Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6464
A. Bhageerathy, V. Prasanth
This study aimed to develop and evaluate an ocular, prolonged-release cubogel formulation of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MX) to treat conjunctivitis. Using glycerol monooleate and poloxamer 407 in varying concentrations, a cubosome containing the antibiotic MX was developed using a top-down approach. Further, by dispersing optimized cubosomes in a cold in-situ gelling system, MX cubogels were prepared. Following Higuchi's release kinetic model, formulations MA4, MA8, MA11, and MA14 released 95.84, 95.77, 97.45, and 97.68% of MX after 12 hours. The in-vitro corneal permeation study showed that the goat cornea absorbed 81% of MX cubogel than conventional formulations. From the results of antibacterial and histopathological studies, the selected formulations were safe for ocular administration. This study concluded that MX cubogel may be a suitable alternative to conventional eye drops due to its increased permeability and sustained release characteristics. Keywords: Conjunctivitis, Cubosome, Glycerol monooleate, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride Poloxamer 407
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Loaded Cubosomal Gel for Ocular Delivery","authors":"A. Bhageerathy, V. Prasanth","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6464","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop and evaluate an ocular, prolonged-release cubogel formulation of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MX) to treat conjunctivitis. Using glycerol monooleate and poloxamer 407 in varying concentrations, a cubosome containing the antibiotic MX was developed using a top-down approach. Further, by dispersing optimized cubosomes in a cold in-situ gelling system, MX cubogels were prepared. Following Higuchi's release kinetic model, formulations MA4, MA8, MA11, and MA14 released 95.84, 95.77, 97.45, and 97.68% of MX after 12 hours. The in-vitro corneal permeation study showed that the goat cornea absorbed 81% of MX cubogel than conventional formulations. From the results of antibacterial and histopathological studies, the selected formulations were safe for ocular administration. This study concluded that MX cubogel may be a suitable alternative to conventional eye drops due to its increased permeability and sustained release characteristics. \u0000Keywords: Conjunctivitis, Cubosome, Glycerol monooleate, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride Poloxamer 407","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"5 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive review aims to explore the future potential of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems for the administration of drugs through the nasal route. Nasal drug delivery has gained significant attention due to its numerous advantages, including rapid absorption, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and non-invasive administration. This review provides an overview of the nasal anatomy and physiology, highlighting the factors influencing drug absorption and bioavailability. Additionally, it discusses the various types of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems, such as nasal sprays, powders, and gels, along with their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the review delves into the challenges associated with nasal drug delivery, including mucociliary clearance, nasal irritation, and formulation issues. The potential applications of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems in the treatment of various diseases, such as allergies, respiratory disorders, and systemic conditions, are also discussed. Finally, the review concludes with an outlook on the future prospects of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems, emphasising the need for further research and development to optimise their efficacy and safety. Keywords: nasal pulmonary; nasal spray; nasal mucosa; gels; drops; nasal approaches; nasal route; nasal delivery.
{"title":"The Comprehensive Review: Exploring Future Potential of Nasopulmonary Drug Delivery Systems for Nasal Route Drug Administration","authors":"Rahul Pal, Prachi Pandey, Manju Koli, Khushi Srivastava, Vaisanavi Tiwari, Aman Kumar Gaur, Prottay Dutta","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6444","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review aims to explore the future potential of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems for the administration of drugs through the nasal route. Nasal drug delivery has gained significant attention due to its numerous advantages, including rapid absorption, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and non-invasive administration. This review provides an overview of the nasal anatomy and physiology, highlighting the factors influencing drug absorption and bioavailability. Additionally, it discusses the various types of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems, such as nasal sprays, powders, and gels, along with their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the review delves into the challenges associated with nasal drug delivery, including mucociliary clearance, nasal irritation, and formulation issues. The potential applications of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems in the treatment of various diseases, such as allergies, respiratory disorders, and systemic conditions, are also discussed. Finally, the review concludes with an outlook on the future prospects of nasopulmonary drug delivery systems, emphasising the need for further research and development to optimise their efficacy and safety. \u0000Keywords: nasal pulmonary; nasal spray; nasal mucosa; gels; drops; nasal approaches; nasal route; nasal delivery.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"25 69","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6462
Stefan Lukas, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Y. Aldi, F. Wahyuni
Background: Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID -19 pandemic and one of the vaccines that got permitted to used is AstraZeneca Vaccine. The base of the AstraZeneca is the viral vector vaccine. This vaccine has a more advanced method that uses a modified virus to trigger antibodies to make herd immunity for people. Objective: To found correlation between antibody titer than the incidence of Covid infection after complete dose vaccination base on sociodemographics Method: Observasional prospective Cohort method was use in this study with a convenience sampling design. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old (n=113) who were vaccinated at UTA 45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID -19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consents. Results: there were 43 (38%) respondents infected Covid-19 after vaccinated full dosesConclusion: Base on this study, it was found that there was a correlation between sociodemographics after vaccinated full doses AstraZeneca, gender, age, comorbid, smoking, and drinking than infected Covid -19 (P-value < 0.05)). Keywords: Astrazeneca vaccine, Antibody titer, COVID-19.
{"title":"Relationship between antibody titer than the Incidence of Infection After Complete Dose of COVID-19 Astrazeneca Vaccination Based on Sociodemographics","authors":"Stefan Lukas, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Y. Aldi, F. Wahyuni","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6462","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID -19 pandemic and one of the vaccines that got permitted to used is AstraZeneca Vaccine. The base of the AstraZeneca is the viral vector vaccine. This vaccine has a more advanced method that uses a modified virus to trigger antibodies to make herd immunity for people. Objective: To found correlation between antibody titer than the incidence of Covid infection after complete dose vaccination base on sociodemographics Method: Observasional prospective Cohort method was use in this study with a convenience sampling design. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old (n=113) who were vaccinated at UTA 45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID -19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consents. Results: there were 43 (38%) respondents infected Covid-19 after vaccinated full dosesConclusion: Base on this study, it was found that there was a correlation between sociodemographics after vaccinated full doses AstraZeneca, gender, age, comorbid, smoking, and drinking than infected Covid -19 (P-value < 0.05)). \u0000Keywords: Astrazeneca vaccine, Antibody titer, COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"18 71","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A zoonotic orthopoxvirus called human monkeypox has symptoms that resemble smallpox. When people come into contact with diseased animals, they may unintentionally contract monkeypox. According to reports, the virus can also spread through close physical contact, such as skin-to-skin contact or sexual contact, respiratory droplets, and by household items like towels and blankets. There are numerous medical countermeasures on hand for orthopoxviruses like monkeypox. Monkeypox, which originated in western and central Africa, has lately been found in a integer of nations, counting Spain, Canada, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Despite its extremely low incidence rate, it nonetheless poses a serious concern that needs to be addressed as soon as possible because of the strong likelihood that it will spread to many other nations. Outside of endemic areas, the danger of monkeypox transmission in medical settings is not well known. One recorded instance of transmission was found after a quick assessment of the literature from 2000 to 2022, which also included cases outside of areas where monkeypox is endemic. It is unusual for monkeypox to recur in non-endemic nations. It is a zoonosis that can extend from animal to human and from human to human, and it has clinical characteristics comparable to smallpox. The latest outbreaks may be attributed to lowered resistance to the orthopoxviruses, movement of people from widespread to non-endemic areas, hereditary alterations in the viral genome, and diminished observation. Transmission and pathogenicity could be avoided with the use of a multifaceted strategy that includes health education, monitoring human mobility, the development of diagnostic tools, and an efficient vaccination. Keywords: Monkeypox, Outbreak, Orthopoxvirus, Epidemiology, Vaccination, Virology, Public health, Preventive measures
{"title":"Outbreak Over Monkey Pox Virus in Human: Immediate Countermeasures from the Endemic to Non-Endemic Regions","authors":"Sameeksha Jain, Megha Jha, Anjali Singh, Rashmi Haldkar, Deepak Kumar Jain","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6472","url":null,"abstract":"A zoonotic orthopoxvirus called human monkeypox has symptoms that resemble smallpox. When people come into contact with diseased animals, they may unintentionally contract monkeypox. According to reports, the virus can also spread through close physical contact, such as skin-to-skin contact or sexual contact, respiratory droplets, and by household items like towels and blankets. There are numerous medical countermeasures on hand for orthopoxviruses like monkeypox. Monkeypox, which originated in western and central Africa, has lately been found in a integer of nations, counting Spain, Canada, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Despite its extremely low incidence rate, it nonetheless poses a serious concern that needs to be addressed as soon as possible because of the strong likelihood that it will spread to many other nations. Outside of endemic areas, the danger of monkeypox transmission in medical settings is not well known. One recorded instance of transmission was found after a quick assessment of the literature from 2000 to 2022, which also included cases outside of areas where monkeypox is endemic. It is unusual for monkeypox to recur in non-endemic nations. It is a zoonosis that can extend from animal to human and from human to human, and it has clinical characteristics comparable to smallpox. The latest outbreaks may be attributed to lowered resistance to the orthopoxviruses, movement of people from widespread to non-endemic areas, hereditary alterations in the viral genome, and diminished observation. Transmission and pathogenicity could be avoided with the use of a multifaceted strategy that includes health education, monitoring human mobility, the development of diagnostic tools, and an efficient vaccination. \u0000Keywords: Monkeypox, Outbreak, Orthopoxvirus, Epidemiology, Vaccination, Virology, Public health, Preventive measures","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"104 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6450
Pardeep Kaur, Ritu Rani, A. Singh, A. Singh
In recent times, there has been a significant shift towards developing targeted biological substances for the treatment of infectious diseases and vaccination. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, known as niosomes, have emerged as a distinctive vesicular structure in contemporary drug delivery methods due to their biological breakdown, compatibility, chemical resistance, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing and preservation, and low toxicity. The progress in nanocarrier technology has garnered attention for its safety and associated advantages, including enhanced therapeutic administration with diverse pharmacological effects, improved targeting capabilities, and reduced side effects. Niosomes serve as vesicular carriers for drugs, composed of non-ionized surfactants, cholesterol or analogs, and charged molecules that enable controlled and targeted drug delivery. They are categorized as unilamellar, oligolamellar, or multilamellar structures. This comprehensive review article provides an overview of niosomes, covering their structure, types, formulation methods, characterization, advantages and disadvantages, preparation techniques, influencing factors, evaluation criteria, applications, and currently available formulations in the market. Keywords: Niosomes, drug delivery system, methods of Preparation, Applications.
{"title":"An Overview of Niosomes","authors":"Pardeep Kaur, Ritu Rani, A. Singh, A. Singh","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6450","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there has been a significant shift towards developing targeted biological substances for the treatment of infectious diseases and vaccination. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, known as niosomes, have emerged as a distinctive vesicular structure in contemporary drug delivery methods due to their biological breakdown, compatibility, chemical resistance, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing and preservation, and low toxicity. The progress in nanocarrier technology has garnered attention for its safety and associated advantages, including enhanced therapeutic administration with diverse pharmacological effects, improved targeting capabilities, and reduced side effects. Niosomes serve as vesicular carriers for drugs, composed of non-ionized surfactants, cholesterol or analogs, and charged molecules that enable controlled and targeted drug delivery. They are categorized as unilamellar, oligolamellar, or multilamellar structures. This comprehensive review article provides an overview of niosomes, covering their structure, types, formulation methods, characterization, advantages and disadvantages, preparation techniques, influencing factors, evaluation criteria, applications, and currently available formulations in the market. \u0000Keywords: Niosomes, drug delivery system, methods of Preparation, Applications.","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"13 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6478
Pallav Dave
The burden of dealing with HBV and HCV still remain despite the progress that has been made in screening, vaccination, and treating the infections. On average, there about 354 million cases of hepatitis globally. Hepatitis has high mortality rates. On average, 1.1 million people lose their lives to the infections each year. Addressing hepatitis requires rigorous measures one of them being increasing screening. Hepatitis infections are identified through screening. As such, screening and taking the right preventative and treatment measures can help to reduce the risk of infections. However, screening is still a challenge. The number of people who screen for hepatitis remains low despite the efforts that have been put in place to increase uptake. The uptake of screening is low because of inadequate access to screening centers. Thus, increasing screening settings can help to increase uptake. Community pharmacies can help to bridge this barrier by making screening more accessible. They are accessible and in close proximity to vulnerable populations, which makes them ideal as screening settings. This review explores the potential of community pharmacies as screening settings for HBV and HCV and whether they can help to reduce the rate of infections. Keywords: screening, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, community pharmacies
{"title":"Hepatitis Screening in Community Pharmacies as a Measure of Reducing the Rate of Infections","authors":"Pallav Dave","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6478","url":null,"abstract":"The burden of dealing with HBV and HCV still remain despite the progress that has been made in screening, vaccination, and treating the infections. On average, there about 354 million cases of hepatitis globally. Hepatitis has high mortality rates. On average, 1.1 million people lose their lives to the infections each year. Addressing hepatitis requires rigorous measures one of them being increasing screening. Hepatitis infections are identified through screening. As such, screening and taking the right preventative and treatment measures can help to reduce the risk of infections. However, screening is still a challenge. The number of people who screen for hepatitis remains low despite the efforts that have been put in place to increase uptake. The uptake of screening is low because of inadequate access to screening centers. Thus, increasing screening settings can help to increase uptake. Community pharmacies can help to bridge this barrier by making screening more accessible. They are accessible and in close proximity to vulnerable populations, which makes them ideal as screening settings. This review explores the potential of community pharmacies as screening settings for HBV and HCV and whether they can help to reduce the rate of infections. \u0000Keywords: screening, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, community pharmacies","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"70 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6455
H. Sekijima, Yutaro Hazama, Soichiro Kimura, Yasunori Morimoto, Hideo Ueda
Objectives: In this study, we determined how iontophoresis (IP) affects tight junctions (TJs) in isolated rabbit corneas and conjunctiva. Methods: Direct electric current in the range of 0.5–2.0 and 0.5–10 mA/cm2 were applied to the cornea and conjunctiva, respectively, for 30 min. The localization and expression levels of TJ-associated proteins were assessed before and after the application of the electric currents using immunostaining and western blotting. Results: In both corneal and conjunctival epithelia, the localization of proteins, such as claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1, was temporarily altered by anodal and cathodal IP; however, the protein relocalization was slower at higher currents. Additionally, in both anodal and cathodal IP, the expression levels of claudin-1 and occludin in the cornea and conjunctiva remained unchanged after the application of the electric currents compared with those before. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the application of a direct electric current temporarily regulated TJ assemblies without altering the levels of TJ-associated proteins in both the cornea and conjunctiva. This temporary weakening of the paracellular barrier by the current may be responsible for the enhanced drug transport across the cornea and conjunctiva induced by ocular IP. Keywords: ocular drug delivery, iontophoresis, electric current, cornea, conjunctiva, tight junction
研究目的本研究确定了离子透入疗法（IP）如何影响离体兔角膜和结膜的紧密连接（TJ）。方法：在角膜和结膜上分别施加 0.5-2.0 和 0.5-10 mA/cm2 的直流电，持续 30 分钟。使用免疫染色法和 Western 印迹法评估通电前后 TJ 相关蛋白的定位和表达水平。结果显示在角膜和结膜上皮中，Claudin-1、Claudin-4、occludin 和 ZO-1 等蛋白质的定位在正极和负极 IP 作用下都会发生暂时性改变；但在电流较大时，蛋白质的重新定位速度较慢。此外，在正极和负极 IP 中，施加电流后角膜和结膜中 claudin-1 和 occludin 的表达水平与施加电流前相比保持不变。结论我们的研究结果表明，施加直流电可暂时调节角膜和结膜中的 TJ 组装，但不会改变 TJ 相关蛋白的水平。电流对细胞旁屏障的这种暂时性削弱可能是眼部直流电诱导药物通过角膜和结膜转运增强的原因。关键词：眼部给药、离子渗透、电流、角膜、结膜、紧密连接
{"title":"Application of direct electric current to the corneal and conjunctival epithelia regulates the tight junctional assembly for ocular iontophoretic drug delivery","authors":"H. Sekijima, Yutaro Hazama, Soichiro Kimura, Yasunori Morimoto, Hideo Ueda","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6455","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In this study, we determined how iontophoresis (IP) affects tight junctions (TJs) in isolated rabbit corneas and conjunctiva. \u0000Methods: Direct electric current in the range of 0.5–2.0 and 0.5–10 mA/cm2 were applied to the cornea and conjunctiva, respectively, for 30 min. The localization and expression levels of TJ-associated proteins were assessed before and after the application of the electric currents using immunostaining and western blotting. \u0000Results: In both corneal and conjunctival epithelia, the localization of proteins, such as claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1, was temporarily altered by anodal and cathodal IP; however, the protein relocalization was slower at higher currents. Additionally, in both anodal and cathodal IP, the expression levels of claudin-1 and occludin in the cornea and conjunctiva remained unchanged after the application of the electric currents compared with those before. \u0000Conclusion: Our results indicated that the application of a direct electric current temporarily regulated TJ assemblies without altering the levels of TJ-associated proteins in both the cornea and conjunctiva. This temporary weakening of the paracellular barrier by the current may be responsible for the enhanced drug transport across the cornea and conjunctiva induced by ocular IP. \u0000Keywords: ocular drug delivery, iontophoresis, electric current, cornea, conjunctiva, tight junction","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6490
Pallav Dave
Stigma remains a significant challenge for people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) despite the advances that have been made in HIV care and treatment. It is known to affect health care outcomes including care seeking habits and medication adherence. In addition to contributing to poor health outcomes, stigma is known to increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Various researchers have found a correlation between stigma and mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, mental distress, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. The aim of this review is to explore the association between stigma and mental health disorders in PLWHA. It identifies common mental health disorders found in people living with HIV and how these disorders are linked to stigma. The review also identifies how stigma and mental health disorders affect healthcare outcomes of PLWHA. The review concludes by providing a number of measures that can help to end stigma and improve overall health outcomes of PLWHA. Keywords: stigma, HIV-related stigma, HIV/AIDS, mental health disorders, people living with HIV/AIDS
{"title":"The Correlation Between Stigma and Mental Health Disorders in People Living with HIV/AIDS","authors":"Pallav Dave","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6490","url":null,"abstract":"Stigma remains a significant challenge for people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) despite the advances that have been made in HIV care and treatment. It is known to affect health care outcomes including care seeking habits and medication adherence. In addition to contributing to poor health outcomes, stigma is known to increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Various researchers have found a correlation between stigma and mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, mental distress, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. The aim of this review is to explore the association between stigma and mental health disorders in PLWHA. It identifies common mental health disorders found in people living with HIV and how these disorders are linked to stigma. The review also identifies how stigma and mental health disorders affect healthcare outcomes of PLWHA. The review concludes by providing a number of measures that can help to end stigma and improve overall health outcomes of PLWHA. \u0000Keywords: stigma, HIV-related stigma, HIV/AIDS, mental health disorders, people living with HIV/AIDS","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"5 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6465
Shubhangi Aher, Dipti Solanki, Aparna Jain
Hydrogels represent three-dimensional, interconnected networks known to absorb substantial amounts of H2O but at the same time, being insoluble in the aforementioned solvent. Their exceptional hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility and diverse therapeutic potential position them as highly promising biomaterials within biological and biomedical fields. These materials, on account of their innoxious innate characteristics and safe utilization, have garnered widespread acceptance across tremendous and diverse biomedical applications ranging from traditional therapies to state-of-the-art advancements. This extensive review incorporates a spectrum of varied types of hydrogels, elaborating on both their chemical, physical aspects and also throws light on the rheological, analytical and spectroscopic tools employed for their characterization. It also continues to elaborate on the various mechanisms of gelation for facilitating a better understanding of the topic under discussion. The review also discusses the different strategies which are substantiated in recent times to expand the utilisation of hydrogels. The primary intent of this review is to render a comprehensive understanding of hydrogels as an ideal drug delivery system to undergraduates, graduates, biomedical students and researchers across the globe. It also targets to unravel the fundamental, applied and general aspects of hydrogels, offering valuable insights to help individuals associated with multidisciplinary research and application spheres. Keywords: Gelation, Biocompatibility, Cross-linking, Smart hydrogels, Polymerization, Architecture, Polymer network
{"title":"Nanotechnology at Work: Hydrogel Drug Delivery Architectures","authors":"Shubhangi Aher, Dipti Solanki, Aparna Jain","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6465","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels represent three-dimensional, interconnected networks known to absorb substantial amounts of H2O but at the same time, being insoluble in the aforementioned solvent. Their exceptional hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility and diverse therapeutic potential position them as highly promising biomaterials within biological and biomedical fields. These materials, on account of their innoxious innate characteristics and safe utilization, have garnered widespread acceptance across tremendous and diverse biomedical applications ranging from traditional therapies to state-of-the-art advancements. This extensive review incorporates a spectrum of varied types of hydrogels, elaborating on both their chemical, physical aspects and also throws light on the rheological, analytical and spectroscopic tools employed for their characterization. It also continues to elaborate on the various mechanisms of gelation for facilitating a better understanding of the topic under discussion. The review also discusses the different strategies which are substantiated in recent times to expand the utilisation of hydrogels. The primary intent of this review is to render a comprehensive understanding of hydrogels as an ideal drug delivery system to undergraduates, graduates, biomedical students and researchers across the globe. It also targets to unravel the fundamental, applied and general aspects of hydrogels, offering valuable insights to help individuals associated with multidisciplinary research and application spheres. \u0000Keywords: Gelation, Biocompatibility, Cross-linking, Smart hydrogels, Polymerization, Architecture, Polymer network","PeriodicalId":506928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6486
Marudhachalam Jeevitha, R. Shanmuga Sundhram, R. Sambath Kumar
Background: Intermittent fasting has various benefits for brain health, owing to the physiological alterations occurring in the human body during intervals of fasting. Fasting induces a metabolic condition that improves neuronal bioenergetics, plasticity, and resilience, potentially counteracting a variety of neurological disorders. Objectives: In the current research, we reveal the impact of IF (Intermittent Fasting)on neurological diseases. Methodology: A literature review was conducted to create recent studies on how IF impacts neurological illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases and Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. Results: Fasting decreases the production of inflammatory mediators including homocysteine, IL6, and C-reactive protein which could reduce the creation of plaques that lead to atherosclerosis, which is the primary cause of stroke in individuals. IF and ketogenic diets involve significant mechanisms, including enhanced beta-hydroxybutyrate, that have been linked with improved seizure management in certain studies, as well as the induction of other systems that work together to sustain synaptic activity. IF may also improve health and QoL (Quality Of Life) for those who have relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis. IF could prove to be a beneficial dietary treatment for the prevention and/or deceleration of dementia progression. Conclusion: The creation of a self-empowering, affordable, and effective treatment alternative for a range of neurological issues in a time of rising medical costs and a rise in neurological diseases. In the future, if these studies are given priority, fasting regimens will be advised in addition to medication-based strategies, leading to the development of a single metabolic strategy that can alter the course and symptoms of the most prevalent and impairing neurological disorders that currently exist. Keywords: Intermittent Fasting, Neurological disease, Brain health.
背景：间歇性禁食对大脑健康有多种益处，这是因为人体在禁食期间会发生生理变化。禁食会诱导一种新陈代谢状态，从而改善神经元的生物能、可塑性和恢复力，有可能对抗各种神经系统疾病。研究目的在目前的研究中，我们揭示了 IF（间歇性禁食）对神经系统疾病的影响。研究方法：通过文献综述，了解有关 IF 如何影响神经系统疾病（包括神经退行性疾病和中枢神经系统疾病）的最新研究。研究结果空腹能减少炎症介质的产生，包括同型半胱氨酸、IL6 和 C 反应蛋白，从而减少导致动脉粥样硬化的斑块的形成，而动脉粥样硬化是导致中风的主要原因。IF 和生酮饮食涉及重要的机制，包括增强 beta-羟丁酸，在某些研究中，这与改善癫痫发作控制有关，还能诱导其他系统共同维持突触活动。IF 还能改善复发性多发性硬化症患者的健康和 QoL（生活质量）。事实证明，IF 是一种有益的饮食疗法，可预防和/或减缓痴呆症的发展。结论在医疗费用不断上涨和神经系统疾病增加的情况下，为一系列神经系统问题提供一种自我赋权、经济实惠且有效的替代治疗方法。未来，如果这些研究得到优先考虑，除了基于药物的策略外，还将建议禁食方案，从而开发出一种单一的代谢策略，可以改变目前最普遍和最严重的神经系统疾病的病程和症状。关键词间歇性禁食 神经系统疾病 脑健康
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