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Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports)最新文献

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The first Ukrainian-American Olympic in 1936 in Philadelphia: memories of the organizers and participants 1936 年费城首届乌克兰裔美国人奥林匹克运动会:组织者和参与者的回忆
O.O. Lyakh-Porodko, Y.S. Shcherbashyn
In the scientific study, an analysis and an attempt to make up for the historically lost time and at least partially return to us the real Ukrainian history of sports and the Olympic movement are carried out. Currently, many pages of the history of Ukrainian sports remain little known. One of them is sports competitions of the Ukrainian diaspora. Their organization required significant efforts, the involvement of specialists, well-known sports and public figures, representatives of state authorities, etc. The symbolic combination of the Olympics of the Ukrainian diaspora with the Olympic Games contributed to the development of the Ukrainian sports and Olympic movement abroad. In September 1936, a grand event in the life of the Ukrainian and American community took place in Philadelphia (USA) - the First Ukrainian-American Olympics or the «First Ukrainian National Games» under the patronage of Ukrainian-American organizations of the city of Philadelphia together with the Ukrainian Catholic League and the American Athletic Union.
在科学研究中,我们进行了分析,并试图弥补历史上失去的时间,至少部分还我们一个真实的乌克兰体育史和奥林匹克运动史。目前,乌克兰体育史的许多篇章仍然鲜为人知。其中之一就是乌克兰侨民的体育比赛。组织这些比赛需要付出巨大的努力,需要专家、知名体育和公众人物、国家当局代表等的参与。乌克兰侨民奥运会与奥林匹克运动会的象征性结合促进了乌克兰体育和奥林匹克运动在国外的发展。1936 年 9 月,在费城(美国)举行了乌克兰和美国社会生活中的一次盛会--第一届乌克兰-美国奥林匹克运动会或 "第一届乌克兰全国运动会",费城的乌克兰-美国组织与乌克兰天主教联盟和美国田径联盟共同赞助了这次盛会。
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引用次数: 0
The role of colate athletic centers in improving the quality of health-enhancing recreational and sports services in the higher education system: Ukrainian and foreign experience 高校体育中心在提高高等教育系统健康娱乐和体育服务质量方面的作用:乌克兰和外国经验
R. Dmytriv, V. Stepaniuk, K. Patsaliuk, O. Kovalenko
The article summarizes and systematizes information on assessing the capabilities of collegiate athletic centers in improving the quality of health-enhancing services provided for youth. The aim of the study was to analyze the special Ukrainian and foreign literature focused on identifying the role of collegiate athletic centers in improving the quality of health-enhancing recreational services in the higher education system. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis, generalization and systematization of special scientific and methodological literature, normative and methodological documents, and information resources of the Internet. A systematic analysis of a significant number of scientific works about the organization of physical education in higher education institutions showed the limitations of scientific developments related to the role of collegiate athletic centers in increasing the level of youth involvement in health-enhancing recreational programs of physical activity. This situation prevents solving the problem of improving the quality of physical exercise and sports services provided on the bases of higher education institutions in accordance with the functions assigned to them. The analysis of Ukrainian and foreign experience of organizing the work of collegiate athletic centers demonstrated the significant potential of these organizations in solving the problems of improving the health and increasing physical activity of student youth, whereas, the quality of the services provided was a limiting factor. Approaches to improving the quality of health-enhancing recreational services were proposed based on the generalization of best world practices and existing knowledge about the role of collegiate athletic centers in the system of higher education.
文章总结并系统整理了有关评估高校体育中心在提高为青年提供的健康促进服务质量方面的能力的信息。研究的目的是分析乌克兰和国外的专门文献,重点是确定高校体育中心在提高高等教育系统中增强健康娱乐服务质量方面的作用。采用了以下方法:理论分析、归纳和系统化专门科学和方法文献、规范和方法文件以及互联网信息资源。对大量有关高等院校体育教育组织的科学著作进行的系统分析表明,高校体育中心在提高青少年参与增强体质的娱乐体育活动项目的水平方面所起作用的科学发展存在局限性。这种情况阻碍了在高等院校基础上根据其职能提高体育锻炼和体育服务质量问题的解决。对乌克兰和外国高校体育中心工作组织经验的分析表明,这些组织在解决改善青年学生体质和增加体育活动方面具有巨大潜力,而服务质量则是一个限制因素。在归纳世界最佳做法和有关高校体育中心在高等教育系统中作用的现有知识的基础上,提出了提高增进健康娱乐服务质量的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Medico-biological aspects of physical training of students of higher education institutions 高等院校学生体育训练的医学生物方面
T. Denysovets, O. Kvak, V. Hohots, P. Khomenko
The article analyzes the medical and biological aspects of the physical training of students of higher education institutions. The organizational and methodical principles on which the innovative educational technology of implementing the health-forming orientation of modernized physical education is based are highlighted. It was established that the level of physical culture of young people is determined, first of all, by special education in this field, the perceived need to use physical exercises and other types of motor activity for the purpose of strengthening health and comprehensive self-improvement. On the basis of the analysis of a complex of literary sources, the goal of physical education is summarized, which consists in improving the health, education and education of student youth. The use of medical and biological aspects for the study of physical culture and health measures, where physical training is considered from the standpoint of the formation of skills of motor activity of the individual and the biological properties of the human body, is substantiated. The typological characteristics of the modern system of physical education in higher education institutions of Ukraine are determined; the interaction of medical, biological and cultural aspects of physical culture, which contribute to increasing the productivity of educational and physical culture and health activities, is scientifically substantiated. Medical-biological aspects include the study of health problems and the physical condition of people, their use for the study of physical culture and health measures is determined by the fact that physical training is considered from the point of view of the formation of motor activity and biological properties of the body. The specificity of the motivational and value component of the medical and biological training of future specialists was investigated on the basis of a questionnaire of higher education applicants. It has been proven that more attention should be paid to the promotion of sports and physical culture in the institution of higher education, to fully provide classrooms for classes with modern sports equipment and inventory, to actively include student youth in the process of physical education and mass sports events.
文章分析了高等院校学生体育训练的医学和生物学方面。文章强调了实施现代化体育教育健康培养方向的创新教育技术所依据的组织和方法原则。研究表明,青少年的体育文化水平首先取决于在这一领域的特殊教育、对利用体育锻炼和其他类型的运动活动来增强体质和全面提高自我的认识需求。在对各种文学资料进行分析的基础上,总结了体育教育的目标,即改善青年学生的健康、教育和教学。从个人运动技能的形成和人体生物特性的角度考虑体育训练,证实了在研究体育和健康措施时使用医学和生物学方面的知识。确定了乌克兰高等院校现代体育教育体系的类型特征;科学地论证了体育文化的医学、生物学和文化方面的相互作用,这有助于提高教育和体育文化与健康活动的效率。医学-生物学方面包括对健康问题和人的身体状况的研究,它们在体育文化和健康措施研究中的应用是由体育训练是从运动活动的形成和身体的生物特性角度考虑的这一事实决定的。在对高等教育申请者进行问卷调查的基础上,对未来专家医学和生物学培训的动机和价值组成部分的特殊性进行了研究。事实证明,应更加重视在高等院校中推广体育运动和体育文化,在教室中充分配备现代体育器材和器材清单,积极吸收青年学生参与体育教育和群众体育赛事。
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引用次数: 0
Features of the influence of special strength training on performance in competitive activities in Mixed Martial Arts (example of horting) 综合格斗竞技活动中特殊力量训练对成绩影响的特点(以霍尔廷为例)
S. Fedorov, O. Andrijchuk, I. Hlukhov, K. Drobot, K. Abramov, O. Pyshka
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the specific influence of strength training in horting on the effectiveness of the implementation of the functional adaptation potential of the athletes' body and their level of technical and tactical skill in the process of competitive activity. In the process of the research, a comparative analysis of the results of the matches between the athletes of all three experimental groups identified at the stage of selection for the championship of Ukraine was carried out after three months of using experimental models of strength training classes and during the competition for the selection for the Cup of Ukraine. The results of the study showed that the number of victories of athletes of the second group at this stage of the study during qualifying matches decreased by 41.7% compared to the previous results. At that time, on the contrary, among the athletes of the third group, we observe an increase in the effectiveness of competitive activity by 62.5% compared to the number of victories recorded during qualifying matches for the championship of Ukraine before the use of the experimental model of strength training classes. In the process of analyzing the results of competitive activity recorded in at the end of the study, during qualifying matches for the Cup of Ukraine, it was found that among the athletes of the second group, compared to the magnificent indicators of the previous control, we observed the largest decrease in the number of victories by 4 times due to technical knockout. At the same time, among the athletes of this group, the indicator of the number of victories obtained due to knockout decreased by 50.0% compared to the results that were revealed during the qualifying competitions before the start of the application of the proposed experimental model of training sessions. The corresponding negative dynamics to a 3-fold decrease in the number of victories obtained in matches with athletes of the third group in the conditions of the use of suffocating techniques, we record in the participants of the second group at this stage of the study compared to the results found in previous competitions.
文章专门研究了霍尔廷力量训练对运动员身体机能适应潜力的有效发挥及其在竞技活动过程中的技战术水平的具体影响问题。在研究过程中,对在乌克兰锦标赛选拔阶段确定的所有三个实验组的运动员在使用力量训练课实验模式三个月后和在乌克兰杯选拔赛期间的比赛结果进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,在这一阶段的研究中,第二组运动员在预选赛中的胜利次数比之前的结果减少了 41.7%。与此相反,在第三组运动员中,我们发现与使用力量训练班实验模式之前的乌克兰锦标赛预选赛胜利场次相比,竞技活动的有效性提高了 62.5%。在对研究结束时乌克兰杯预选赛期间记录的竞技活动结果进行分析的过程中发现,在第二组运动员中,与之前对照组的华丽指标相比,我们观察到由于技术性淘汰,获胜场次减少了 4 倍,降幅最大。同时,在该组运动员中,因淘汰而获得的胜利次数指标与开始应用所提议的训练课实验模式之前的预选赛结果相比,下降了 50.0%。在使用窒息技术的条件下,在与第三组运动员的比赛中,我们发现第二组参赛选手在本研究阶段的胜利次数与之前比赛的结果相比减少了 3 倍。
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引用次数: 0
Factors affecting the formation of the motivation of children and teenagers to engage in eSports 影响儿童和青少年参与电子竞技动机形成的因素
M. Yarmolenko, Volodymyr Zhukov, Oleksandr Akishev
The article examines the factors affecting the formation of children and teenager’s motivation to engage in eSports. Considering the annual increase in the number of children and teenagers who are fond of gaming and later join professional eSports activities, it is interesting to investigate their motivation in order to attract more people willing to engage in this kind of sport. It will also allow to influence the effectiveness of their sports training and achieve high results. There were analyzed the main indicators of cognitive activity of children and teenagers during the game. It has been proven that 50.0% of players have a high level of motivation, 30% - medium and 20% - low. Children and teenagers are interested and enthusiastic about eSports under the influence of the following factors: gameplay; interest in the theme of the game; graphics and sound support; multiplayer mode; variety of tasks; shared experience; possibility of self-expression; positive feedback about eSports discipline. It was established that the most influential motives for children and teenagers to engage in eSports are entertainment (16 points), social (28 points) and escapism (36 points), and the least influential motives are personal (67 points), material (70 points) and health (78 points).
文章探讨了影响儿童和青少年参与电子竞技动机形成的因素。考虑到喜欢游戏并在后来加入职业电子竞技活动的儿童和青少年人数逐年增加,为了吸引更多的人愿意从事这种运动,对他们的动机进行调查是很有意义的。这也有助于影响他们的体育训练效果并取得好成绩。对儿童和青少年在比赛中的认知活动的主要指标进行了分析。结果表明,50.0% 的球员有较高的积极性,30% 的球员有中等积极性,20% 的球员有较低的积极性。儿童和青少年对电子竞技的兴趣和热情受到以下因素的影响:游戏性;对游戏主题的兴趣;图形和声音支持;多人模式;任务的多样性;共享经验;自我表达的可能性;对电子竞技纪律的积极反馈。结果表明,对儿童和青少年参与电子竞技影响最大的动机是娱乐(16 分)、社交(28 分)和逃避现实(36 分),影响最小的动机是个人(67 分)、物质(70 分)和健康(78 分)。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL TRAINING IN THE FORMATION OF PATRIOTIC VALUES AMONG YOUTH: THE EXPERIENCE OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES 体育训练在青年爱国主义价值观形成中的作用:不同国家的经验
V. Sereteli, S. Grdzelidze, S. Hirny
The article is aimed at analysing different approaches to the use of physical training for the formation of patriotic values among young people in different countries. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of physical training on the formation of patriotic values among young people, taking into account the experience of the USA, Israel and Japan. The research methodology is based on the analysis of literature sources, comparative analysis of approaches to physical training and empirical research, including the collection and analysis of data on physical training programmes and their impact on the formation of patriotic values. One of the key findings is that in the United States, Israel and Japan, physical fitness plays an important role in the lives of young people and in the education of national consciousness. This confirms the importance of a healthy lifestyle and physical development as a component of the overall well-being of society. The scientific novelty lies in the systematisation and comparative analysis of data from different countries, which allows us to identify common trends and identify the specifics of each approach. The study has shown that specific approaches and strategies to using physical fitness to foster patriotic values may differ depending on the cultural and historical context of each country. The findings of the study confirm that the use of physical education to promote patriotic values is an effective approach in all three countries. Through joint training, sports competitions and military training, group identity and a sense of belonging to the country are built. The generalisation of the research findings provides grounds for recommendations on how to use the positive experience of the leading countries in this area to support patriotic values and national identity in Ukraine, especially in the aftermath of the full-scale military invasion by the Russian Federation.
本文旨在分析不同国家利用体育训练培养青少年爱国主义价值观的不同方法。研究的目的是结合美国、以色列和日本的经验,分析体育训练对青少年爱国主义价值观形成的影响。研究方法以文献资料分析、体能训练方法比较分析和实证研究为基础,包括收集和分析有关体能训练计划及其对爱国主义价值观形成的影响的数据。主要研究结果之一是,在美国、以色列和日本,体育健身在年轻人的生活和民族意识教育中发挥着重要作用。这证实了健康生活方式和体育发展作为社会整体福祉组成部分的重要性。科学的新颖性在于对来自不同国家的数据进行系统化和比较分析,这使我们能够发现共同的趋势,并确定每种方法的具体特点。研究表明,利用体育健身来培养爱国主义价值观的具体方法和策略可能因各国的文化和历史背景而有所不同。研究结果证实,在这三个国家,利用体育教育促进爱国价值观是一种有效的方法。通过联合训练、体育比赛和军事训练,建立了对国家的群体认同和归属感。对研究结果的归纳为如何利用该领域领先国家的积极经验来支持乌克兰的爱国价值观和国家认同提供了建议依据,尤其是在俄罗斯联邦全面军事入侵之后。
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引用次数: 0
Modern technology for training qualified runners for medium distances (800, 1500 m) 培训合格中长跑运动员(800 米、1500 米)的现代技术
V. I. Bobrovnyk, M.L. Tkachenko, D.O. Puhachov
The athletic result in middle-distance running is ensured by a combination of the body's functional capabilities (general and special endurance), speed and strength qualities, and stable running technique. Therefore, there is a need to develop training microcycles that affect the fundamental training of middle-distance runners in the autumn-winter preparatory and winter competitive period, taking into account the development and maintenance of the necessary components of physical qualities, which in turn will be the foundation for the realization of these abilities during the winter competitive period. When running exercises were performed, the instrumental method of radio telemetry was used. Thanks to this instrumental method, we were able to check whether middle-distance runners at the stage of specialized basic training can perform loads with a certain intensity (maintain a given speed, number of series, number of times, and whether they have time to recover in a certain period of time). This method helped in the development of model weekly training microcycles of middle-distance runners, thanks to the assessment of the physiological training curve, determination of heart rate in the morning at rest, during warm-up, during exercise, during rest between repetitions or series, heart rate after training. The method allows you to correctly choose exercises for a specific day of the week, determine the nature of the load and the number of these exercises and series. Thus, we developed 7 model microcycles at different stages of the autumn-winter preparatory and winter competition period.
中长跑的运动成绩是由身体机能(一般耐力和特殊耐力)、速度和力量素质以及稳定 的跑步技术共同保证的。因此,有必要制定影响中长跑运动员在秋冬备战期和冬季竞技期基本训练的微周期训练,同时考虑到身体素质必要组成部分的发展和保持,这反过来又是在冬季竞技期实现这些能力的基础。在进行跑步练习时,使用了无线电遥测的仪器方法。通过这种仪器方法,我们可以检查处于专业基础训练阶段的中长跑运动员是否能以一定强度完成负荷(保持一定速度、系列数、次数,以及是否有时间在一定时间内恢复)。这种方法有助于制定中长跑运动员每周训练微周期模型,这要归功于对生理训练曲线的评估,对早晨休息时、热身时、运动时、重复或系列间歇时心率的测定,以及训练后心率的测定。通过该方法,您可以正确选择一周中某一天的练习,确定负荷的性质以及这些练习和系列练习的次数。因此,我们在秋冬备战期和冬季比赛期的不同阶段制定了 7 个微循环模型。
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引用次数: 0
Professional and applied physical training as the main type of military professional activity of cadets 专业和应用体能训练是士官生军事专业活动的主要类型
O. Rymar, V. Zolochevskyi, O. Zonov, O. Matveiko, O. Tkachuk, T. Liudovyk, I. Danylishyn
Abstract. The readiness of the Armed Forces to repel the armed aggression of the Russian Federation is determined by many factors, one of which is the training of personnel. The activities of all military specialists, including physical training specialists, are aimed at ensuring a high level of personnel training. This is due to the fact that the development of physical qualities, formation and improvement of military-applied skills and abilities of servicemen is the key to successful combat operations. Physical readiness is the physical condition of a serviceman characterized by appropriate bodily development, certain functional resources of the body and the required level of motor fitness, which ensures the successful performance of combat missions for the purpose. Automation, computerization of military equipment and changes in the methods of warfare have led to a decrease in the share of physical effort in its control and muscle work in the structure of professional combat activity of servicemen in general, and at the same time increased the level of neuropsychological stress and tension, expanded the range of adverse factors of military combat activity. The connection between physical fitness and combat activity of servicemen of some military specialties has become hidden and indirect. Reforming educational institutions in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires addressing global issues of improvement and finding new ways to solve the problems of vocational training of military personnel. The effective performance of cadets in educational institutions largely depends on their professional and applied training. One of the main tasks of teaching cadets the techniques and methods of ensuring professional and personal safety in emergency circumstances and in extreme conditions is to improve their firearms skills, as well as to increase the level of resistance to physical activity in training and service activities. The most important components of the professional skills of cadets of educational institutions are physical, professional and applied physical, psychological and firearms training. They belong to the cycle of professional disciplines and are designed to promote readiness for armed defense of the law, to maintain the constant readiness of future defenders to resolutely and skillfully stop illegal acts using physical force, special means and firearms.
摘要武装部队击退俄罗斯联邦武装侵略的准备状态由许多因素决定,其中之一就是人员培训。包括体能训练专家在内的所有军事专家的活动都旨在确保高水平的人员培训。这是因为军人身体素质的发展、军事应用技能和能力的形成和提高是战斗行动取得成功的关键。体能准备是指军人的身体状况,其特点是身体发育适当、身体有一定的机能资源和达到所需的运动健身水平,从而确保成功完成战斗任务。军事装备的自动化、计算机化和作战方法的变化,导致在一般军人的专业作战活动结构中,体力劳动在其控制和肌肉工作中所占的比例下降,同时增加了神经心理压力和紧张程度,扩大了军事作战活动不利因素的范围。某些军事专业军人的体能与战斗活动之间的联系变得隐蔽和间接。要改革乌克兰武装部队的教育机构,就必须解决全球性的改进问题,并找到解决军事人员职业培训问题的新方法。士官生在教育机构的有效表现在很大程度上取决于他们的专业和应用培训。向军校学员传授在紧急情况和极端条件下确保职业和人身安全的技术和方法的主要任务之一,是提高他们的枪械技能,以及在训练和服务活动中提高抵抗体力活动的水平。教育机构学员专业技能最重要的组成部分是体能、专业和应用体能、心理和枪械训练。它们属于专业学科周期,旨在促进武装保卫法律的准备,使未来的保卫者时刻做好准备,坚决、熟练地使用武力、特殊手段和枪支制止非法行为。
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引用次数: 0
EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATION OF EXPRESSED BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS IN STUDENTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS 压力影响下学生行为反应的情绪表现
Nataliia Havrylova, O. Mokhunko
In this article, we will look at why people react differently to stress. We will analyze the results of a number of empirical studies of individual differences in students' reactions to stress during study and outside study time. We will explore the factors that influence individual differences in the emergence of a stress response. We compare genetic, acquired, and dispositional individual differences and give examples of each of these categories to show how one or another difference affects the occurrence of stress. Traditionally, psychologists have paid much attention to how people cope with stress and how they react to stressors. Much of this interest is based on the general belief that some people are more prone to stress and more vulnerable than "others". Therefore, people are distributed within some continuum of stress resistance. It turned out that some people are prone to stress, while others rarely experience stress even under difficult conditions. This idea has attracted the interest of universities because this approach makes it possible to identify stress factors that determine the contingent with a stable psyche. In the field of education, this idea is attractive because it implies the possibility of identifying people who are prone to stress, with the help of which appropriate stress management programs can be developed. The analysis of scientific literature shows that the value of self- assessment of the complex of stress manifestations will be the higher, the worse the subject feels, the less he believes in his strength, abilities, energy, independence, the lower the assessment of his ability to control his own life and be independent [1].
在本文中,我们将探讨人们对压力做出不同反应的原因。我们将分析一些实证研究的结果,这些研究针对的是学生在学习期间和学习之外对压力反应的个体差异。我们将探讨影响压力反应出现的个体差异的因素。我们将比较遗传、后天和性格方面的个体差异,并分别举例说明这种或那种差异如何影响压力的产生。传统上,心理学家非常关注人们如何应对压力以及如何对压力源做出反应。这种关注在很大程度上是基于这样一种普遍看法,即有些人比 "其他人 "更容易受到压力,也更容易受到伤害。因此,人们的抗压能力分布在某种连续统一体中。事实证明,有些人容易受到压力,而有些人即使在困难的条件下也很少受到压力。这一观点引起了大学的兴趣,因为这种方法可以确定决定心理稳定的特遣队的压力因素。在教育领域,这种想法很有吸引力,因为它意味着有可能确定哪些人容易产生压力,并在此基础上制定适当的压力管理计划。科学文献分析表明,压力表现综合体的自我评估值越高,受试者的感觉就越糟糕,他就越不相信自己的力量、能力、精力和独立性,对自己控制生活和独立能力的评估就越低[1]。
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引用次数: 0
The first press release about the meetings of football teams in Mykolaіv 关于米科拉涅夫足球队会议的第一份新闻稿
I. Martsincovskiy
Local periodicals of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were studied. and local history literature from the funds of the State Archive of the Mykolaiv Region, the National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadskyi, the Odesa National Scientific Library, and the Mykolaiv Regional Universal Scientific Library to find out the history of the beginning of the game of football in Mykolaiv. In the shipbuilding city of Mykolaiv, which was previously closed to foreigners, where the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire was located, the possibility of commercial ships entering began in 1862, when the Commercial Port was opened with permission for the entry of foreign ships to visit and stay in the city of foreigners. Mykolaiv became one of the important ports for grain trade, where many foreign representative offices and banks were opened, commercial shipbuilding began to develop, and the cultural life of the city intensified. According to later local studies, it was established that, based on the memories of contemporaries, the first football meetings in Mykolaiv were started at the end of the 19th century. foreign sailors of merchant ships. Having adopted football traditions from foreigners, in 1901–1902 the teams of the city gymnasium and real school played football, and from 1906, the teams of the mechanical and technical school. At this time, street and district city football teams are created. Despite the fact that the first friendly meetings of football teams took place at the end of the 19th century, reports about the matches appeared in the local press only at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1908, Charles Bate, an employee of the bread office, organized the "Zebra" team, which played with foreigners and teams from educational institutions and sports clubs both in Mykolaiv and Odesa. Football matches took place on adapted sites, first near the Commercial Port, and later in different areas of the city. The referees of the matches were elected collegially from representatives of both opposing teams. Football matches were played according to English rules. The game of football at the time of its coverage in the local press was popular among the townspeople, especially among the youth of educational institutions, intelligentsia, and port workers. Newspaper articles cite examples of the presence of a significant number of spectators and fans, in connection with which the police had to be called in to maintain order. Local periodicals published not only announcements about scheduled meetings of football teams, notes with analysis of matches and their results, but also training schedules and sportsmen's runs around the city. Press publications announcing scheduled meetings, emotions from matches, the opportunity to observe and participate in joint training with popular athletes in the city contributed to the spread of football in the city. Most often, notes about football matches were printed by the "Nikolaevskaya newsp
研究了 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初的地方期刊,并从米科廖夫州国家档案馆、乌克兰国家图书馆(以 V. I. Vernadskyi 命名)、敖德萨国家科学图书馆和米科廖夫州通用科学图书馆的基金中获得了地方历史文献,以了解足球运动在米科廖夫开始的历史。在米科廖夫这座以前不对外国人开放的造船城市,俄罗斯帝国黑海舰队司令部所在地,1862 年开始允许商船进入,当时开放了商港,允许外国船只进入这座外国人的城市访问和停留。米科拉耶夫成为重要的粮食贸易港口之一,许多外国代表处和银行在此开业,商业造船业开始发展,城市的文化生活也日益丰富。根据后来的地方研究,根据同时代人的回忆,米科拉耶夫的第一次足球比赛是在 19 世纪末由商船上的外国水手开始的。在继承了外国人的足球传统后,1901-1902 年,市体校和实校的球队开始踢足球,从 1906 年开始,机械和技术学校的球队也开始踢足球。此时,街道和区级城市足球队也应运而生。尽管足球队的首次友谊赛在 19 世纪末就已举行,但有关比赛的报道直到 20 世纪初才出现在当地报刊上。1908 年,面包局雇员查尔斯-贝特组织了 "斑马 "队,与外国人以及来自米科来夫和敖德萨教育机构和体育俱乐部的球队进行了比赛。足球比赛在经过调整的场地进行,先是在商业港口附近,后来在城市的不同地区进行。比赛的裁判是从对阵双方的代表中共同选出的。足球比赛按照英国规则进行。在当地媒体报道足球比赛时,足球在城里人中很受欢迎,尤其是在教育机构的年轻人、知识分子和港口工人中。报纸上的文章举例说明了大量观众和球迷的出现,警察不得不出动维持秩序。当地期刊不仅刊登了足球队预定比赛的公告、比赛分析和比赛结果的说明,还刊登了训练时间表和运动员在市内的跑步活动。新闻刊物公布的会议安排、比赛感言、观摩和参加与市内热门运动员联合训练的机会,都有助于足球在城市中的传播。有关足球比赛的报道通常由 "尼古拉耶夫斯卡亚报 "刊载,该报在市民中很受欢迎,可能有一名体育记者与该报合作,但该记者没有标明自己的姓氏,也没有用密码 "Z-a "署名。
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Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports)
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