solid lipids, Capryol 90 as liquid lipid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as stabilizer. All experimental batches showed high drug loading efficiencies nearing 99%, indicating that etravirine remained closely associated with the lipids. The nanostructured lipid carriers displayed a zeta potential of -10.1 mv and a particle size of 261.6 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.374. In vitro release of etravirine from the optimized formulation at 2 h was 9% indicative of a low burst; and 56% of the entrapped drug was released after 24 h, suggesting prolonged release characteristics. Thus, etravirine loaded lipidic nanoparticles with potential for targeting cellular reservoirs of the AIDS virus such as macrophages were successfully developed. \u0000Keywords: Etravirine, Nanostructured lipid carriers, full factorial design","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6380
Sowbhagya Chanaveerappa Kumbar, Sri Nagesh K.A
Shodhana-shamana is one of the treatment classifications in Ayurveda. Medicines for Shodhana can be administered in single drug or combination form. The explanation regarding formulations has been dealt in Ayurveda. Though single drugs have been indicated in various disorders, they may fail to target every stage of disease and may therefore fail in treatment. Thus, the permutation and combination of drugs can act efficiently and target every stage of disease. In the Charaka Samhita Chikitsasthana, shodhana yogas are briefly described for specific ailments, however in the Kalpasthana, dravyavikalpa are extensively explained for shodhana. It is difficult to understand choice of dravyavikalpa as there is no direct description on mode and site of action of yogas mentioned. Hence there is a need for proper understanding of the mode and site of action of various dravyavikalpa. Understanding a specific combination and its kalpana helps one understand how medicines are targeted at vitiated doshas and sthanasamshraya. To illustrate the same, Dravyavikalpa for panduroga mentioned in Charaka Samhita Kalpasthana has been taken as an example. In this study an effort will be made to analyze mode and site of action of Dravyavikalpa mentioned in Charaka Samhita Kalpasthana. Keywords: Dravyavikalpa, kalpana vishesha, pandu roga
{"title":"Unveiling the Mode of Action of Dravya Vikalpa","authors":"Sowbhagya Chanaveerappa Kumbar, Sri Nagesh K.A","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6380","url":null,"abstract":"Shodhana-shamana is one of the treatment classifications in Ayurveda. Medicines for Shodhana can be administered in single drug or combination form. The explanation regarding formulations has been dealt in Ayurveda. Though single drugs have been indicated in various disorders, they may fail to target every stage of disease and may therefore fail in treatment. Thus, the permutation and combination of drugs can act efficiently and target every stage of disease. In the Charaka Samhita Chikitsasthana, shodhana yogas are briefly described for specific ailments, however in the Kalpasthana, dravyavikalpa are extensively explained for shodhana. It is difficult to understand choice of dravyavikalpa as there is no direct description on mode and site of action of yogas mentioned. Hence there is a need for proper understanding of the mode and site of action of various dravyavikalpa. Understanding a specific combination and its kalpana helps one understand how medicines are targeted at vitiated doshas and sthanasamshraya. To illustrate the same, Dravyavikalpa for panduroga mentioned in Charaka Samhita Kalpasthana has been taken as an example. In this study an effort will be made to analyze mode and site of action of Dravyavikalpa mentioned in Charaka Samhita Kalpasthana. \u0000Keywords: Dravyavikalpa, kalpana vishesha, pandu roga","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6186
R. Mahendra Kumar, Kumbar Rajeshwari, S. Sandeep, B. S. Sudarshan, B. K. Rakshith
Objective: To compare the effect of both CBT and Meditation in chronic lower back pain patients. Method: Participants fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria and who are between the age group of 35-50 years with CLBP were included. Numerical pain rating scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) was used for the participant selection. The participants were further divided into three groups and 4-week intervention of conventional physiotherapeutic exercise, meditation and CBT, was given to the participants. Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were used as outcome measures. Results: 40 chronic back pain patients were enrolled and randomized. All enrolled participants completed baseline tests, providing cross-sectional data for this study. Simple randomization allocated 14 patients to the control group and 13 patients each to Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2. Significant within-group improvements occurred on the Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry scores between baseline and final visits for all groups. However, the experimental groups showed significantly greater decreases in pain intensity versus controls, evidenced by reduced mean Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry scores at follow-up. One-way ANOVA and Welch tests revealed significantly reduced Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry scores after treatment across groups. Both tests yielded statistically significant p-values <0.01. Conclusion: The findings show that meditation and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are beneficial in reducing pain. As a result, for patients with persistent low back pain, taking into consideration these two treatment techniques is critical. Keywords: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Chronic Pain, Oswestry Questionnaire
{"title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and meditation in the treatment of persistent low back pain: Interventional Study","authors":"R. Mahendra Kumar, Kumbar Rajeshwari, S. Sandeep, B. S. Sudarshan, B. K. Rakshith","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6186","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effect of both CBT and Meditation in chronic lower back pain patients. \u0000Method: Participants fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria and who are between the age group of 35-50 years with CLBP were included. Numerical pain rating scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) was used for the participant selection. The participants were further divided into three groups and 4-week intervention of conventional physiotherapeutic exercise, meditation and CBT, was given to the participants. Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were used as outcome measures. \u0000Results: 40 chronic back pain patients were enrolled and randomized. All enrolled participants completed baseline tests, providing cross-sectional data for this study. Simple randomization allocated 14 patients to the control group and 13 patients each to Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2. Significant within-group improvements occurred on the Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry scores between baseline and final visits for all groups. However, the experimental groups showed significantly greater decreases in pain intensity versus controls, evidenced by reduced mean Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry scores at follow-up. One-way ANOVA and Welch tests revealed significantly reduced Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry scores after treatment across groups. Both tests yielded statistically significant p-values <0.01. \u0000Conclusion: The findings show that meditation and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are beneficial in reducing pain. As a result, for patients with persistent low back pain, taking into consideration these two treatment techniques is critical. \u0000Keywords: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Chronic Pain, Oswestry Questionnaire","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6168
Shubham Wani, Rekha Gour, Anant K. Patel
A number of plants are used traditionally in different medical conditions by practitioners of traditional medicines but their claim is not yet evaluated scientifically in laboratory animals. Based on the ethnomedical claims made by the Unani health practitioners, the Clarke rhizomes of Doronicum Hookeri was evaluated for analgesics activity in rats to confirm its claim. The successive plant extraction was carried out using Soxhlet apparatus by employing ethanol as a solvent of the dried rhizomes of Doronicum Hookeri. The % yield of extracted compound was 28.27% w/w. The qualitative preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic content, terpenoids and volatile oils in the rhizomes of ethanolic extract of D. Hookeri. The extract was orally administered in rats at low dose and high dose (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) and was evaluated using Eddy’s Hot Plate Method in rats for analgesics activity. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) and was taken as a standard drug. The maximum possible analgesia % of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of D. Hookeri were found to be highest at a dose of 400mg/kg which showed 68.95% and 80% analgesia at 45 minute and 60 minute which when compared to Diclofenac sodium showed 73.28% and 85.71% at 45 minute and 60 minutes. The analgesic efficacy of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of D. Hookeri showed significant analgesic activity (p<0.04) in dose dependent manner at different time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. This asserts ethnomedical claims of some tribes regarding the analgesic activity of this plant. Keywords - Analgesics, eddy’s hot plate, D. Hookeri, Diclofenac sodium.
{"title":"In-vivo Pharmacological Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Doronicum hookeri Clarke Rhizomes in Wistar Rats","authors":"Shubham Wani, Rekha Gour, Anant K. Patel","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6168","url":null,"abstract":"A number of plants are used traditionally in different medical conditions by practitioners of traditional medicines but their claim is not yet evaluated scientifically in laboratory animals. Based on the ethnomedical claims made by the Unani health practitioners, the Clarke rhizomes of Doronicum Hookeri was evaluated for analgesics activity in rats to confirm its claim. The successive plant extraction was carried out using Soxhlet apparatus by employing ethanol as a solvent of the dried rhizomes of Doronicum Hookeri. The % yield of extracted compound was 28.27% w/w. The qualitative preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic content, terpenoids and volatile oils in the rhizomes of ethanolic extract of D. Hookeri. The extract was orally administered in rats at low dose and high dose (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) and was evaluated using Eddy’s Hot Plate Method in rats for analgesics activity. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) and was taken as a standard drug. The maximum possible analgesia % of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of D. Hookeri were found to be highest at a dose of 400mg/kg which showed 68.95% and 80% analgesia at 45 minute and 60 minute which when compared to Diclofenac sodium showed 73.28% and 85.71% at 45 minute and 60 minutes. The analgesic efficacy of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of D. Hookeri showed significant analgesic activity (p<0.04) in dose dependent manner at different time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. This asserts ethnomedical claims of some tribes regarding the analgesic activity of this plant. \u0000Keywords - Analgesics, eddy’s hot plate, D. Hookeri, Diclofenac sodium.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6183
B. Archana, Palla Vishwada, Yallapragada Sahithi Sri Charani, Dadi Sneha Shri
Conducting a prospective study on kidney impairment caused by pioglitazone at tertiary care hospitals is the study's goal. The goal is to assess Pioglitazone, mortality, quality of life, and the degree of the medication's harmful side effects in diabetic patients. According to the "Pioglitazone-induced kidney injury" prospective study. Out of 350 trial participants, prolonged pioglitazone use in diabetic patients has been shown to raise serum creatinine levels by up to 11%. Additionally, individuals who have been using pioglitazone for six to ten years are more likely to experience renal injury, with males in the 50–60 year age range being the most common victims. Keywords: Pioglitazone, diabetic, prospective, tertiary care, hospital.
{"title":"To Conduct a Prospective Study on Pioglitazone Induced Kidney Injury in Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"B. Archana, Palla Vishwada, Yallapragada Sahithi Sri Charani, Dadi Sneha Shri","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i1.6183","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting a prospective study on kidney impairment caused by pioglitazone at tertiary care hospitals is the study's goal. The goal is to assess Pioglitazone, mortality, quality of life, and the degree of the medication's harmful side effects in diabetic patients. According to the \"Pioglitazone-induced kidney injury\" prospective study. Out of 350 trial participants, prolonged pioglitazone use in diabetic patients has been shown to raise serum creatinine levels by up to 11%. Additionally, individuals who have been using pioglitazone for six to ten years are more likely to experience renal injury, with males in the 50–60 year age range being the most common victims. \u0000Keywords: Pioglitazone, diabetic, prospective, tertiary care, hospital.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"108 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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