Animal Behaviour最新文献_第2页

Background colour and surface topography elicit different responses to moving and immobile prey from a salticid predator 背景颜色和表面地形引起不同的反应移动和不移动的猎物从盐渍捕食者

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123476

Kelly J. Greig , Thomas R. Buckley , Richard A.B. Leschen , Gregory I. Holwell

When assessing camouflage of prey on complex backgrounds, colour, luminance and pattern are known to affect prey detection, but the effect of surface topography has received less attention. Furthermore, recent evidence challenges previous research showing that movement breaks camouflage, but empirical evidence from natural predator–prey interactions remains scarce. This leaves a critical gap in our understanding of how prey movement and surface topography affect prey camouflage in a natural setting. Using staged experimental encounters, we assessed the effects of prey movement, and of background colour and surface topography, on the responses of a jumping spider predator. We used the jumping spider Helpis minitabunda as a model predator against four species of zopherid beetles. By placing zopherid prey against backgrounds varying in colour and surface topography, we determined that background matching functions differently between moving and stationary targets. When prey are in motion, natural background colours extend detection time and reduce the likelihood of attack, confirming that camouflage can still be beneficial during movement in natural predator–prey interactions. Conversely, when prey remain stationary, backgrounds exhibiting more complex surface topography significantly reduce detection by jumping spiders, independent of background colour matching. This suggests background matching may be less important for stationary prey that are found in habitats with significant fine-scale surface topography, such as bark. Overall, this study provides evidence that camouflage can be beneficial to prey during movement, and surface topography is an important factor in reducing detection of small-bodied stationary prey.

在评估复杂背景下猎物的伪装时，已知颜色、亮度和图案会影响猎物的检测，但表面地形的影响很少受到关注。此外，最近的证据挑战了先前的研究，表明运动打破了伪装，但来自自然捕食者-猎物相互作用的经验证据仍然很少。这在我们理解猎物的运动和表面地形如何影响猎物在自然环境中的伪装方面留下了一个关键的空白。通过阶段性实验，我们评估了猎物运动、背景颜色和表面地形对跳跃蜘蛛捕食者反应的影响。我们以跳蛛Helpis minit丰为模型捕食者，对四种食虫甲虫进行捕食。通过将食虫放置在不同颜色和表面地形的背景下，我们确定了运动目标和静止目标的背景匹配功能不同。当猎物在运动时，自然的背景颜色延长了探测时间，减少了攻击的可能性，证实了伪装在自然的捕食者-猎物互动过程中仍然是有益的。相反，当猎物保持静止时，具有更复杂表面地形的背景显著降低了跳蜘蛛的检测，与背景颜色匹配无关。这表明背景匹配对于在具有明显精细表面地形的栖息地（如树皮）中发现的静止猎物可能不太重要。总的来说，本研究提供了证据，表明伪装可以在运动过程中对猎物有利，表面地形是减少小体静止猎物被发现的重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Dear enemy phenomenon in fiddler crabs: escalation of fights with unfamiliar individuals rather than familiar neighbours 招潮蟹的亲敌现象：与不熟悉的个体而不是熟悉的邻居的战斗升级

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123470

Fumio Takeshita , Chiaki I. Yasuda

In territorial animals, fights against strangers are often more aggressive than those against neighbours. This is called the ‘dear enemy’ phenomenon and is generally explained using the ‘relative threat’ and ‘familiarity’ hypotheses. Although these two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, the relative threat hypothesis, rather than the familiarity hypothesis, supports this phenomenon in several territorial animals, including decapod crustaceans. In this study, we used the fiddler crab, Austruca perplexa, to investigate the familiarity hypothesis, which states that individuals who have previously fought an opponent can assess the opponent's fighting ability more accurately, making prolonged and escalated fighting unnecessary. We compared the fighting intensity between the control and replacement groups before and after manipulation. Replacement involved removing a familiar resident neighbour and introducing an unfamiliar individual into its burrow. This manipulation resulted in equivalent risks and gains for both focal contestants based on the same role during territorial fights. The proportion of cumulative fight duration and fighting levels increased in the replacement group after manipulation, despite the lack of significant differences before manipulation. The number of contests increased after the replacement treatment when the burrow distance was short. The distance between burrows consistently influenced fighting intensity; intensity increased when the distance was small. These results supported the familiarity hypothesis in A. perplexa. Thus, the dear enemy phenomenon can be explained not only by the relative threat hypothesis but also by the familiarity hypothesis in fiddler crabs.

在有领地意识的动物中，与陌生人的争斗往往比与邻居的争斗更具侵略性。这被称为“亲爱的敌人”现象，通常用“相对威胁”和“熟悉度”假设来解释。虽然这两种假设并不相互排斥，但相对威胁假设，而不是熟悉假设，在一些领土动物中支持这种现象，包括十足甲壳类动物。在这项研究中，我们使用招潮蟹（Austruca perplexa）来研究熟悉假设，该假设认为，以前与对手打过架的个体可以更准确地评估对手的战斗能力，从而使长时间和升级的战斗变得不必要。我们比较了控制组和替代组在操作前后的战斗强度。替换包括移除一个熟悉的邻居，并将一个不熟悉的个体引入它的洞穴。这种操纵导致了同等的风险和收益为两个焦点选手基于相同的角色在领土斗争。操作后替代组的累计战斗时间和战斗水平比例增加，而操作前无显著差异。当地穴距离较短时，替代处理后的竞争次数增加。洞穴之间的距离一直影响着战斗强度；距离越小，强度越大。这些结果支持了困惑草的熟悉性假说。因此，招潮蟹的亲敌现象不仅可以用相对威胁假说解释，也可以用熟悉假说解释。

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引用次数: 0

You sound like my Mr. Right: female frogs choose size-assortative mates through acoustic features 你听起来像我的真命天子：雌性青蛙通过声音特征来选择体型合适的伴侣

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123460

Jia-Jun Hao , Wei Zhou , Yu-Xiao Qiu , Ya-Ruo Zhu , Xiao-Nan Zhuang , Guo-Hua Ding

Amplexus is a distinctive mating behaviour in anuran amphibians, where females may adopt random or nonrandom mating strategies. Although male frogs emit acoustic signals to attract females, the role of these signals in size-based mate choice among females remains unclear. Thus, in this study, the mating patterns of Fejervarya multistriata were investigated, and whether females can use acoustic signals to locate males of various sizes was examined. The body sizes of amplectant pairs were measured to examine size correlations among mates. In addition, male advertisement calls were recorded and analysed to identify the acoustic properties that predict male size. Two-choice arena phonotaxis experiments were also conducted to test female preferences for calls representing different male sizes. Results showed that F. multistriata exhibited size-assortative mating, with male body size being predicted by the first frequency band peak and note interval, both of which were negatively correlated with male size. Overall, females showed preferences for acoustic stimuli representing males whose sizes were closer to their predicted pairing size, with this size-assortative tendency being most evident in large females when choosing between medium and large male stimuli. These results indicate that F. multistriata females can discriminate male size through acoustic signals, thereby facilitating size-assortative mating. This acoustic-mediated mate-choice mechanism provides new insights into amphibian reproductive strategies.

Amplexus是无尾两栖动物的一种独特的交配行为，雌性可能采取随机或非随机交配策略。尽管雄性青蛙会发出声音信号来吸引雌性，但这些信号在雌性基于体型的配偶选择中所起的作用尚不清楚。因此，本研究对多纹费耶瓦（Fejervarya multistriata）的交配模式进行了研究，并探讨了雌性是否可以利用声音信号来定位不同大小的雄性。测量了扩增对的体型大小，以检查配偶之间的体型相关性。此外，还记录和分析了雄性广告叫声，以确定预测雄性大小的声学特性。两种选择的竞技场声致性实验也进行了测试，以测试雌性对代表不同雄性大小的叫声的偏好。结果表明，多纹草表现出尺寸-分类交配，雄体大小可通过第一频带峰和音符间隔预测，两者均与雄体大小呈负相关。总的来说，雌性表现出对声音刺激的偏好，这些声音刺激代表的雄性的大小更接近它们的预测配对大小，当在中等和大型雄性刺激之间选择时，这种大小分类倾向在体型较大的雌性中最为明显。这些结果表明，多纹草雌性可以通过声音信号识别雄性的大小，从而促进尺寸选型交配。这种声音介导的择偶机制为两栖动物的生殖策略提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Parent–offspring competition for food constrains parental care in communal carrion beetles 在群居腐尸甲虫中，对食物的亲代竞争限制了亲代关爱

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123471

Anna Mądra-Bielewicz , Szymon Matuszewski

Parents and offspring of many animals regularly share food resources, which may promote competition among kin for food and ultimately constrain the development of family life. We hypothesized that parent–juvenile competition for shared food is especially intense in communal systems, particularly those that exploit ephemeral resources (e.g. carrion), promoting early dispersal of adults from a shared resource and in this way constraining parental care. We tested this hypothesis in communal carrion beetles, Necrodes littoralis (Staphylinidae), a species colonizing cadavers of large vertebrates that shows no posthatching forms of parental care. By manipulating the number of adult beetles, the time they stay on food resources and the quality of the resources, we provide evidence that parent–juvenile competition for food on carrion has a constraining effect on parental care in communal carrion beetles. When we doubled the time spent by adult beetles on shared food, there was a clear negative effect on juvenile fitness, but doubling the number of the beetles had no significant effect. Therefore, parent–juvenile competition for shared food resources limits primarily the time adult communal beetles stay on carrion. By promoting earlier dispersal of adult beetles from a nesting site, this form of competition reduces the time window for potential adult–juvenile interactions, which makes posthatching care virtually impossible to develop in these beetles. These findings highlight the importance of competitive adult–juvenile interactions in the large communal groups that use high-quality ephemeral resources.

许多动物的父母和后代经常共享食物资源，这可能会促进亲属之间对食物的竞争，最终限制家庭生活的发展。我们假设，在公共系统中，特别是那些利用短暂资源（如腐肉）的系统中，父母-幼崽对共享食物的竞争尤其激烈，这促使成年动物从共享资源中早期分散，从而限制了亲代的照顾。我们在公共腐尸甲虫中验证了这一假设，Necrodes littoralis (Staphylinidae)，一种寄生于大型脊椎动物尸体的物种，没有显示出母本照顾的形式。通过对成虫数量、停留时间和食物资源质量的控制，我们证明了腐肉上的亲子竞争对群居腐肉甲虫的亲代照顾有约束作用。当我们将成年甲虫分享食物的时间增加一倍时，对幼虫的适应性有明显的负面影响，但甲虫数量增加一倍没有显著影响。因此，父母和幼虫对共享食物资源的竞争主要限制了成虫在腐肉上停留的时间。通过促使成年甲虫更早地离开筑巢地，这种形式的竞争减少了潜在的成虫-幼虫互动的时间窗口，这使得这些甲虫几乎不可能发展出草后护理。这些发现强调了在使用高质量短暂资源的大型公共群体中，竞争性的成人-青少年互动的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Selection of timescales to study social network temporal dynamics in vultures 选择时间尺度研究秃鹫社会网络时间动态

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123442

Kaija Gahm , Elvira D’Bastiani , Nili Anglister , Gideon Vaadia , Marta Acácio , Orr Spiegel , Noa Pinter-Wollman

Animal social interaction patterns change over time, but the continuous nature of social interactions makes selecting a timescale for studying the temporal dynamics of social networks challenging. We applied both a heuristic approach and a multilayer reducibility analysis approach to study timescales of change in social networks of free-ranging griffon vultures, Gyps fulvus. We analysed social networks in two behavioural situations: in-flight interactions, which we expected to fluctuate seasonally but to exhibit a relatively constant pattern of change at subseasonal scales; and diurnal ground interactions, such as while feeding, which we expected to show a pulsed temporal pattern following carcass availability. The heuristic method confirmed the suitability of a 3–10-day aggregation window for studying temporal change in vulture social networks, which matches their feeding dynamics. It also highlighted how examining a variety of timescales of aggregation can offer different insights about network change patterns. Multilayer reducibility analysis confirmed that substantial change occurred at every aggregation timescale we tested, with no redundancy in network layers; that is, social interactions in this population were not oversampled. However, it revealed more similarity between chronologically nonadjacent layers in the feeding networks as compared to the flight networks, further supporting the influence of carcass availability as a driver of co-feeding network structure. Multilayer reducibility analysis over a multiseason timescale did not reveal structural similarities by season, likely due to substantial differences in population composition and tag coverage between seasons. We discuss the benefits and limitations of both the heuristic method and multilayer reducibility network analysis as tools for studying long-term animal social network structural change.

动物的社会互动模式随着时间的推移而变化，但社会互动的连续性使得选择一个时间尺度来研究社会网络的时间动态具有挑战性。本文采用启发式方法和多层可约性分析方法对自由放养的狮鹫（Gyps fulvus）社会网络变化的时间尺度进行了研究。我们分析了两种行为情况下的社会网络：飞行中的互动，我们预计会随季节波动，但在亚季节尺度上表现出相对恒定的变化模式；以及白天的地面相互作用，例如进食时，我们预计会显示出随胴体可用性变化的脉冲时间模式。启发式方法证实了一个3 - 10天的聚集窗口适合于研究秃鹫社会网络的时间变化，这与秃鹫的摄食动态相匹配。它还强调了如何检查聚合的各种时间尺度可以提供关于网络变化模式的不同见解。多层可约性分析证实，在我们测试的每个聚合时间尺度上都发生了实质性变化，网络层中没有冗余；也就是说，这个人群中的社会互动没有被过度抽样。然而，与飞行网络相比，它揭示了进食网络中时间顺序上不相邻层之间的相似性，进一步支持胴体可利用性作为共同摄食网络结构驱动因素的影响。在多季节时间尺度上的多层可约性分析并没有揭示出不同季节的结构相似性，这可能是由于不同季节之间种群组成和标签覆盖的实质性差异。我们讨论了启发式方法和多层可还原性网络分析作为研究长期动物社会网络结构变化的工具的优点和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature preference and temperature tolerance are wired differently in Drosophila 果蝇的温度偏好和温度耐受性是不同的

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123438

Avirup Chakraborty, Subhash Rajpurohit

Thermal preference, heat tolerance and heat survivability are key determinants for the adaptation and survival of an organism in a warming world. These temperature parameters are crucial for ectotherms, as these organisms cannot maintain their internal body temperatures. This study investigates thermal choice and performance under stressful temperatures in an outbred population of Drosophila melanogaster collected from the Western Himalayan orchards. A significant within-population variation was observed in all the traits. When isofemale lines were exposed to a thermal gradient (15–35 °C), most lines preferred the colder and the medium temperature zones more than the hotter zone. A static heat knockdown assay at 39 °C revealed widespread differences across lines. At the same temperature, a heat survival assay emphasized the differences in resilience and showed high phenotypic variability within the population. Notably, a highly significant positive correlation emerged between heat tolerance and heat survivability, indicating that lines more resistant to heat knockdown also had higher heat survivability. Interestingly, no relationships were observed between temperature stress traits and thermal preference. Within-population variations in the phenotypes of these thermal traits indicate wider colonization of this species across continents.

热偏好、耐热性和热生存能力是生物在变暖世界中适应和生存的关键决定因素。这些温度参数对变温动物至关重要，因为这些生物无法维持体内温度。本研究调查了喜玛拉雅西部果园的黑腹果蝇近交种群在压力温度下的热选择和表现。所有性状均存在显著的群体内变异。在温度梯度（15 ~ 35℃）条件下，大多数系对低温区和中温区的偏好大于对高温区的偏好。39°C的静态热敲除实验显示了不同系之间的广泛差异。在相同的温度下，热生存试验强调了恢复力的差异，并显示了种群内的高表型变异性。值得注意的是，耐热性与热生存能力之间存在高度显著的正相关关系，这表明耐热性越强的品系也具有更高的热生存能力。有趣的是，温度应力性状与热偏好之间没有关系。这些热性状表型的种群内变异表明该物种在各大洲的定殖范围更广。

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引用次数: 0

Experimenters' assumptions and animals' perceptions: observer bias in temporal-discrimination tasks 实验者的假设与动物的感知：时间歧视任务中的观察者偏差

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123466

Carlos Pinto

In laboratory studies of animal behaviour, interpretations of how a task is learned or of which stimulus characteristics are attended to are, ultimately, inferences. So, there is always potential for experimenter assumptions to be at odds with what an animal learns from a task. The study of choice biases has been fertile ground for revealing another kind of bias: observer bias. This paper reviews a series of studies featuring a matching-to-sample task where, following the presentation of a stimulus, a choice had to be made between two options. The option to be chosen depended on the duration of the initial stimulus. An intertrial interval traditionally separates trials and, in a variation of the task, a delay is introduced before choice. In some cases, task components traditionally considered secondary (such as the intertrial interval) actually become part of what the animals learn from the task. Not only that, but individual animals may also differ in how they use different task components. In addition, delays appear to be interpreted differently across tasks. This paper presents attempts to control for confounds and to clarify what is learned in each task. Biases and task limitations highlight the importance of employing a variety of procedures to study a given phenomenon.

在动物行为的实验室研究中，对一项任务是如何学习的，或者是对哪些刺激特征被关注的解释，最终都是推论。所以，实验者的假设总是有可能与动物从任务中学到的不一致。对选择偏差的研究为揭示另一种偏差提供了肥沃的土壤：观察者偏差。本文回顾了一系列以匹配样本任务为特征的研究，在该任务中，在呈现刺激之后，必须在两个选项之间做出选择。选择何种方案取决于初始刺激的持续时间。传统上用间隔时间来分隔试验，在不同的任务中，在选择之前引入延迟。在某些情况下，传统上被认为是次要的任务成分（如间隔时间）实际上成为动物从任务中学到的一部分。不仅如此，单个动物在使用不同任务组件的方式上也可能有所不同。此外，不同任务对延迟的解释也不同。本文提出了控制混淆的尝试，并澄清在每个任务中学到的东西。偏见和任务限制突出了采用各种程序来研究给定现象的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Revised models still do not show evidence for motivational trade-offs modulating nociception in bees 修正后的模型仍然没有显示出动机权衡调节蜜蜂伤害感觉的证据

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123457

Jenny Read, Vivek Nityananda

引用次数: 0

Erratum to “Towards the integration of collective behaviour and social evolution” [Animal Behaviour 224 (June 2025) 123161] “迈向集体行为与社会进化的整合”的勘误[动物行为224（2025年6月）123161]

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123468

Daniel W.E. Sankey

引用次数: 0

Path minimization during solitary foraging in Aphaenogaster senilis ants 蚁群单独觅食过程中的路径最小化

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123461

Snigdha Mukhopadhyay, Patrizia d’Ettorre

Path minimization, the process of minimizing travel distance to enhance foraging efficiency, has been widely studied across diverse species, ranging from insects, such as honeybees and ants, to vertebrates, such as birds, bats and rodents. In ants, previous research has focused on trail-laying species, where path selection is driven by pheromone concentration gradients with minimal involvement of cognitive processes. In this study, path minimization and the role of individual cognitive abilities in the thermophilic ant Aphaenogaster senilis, which can forage solitarily without laying chemical trails, were investigated. An experimental set-up comprising a bridge between the nest and the foraging arena with four possible paths (one short, two intermediate and one long) was used, where the longest path was 1.5 times the shortest, to evaluate individual- and group-level foraging decisions over three consecutive trials. Results showed that A. senilis ants consistently avoided the longest path for the outbound and homebound journey and significantly preferred the shortest path when transporting food to the nest. In over half of the trips involving the shortest path, the ants chose this path directly. In about 40% of the cases, the ants deviated to the longer path but then turned back to the shorter one. Transitions from the shorter to the longer path were rare, occurring in less than 4% of the cases. These ants also exhibited enhanced foraging efficiency, which is characterized by faster food discovery and increased transport rate across trials. The findings of this study highlight the capacity of A. senilis to improve foraging efficiency through individual decision-making rather than collective pheromone-based processes. This study provides insights into the cognitive mechanism underlying foraging behaviour in nontrail-laying ant species and lays the groundwork for further research into the adaptive foraging strategies of ants.

路径最小化，即最小化行走距离以提高觅食效率的过程，已经在不同物种中得到了广泛的研究，从昆虫，如蜜蜂和蚂蚁，到脊椎动物，如鸟类、蝙蝠和啮齿动物。在蚂蚁中，先前的研究主要集中在路径铺设物种上，其中路径选择是由信息素浓度梯度驱动的，而认知过程的参与最小。本研究研究了嗜热蚁Aphaenogaster senilis的路径最小化和个体认知能力在其独立觅食过程中的作用。实验设置了一个连接巢穴和觅食场所的桥梁，有四条可能的路径（一条短路径，两条中间路径和一条长路径），其中最长路径是最短路径的1.5倍，在连续的三个试验中评估个体和群体层面的觅食决策。结果表明，蚁群在出站和归程中始终避开最长路径，在将食物运送到巢穴时明显倾向于选择最短路径。在超过一半的涉及最短路径的行程中，蚂蚁直接选择了这条路径。在大约40%的情况下，蚂蚁会偏离较长的路径，然后又回到较短的路径。从较短路径过渡到较长的路径是罕见的，发生在不到4%的病例。这些蚂蚁也表现出更高的觅食效率，其特点是更快地发现食物和增加跨试验的运输率。本研究的结果强调了衰老a.s ililis通过个体决策而不是基于集体信息素的过程来提高觅食效率的能力。本研究揭示了非铺路蚂蚁觅食行为的认知机制，为进一步研究蚂蚁的适应性觅食策略奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0