This research explores the intricate web of the Lapis Route, an ancient trade route that formerly linked Afghanistan with the Mediterranean Sea. This study examines the geographical and historical relevance of this ancient road using a qualitative research approach, building on insights from numerous books, journals, and other sources. It focuses on the valuable lapis lazuli gemstone that contributed to the route's notoriety. The research delves into the various segments of the Lapis Route and its convergence with the Silk Road, unveiling the complex web of commerce that thrived amongst various societies. It reveals the significance of the Silk Road historically and emphasizes how it shaped both economic development and cross-cultural exchange. In addition, the study looks into the economic importance of silk, a highly prized item that traveled the Silk Road and supported the region's economy. The study concludes by examining the historical, cultural, and economic significance of the Silk Road and the Lapis Route in Afghanistan. The report addresses the opportunities and problems related to transit and commercial development, emphasizing the possible advantages of reviving the Silk Road. It highlights the possibilities that the revival of this historic trade route holds for fostering regional collaboration and economic progress. This study provides important insights into the historical, geographical, and economic relevance of the Silk Road and the Lapis Route by analyzing them. It draws attention to the routes' lasting impact and their potential to support Afghanistan's and the region's future economic growth.
{"title":"The Economical and Geographical Importance of Lapis Route","authors":"Mohammad Zaman Samoon, Noor Ahmad Ahmadi","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the intricate web of the Lapis Route, an ancient trade route that formerly linked Afghanistan with the Mediterranean Sea. This study examines the geographical and historical relevance of this ancient road using a qualitative research approach, building on insights from numerous books, journals, and other sources. It focuses on the valuable lapis lazuli gemstone that contributed to the route's notoriety. The research delves into the various segments of the Lapis Route and its convergence with the Silk Road, unveiling the complex web of commerce that thrived amongst various societies. It reveals the significance of the Silk Road historically and emphasizes how it shaped both economic development and cross-cultural exchange. In addition, the study looks into the economic importance of silk, a highly prized item that traveled the Silk Road and supported the region's economy. The study concludes by examining the historical, cultural, and economic significance of the Silk Road and the Lapis Route in Afghanistan. \u0000The report addresses the opportunities and problems related to transit and commercial development, emphasizing the possible advantages of reviving the Silk Road. It highlights the possibilities that the revival of this historic trade route holds for fostering regional collaboration and economic progress. This study provides important insights into the historical, geographical, and economic relevance of the Silk Road and the Lapis Route by analyzing them. It draws attention to the routes' lasting impact and their potential to support Afghanistan's and the region's future economic growth.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Hasham Popal, Mohammad Yar Malakzai, Soorgul Sandakhil
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels (0, 50, 70, 90 & 110 kg N ha-1) of Nitrogen (N) on growth, yield and yield related parameters of wheat (cv. Koshan-02) in Kabul agro-climate condition at the Agricultural Research Farm of Kabul University, during spring 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, each replication consisted of five treatments. Total treatments were (15). The size of each plot was (2mx3m=6m2). The result of our study revealed that the plots treated with highest level (110 kg N ha-1) of N fertilizers produced the highest plant height (85.97cm). maximum number of grains spike-1 (35.74), the highest dry matter (3.937t ha-1), The highest number of tillers m-2 (152.76 m-2), 1000-grain weight (48.94g), grain yield (2891.1kg/ha) large spike length (10.52), number of grains spikelet-1 (2.98), Spikelet number spike-1 (11.54), followed by T4, T3 and T2. It was concluded that all treatments have ranked regarding their efficient effects as ((T5 (110 kg N ha-1> T4 (90 kg N ha-1> T3 (70 kg N ha-1> T2 (50 kg N ha_1> TControl) for all growth, yield and yield helping attributes such as plant height, number of grains spike-1, dry matter (kg ha-1), number of tillers plant-1, 1000-grain weight(g), grain yield (kg ha-1), spike length (cm), number of grains spikelet-1, number of spikelet spike-1, spike number m-2 and number of leaves plant_1. So, for obtaining aimed and desirable yield the application of (110 kg N ha-1) is recommended under research area conditions (Agro-Climatic Condition).
{"title":"Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum estivum L.) Cv. Koshan-02","authors":"Mohammad Hasham Popal, Mohammad Yar Malakzai, Soorgul Sandakhil","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels (0, 50, 70, 90 & 110 kg N ha-1) of Nitrogen (N) on growth, yield and yield related parameters of wheat (cv. Koshan-02) in Kabul agro-climate condition at the Agricultural Research Farm of Kabul University, during spring 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, each replication consisted of five treatments. Total treatments were (15). The size of each plot was (2mx3m=6m2). The result of our study revealed that the plots treated with highest level (110 kg N ha-1) of N fertilizers produced the highest plant height (85.97cm). maximum number of grains spike-1 (35.74), the highest dry matter (3.937t ha-1), The highest number of tillers m-2 (152.76 m-2), 1000-grain weight (48.94g), grain yield (2891.1kg/ha) large spike length (10.52), number of grains spikelet-1 (2.98), Spikelet number spike-1 (11.54), followed by T4, T3 and T2. It was concluded that all treatments have ranked regarding their efficient effects as ((T5 (110 kg N ha-1> T4 (90 kg N ha-1> T3 (70 kg N ha-1> T2 (50 kg N ha_1> TControl) for all growth, yield and yield helping attributes such as plant height, number of grains spike-1, dry matter (kg ha-1), number of tillers plant-1, 1000-grain weight(g), grain yield (kg ha-1), spike length (cm), number of grains spikelet-1, number of spikelet spike-1, spike number m-2 and number of leaves plant_1. So, for obtaining aimed and desirable yield the application of (110 kg N ha-1) is recommended under research area conditions (Agro-Climatic Condition).","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basheer. Abd. Nasralla, Nazar Sh. Mohammed, Salwa S. Muhsen Muhsen
Ninety whole blood samples were collected from women attended Ibn-abalady Hospital/Baghdad city. 60 samples were taken from aborted women and 30 samples were taken from healthy women as a control group, from period 1st October 2022 to 2nd may 2023. According the results, the mean age of aborted women who attacked with toxoplasmois groups were 31.50 ±1.05 versus 34.53±2.09 of control groups with non-statistical differences (P-value=0.2). The results also observed the most cases of 3 (30.0%) among aborted women were at the (27-36) years with 27/60 (73.0%) , while the less cases of toxoplasmosis among aborted women were at the age > 46 years with 3/60 (30.0%),These differences statistically were non-significant (P-value=0.07). The results also observed there were equal cases of toxoplasmosis of women who habited urban and rural regions 30 /60 (66.7%),30 (66.7%) respectively. the levels of IgM (2.01±0.15, 0.13±0.03) and IgG (14.24±0.91, 0.09±0.02) were higher in levels among pregnant women than control groups respectively, these differences in the levels was highly significant (p ≤0.001,≤ 0.001) respectively. the levels of IL-IB (24.32±1.04, 4.64±0.36) and IL-10 (60.67±3.46, 5.61±0.36) were higher in levels among aborted women than control groups respectively, these differences in the levels was highly significant. there were a significant differences in the levels of IgM () among aborted betwen the duration of pregnancy with P-value=0.03,Althogh the the levels of IgG were increased in levls among aborted women during the the first, second and third (14.40±1.41, 15.16±1.77, 12.86±1.62) above the normal range (≥1) respectively. there were non significant differences in the levels of both IL-1B and IL-10 among aborted women during the the first, second and third simister although there were increased in the levels of both IL-1B and IL-10.
{"title":"Polymorphisms of IL-1B And IL-10 Genes in Abortion Due to Toxoplasmosis","authors":"Basheer. Abd. Nasralla, Nazar Sh. Mohammed, Salwa S. Muhsen Muhsen","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety whole blood samples were collected from women attended Ibn-abalady Hospital/Baghdad city. 60 samples were taken from aborted women and 30 samples were taken from healthy women as a control group, from period 1st October 2022 to 2nd may 2023. According the results, the mean age of aborted women who attacked with toxoplasmois groups were 31.50 ±1.05 versus 34.53±2.09 of control groups with non-statistical differences (P-value=0.2). The results also observed the most cases of 3 (30.0%) among aborted women were at the (27-36) years with 27/60 (73.0%) , while the less cases of toxoplasmosis among aborted women were at the age > 46 years with 3/60 (30.0%),These differences statistically were non-significant (P-value=0.07). The results also observed there were equal cases of toxoplasmosis of women who habited urban and rural regions 30 /60 (66.7%),30 (66.7%) respectively. the levels of IgM (2.01±0.15, 0.13±0.03) and IgG (14.24±0.91, 0.09±0.02) were higher in levels among pregnant women than control groups respectively, these differences in the levels was highly significant (p ≤0.001,≤ 0.001) respectively. the levels of IL-IB (24.32±1.04, 4.64±0.36) and IL-10 (60.67±3.46, 5.61±0.36) were higher in levels among aborted women than control groups respectively, these differences in the levels was highly significant. there were a significant differences in the levels of IgM () among aborted betwen the duration of pregnancy with P-value=0.03,Althogh the the levels of IgG were increased in levls among aborted women during the the first, second and third (14.40±1.41, 15.16±1.77, 12.86±1.62) above the normal range (≥1) respectively. there were non significant differences in the levels of both IL-1B and IL-10 among aborted women during the the first, second and third simister although there were increased in the levels of both IL-1B and IL-10.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Salmonella typhoid and paratyphoid are the agents that cause Enteric fever (Typhoid fever). It is primarily a disease of developing countries because of poor sanitation standards. Fever is a prominent and well-known feature of the illness that increases steadily to a maximum degree. The hematological criteria of an affected individual are changed by this infectious disease. To ascertain the different hematological cells parameters in our sample population, we conducted the investigation. Patients and Methodology: The study, which involved 100 Afghans, was carried out at the Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital between June and November of 2022. A case-control study design was used. Fifty individuals (Cases) who had a confirmed diagnosis of Enteric fever (Typhoid fever) based on typhoid (IgG and IgM) were included in the study. As a control group, fifty healthy individuals with negative typhoid (IgG and IgM) results and no other complaints were included in the study. For both the case and control groups, a complete blood count was performed. Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell Count (WBC), and Platelet Count (PLT) are regarded as hematological markers. Every patient was also interviewed, and a questionnaire was employed. Numerous demographic factors were questioned, including sex, age, economic status, level of education, and clinical symptoms. SPSS version 16 was then used to analyze the collected data. Results. In the current research, over all 100 patients were enrolled (50 were case, and 50 were control group). The mean age± SD of the patients under the study were 38.74±15.22 years. The most common hematological changes observed were; anemia (32%), thrombocytopenia (24%), leukocytosis (8%) & leucopenia (22%). Fever was the most common presenting symptom (78%) and abdominal symptoms were about 38%. Most of the people were of lower socioeconomic state and were uneducated. Conclusion: This study shows that Enteric fever is bacterial infection and are acquired by enteral route. This disease commonly affects people of low socioeconomical states and those that are uneducated. Fever was the most commonly presenting symptom in these patients. Enteric fever causes changes in the hematological cells parameters which is probably due to bone marrow suppression, which is transient and shows response to therapy.
{"title":"Effect of Enteric Fever on Hematological Cells Parameters","authors":"Israrullah Rahimee, Mohammad Azim Azimee","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salmonella typhoid and paratyphoid are the agents that cause Enteric fever (Typhoid fever). It is primarily a disease of developing countries because of poor sanitation standards. \u0000Fever is a prominent and well-known feature of the illness that increases steadily to a maximum degree. The hematological criteria of an affected individual are changed by this infectious disease. To ascertain the different hematological cells parameters in our sample population, we conducted the investigation. \u0000Patients and Methodology: The study, which involved 100 Afghans, was carried out at the Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital between June and November of 2022. \u0000A case-control study design was used. Fifty individuals (Cases) who had a confirmed diagnosis of Enteric fever (Typhoid fever) based on typhoid (IgG and IgM) were included in the study. As a control group, fifty healthy individuals with negative typhoid (IgG and IgM) results and no other complaints were included in the study. \u0000For both the case and control groups, a complete blood count was performed. Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell Count (WBC), and Platelet Count (PLT) are regarded as hematological markers. Every patient was also interviewed, and a questionnaire was employed. Numerous demographic factors were questioned, including sex, age, economic status, level of education, and clinical symptoms. SPSS version 16 was then used to analyze the collected data. \u0000Results. In the current research, over all 100 patients were enrolled (50 were case, and 50 were control group). The mean age± SD of the patients under the study were 38.74±15.22 years. The most common hematological changes observed were; anemia (32%), thrombocytopenia (24%), leukocytosis (8%) & leucopenia (22%). Fever was the most common presenting symptom (78%) and abdominal symptoms were about 38%. Most of the people were of lower socioeconomic state and were uneducated. \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that Enteric fever is bacterial infection and are acquired by enteral route. This disease commonly affects people of low socioeconomical states and those that are uneducated. Fever was the most commonly presenting symptom in these patients. Enteric fever causes changes in the hematological cells parameters which is probably due to bone marrow suppression, which is transient and shows response to therapy.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulaiman Dawod Daowd, Haider Hamid Khudiar, Tiba Ayad Ahmed Sezae
The study aimed to investigate whether the extract from the Thuja orientalis plant had any antibacterial properties against fifteen MRSA isolates in a group of thirty-seven Staphylococcus aureus isolates. To determine bacterial resistance, an antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted on five different drugs. Methicillin showed the highest level of bacterial resistance (100%), whereas Vancomycin had the lowest level of resistance (6.6%). The results of the examination of the Thuja orientalis plant extract clearly showed that it had a significant suppressive effect on all Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
{"title":"Susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. to the Plant Crude Extract","authors":"Sulaiman Dawod Daowd, Haider Hamid Khudiar, Tiba Ayad Ahmed Sezae","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate whether the extract from the Thuja orientalis plant had any antibacterial properties against fifteen MRSA isolates in a group of thirty-seven Staphylococcus aureus isolates. To determine bacterial resistance, an antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted on five different drugs. Methicillin showed the highest level of bacterial resistance (100%), whereas Vancomycin had the lowest level of resistance (6.6%). The results of the examination of the Thuja orientalis plant extract clearly showed that it had a significant suppressive effect on all Staphylococcus aureus isolates.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safflower has been grown for millennia all over the world, making it one of the most important and ancient oil-producing crops. In this work, we use gamma rays and sodium azide at LD50 levels to target high-yielding and desirable characters. The safflower variety PBNS-86 seeds were subjected to varying quantities of sodium azide (0.005%, 0.010%,0.015%,0.020% and 0.025%) and gamma-ray treatments at levels of 100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy, 400Gy and 500Gy. The carcinogenic administrations of sodium azide and gamma rays had a detrimental dose-dependent association with the plant survival percentage in the PBNS-86 variety. The anticipated LD50 value was calculated using probit values and fatality percentages. For gamma rays and sodium azide, the LD50 value of PBNS-86 was set at 296.2 Gy and 0.1513%, respectively. The greatest reduction in the proportion of plants that survived was induced by gamma rays and sodium azide treatments. It is determined that both mutagens are capable of causing notable changes in safflower, which may be investigated further for the purpose of mutation mapping.
{"title":"The Optimal LD50 Gamma Ray and Sodium Azide-Induced Mutagenesis in the PBNS-86 Variety Safflower","authors":"Shafique Mirza, S. E. Mahamune, S. B. Thorat","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Safflower has been grown for millennia all over the world, making it one of the most important and ancient oil-producing crops. In this work, we use gamma rays and sodium azide at LD50 levels to target high-yielding and desirable characters. The safflower variety PBNS-86 seeds were subjected to varying quantities of sodium azide (0.005%, 0.010%,0.015%,0.020% and 0.025%) and gamma-ray treatments at levels of 100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy, 400Gy and 500Gy. The carcinogenic administrations of sodium azide and gamma rays had a detrimental dose-dependent association with the plant survival percentage in the PBNS-86 variety. The anticipated LD50 value was calculated using probit values and fatality percentages. For gamma rays and sodium azide, the LD50 value of PBNS-86 was set at 296.2 Gy and 0.1513%, respectively. The greatest reduction in the proportion of plants that survived was induced by gamma rays and sodium azide treatments. It is determined that both mutagens are capable of causing notable changes in safflower, which may be investigated further for the purpose of mutation mapping.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hekmatullah Zaland, Aimal Nahiz, Mohammad Yar Malakzai, Saifullah Mangal
The investigation was conducted to study the Effect of precision application of nutrients on yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency in tomato (cv. Pearson). The experiment was carried out at Bolan Research Farm, Helmand, Afghanistan during the year 2021. The experiment was laid out in (RCBD) designed having three replications, each replication consisted of 10 treatments. The treatments comprised of T1: Fertilizers Urea + DAP + MOP (140:60:60 kg/ha), T2: Fertilizers Urea + DAP + MOP (70:30:30 kg/ha), T3: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + NPK + Urea (70:30:30 + 70:30:30), T4: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + MAP + Urea + MOP (70:30:30 + 70:30:30), T5: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + NPK + Urea (70:30:30 + 55:24:24), T6: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + VAM MAP + Urea + MOP (70:30:30 + 55:24:24), T7: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + NPK + Urea (70:30:30 + 42:18:18), T8: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + VAM MAP + Urea + MOP (70:30:30 + 42:18:18), T9: RDF Urea + DAP + MOP (137.5:62.5:60) and T10: Control (No fertilizer). The result confirmed that integrated application of nutrient significantly affected all growth, yield and yield traits of tomato hence, the tallest plant (133.33cm), maximum No. of branches plant-1 (31.67), No. of fruit plant-1 (67.33), large polar diameter (8.33cm), large equatorial diameter (8.33cm), average yield plant-1(6.13 kg), total yield (344.00 q/ha), total soluble content (4.61 %), dry matter content (5.02%) were recorded in the plots were treated with T8 (Urea + DAP + MOP + VAM MAP + Urea + MOP) (70:30:30 + 42:18:18) except the fruits weight(g) and average fruit weight (g) as compared to other treated plots,. Generally, all fertilized plots showed positive & better performance as compared to control plots (no treated plots). We concluded from the result that all treatments regarding their efficient effect and economical use were ranked as (T8> T9> T7> T6> T5> T4> T3> T2> T1> TControl) for all growth, yield and yield characters of tomato (cv. Pearson) in research area.
{"title":"Effect of Precision Application of Nutrients on, Growth, Yield, Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cv. Pearson","authors":"Hekmatullah Zaland, Aimal Nahiz, Mohammad Yar Malakzai, Saifullah Mangal","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was conducted to study the Effect of precision application of nutrients on yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency in tomato (cv. Pearson). The experiment was carried out at Bolan Research Farm, Helmand, Afghanistan during the year 2021. The experiment was laid out in (RCBD) designed having three replications, each replication consisted of 10 treatments. The treatments comprised of T1: Fertilizers Urea + DAP + MOP (140:60:60 kg/ha), T2: Fertilizers Urea + DAP + MOP (70:30:30 kg/ha), T3: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + NPK + Urea (70:30:30 + 70:30:30), T4: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + MAP + Urea + MOP (70:30:30 + 70:30:30), T5: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + NPK + Urea (70:30:30 + 55:24:24), T6: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + VAM MAP + Urea + MOP (70:30:30 + 55:24:24), T7: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + NPK + Urea (70:30:30 + 42:18:18), T8: Fertilizers + Nutrient Solution Urea + DAP + MOP + VAM MAP + Urea + MOP (70:30:30 + 42:18:18), T9: RDF Urea + DAP + MOP (137.5:62.5:60) and T10: Control (No fertilizer). The result confirmed that integrated application of nutrient significantly affected all growth, yield and yield traits of tomato hence, the tallest plant (133.33cm), maximum No. of branches plant-1 (31.67), No. of fruit plant-1 (67.33), large polar diameter (8.33cm), large equatorial diameter (8.33cm), average yield plant-1(6.13 kg), total yield (344.00 q/ha), total soluble content (4.61 %), dry matter content (5.02%) were recorded in the plots were treated with T8 (Urea + DAP + MOP + VAM MAP + Urea + MOP) (70:30:30 + 42:18:18) except the fruits weight(g) and average fruit weight (g) as compared to other treated plots,. Generally, all fertilized plots showed positive & better performance as compared to control plots (no treated plots). We concluded from the result that all treatments regarding their efficient effect and economical use were ranked as (T8> T9> T7> T6> T5> T4> T3> T2> T1> TControl) for all growth, yield and yield characters of tomato (cv. Pearson) in research area.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Sami Farhan, Bilal Ahmed Abdullah, Ali Esam Mamdwooh, Rand Salwan Numan
Candida albicans is a prevalent commensal fungus that inhabits various anatomical regions, including the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, as well as the skin of persons in good condition. C. albicans is present in the normal flora of the microbiota in around 50% of the population. The clinical presentations of Candida species encompass a spectrum of symptoms, spanning from localized. The spectrum of mucocutaneous issues ranges from superficial to invasive disorders that impact many organ systems and present a substantial threat to human life. Disruptions in the normal homeostasis of Candida can be attributed to a range of reasons, encompassing systemic and local factors as well as genetic and environmental influences. These disruptions ultimately lead to a shift from a state of normal flora to the development of Infections caused by pathogens and opportunistic agents. The initiation and advancement of infection are regulated by the virulence characteristics of Candida, which play a role in the emergence of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis presents with a wide range of symptoms, which can be classified into major and minor types. The gastrointestinal tract is the main reservoir for Candida albicans in the human body. Infection occurs due to an imbalance in the local microbiota, impaired immune function, and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Candidaemia, a term used to describe invasive infections caused by candida, is associated with the presence of Candida albicans in the bloodstream. The mutual relationship remains intact by maintaining a balance between the host immune system and C. albicans virulence factors. This study investigates the virulence traits exhibited by Candida albicans. These components have a significant impact on the development of disorders.
{"title":"Review of Virulence Factors in Candida","authors":"Mohammed Sami Farhan, Bilal Ahmed Abdullah, Ali Esam Mamdwooh, Rand Salwan Numan","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans is a prevalent commensal fungus that inhabits various anatomical regions, including the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, as well as the skin of persons in good condition. C. albicans is present in the normal flora of the microbiota in around 50% of the population. The clinical presentations of Candida species encompass a spectrum of symptoms, spanning from localized. The spectrum of mucocutaneous issues ranges from superficial to invasive disorders that impact many organ systems and present a substantial threat to human life. Disruptions in the normal homeostasis of Candida can be attributed to a range of reasons, encompassing systemic and local factors as well as genetic and environmental influences. \u0000These disruptions ultimately lead to a shift from a state of normal flora to the development of Infections caused by pathogens and opportunistic agents. The initiation and advancement of infection are regulated by the virulence characteristics of Candida, which play a role in the emergence of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis presents with a wide range of symptoms, which can be classified into major and minor types. The gastrointestinal tract is the main reservoir for Candida albicans in the human body. Infection occurs due to an imbalance in the local microbiota, impaired immune function, and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Candidaemia, a term used to describe invasive infections caused by candida, is associated with the presence of Candida albicans in the bloodstream. The mutual relationship remains intact by maintaining a balance between the host immune system and C. albicans virulence factors. This study investigates the virulence traits exhibited by Candida albicans. These components have a significant impact on the development of disorders.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we obtained the time evolution of the wave function of a limited quantum system (1D Box), hence getting a mathematical model to describe the system. By using programming computes, it performs a time evolution that decomposes the initial state into the 2,10, and 20 lowest energy eigenstates. Finally, by comparing numerical de-composition coefficients for the wave function to the analytical values, it found the number of knots increases directly versus the energy of the particle's quantum state. As a result, the mean bending given by the second derivative which is proportional to the kinetic energy operator should increase. We found there is a negligible mean and standard deviation of the energy in units of the ground state energy.
{"title":"Analyzing the Time Evolution of a Particle by Decomposes the Initial State Confinement in 1D Well into the Lowest Eigenstates Energy","authors":"M. Oglah","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we obtained the time evolution of the wave function of a limited quantum system (1D Box), hence getting a mathematical model to describe the system. By using programming computes, it performs a time evolution that decomposes the initial state into the 2,10, and 20 lowest energy eigenstates. Finally, by comparing numerical de-composition coefficients for the wave function to the analytical values, it found the number of knots increases directly versus the energy of the particle's quantum state. As a result, the mean bending given by the second derivative which is proportional to the kinetic energy operator should increase. We found there is a negligible mean and standard deviation of the energy in units of the ground state energy.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is constantly rising, making them a major health burden. In terms of global mortality and morbidity, they are still at the top. An alternate method of treating many illnesses, including CVDs, is the use of medicinal herbs. There is a current, unprecedented push to include herbal remedies into contemporary healthcare systems. The widespread conviction in their safety and the fact that they offer more effective treatment at a lower cost than conventional modern medicines are two of the main factors propelling this movement. However, there has not been enough testing of the purported safety of herbal remedies. As a result, people need to know that medical herbs can be toxic, have possibly fatal side effects, and can interact negatively with other drugs. Experimental evidence suggests that medicinal herbs may be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to their ability to inhibit multiple risk factors for these conditions. So, in order to successfully use herbs in CVD therapy, there have been numerous initiatives to transition medicinal herb research from the lab to the clinic. Presented below are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the variables that put people at risk for developing them. Next, we provide a synopsis of herbal medicine's role in the treatment of disease, with a focus on cardiovascular diseases. In addition, information is compiled and examined about the ethnopharmacological therapeutic possibilities and medicinal qualities against cardiovascular diseases of four commonly used plants: ginseng, gingko biloba, ganoderma lucidum, and gymnostemma pentaphyllum. The use of these four plants in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular disorders, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and dyslipidemias has been well examined. We are also making an effort to describe the current in vitro and in vivo investigations that have attempted to examine the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the four plants' cardio-protective effects. Lastly, we highlighted the effectiveness, safety, and toxicity of these four medicinal herbs by reviewing and reporting the results of current clinical trials. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Role of Herbal Active Compound in Cardiac Failure Treatment","authors":"Jyotsna Upadhyay, Amle Vandana Sonaji, Khonde Shital Trimbak, Chapke Seema Ganesh, Kisan Vivek Pawar, Anamika, Roshan Kumar","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is constantly rising, making them a major health burden. In terms of global mortality and morbidity, they are still at the top. An alternate method of treating many illnesses, including CVDs, is the use of medicinal herbs. There is a current, unprecedented push to include herbal remedies into contemporary healthcare systems. The widespread conviction in their safety and the fact that they offer more effective treatment at a lower cost than conventional modern medicines are two of the main factors propelling this movement. However, there has not been enough testing of the purported safety of herbal remedies. As a result, people need to know that medical herbs can be toxic, have possibly fatal side effects, and can interact negatively with other drugs. Experimental evidence suggests that medicinal herbs may be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to their ability to inhibit multiple risk factors for these conditions. So, in order to successfully use herbs in CVD therapy, there have been numerous initiatives to transition medicinal herb research from the lab to the clinic. Presented below are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the variables that put people at risk for developing them. Next, we provide a synopsis of herbal medicine's role in the treatment of disease, with a focus on cardiovascular diseases. In addition, information is compiled and examined about the ethnopharmacological therapeutic possibilities and medicinal qualities against cardiovascular diseases of four commonly used plants: ginseng, gingko biloba, ganoderma lucidum, and gymnostemma pentaphyllum. The use of these four plants in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular disorders, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and dyslipidemias has been well examined. We are also making an effort to describe the current in vitro and in vivo investigations that have attempted to examine the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the four plants' cardio-protective effects. Lastly, we highlighted the effectiveness, safety, and toxicity of these four medicinal herbs by reviewing and reporting the results of current clinical trials. \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：