Abstract The genus Lepidisis was established by Verrill in 1883 for three species collected from the continental slope in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Over the intervening years, several species were assigned to this genus using conflicting characters taken from Verrill's original description. Using what remains of Verrill's syntype specimens and a new specimen collected from off of the coast of the New England region, USA, we show that Verrill made a serious mistake in his description of the type species, and that mistake has caused some of the confusion surrounding this genus. We redescribe the type species, then use that description to evaluate the other species currently assigned to the genus.
{"title":"Toward a Revision of the Bamboo Corals: Part 2, Untangling the Genus Lepidisis (Octocorallia: Isididae)","authors":"L. Watling, S. France","doi":"10.3374/014.062.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.062.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Lepidisis was established by Verrill in 1883 for three species collected from the continental slope in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Over the intervening years, several species were assigned to this genus using conflicting characters taken from Verrill's original description. Using what remains of Verrill's syntype specimens and a new specimen collected from off of the coast of the New England region, USA, we show that Verrill made a serious mistake in his description of the type species, and that mistake has caused some of the confusion surrounding this genus. We redescribe the type species, then use that description to evaluate the other species currently assigned to the genus.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"62 1","pages":"97 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43542072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Herein as a preface to Jukar's ongoing comprehensive systematic review, we introduce the fossil vertebrate collection made by G. Edward Lewis in 1932 as part of the Yale-North India Expedition to British India, and briefly discuss its historical and scientific significance. The collection, which consists of approximately 1,300 specimens collected from 106 sites, was made 100 years after the first fossils were reported by Europeans in the Siwalik deposits of the Indian subcontinent, and includes several important specimens, most notably fossil primates. Studies of the fossils collected by Lewis on this 1932 expedition have had a substantial and long-lasting influence on Siwalik paleontology, and motivated much subsequent work in this region by both western and local Indian and Pakistani researchers. Studies of primate specimens collected and first described by Lewis have also heavily influenced the field of paleoanthropology and debates surrounding the origin of our species.
{"title":"An Introduction to the G. Edward Lewis 1932 Fossil Vertebrate Collection from British India and a Discussion of Its Historical and Scientific Significance","authors":"A. Jukar, D. Brinkman","doi":"10.3374/014.062.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.062.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Herein as a preface to Jukar's ongoing comprehensive systematic review, we introduce the fossil vertebrate collection made by G. Edward Lewis in 1932 as part of the Yale-North India Expedition to British India, and briefly discuss its historical and scientific significance. The collection, which consists of approximately 1,300 specimens collected from 106 sites, was made 100 years after the first fossils were reported by Europeans in the Siwalik deposits of the Indian subcontinent, and includes several important specimens, most notably fossil primates. Studies of the fossils collected by Lewis on this 1932 expedition have had a substantial and long-lasting influence on Siwalik paleontology, and motivated much subsequent work in this region by both western and local Indian and Pakistani researchers. Studies of primate specimens collected and first described by Lewis have also heavily influenced the field of paleoanthropology and debates surrounding the origin of our species.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"62 1","pages":"81 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43729622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The dajid parasite Holophryxus alaskensis Richardson, 1905a is reported from Pasiphaea pacifica Rathbun, 1902 collected at 1,200 m depth near Baja California, Mexico. This represents the southernmost record for this species at approximately twice the depth of prior records. A juvenile specimen of Holophryxus attached to Parapasiphae sulcatifrons Smith, 1884 collected at 1,625 m depth from the Bear Seamount (an underwater volcano in the western Atlantic Ocean) was found to be similar in morphology to juveniles of H. alaskensis. However, it is also not possible to determine whether it is conspecific with either of the known Atlantic species of Holophryxus (H. acanthephyrae Stephensen, 1912a and H. richardi Koehler, 1911). This is the first record of P. sulcatifrons as a host for any epicaridean. Finally, H. acanthephyrae is reported for the first time from off the Bahamas, where it was found on Acanthephyra pupurea A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 collected at 2,134 m depth. A discussion of the global distribution and taxonomic issues in the genus Holophryxus is provided.
{"title":"New Records of Species of Holophryxus Richardson, 1905 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Dajidae) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans with Comments on Taxonomic Issues in the Genus","authors":"C. Boyko, Jason D. Williams","doi":"10.3374/014.062.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.062.0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The dajid parasite Holophryxus alaskensis Richardson, 1905a is reported from Pasiphaea pacifica Rathbun, 1902 collected at 1,200 m depth near Baja California, Mexico. This represents the southernmost record for this species at approximately twice the depth of prior records. A juvenile specimen of Holophryxus attached to Parapasiphae sulcatifrons Smith, 1884 collected at 1,625 m depth from the Bear Seamount (an underwater volcano in the western Atlantic Ocean) was found to be similar in morphology to juveniles of H. alaskensis. However, it is also not possible to determine whether it is conspecific with either of the known Atlantic species of Holophryxus (H. acanthephyrae Stephensen, 1912a and H. richardi Koehler, 1911). This is the first record of P. sulcatifrons as a host for any epicaridean. Finally, H. acanthephyrae is reported for the first time from off the Bahamas, where it was found on Acanthephyra pupurea A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 collected at 2,134 m depth. A discussion of the global distribution and taxonomic issues in the genus Holophryxus is provided.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"62 1","pages":"111 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Specimens of Eurypterus are the most common eurypterid fossils worldwide. They are particularly abundant in the Silurian Bertie Group of North America. The Bertie Group Eurypterus species are relatively small compared with associated giants such as Acutiramus, Eusarcana, and Dolichopterus. Here we report the discovery of an isolated telson of Eurypterus lacustris nearly 15 cm long indicating an individual more than half a meter in length. This highly maneuverable swimmer with acute vision joins the list of eurypterid predators with giant representatives.
{"title":"A Giant Eurypterus from the Silurian (Pridoli) Bertie Group of North America","authors":"Alexander Ruebenstahl, S. J. Ciurca, D. Briggs","doi":"10.3374/014.062.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.062.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Specimens of Eurypterus are the most common eurypterid fossils worldwide. They are particularly abundant in the Silurian Bertie Group of North America. The Bertie Group Eurypterus species are relatively small compared with associated giants such as Acutiramus, Eusarcana, and Dolichopterus. Here we report the discovery of an isolated telson of Eurypterus lacustris nearly 15 cm long indicating an individual more than half a meter in length. This highly maneuverable swimmer with acute vision joins the list of eurypterid predators with giant representatives.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"62 1","pages":"3 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42400536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Near, Daniel J. MacGuigan, Emily L. Boring, Jeffrey W. Simmons, Brett Albanese, Benjamin P. Keck, R. Harrington, Gerald R. Dinkins
Abstract Percina freemanorum, the Etowah Bridled Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Etowah River system in Georgia, specifically in Long Swamp Creek, Amicalola Creek, and the upper portion of the Etowah River. The earliest collection records for Percina freemanorum date to 1948 and in 2007 the species was delimited as populations of Percina kusha. Our investigation into the systematics of Percina kusha is motivated by the uncertain status of populations in the Coosawattee River system and observed morphological disparity in several meristic traits between populations in the Conasauga and Etowah River systems. Our analyses of morphological divergence, nuclear genotypes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype networks confirm the distinctiveness of Percina freemanorum. Morphologically, Percina freemanorum is distinguished from Percina kusha through lower average numbers of lateral line scales (65.4 vs. 72.3); rows of transverse scales (18.0 vs. 21.4); scales around the caudal peduncle (22.1 vs. 24.9); and modally more pectoral fin rays (14 vs. 13). The two species are not reciprocally monophyletic in phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences, but the two species do not share mtDNA haplotypes. Analysis of up to 158,000 double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing loci resolve each of the two species as reciprocally monophyletic and genomic clustering analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identifies two genetic clusters that correspond to the morphologically delimited Percina freemanorum and Percina kusha.
{"title":"A New Species of Bridled Darter Endemic to the Etowah River System in Georgia (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina)","authors":"T. Near, Daniel J. MacGuigan, Emily L. Boring, Jeffrey W. Simmons, Brett Albanese, Benjamin P. Keck, R. Harrington, Gerald R. Dinkins","doi":"10.3374/014.062.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.062.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Percina freemanorum, the Etowah Bridled Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Etowah River system in Georgia, specifically in Long Swamp Creek, Amicalola Creek, and the upper portion of the Etowah River. The earliest collection records for Percina freemanorum date to 1948 and in 2007 the species was delimited as populations of Percina kusha. Our investigation into the systematics of Percina kusha is motivated by the uncertain status of populations in the Coosawattee River system and observed morphological disparity in several meristic traits between populations in the Conasauga and Etowah River systems. Our analyses of morphological divergence, nuclear genotypes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype networks confirm the distinctiveness of Percina freemanorum. Morphologically, Percina freemanorum is distinguished from Percina kusha through lower average numbers of lateral line scales (65.4 vs. 72.3); rows of transverse scales (18.0 vs. 21.4); scales around the caudal peduncle (22.1 vs. 24.9); and modally more pectoral fin rays (14 vs. 13). The two species are not reciprocally monophyletic in phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences, but the two species do not share mtDNA haplotypes. Analysis of up to 158,000 double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing loci resolve each of the two species as reciprocally monophyletic and genomic clustering analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identifies two genetic clusters that correspond to the morphologically delimited Percina freemanorum and Percina kusha.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"62 1","pages":"15 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Turtles of the clade Testudinoidea have a rather scarce fossil record in Afro-Arabia, ranging from the late Eocene up to the Quaternary. The vast majority of testudinoid fossils from Afro-Arabia are ascribed to Testudinidae, which has had a continuous presence in the area since the late Eocene. Geoemydidae is poorly documented by fragments found throughout the Neogene across northern Africa and the Middle East. Emydidae is absent from the fossil record of this area. All valid named taxa pertain to testudinids. Within Testudinidae, the majority of known fossil species are members of the clade Geochelona, while a few others belong to the clade Testudona. Four fossil taxa are members of now-extinct genera, five are members of extant genera, and seven cannot be assigned to a known genus with certainty. The fossil record also documents that several extant genera had a much broader distribution during the Neogene and Quaternary. Endemic insular lineages were formerly present on the Canary Islands, Cape Verde islands, and on several islands in the Western Indian Ocean. The highest known diversity of testudinoids seems to have existed during the Neogene; however, definitive conclusions are hampered by the extremely poor Paleogene record and large, unsampled areas of Afro-Arabia. A taxonomic review of the 22 named Afro-Arabian taxa finds 16 nomina valida, 1 nomen invalidum, and 5 nomina dubia.
{"title":"A Review of the Fossil Record of Afro-Arabian Turtles of the Clade Testudinoidea","authors":"G. Georgalis, L. Macaluso, M. Delfino","doi":"10.3374/014.062.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.062.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Turtles of the clade Testudinoidea have a rather scarce fossil record in Afro-Arabia, ranging from the late Eocene up to the Quaternary. The vast majority of testudinoid fossils from Afro-Arabia are ascribed to Testudinidae, which has had a continuous presence in the area since the late Eocene. Geoemydidae is poorly documented by fragments found throughout the Neogene across northern Africa and the Middle East. Emydidae is absent from the fossil record of this area. All valid named taxa pertain to testudinids. Within Testudinidae, the majority of known fossil species are members of the clade Geochelona, while a few others belong to the clade Testudona. Four fossil taxa are members of now-extinct genera, five are members of extant genera, and seven cannot be assigned to a known genus with certainty. The fossil record also documents that several extant genera had a much broader distribution during the Neogene and Quaternary. Endemic insular lineages were formerly present on the Canary Islands, Cape Verde islands, and on several islands in the Western Indian Ocean. The highest known diversity of testudinoids seems to have existed during the Neogene; however, definitive conclusions are hampered by the extremely poor Paleogene record and large, unsampled areas of Afro-Arabia. A taxonomic review of the 22 named Afro-Arabian taxa finds 16 nomina valida, 1 nomen invalidum, and 5 nomina dubia.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"62 1","pages":"43 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46854573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Richardson, C. Hammond, William E. Moser, Anna J. Phillips, E. Lazo-Wasem, M. Barger
Abstract Placobdella parasitica (Say, 1824) is one of the most commonly encountered turtle leeches in North America. Molecular analysis of individuals of P. parasitica representing various populations throughout its range in North America using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, revealed the presence of nine distinct groups: (1) P. parasitica sensu stricto containing members, including the neotype specimen, occurring broadly throughout the central United States westward from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and throughout southern Ontario, Canada, and the upper midwestern United States as far east as New York State; (2) West Virginia; (3) Mississippi/Alabama; (4) Northeast, including New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont; (5) New England, including Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; (6) North Carolina/West Virginia; (7) South Carolina; (8) Tennessee; and (9) Florida. Both neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood analyses recovered an east-west split along the Appalachian Mountains with groups 1–3 clustering together and groups 4–9 clustering separately, with the exception of group 8 (Tennessee) that placed with the eastern groups. Group 1 includes specimens from a broad geographic distribution, yet with relatively low genetic variation, a pattern observed in other glossiphoniid species in North America. The groups with members east of the Appalachian Mountains are more tightly clustered by locality. This leech species is known to parasitize several turtle species, including Chrysemys picta, the painted turtle that originated in the central Gulf Coast region and dispersed northward representing a recolonization after Pleistocene glaciation. The neighbor-joining tree and pairwise distance data could suggest that P. parasitica has a similar phylogeographic pattern and dispersal history with its turtle hosts. In view of the morphological uniformity among the various groups, P. parasitica is provisionally considered to be a widely distributed, molecularly variable species.
{"title":"Molecular Variation and Biogeography of the Common North American Turtle Leech, Placobdella parasitica","authors":"D. Richardson, C. Hammond, William E. Moser, Anna J. Phillips, E. Lazo-Wasem, M. Barger","doi":"10.3374/014.061.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.061.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Placobdella parasitica (Say, 1824) is one of the most commonly encountered turtle leeches in North America. Molecular analysis of individuals of P. parasitica representing various populations throughout its range in North America using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, revealed the presence of nine distinct groups: (1) P. parasitica sensu stricto containing members, including the neotype specimen, occurring broadly throughout the central United States westward from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and throughout southern Ontario, Canada, and the upper midwestern United States as far east as New York State; (2) West Virginia; (3) Mississippi/Alabama; (4) Northeast, including New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont; (5) New England, including Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; (6) North Carolina/West Virginia; (7) South Carolina; (8) Tennessee; and (9) Florida. Both neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood analyses recovered an east-west split along the Appalachian Mountains with groups 1–3 clustering together and groups 4–9 clustering separately, with the exception of group 8 (Tennessee) that placed with the eastern groups. Group 1 includes specimens from a broad geographic distribution, yet with relatively low genetic variation, a pattern observed in other glossiphoniid species in North America. The groups with members east of the Appalachian Mountains are more tightly clustered by locality. This leech species is known to parasitize several turtle species, including Chrysemys picta, the painted turtle that originated in the central Gulf Coast region and dispersed northward representing a recolonization after Pleistocene glaciation. The neighbor-joining tree and pairwise distance data could suggest that P. parasitica has a similar phylogeographic pattern and dispersal history with its turtle hosts. In view of the morphological uniformity among the various groups, P. parasitica is provisionally considered to be a widely distributed, molecularly variable species.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"61 1","pages":"83 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46953749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E. Moser, D. Richardson, C. Hammond, E. Lazo-Wasem
Abstract Placodella michiganensis (Sawyer, 1972) was originally described from free-living individuals collected from Mill Creek, St. Joseph County, Michigan, USA. The acquisition of contemporary specimens from its type locality has facilitated redescription of P. michiganensis. Placobdella michiganensis does not have a confusing taxonomic history like many other members of the genus Placobdella as it has only been collected two other times since its description. Placodella michiganensis is distinguished from its congeners by its five rows of whitish single-tipped papillae, genital and pre-anal patches, five pre-anal papillae, and absence of a dark dorsal-medial line. Placobdella michiganensis is a morphologically distinct species with a 16.0% to 22.0% difference in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data among congeners.
{"title":"Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Placobdella michiganensis (Sawyer, 1972) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae)","authors":"William E. Moser, D. Richardson, C. Hammond, E. Lazo-Wasem","doi":"10.3374/014.061.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.061.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Placodella michiganensis (Sawyer, 1972) was originally described from free-living individuals collected from Mill Creek, St. Joseph County, Michigan, USA. The acquisition of contemporary specimens from its type locality has facilitated redescription of P. michiganensis. Placobdella michiganensis does not have a confusing taxonomic history like many other members of the genus Placobdella as it has only been collected two other times since its description. Placodella michiganensis is distinguished from its congeners by its five rows of whitish single-tipped papillae, genital and pre-anal patches, five pre-anal papillae, and absence of a dark dorsal-medial line. Placobdella michiganensis is a morphologically distinct species with a 16.0% to 22.0% difference in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data among congeners.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"61 1","pages":"97 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47288001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study documented and assessed benthic macroinvertebrate communities on a section of Canyon Creek through Tensleep Preserve in Washakie County, Wyoming, USA. Data for these communities are compared with previous samples collected downstream on agricultural land, as well as upstream and downstream from two subterranean, limestone sinks on the preserve. A shift from Plecoptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera to mainly Ephemeroptera to mainly Trichoptera was observed from the uppermost to the lowermost sites; Chironomidae and Diptera dominated the previously sampled section. High proportions of scrapers in sampled communities on the preserve beginning downstream of the upstream sink system suggested a prevalence of autochthonous detritus over allochthonous detritus at these sites. Macroinvertebrate community compositions and calculated metrics indicated high water quality for sites on the preserve and lower water quality for the agriculturally impacted sites. Ten taxa recorded from samples between the subterranean sinks were not recorded elsewhere. The mayfly Ameletus validus was abundant at the exit of the upper sink system at which the substrate was lined with irregular limestone slabs, and this taxon may be limited to the interior of this sink. Neothremma is identified as a feasible indicator taxon for climate change.
{"title":"Effects of Subterranean Limestone Sinks and Agricultural Development on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities of Canyon Creek (Wyoming)","authors":"Joshua M. Perez-Cruet","doi":"10.3374/014.061.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.061.0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study documented and assessed benthic macroinvertebrate communities on a section of Canyon Creek through Tensleep Preserve in Washakie County, Wyoming, USA. Data for these communities are compared with previous samples collected downstream on agricultural land, as well as upstream and downstream from two subterranean, limestone sinks on the preserve. A shift from Plecoptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera to mainly Ephemeroptera to mainly Trichoptera was observed from the uppermost to the lowermost sites; Chironomidae and Diptera dominated the previously sampled section. High proportions of scrapers in sampled communities on the preserve beginning downstream of the upstream sink system suggested a prevalence of autochthonous detritus over allochthonous detritus at these sites. Macroinvertebrate community compositions and calculated metrics indicated high water quality for sites on the preserve and lower water quality for the agriculturally impacted sites. Ten taxa recorded from samples between the subterranean sinks were not recorded elsewhere. The mayfly Ameletus validus was abundant at the exit of the upper sink system at which the substrate was lined with irregular limestone slabs, and this taxon may be limited to the interior of this sink. Neothremma is identified as a feasible indicator taxon for climate change.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":"61 1","pages":"103 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46783934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kara R. Weiss, Stephen G. B. Chester, L. Olson, E. J. Sargis
Abstract Pencil-tailed Tree Mice (Muridae: Chiropodomys) are small arboreal mammals endemic to the rainforests of Southeast Asia. They are capable of manual and pedal grasping and have nails rather than claws on their pollex and hallux, but their limb morphology has never been analyzed from functional, ecogeographic, or taxonomic perspectives. We compared two species of Chiropodomys to the similarly sized but terrestrial Mus musculus using quantitative morphometric osteological data recorded from six limb bones. Principal components analysis (PCA) clearly separated Chiropodomys from Mus. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed several features linked to arboreality in Chiropodomys and characteristics associated with terrestriality in Mus. These include a wide medial epicondyle and shallow knee in Chiropodomys and a long olecranon process, long greater trochanter, and deep knee in Mus. PCA also distinguished mainland C. gliroides from island C. calamianensis of the Palawan Faunal Region, with the latter exhibiting larger body size, as predicted by the island rule. Finally, PCA clearly separated northeastern C. gliroides specimens collected north of the Isthmus of Kra from southwestern specimens collected on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra; these preliminary results may indicate that there are two distinct taxa in this sample, but this must be tested with more specimens and data. Overall, our study revealed functional differences related to substrate preference, larger body size in an island endemic species, and postcranial evidence for an additional mainland taxon.
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