Kara R. Weiss, Stephen G. B. Chester, L. Olson, E. J. Sargis
Abstract Pencil-tailed Tree Mice (Muridae: Chiropodomys) are small arboreal mammals endemic to the rainforests of Southeast Asia. They are capable of manual and pedal grasping and have nails rather than claws on their pollex and hallux, but their limb morphology has never been analyzed from functional, ecogeographic, or taxonomic perspectives. We compared two species of Chiropodomys to the similarly sized but terrestrial Mus musculus using quantitative morphometric osteological data recorded from six limb bones. Principal components analysis (PCA) clearly separated Chiropodomys from Mus. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed several features linked to arboreality in Chiropodomys and characteristics associated with terrestriality in Mus. These include a wide medial epicondyle and shallow knee in Chiropodomys and a long olecranon process, long greater trochanter, and deep knee in Mus. PCA also distinguished mainland C. gliroides from island C. calamianensis of the Palawan Faunal Region, with the latter exhibiting larger body size, as predicted by the island rule. Finally, PCA clearly separated northeastern C. gliroides specimens collected north of the Isthmus of Kra from southwestern specimens collected on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra; these preliminary results may indicate that there are two distinct taxa in this sample, but this must be tested with more specimens and data. Overall, our study revealed functional differences related to substrate preference, larger body size in an island endemic species, and postcranial evidence for an additional mainland taxon.
{"title":"Postcranial Skeletal Variation in Pencil-Tailed Tree Mice (Rodentia: Muridae: Chiropodomys): Functional, Ecogeographic, and Taxonomic Implications","authors":"Kara R. Weiss, Stephen G. B. Chester, L. Olson, E. J. Sargis","doi":"10.3374/014.061.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.061.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pencil-tailed Tree Mice (Muridae: Chiropodomys) are small arboreal mammals endemic to the rainforests of Southeast Asia. They are capable of manual and pedal grasping and have nails rather than claws on their pollex and hallux, but their limb morphology has never been analyzed from functional, ecogeographic, or taxonomic perspectives. We compared two species of Chiropodomys to the similarly sized but terrestrial Mus musculus using quantitative morphometric osteological data recorded from six limb bones. Principal components analysis (PCA) clearly separated Chiropodomys from Mus. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed several features linked to arboreality in Chiropodomys and characteristics associated with terrestriality in Mus. These include a wide medial epicondyle and shallow knee in Chiropodomys and a long olecranon process, long greater trochanter, and deep knee in Mus. PCA also distinguished mainland C. gliroides from island C. calamianensis of the Palawan Faunal Region, with the latter exhibiting larger body size, as predicted by the island rule. Finally, PCA clearly separated northeastern C. gliroides specimens collected north of the Isthmus of Kra from southwestern specimens collected on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra; these preliminary results may indicate that there are two distinct taxa in this sample, but this must be tested with more specimens and data. Overall, our study revealed functional differences related to substrate preference, larger body size in an island endemic species, and postcranial evidence for an additional mainland taxon.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Barrens Darter, Etheostoma forbesi, is one of the most geographically restricted freshwater fish species in North America, with a distribution limited to headwater portions of nine streams in the western part of the upper Caney Fork, a tributary of the Cumberland River in Tennessee. This limited geographic distribution makes Etheostoma forbesi especially vulnerable to potential threats posed by human alterations to rivers and streams, and the risk of ecological competition and introgressive hybridization with the closely related Fringed Darter, Etheostoma crossopterum. Museum collection records and targeted surveys conducted since its description suggest that present-day range of Etheostoma forbesi does not include several streams it previously inhabited—some as recently as 15 years ago. We investigate the geographic distribution and variation in meristic traits of both Etheostoma forbesi and Etheostoma crossopterum in the upper Caney Fork system through the examination of all available museum vouchers, and assess phylogeographic patterns among populations using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. We report a newly discovered population of Etheostoma forbesi from the upper Collins River, and present evidence that Etheostoma crossopterum has displaced Etheostoma forbesi in the Hickory Creek system and Mud Creek in the upper Barren Fork River system. There are no differences in scale counts between the two species, but the sum of the number of rays in the anal, pectoral, and second dorsal fins is diagnostic. Analysis of mtDNA variation indicates gene flow between Etheostoma forbesi and Etheostoma crossopterum. Our results suggest that sympatry of the two species in the western upper Caney Fork system is a potential threat to the persistence of Etheostoma forbesi.
{"title":"The Geographic Distribution of the Imperiled Barrens Darter, Etheostoma forbesi, and Threats of Hybridization with the Closely Related Fringed Darter, Etheostoma crossopterum","authors":"R. Harrington, Jeffrey W. Simmons, T. Near","doi":"10.3374/014.061.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.061.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Barrens Darter, Etheostoma forbesi, is one of the most geographically restricted freshwater fish species in North America, with a distribution limited to headwater portions of nine streams in the western part of the upper Caney Fork, a tributary of the Cumberland River in Tennessee. This limited geographic distribution makes Etheostoma forbesi especially vulnerable to potential threats posed by human alterations to rivers and streams, and the risk of ecological competition and introgressive hybridization with the closely related Fringed Darter, Etheostoma crossopterum. Museum collection records and targeted surveys conducted since its description suggest that present-day range of Etheostoma forbesi does not include several streams it previously inhabited—some as recently as 15 years ago. We investigate the geographic distribution and variation in meristic traits of both Etheostoma forbesi and Etheostoma crossopterum in the upper Caney Fork system through the examination of all available museum vouchers, and assess phylogeographic patterns among populations using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. We report a newly discovered population of Etheostoma forbesi from the upper Collins River, and present evidence that Etheostoma crossopterum has displaced Etheostoma forbesi in the Hickory Creek system and Mud Creek in the upper Barren Fork River system. There are no differences in scale counts between the two species, but the sum of the number of rays in the anal, pectoral, and second dorsal fins is diagnostic. Analysis of mtDNA variation indicates gene flow between Etheostoma forbesi and Etheostoma crossopterum. Our results suggest that sympatry of the two species in the western upper Caney Fork system is a potential threat to the persistence of Etheostoma forbesi.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A review is given of the zoological names and current taxonomic status of two genera and 21 species-group taxa of hydroids attributed in this work to Addison Emery Verrill of the United States. Information is provided on type localities of his new species, and on locations and kinds of type material known to exist. The genus Blastothela Verrill, 1878 is held to be congeneric with Candelabrum de Blainville, 1830, and its type species, B. rosea Verrill, 1878, is provisionally assigned to the synonymy of C. phrygium (Fabricius, 1780). Syntypes of Halecium robustum Verrill, 1873a, once thought lost, have been rediscovered at the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, and an earlier neotype designation of the species is set aside. Sertularia achilleae Verrill, in Coues and Yarrow, 1878, a widely overlooked nominal species, is taken to be conspecific with Tridentata marginata (Kirchenpauer, 1864). Sertularia carolinensis Verrill, 1872b, another poorly known species, is recognized as valid and a senior synonym of Thuiaria plumulifera Allman, 1877. A review is given of the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of the polyseriate sertulariid genera Pericladium Allman, 1876 and Polyserias Mereschkowsky, 1877. Authorship and date of the binomen Laomedea angulata, usually attributed to Thomas Hincks with a date of 1861, is shown to have been made available earlier by Hincks in an 1859 article. Plumularia gracillima G.O. Sars, 1873, assigned at present to the halopteridid genus Polyplumaria G.O. Sars, 1874, is taken to be a plumulariid. It is provisionally returned to Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, although that genus is considered polyphyletic and in need of revision. Bibliographic work was undertaken to determine, as accurately as possible, dates of publication of the 47 papers authored by Verrill containing information on hydroids and hydromedusae. An annotated checklist of 138 species of hydrozoans reported in those works, including 47 anthoathecates, 90 leptothecates, and 1 trachymedusa, is included as an appendix.
{"title":"The Hydrozoan Taxa (Cnidaria) of Addison Emery Verrill (1839–1926), with a Checklist of His Records of Hydroids and Hydromedusae","authors":"Dale R. Calder, Daniel J. Drew","doi":"10.3374/014.061.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.061.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A review is given of the zoological names and current taxonomic status of two genera and 21 species-group taxa of hydroids attributed in this work to Addison Emery Verrill of the United States. Information is provided on type localities of his new species, and on locations and kinds of type material known to exist. The genus Blastothela Verrill, 1878 is held to be congeneric with Candelabrum de Blainville, 1830, and its type species, B. rosea Verrill, 1878, is provisionally assigned to the synonymy of C. phrygium (Fabricius, 1780). Syntypes of Halecium robustum Verrill, 1873a, once thought lost, have been rediscovered at the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, and an earlier neotype designation of the species is set aside. Sertularia achilleae Verrill, in Coues and Yarrow, 1878, a widely overlooked nominal species, is taken to be conspecific with Tridentata marginata (Kirchenpauer, 1864). Sertularia carolinensis Verrill, 1872b, another poorly known species, is recognized as valid and a senior synonym of Thuiaria plumulifera Allman, 1877. A review is given of the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of the polyseriate sertulariid genera Pericladium Allman, 1876 and Polyserias Mereschkowsky, 1877. Authorship and date of the binomen Laomedea angulata, usually attributed to Thomas Hincks with a date of 1861, is shown to have been made available earlier by Hincks in an 1859 article. Plumularia gracillima G.O. Sars, 1873, assigned at present to the halopteridid genus Polyplumaria G.O. Sars, 1874, is taken to be a plumulariid. It is provisionally returned to Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, although that genus is considered polyphyletic and in need of revision. Bibliographic work was undertaken to determine, as accurately as possible, dates of publication of the 47 papers authored by Verrill containing information on hydroids and hydromedusae. An annotated checklist of 138 species of hydrozoans reported in those works, including 47 anthoathecates, 90 leptothecates, and 1 trachymedusa, is included as an appendix.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69676325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E. Moser, D. Richardson, N. Schlesser, C. Hammond, E. Lazo-Wasem
Abstract Placobdella pediculata Hemingway, 1908 was originally described from individuals that were attached to Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum) in Lake Pepin, Minnesota, USA. Apparently, no type material was deposited. The acquisition of contemporary specimens from its type host in the type locality facilitated redescription of P. pediculata. Placobdella pediculata is different from its congeners in that its caudal sucker is extended from the body by a pedicel (peduncle), bears digitate processes near the rim of the caudal sucker, a smooth body surface, and its anal placement (few annuli anteriad of the caudal sucker). Molecular comparison of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data from P. pediculata revealed differences of 13.8% to 17.4% among congeners. Placobdella pediculata is a distinct species.
{"title":"Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Placobdella pediculata Hemingway, 1908 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae)","authors":"William E. Moser, D. Richardson, N. Schlesser, C. Hammond, E. Lazo-Wasem","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Placobdella pediculata Hemingway, 1908 was originally described from individuals that were attached to Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum) in Lake Pepin, Minnesota, USA. Apparently, no type material was deposited. The acquisition of contemporary specimens from its type host in the type locality facilitated redescription of P. pediculata. Placobdella pediculata is different from its congeners in that its caudal sucker is extended from the body by a pedicel (peduncle), bears digitate processes near the rim of the caudal sucker, a smooth body surface, and its anal placement (few annuli anteriad of the caudal sucker). Molecular comparison of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data from P. pediculata revealed differences of 13.8% to 17.4% among congeners. Placobdella pediculata is a distinct species.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46119149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Protonolima mantispinoformis gen. et sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) is described from the early Eocene Green River Formation. It likely belongs to Calomantispinae, on the basis of the very distal origin of posterior radius and the basal crossvein between media and cubitus (1m-cu) connecting radius + media and anterior cubitus; if so, it would be the only fossil representative of the subfamily. Protonolima gen. nov. is probably most closely related to the extant American genus Nolima.
{"title":"The First Mantidfly (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) from the Early Eocene Green River Formation","authors":"V. Makarkin","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Protonolima mantispinoformis gen. et sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) is described from the early Eocene Green River Formation. It likely belongs to Calomantispinae, on the basis of the very distal origin of posterior radius and the basal crossvein between media and cubitus (1m-cu) connecting radius + media and anterior cubitus; if so, it would be the only fossil representative of the subfamily. Protonolima gen. nov. is probably most closely related to the extant American genus Nolima.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Xiphosurids are an archetypal group of chelicerates with extensive anatomical, physiological, and paleontological documentation. Despite this research, very little information is available concerning abnormal specimens of the group. Here we vastly increase the number of documented abnormal extant xiphosurids by identifying 17 specimens showing a range of abnormalities on the appendages, cephalothorax, thoracetron, and telson. These specimens include all extant species and the first documentation of abnormal Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. We note that previous suggestions that the telson was the most commonly abnormal body part may reflect a speciesspecific bias and propose increased use of museum collections to understand these iconic organisms and their abnormalities.
{"title":"Abnormal Extant Xiphosurids in the Yale Peabody Museum Invertebrate Zoology Collection","authors":"R. Bicknell, S. Pates","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Xiphosurids are an archetypal group of chelicerates with extensive anatomical, physiological, and paleontological documentation. Despite this research, very little information is available concerning abnormal specimens of the group. Here we vastly increase the number of documented abnormal extant xiphosurids by identifying 17 specimens showing a range of abnormalities on the appendages, cephalothorax, thoracetron, and telson. These specimens include all extant species and the first documentation of abnormal Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. We note that previous suggestions that the telson was the most commonly abnormal body part may reflect a speciesspecific bias and propose increased use of museum collections to understand these iconic organisms and their abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46218276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Deinosuchus is a genus of large crocodylian that inhabited North America during the Late Cretaceous. This massive predator has become one of the most well-known prehistoric organisms, with a considerable amount of literature on its biogeography, ecology, and evolution published. However, ontogenetic changes of Deinosuchus and other species of extinct large, predatory crocodyliforms have remained poorly understood because of a lack of remains known from juvenile individuals and issues surrounding the ability of histological analysis of adult material to provide information on yearly growth. Here, I describe a tooth from a juvenile Deinosuchus estimated at less than 1m in total body length. As the first reported specimen of a juvenile Deinosuchus, to the author's knowledge, in the literature, the new fossil evinces the extremely small size of young individuals of this taxon compared to adults more than 8 m and 3,500 kg. Furthermore, the tooth shows that some morphological discrepancies existed between the dentition of juvenile and adult Deinosuchus individuals, including the size of the nutritive region. In addition to being the first specimen of Deinosuchus from northeastern North America described in detail, the tooth emphasizes the biological extremes of attaining large body size in Deinosuchus and may add support to the hypothesis that the ontogeny of gigantic crocodyliforms was characterized by extended periods of juvenile growth.
{"title":"First Record of a Small Juvenile Giant Crocodyliform and its Ontogenetic and Biogeographic Implications","authors":"C. Brownstein","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deinosuchus is a genus of large crocodylian that inhabited North America during the Late Cretaceous. This massive predator has become one of the most well-known prehistoric organisms, with a considerable amount of literature on its biogeography, ecology, and evolution published. However, ontogenetic changes of Deinosuchus and other species of extinct large, predatory crocodyliforms have remained poorly understood because of a lack of remains known from juvenile individuals and issues surrounding the ability of histological analysis of adult material to provide information on yearly growth. Here, I describe a tooth from a juvenile Deinosuchus estimated at less than 1m in total body length. As the first reported specimen of a juvenile Deinosuchus, to the author's knowledge, in the literature, the new fossil evinces the extremely small size of young individuals of this taxon compared to adults more than 8 m and 3,500 kg. Furthermore, the tooth shows that some morphological discrepancies existed between the dentition of juvenile and adult Deinosuchus individuals, including the size of the nutritive region. In addition to being the first specimen of Deinosuchus from northeastern North America described in detail, the tooth emphasizes the biological extremes of attaining large body size in Deinosuchus and may add support to the hypothesis that the ontogeny of gigantic crocodyliforms was characterized by extended periods of juvenile growth.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47446381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dornburg, A. Lamb, D. Warren, G. Watkins-Colwell, G. Lewbart, J. Flowers
Abstract It is well known that reptiles can act as paratenic hosts for parasites that use mammals as their definitive hosts. However, studies of potential paratenic hosts in the Caribbean have been temporally restricted to only diurnal species of lizards, thereby neglecting a dominant component of the nocturnal reptilian community: geckos. Many gecko species are human commensals with activity periods that overlap temporally with those of domestic cats, making them prime candidates as potential transport hosts for cat parasites. However, no studies have reported geckos as paratenic hosts for felid parasites on any Caribbean island. Here we report the first records of subcutaneous oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths on the Venezuelan Coastal Clawed Gecko (Gonatodes antillensis) based on specimens collected in Curaçao and Bonaire. The cysts were identified as belonging to the genus Oncicola, likely those of Oncicola venezuelensis. This study reports these geckos as a new host record for oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths, as well as Curaçao and Bonaire as new geographic locales for these acanthocephalan parasites. We additionally provide a review of saurian cystacanths, comparing the restricted taxonomic focus of transport hosts in Caribbean islands to the distribution of paratenic squamate hosts both in the Neotropics and globally. We find evidence that the ability of squamate reptiles to act as transport hosts is a pervasive feature across their Tree of Life, suggesting that these animals may serve as important vectors for transporting parasites between intermediate and definitive hosts.
{"title":"Are Geckos Paratenic Hosts for Caribbean Island Acanthocephalans? Evidence from Gonatodes antillensis and a Global Review of Squamate Reptiles Acting as Transport Hosts","authors":"A. Dornburg, A. Lamb, D. Warren, G. Watkins-Colwell, G. Lewbart, J. Flowers","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is well known that reptiles can act as paratenic hosts for parasites that use mammals as their definitive hosts. However, studies of potential paratenic hosts in the Caribbean have been temporally restricted to only diurnal species of lizards, thereby neglecting a dominant component of the nocturnal reptilian community: geckos. Many gecko species are human commensals with activity periods that overlap temporally with those of domestic cats, making them prime candidates as potential transport hosts for cat parasites. However, no studies have reported geckos as paratenic hosts for felid parasites on any Caribbean island. Here we report the first records of subcutaneous oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths on the Venezuelan Coastal Clawed Gecko (Gonatodes antillensis) based on specimens collected in Curaçao and Bonaire. The cysts were identified as belonging to the genus Oncicola, likely those of Oncicola venezuelensis. This study reports these geckos as a new host record for oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths, as well as Curaçao and Bonaire as new geographic locales for these acanthocephalan parasites. We additionally provide a review of saurian cystacanths, comparing the restricted taxonomic focus of transport hosts in Caribbean islands to the distribution of paratenic squamate hosts both in the Neotropics and globally. We find evidence that the ability of squamate reptiles to act as transport hosts is a pervasive feature across their Tree of Life, suggesting that these animals may serve as important vectors for transporting parasites between intermediate and definitive hosts.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47317206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D’Emic, B. Foreman, N. Jud, B. Britt, M. Schmitz, J. Crowley
Abstract The Cloverly Formation is an important geologic unit for understanding the development of North American terrestrial landscapes and ecosystems, but the age of this unit is poorly constrained. We report U–Pb radiometric dates determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) from euhedral zircons derived from fluvial sandstone and bentonitic claystone. We reanalyzed published biostratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and radiometric datasets, which have generally disregarded younger (late Albian–Cenomanian) ages for the formation. New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. The lowest member of the Cloverly Formation, the Pryor Conglomerate, was deposited ca. 140–130 Ma in response to the onset of the Sevier Orogeny shedding sediment from the west. The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. Following this, the Sykes Mountain Formation began nearshore deposition as the Western Interior Seaway transgressed from the north. Our revised chronostratigraphic framework for the Cloverly Formation is congruent with tectonic subsidence analysis showing a rapid increase in accommodation space in the mid-Albian. We hypothesize that more intensive sampling may yield multiple fossil assemblages within the formation, paralleling its correlates to the south. Furthermore, we hypothesize that some poorly represented taxa will be synonymized with taxa from those same units now that their temporal equivalence has been demonstrated.
{"title":"Chronostratigraphic Revision of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Western Interior, USA)","authors":"M. D’Emic, B. Foreman, N. Jud, B. Britt, M. Schmitz, J. Crowley","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The Cloverly Formation is an important geologic unit for understanding the development of North American terrestrial landscapes and ecosystems, but the age of this unit is poorly constrained. We report U–Pb radiometric dates determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) from euhedral zircons derived from fluvial sandstone and bentonitic claystone. We reanalyzed published biostratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and radiometric datasets, which have generally disregarded younger (late Albian–Cenomanian) ages for the formation. New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. The lowest member of the Cloverly Formation, the Pryor Conglomerate, was deposited ca. 140–130 Ma in response to the onset of the Sevier Orogeny shedding sediment from the west. The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. Following this, the Sykes Mountain Formation began nearshore deposition as the Western Interior Seaway transgressed from the north. Our revised chronostratigraphic framework for the Cloverly Formation is congruent with tectonic subsidence analysis showing a rapid increase in accommodation space in the mid-Albian. We hypothesize that more intensive sampling may yield multiple fossil assemblages within the formation, paralleling its correlates to the south. Furthermore, we hypothesize that some poorly represented taxa will be synonymized with taxa from those same units now that their temporal equivalence has been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The fossil record of nonbaenid paracryptodires ranges from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) to the Paleocene of North America and Europe only. Earlier remains may be present as early as the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian). Only a single dispersal event is documented between the two continents after their breakup during the Cretaceous in the form of the appearance of the Compsemys lineage in the Paleocene of France. Nonbaenid paracryptodires were restricted to freshwater aquatic environments but display adaptations to diverse feeding strategies consistent with generalist, gape-and-suction, and hypercarnivorous feeding. Current phylogenies recognize two species-rich subclades within Paracryptodira, Baenidae and Pleurosternidae, which jointly form the clade Baenoidea. A taxonomic review of nonbaenid paracryptodires concludes that of 34 named taxa, 11 are nomina valida, 15 are nomina invalida, and 8 are nomina dubia.
{"title":"A Review of the Fossil Record of Nonbaenid Turtles of the Clade Paracryptodira","authors":"W. Joyce, Jérémy Anquetin","doi":"10.3374/014.060.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3374/014.060.0204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The fossil record of nonbaenid paracryptodires ranges from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) to the Paleocene of North America and Europe only. Earlier remains may be present as early as the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian). Only a single dispersal event is documented between the two continents after their breakup during the Cretaceous in the form of the appearance of the Compsemys lineage in the Paleocene of France. Nonbaenid paracryptodires were restricted to freshwater aquatic environments but display adaptations to diverse feeding strategies consistent with generalist, gape-and-suction, and hypercarnivorous feeding. Current phylogenies recognize two species-rich subclades within Paracryptodira, Baenidae and Pleurosternidae, which jointly form the clade Baenoidea. A taxonomic review of nonbaenid paracryptodires concludes that of 34 named taxa, 11 are nomina valida, 15 are nomina invalida, and 8 are nomina dubia.","PeriodicalId":50719,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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