Annals of Epidemiology最新文献_第6页

Lung cancer mortality attributable to smoking: a multi-scenario analysis with variable lag periods 吸烟导致的肺癌死亡率：具有可变滞后期的多情景分析。

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.011

María Isolina Santiago-Pérez , Carla Guerra-Tort , Esther López-Vizcaíno , Lucía Martín-Gisbert , Ana Teijeiro , Guadalupe García , Julia Rey-Brandariz , Alberto Ruano-Ravina , Mónica Pérez-Ríos

Purpose

The estimation of smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is subject to the acceptance of different assumptions that may influence the estimates. We aimed to assess lung cancer mortality attributable to smoking by using both a prevalence-independent method (PIM) and a prevalence-dependent method (PDM) with different lags between exposure (smoking prevalence) and outcome (lung cancer mortality).

Methods

We estimated the population attributable fractions (PAF) and the lung cancer SAM by sex and age group (35–64, 65–84 years), year-by-year from 2011 to 2020, in four scenarios in Spain. In three of these scenarios, a PDM was applied using different lags: no lag, a 15-year lag and a 20-year lag. In the fourth scenario, a PIM was applied.

Results

In the period 2011–2020 in Spain, the SAM was higher when the 20-year lag PDM was considered (173,526 deaths) and lower when no lag PDM or a PIM was applied (161,249 and 157,390 deaths, respectively). In men, the PAFs were similar between the no lag PDM and the PIM (86.7 % and 87.3 %, respectively). However, when a PDM 15-year or 20-year lag was considered, the PAF increased to 91.0 % and 92.3 %, respectively. In women, the lowest PAF was obtained with the PIM (57.3 %), and the highest with the PDM 20-year lag (79.4 %).

Conclusions

SAM estimates differ depending on the methods and lags used. Applying a 15-year or 20-year lag PDM yields higher SAM estimates than when no lag PDM or a PIM is used. Therefore, when feasible, smoking prevalence data that incorporate a lag of 15 or 20 years between exposure and result should be used for accurate estimates.

目的：吸烟归因死亡率（SAM）的估计取决于对可能影响估计的不同假设的接受程度。我们的目的是通过使用患病率独立方法（PIM）和患病率依赖方法（PDM）来评估肺癌可归因死亡率，这两种方法在暴露（吸烟率）和结果（肺癌死亡率）之间存在不同的滞后。方法：从2011年到2020年，我们按性别和年龄组（35-64岁，65-84岁）对西班牙四种情况的人口归因分数（PAF）和肺癌SAM进行了逐年估算。在其中三种情况下，使用不同的滞后来应用PDM：无滞后、15年滞后和20年滞后。在第四个场景中，应用了PIM。结果：在2011-2020年期间，西班牙考虑20年滞后PDM时，SAM较高（173,526例死亡），而不考虑滞后PDM或PIM时，SAM较低（分别为161,249例和157,390例死亡）。在男性中，无滞后PDM和PIM之间的paf相似（分别为86.7%和87.3%）。然而，当考虑到15年或20年的PDM滞后时，PAF增加到91.0%和92.3%。在女性中，PIM组PAF最低（57.3%），PDM组PAF最高（79.4%）。结论：SAM的估计因使用的方法和滞后而不同。应用15年或20年滞后PDM比不使用滞后PDM或PIM产生更高的SAM估计。因此，在可行的情况下，应使用从接触到结果之间滞后15或20年的吸烟率数据进行准确估计。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical presentation of seasonal respiratory viruses in California, May 2020–July 2022 2020年5月- 2022年7月加州季节性呼吸道病毒的临床表现

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.09.024

Samuel Schildhauer , Lauren Linde , Stephanie Bertsch-Merbach , Gail L. Sondermeyer Cooksey , Christina Morales , Estela Saguar , April Hatada , Blanca Molinar , Debra A. Wadford , Seema Jain , Jake M. Pry , CalSRVSS County Collaborators

Purpose

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused disruptions in the transmission of seasonal respiratory viruses. COVID-19 is characterized by a range of non-specific symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate from other seasonal respiratory viruses. The goal of this analysis was to further understand trends in the circulation and differences in reported symptoms between respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

From May 2020 to July 2022 a sentinel surveillance program collected data and respiratory specimens in outpatient settings across California and tested them for 19 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed by identified respiratory pathogen to describe trends and clinical presentations. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds of each respiratory pathogen by reported symptoms.

Results

We included results from 19,183 specimens, of which 8599 (44.8 %) tested positive for a pathogen, including 3742 (20.0 %) for SARS-CoV-2 and 3057 (15.9 %) for rhinovirus/enterovirus. Those reporting systemic symptoms had significantly higher adjusted odds of testing positive for influenza (aOR=9.2; 95 %CI, 6.7–13.1) or SARS-CoV-2 (aOR=2.4; 95 %CI, 2.2–2.6).

Conclusions

The variability in testing positive for a pathogen among people reporting different symptom profiles suggests a potential benefit of complete testing algorithms to complement syndromic diagnostics, improving public health awareness and clinical guidance.

目的：2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行导致季节性呼吸道病毒传播中断。COVID-19的特点是一系列非特异性症状，因此难以与其他季节性呼吸道病毒区分开来。该分析的目的是进一步了解COVID-19大流行期间呼吸道病原体之间的循环趋势和报告症状的差异。方法：从2020年5月到2022年7月，一项哨点监测项目收集了加利福尼亚州门诊地区的数据和呼吸道标本，并对其进行了19种呼吸道病毒检测。通过识别呼吸道病原体来分析数据，以描述趋势和临床表现。采用多元逻辑回归方法根据报告的症状估计每种呼吸道病原体的几率。结果：我们纳入了19183份标本的结果，其中8599份（44.8%）病原体检测呈阳性，其中3742份（20.0%）为SARS-CoV-2, 3057份（15.9%）为鼻病毒/肠道病毒。报告出现全身性症状的患者出现流感（aOR=9.2; 95%CI, 6.7-13.1）或SARS-CoV-2 （aOR=2.4; 95%CI, 2.2-2.6）检测阳性的调整后几率明显更高。结论：在报告不同症状的人群中，病原体检测呈阳性的差异强调了完整的检测算法在补充综合征诊断、提高公众卫生意识和临床指导方面的潜在益处。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between BMI, body size perception, and dropout from upper secondary education: A prospective cohort study of 15–19-year-old adolescents BMI、体型感知和高中辍学之间的关系：一项对15 - 19岁青少年的前瞻性队列研究

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.010

Laura Staxen Bruun , Cecilie Bladt , Katrine Strandberg-Larsen , Vibeke Tornhøj Christensen , Jane Greve , Elisabeth Reichel Hansen , Janne S. Tolstrup

Purpose

To examine the independent associations of BMI and body size perception with dropout from upper secondary education.

Methods

Data from the Danish National Youth Study 2014, including 63,976 students aged 15–19 years, were linked to information on school dropout from the Student Register. Multilevel logistic regressions were employed to examine how BMI and body size perception were each associated with school dropout. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the role of body size perception in the BMI-dropout association.

Results

Both low and high BMI were associated with higher odds of school dropout, following a U-shaped pattern across the BMI continuum. For instance, females with a BMI above 30 kg/m² had an OR of 2.37 (95 % CI: 1.74;3.27), compared to those with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m². Adjusting for body size perception, ORs attenuated for students with a BMI above the median. Body size perception mediated a substantial proportion of the BMI-dropout association. Students who perceived themselves as too thin or fat also had higher odds of dropout. For instance, females who perceived themselves as ‘much too fat’ had an OR of 2.66 (95 % CI: 2.17;3.25), compared to those who perceived themselves as ‘about right size’. Adjusting for BMI had only minor impact on ORs.

Conclusion

Low and high BMI, as well as the perception of not being the right size, were associated with higher odds of dropout from upper secondary education. Adjusted for body size perception, the association between BMI and dropout attenuated, suggesting that body size perception plays a crucial role in this relationship. Body size perception partly explains the BMI-dropout relationship, highlighting a need for more comprehensive approaches focusing adolescents’ perceptions of their bodies alongside actual weight to reduce school dropout.

目的探讨身体质量指数、体型感知与高中辍学率的独立关系。方法来自2014年丹麦国家青年研究的数据，包括63976名15-19岁的学生，与学生登记册中的辍学信息相关联。采用多水平逻辑回归来检验BMI和体型感知与辍学之间的关系。进行中介分析以评估身体尺寸感知在bmi -辍学关联中的作用。结果BMI指数高和低都与较高的辍学率相关，在BMI连续体上呈u型模式。例如，与BMI为18.5-24.9 kg/m2的女性相比，BMI高于30 kg/m2的女性的OR为2.37（95 % CI: 1.74;3.27）。调整体型感知后，BMI高于中位数的学生的or值减弱。体型感知在bmi与辍学之间起着重要的中介作用。认为自己太瘦或太胖的学生退学的几率也更高。例如，认为自己“太胖”的女性与认为自己“身材适中”的女性相比，OR为2.66（95 % CI: 2.17;3.25）。调整BMI对ORs的影响很小。结论高、低体重指数，以及自我感觉体型不合适，与高中辍学率高相关。调整体型感知后，BMI和辍学之间的关联减弱，表明体型感知在这一关系中起着至关重要的作用。身体尺寸感知在一定程度上解释了bmi与辍学的关系，强调需要更全面的方法来关注青少年对自己身体的感知和实际体重，以减少辍学。

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引用次数: 0

Joint spatial modelling of COVID-19 severity among seniors: A Bayesian shared component approach using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada 老年人COVID-19严重程度的联合空间建模：使用加拿大安大略省卫生行政数据的贝叶斯共享成分方法

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.004

Nushrat Nazia, Charmaine Dean

Purpose

Jointly monitoring adverse COVID-19 outcomes among seniors is critical for assessing outbreak severity. These outcomes are often influenced by socioeconomic and demographic conditions and may co-occur in space, indicating shared structural risks that inform targeted responses.

Methods

We analyzed severe COVID-19 outcomes among adults aged 65 + in Ontario (January 2020–March 2022) using data from the Ontario Health Data Platform supported by ICES. A Bayesian shared component model with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation at the forward sortation area level included socioeconomic and demographic covariates.

Results

The shared component explained ∼75 % of the total modeled spatial variability. High risks clustered in southern Ontario, while lower risks occurred in central and northern regions. Material deprivation was positively associated with death (RR 1.12, 95 % CrI: 1.04–1.21) and multiple hospitalizations (RR 1.20, 95 % CrI: 1.13–1.29). Racialized/newcomer population concentration was positively associated with death (RR 1.25, 95 % CrI: 1.14–1.38) and with single hospitalizations (RR 1.18, 95 % CrI: 1.11–1.24). The percentage of seniors was inversely associated with hospitalization (RR 0.98, 95 % CrI: 0.96–0.99) but not death.

Conclusions

Findings highlight structural inequities in pandemic severity and suggest targeted, equity-oriented strategies in guiding pandemic preparedness and response.

目的：联合监测老年人COVID-19不良结局对评估疫情严重程度至关重要。这些结果往往受到社会经济和人口条件的影响，并可能在空间中同时发生，表明共同的结构性风险为有针对性的对策提供了信息。方法：我们使用由ICES支持的安大略省健康数据平台的数据，分析安大略省65岁以上成年人（2020年1月至2022年3月）的严重COVID-19结局。在前向分类区域水平上，采用集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似的贝叶斯共享分量模型包含社会经济和人口统计协变量。结果：共享分量解释了75%的空间变异性。高风险集中在安大略省南部，而风险较低的地区发生在中部和北部地区。物质剥夺与死亡（RR 1.12, 95% CrI: 1.04-1.21）和多次住院（RR 1.20, 95% CrI: 1.13-1.29）呈正相关。种族化/新移民人口集中与死亡呈正相关（RR 1.25, 95% CrI: 1.14-1.38），与单次住院呈正相关（RR 1.18, 95% CrI: 1.11-1.24）。老年人比例与住院率呈负相关（RR 0.98, 95% CrI: 0.96-0.99），但与死亡无关。结论：研究结果突出了大流行严重程度的结构性不平等，并建议在指导大流行防范和应对方面采取有针对性的、以公平为导向的战略。

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引用次数: 0

Unequal strides to longevity. The extra mile to health equity 不平等的跨步走向长寿。向健康公平多走一英里

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.009

Borja del Pozo Cruz PhD , Francisco Perales PhD , Marcin Straczkiewicz PhD , Marcos Matabuena PhD , Jesús del Pozo-Cruz PhD , Rubén López-Bueno PhD

Purpose

To examine differences in all-cause mortality risk reductions associated with daily steps across socioeconomic strata.

Methods

Prospective cohort study using NHANES data (2011–2014) with a median follow-up of 5.9 years among 7032 U.S. adults aged 18–80 years. Exposure was accelerometer-measured daily steps categorized by socioeconomic status using the Ratio of Family Income to Poverty (RFIP; low <1.30, medium 1.30–1.84, high ≥1.85). Outcome was all-cause mortality determined via linkage to the National Death Index through December 2019. Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines and Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) were applied.

Results

Over the follow-up, 452 participants died. Higher daily steps were associated with reduced mortality risk in all socioeconomic groups. However, socioeconomically advantaged individuals experienced greater risk reductions per 1000 daily steps compared to disadvantaged groups (RERI for low vs. high RFIP: –0.115, 95 % CI: –0.189, –0.042). Individuals with low RFIP required 1.2–2.3 times more steps to match the mortality benefits seen in high RFIP groups.

Conclusions

Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations may not benefit equally from daily steps. Addressing the factors contributing to this discrepancy will help maximize the health benefits of walking for all, thereby reducing overall health disparities.

目的研究不同社会经济阶层与每日步数相关的全因死亡风险降低的差异。方法前瞻性队列研究，使用NHANES数据（2011-2014），中位随访5.9年，7032例 美国18-80岁的成年人。暴露是使用家庭收入与贫困比率（RFIP；低<；1.30，中1.30 - 1.84，高≥1.85）按社会经济地位按加速计测量的每日步数进行分类。结果是通过与截至2019年12月的国家死亡指数的联系确定的全因死亡率。采用限制三次样条的Cox比例风险模型和相互作用的相对超额风险（rei）。结果在随访期间，452名参与者死亡。在所有社会经济群体中，较高的每日步数与降低的死亡风险有关。然而，与弱势群体相比，社会经济优势个体每1000步的风险降低幅度更大（低RFIP vs高RFIP的rri: -0.115, 95 % CI: -0.189, -0.042）。低RFIP的个体需要1.2-2.3 倍的步数才能达到高RFIP组的死亡率效益。结论：社会经济弱势群体可能不会从每日步数中获得同等的益处。解决造成这种差异的因素将有助于最大限度地提高步行对所有人的健康益处，从而减少整体健康差距。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal depression comorbid with diabetes or hypertension and the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis 产前抑郁合并糖尿病或高血压和不良新生儿结局的风险：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.002

Biruk Beletew Abate , Berihun Assefa Dachew , Getinet Ayano , Kim Betts , Rosa Alati

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesise evidence on the association between prenatal depression comorbid with diabetes and/or hypertension and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies assessed the effect of comorbid prenatal depression and diabetes or hypertension on obstetric or neonatal outcomes. Methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using inverse-variance weighting. Subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were also performed.

Results

Fourteen studies, comprising over 11 million participants, were included. Prenatal depression comorbid with hypertension was significantly associated with increased risks of preterm birth (OR = 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.04–4.19), low birth weight (LBW) (OR = 2.08; 95 % CI: 1.07–4.07), and small for gestational age (SGA)(OR = 1.34; 95 % CI: 1.11–1.60). Additionally, comorbid prenatal depression and diabetes were associated with higher odds of cesarean section (CS) delivery (OR = 1.42; 95 % CI: 1.36–1.47).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that prenatal depression comorbid with gestational diabetes or hypertension may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, LBW, SGA, and CS delivery. These findings underscore the need for early identification and targeted management of such comorbidities. Integrated treatment approaches that combine mental and physical healthcare may be essential to improve outcomes for both mothers and infants.

目的：本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在综合有关产前抑郁合并糖尿病和/或高血压与新生儿不良结局之间关系的证据。方法：在PubMed、Medline、Scopus、Web of Science、Embase、PsycINFO、谷歌Scholar等网站进行综合文献检索。符合条件的研究评估了合并症产前抑郁和糖尿病或高血压对产科或新生儿结局的影响。使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所的工具评估方法质量。随机效应荟萃分析采用反方差加权。还进行了亚组、敏感性和发表偏倚分析。结果：纳入了14项研究，涉及超过1100万参与者。产前抑郁合并高血压与早产（OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.04-4.19）、低出生体重（OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.07-4.07）和小胎龄（SGA）（OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11-1.60）的风险增加显著相关。此外，合并症产前抑郁和糖尿病与剖宫产（CS）分娩的几率较高相关（OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.36-1.47）。结论：研究结果表明，产前抑郁与妊娠期糖尿病或高血压合并症可能增加不良分娩结局的风险，包括早产、LBW、SGA和CS分娩。这强调了早期识别和有针对性地管理这些合并症的必要性。结合精神和身体保健的特殊治疗方法可能对改善母亲和婴儿的结果至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal trends and source attribution of animal-contact related human nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica outbreaks across the United States, 2009–2022 2009-2022年美国与动物接触相关的人类非伤寒沙门氏菌暴发的时间趋势和来源归因

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.008

Hammad Ur Rehman Bajwa , Suman Bhowmick , Csaba Varga

Purpose

Previous studies have assessed nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) outbreaks associated with animal contact over short periods or single exposures. This study longitudinally evaluates the incidence, temporal trends, and all relevant exposure sources of NTS outbreaks attributed to animal contact in the United States (US) from 2009 to 2022.

Methods

Surveillance data on animal-contact-related NTS single-state outbreaks in the US, reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Outbreak Reporting System between 2009 and 2022, were analyzed. First, yearly and state-specific NTS outbreak incidence rates (IRs) per one million population years (1 MPY) were calculated. Next, join point regression models assessed national and state-specific trends in NTS IRs over the study years. Lastly, the proportion of NTS outbreaks attributed to various animal contact sources was described.

Results

During the 14 years, 104 NTS outbreaks were reported (0.02 per 1 MPY). The highest outbreak IRs were observed in 2014 (0.0534 per 1 MPY), 2018 (0.0459), and 2009 (0.0389). The join point regression analysis did not identify a significant trend in the national NTS outbreak IRs; however, several states were identified with increasing and/or decreasing trends. Contact with mammals was the main exposure category (n = 37 outbreaks, 35.58 %), followed by birds (n = 31, 29.81 %) and reptiles (n = 24).

Conclusions

Continued public health resources to mitigate the health burden of NTS infections are needed. Differences in state-level NTS outbreak IRs call for focused NTS prevention and control programs.

目的：以前的研究评估了与动物短时间接触或单次接触有关的非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）暴发。本研究对2009年至2022年美国由动物接触引起的NTS暴发的发病率、时间趋势和所有相关暴露源进行了纵向评估。方法：分析2009年至2022年间通过国家疫情报告系统向美国疾病控制与预防中心报告的美国动物接触相关NTS单州暴发的监测数据。首先，计算了每百万人年（1mpy）的年度和州特异性NTS暴发发病率（IRs）。接下来，连接点回归模型评估了在研究期间NTS IRs的国家和州特定趋势。最后，描述了由各种动物接触源引起的NTS暴发的比例。结果：在14年中，报告了104例NTS暴发（每1年0.02例）。2014年（0.0534 / 1年）、2018年（0.0459 / 1年）和2009年（0.0389 / 1年）暴发ir最高。联结点回归分析没有发现国家NTS暴发ir的显著趋势；然而，几个州被确定为增加和/或减少的趋势。接触哺乳动物为主要暴露类型（37例，占35.58%），其次为鸟类（31例，占29.81%）和爬行动物（24例）。结论：需要持续的公共卫生资源来减轻NTS感染的健康负担。各州NTS暴发的差异要求有重点的NTS预防和控制规划。

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引用次数: 0

Sexual orientation identity and attraction changes among youth: prospective versus retrospective measurement 青少年的性取向、认同和吸引力变化：前瞻性与回顾性测量。

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.006

Lynsie R. Ranker PhD, MPH , Sabra L. Katz-Wise PhD , Allegra R. Gordon ScD, MPH , R. Korkodilos , Ziming Xuan ScD, SM, MA , Kimberly M. Nelson PhD, MPH

Purpose

Prior work has documented sexual orientation change, or fluidity, among youth over time. Some studies measure change via retrospective recall while others assess change prospectively. It is unclear whether retrospective recall and prospective assessment measure change experiences similarly. The current study examines whether prospectively assessed change in sexual orientation identity (SOI) and attractions aligns with change as assessed via retrospective recall of change.

Methods

US youth (N = 1235), aged 14–25 years, participated in a longitudinal online cohort. Prospective change in SOI and attraction were determined by comparing self-reported SOI and attraction at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Retrospective recall of SOI and attraction change was assessed at 4-month follow-up. The sensitivity and specificity of retrospective recall of change was assessed in relation to change detected prospectively.

Results

Prospectively, 12.8 % of youth changed their reported SOI between baseline and follow-up. Retrospectively, only 5.0 % recalled change for the same period. Prospectively, 21.9 % reported attraction changes between baseline and follow-up. Retrospectively, only 12.4 % recalled attraction changes. Only 17.3 % (95 % CI 11.3, 23.4) who prospectively reported SOI change and 28.7 % (95 % CI 23.3, 34.2) who prospectively reported attraction change also reported change retrospectively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of change in SOI and attractions varied substantially by whether change was assessed prospectively or retrospectively. Researchers and clinicians should consider how the method and timing of assessment may influence their ability to detect changes in SOI and attractions within youth populations. Identification of youth experiencing change is critical for allocation of relevant resources and support.

目的：先前的工作已经记录了性取向的变化，或流动性，随着时间的推移，在青少年中。一些研究通过回顾性回忆来衡量变化，而另一些研究则是前瞻性地评估变化。目前尚不清楚回顾性回忆和前瞻性评估是否同样改变了经验。目前的研究考察了前瞻性评估的性取向、身份（SOI）和吸引力的变化是否与通过回顾性回忆变化评估的变化一致。方法：美国青少年（N= 1235），年龄14-25岁，参与纵向在线队列研究。通过比较基线和4个月随访时自我报告的SOI和吸引力来确定SOI和吸引力的预期变化。在4个月的随访中评估SOI的回顾性回忆和吸引力变化。回顾性回忆变化的敏感性和特异性与前瞻性检测变化的相关性进行了评估。结果：前瞻性地，12.8%的年轻人在基线和随访期间改变了他们报告的SOI。回顾性分析，只有5.0%的人回忆起同一时期的变化。21.9%的人报告了基线和随访期间的吸引力变化。回想起来，只有12.4%的人回忆起吸引力的变化。只有17.3% （95% CI 11.3, 23.4）前瞻性报告SOI变化的患者和28.3% （95% CI 23.3, 34.2）前瞻性报告吸引力变化的患者也回顾性报告了变化。结论：无论是前瞻性评估还是回顾性评估，SOI和吸引力变化的流行程度存在很大差异。研究人员和临床医生应该考虑评估的方法和时间如何影响他们检测青年人群中SOI变化和吸引力的能力。确定正在经历变化的青年对于分配相关资源和支持至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond associations: From theory to interventions in health inequalities research using causal inference 超越关联：使用因果推理的健康不平等研究从理论到干预。

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.10.001

Maria Gueltzow , Maarten J. Bijlsma , Frank J. van Lenthe

One of the central goals of public health is not only to improve the health in the population overall, but also to reduce the unequal distribution of health and disease within the population. Even though a large amount of research is directed towards identifying and understanding health inequalities, much of this research is based on associations. This type of research can help to identify what groups in society are at risk of having worse health but cannot tell us how these inequalities may be reduced. In order to move beyond identifying who is at risk, we illustrate how we can combine the existing theoretical foundations with the counterfactual outcomes framework to understand how health inequalities can be tackled. We show how the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework and the Diderichsen model can be translated into practice through the use of DAGs and notation. This will aid in generating more informative evidence on how certain interventions can reduce inequalities.

公共卫生的中心目标之一不仅是提高全体人口的健康水平，而且还要减少人口中健康和疾病分配的不平等。尽管大量研究的目的是确定和了解健康不平等，但其中许多研究是基于关联。这种类型的研究可以帮助确定社会中哪些群体面临健康状况更差的风险，但不能告诉我们如何减少这些不平等。为了进一步确定谁处于危险之中，我们说明了如何将现有理论基础与反事实结果框架结合起来，以了解如何解决卫生不平等问题。我们展示了健康的社会决定因素委员会（CSDH）框架和Diderichsen模型如何通过使用dag和符号转化为实践。这将有助于产生关于某些干预措施如何减少不平等的更翔实的证据。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The association of preterm birth and small for gestational age with recurrent multisite musculoskeletal pain during early and middle adulthood — The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study” [Ann Epidemiol 111 (2025) 9979] “早产和胎龄小与成年早期和中期复发性多部位肌肉骨骼疼痛的关系-芬兰北部出生队列1966年研究”的勘误表[Ann epidemiology 111 (2025) 9979]

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Annals of Epidemiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.09.023

Sandra-Sofia Nieminen , Jaro Karppinen , Eero Kajantie , Paulo Ferreira , Eveliina Heikkala

引用次数: 0