Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.002
Kausik Banerjee , Chittaranjan V. Dave , Kartikeya Singh Chauhan , Shomen Mukherjee , Yadvendradev V. Jhala
Carnivores alter their activity to maximize individual fitness by increasing encounters with prey, reducing overlap with humans and minimizing opportunities for loss of kills to kleptoparasitism. We observed 16 radiocollared lions, Panthera leo leo, within the Gir landscape by continuous focal animal sampling for a period of 2–10 days in each session and studied their hunting and feeding patterns with respect to the activity patterns of their prey, chital and domestic livestock. Lions were mostly active during the night while most of the day was spent resting under cover, when temperatures and human activity were high. Activity of lions differed between the sexes but coincided with the activity of their prey. Feeding intervals and feeding bouts for lions were longer inside the protected area compared to multiuse landscapes outside it. Lions tended to feed longer on predated than scavenged carcasses. Livestock comprised the majority of the lions’ diet in the Gir landscape. We observed a low level of kleptoparasitism in the Asiatic lions compared with their counterparts in the Serengeti in Africa. Hunting by lionesses declined during the corresponding male activity period, possibly to minimize kleptoparasitism by male lions. We conclude that the hunting and feeding times of lions are adapted to maximize payoffs.
食肉动物会通过增加与猎物的接触、减少与人类的重叠以及最大限度地减少因偷猎而损失猎物的机会来改变自己的活动，从而最大限度地提高个体的生存能力。我们通过每次为期 2-10 天的连续重点动物取样，在吉尔地貌中观察了 16 头携带放射线耳环的狮子（Panthera leo leo），并研究了它们的狩猎和进食模式与猎物（chital 和家畜）的活动模式之间的关系。狮子大多在夜间活动，而白天的大部分时间则是在气温和人类活动频繁时在遮蔽物下休息。狮子的活动在性别上存在差异，但与猎物的活动相吻合。与保护区外的多用途景观相比，保护区内狮子的进食间隔和进食次数更长。狮子捕食被捕食者尸体的时间往往长于捕食被拾取者尸体的时间。在 Gir 地貌景观中，牲畜是狮子的主要食物。与非洲塞伦盖蒂的狮子相比，我们观察到亚洲狮的偷窃寄生程度较低。在相应的雄狮活动期间，雌狮的狩猎活动有所减少，这可能是为了尽量减少雄狮的偷食行为。我们的结论是，狮子的狩猎和觅食时间是为了获得最大回报而调整的。
{"title":"Activity of Asiatic lions in relation to activity of prey and kleptoparasitism","authors":"Kausik Banerjee , Chittaranjan V. Dave , Kartikeya Singh Chauhan , Shomen Mukherjee , Yadvendradev V. Jhala","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carnivores alter their activity to maximize individual fitness by increasing encounters with prey, reducing overlap with humans and minimizing opportunities for loss of kills to kleptoparasitism. We observed 16 radiocollared lions, <em>Panthera leo leo</em>, within the Gir landscape by continuous focal animal sampling for a period of 2–10 days in each session and studied their hunting and feeding patterns with respect to the activity patterns of their prey, chital and domestic livestock. Lions were mostly active during the night while most of the day was spent resting under cover, when temperatures and human activity were high. Activity of lions differed between the sexes but coincided with the activity of their prey. Feeding intervals and feeding bouts for lions were longer inside the protected area compared to multiuse landscapes outside it. Lions tended to feed longer on predated than scavenged carcasses. Livestock comprised the majority of the lions’ diet in the Gir landscape. We observed a low level of kleptoparasitism in the Asiatic lions compared with their counterparts in the Serengeti in Africa. Hunting by lionesses declined during the corresponding male activity period, possibly to minimize kleptoparasitism by male lions. We conclude that the hunting and feeding times of lions are adapted to maximize payoffs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.007
Wataru Kojima , Kosuke Hidaka , Sakito Koizumi , Yuta Murayama , Toshiyuki Nakata
The robust exoskeleton of beetles, Coleoptera, is believed to have protective advantages, contributing to their evolutionary success. However, empirical evidence of the defensive capabilities of this exoskeleton remains surprisingly scarce. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of the robust beetle exoskeleton in protecting against avian predation. We found that flower chafers (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) have more robust bodies than other scarab species. Laboratory experiments with naïve Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, revealed that some individuals of intact Cetoniinae survived attacks without serious injury, whereas all individuals of soft scarab species or elytra-removed Cetoniinae were consumed. The survival rate of intact Cetoniinae increased in complex environments because the combination of their stiffness and elliptical shape made it difficult for quail to handle the prey. Field experiments with wild white-cheeked starlings, Sturnus cineraceus, and Eurasian tree sparrows, Passer montanus, demonstrated that most individuals of Cetoniinae species were ignored, whereas soft species were readily preyed upon. Further, when we presented the starlings with the Cetoniinae species Protaetia orientalis that had artificially softened bodies and altered appearance, the starlings readily preyed upon them. This observation suggests that P. orientalis is not chemically defended. Moreover, wild birds can visually discriminate hard species because of prior experience with the unprofitable prey. These results collectively provide evidence that the robust exoskeleton of beetles protects them from predatory attack.
{"title":"Hard exoskeleton of beetles as armour against avian predators","authors":"Wataru Kojima , Kosuke Hidaka , Sakito Koizumi , Yuta Murayama , Toshiyuki Nakata","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The robust exoskeleton of beetles, Coleoptera, is believed to have protective advantages, contributing to their evolutionary success. However, empirical evidence of the defensive capabilities of this exoskeleton remains surprisingly scarce. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of the robust beetle exoskeleton in protecting against avian predation. We found that flower chafers (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) have more robust bodies than other scarab species. Laboratory experiments with naïve Japanese quail, <em>Coturnix japonica</em>, revealed that some individuals of intact Cetoniinae survived attacks without serious injury, whereas all individuals of soft scarab species or elytra-removed Cetoniinae were consumed. The survival rate of intact Cetoniinae increased in complex environments because the combination of their stiffness and elliptical shape made it difficult for quail to handle the prey. Field experiments with wild white-cheeked starlings, <em>Sturnus cineraceus</em>, and Eurasian tree sparrows, <em>Passer montanus</em>, demonstrated that most individuals of Cetoniinae species were ignored, whereas soft species were readily preyed upon. Further, when we presented the starlings with the Cetoniinae species <em>Protaetia orientalis</em> that had artificially softened bodies and altered appearance, the starlings readily preyed upon them. This observation suggests that <em>P. orientalis</em> is not chemically defended. Moreover, wild birds can visually discriminate hard species because of prior experience with the unprofitable prey. These results collectively provide evidence that the robust exoskeleton of beetles protects them from predatory attack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive environmental pollutant with multiple adverse effects on animal biology. As the vertebrate nervous system is particularly sensitive to light effects, this study explores the potential negative impact of ALAN on cognition in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Fish from mesocosm populations exposed to either ALAN or control conditions underwent visual and spatial learning tasks, along with an evaluation of cognitive flexibility with visual and spatial reversal learning tasks. Contrary to our initial prediction of a general negative impact, learning performance was not affected by the ALAN treatment. The analysis of reversal learning revealed task-dependent effects on cognitive flexibility: fish exposed to ALAN performed worse than control fish in the visual reversal learning task, but displayed better performance in the spatial reversal learning task. We propose that the influence of ALAN on cognition might differ between different cognitive functions or involve noncognitive factors that play different roles in the testing paradigms. The study underscores the importance of task specificity in nonadaptive cognitive plasticity and calls for ecological assessments to quantify fitness consequences of ALAN in natural settings.
夜间人造光（ALAN）是一种普遍存在的环境污染物，对动物生物学有多种不利影响。由于脊椎动物的神经系统对光的影响特别敏感，本研究探讨了 ALAN 对成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）认知能力的潜在负面影响。来自暴露于 ALAN 或对照条件下的中观宇宙种群的鱼类接受了视觉和空间学习任务，并通过视觉和空间反转学习任务评估了认知灵活性。与我们最初预测的普遍负面影响相反，学习成绩并未受到 ALAN 处理的影响。对逆转学习的分析表明，认知灵活性受到任务的影响：暴露于ALAN的鱼在视觉逆转学习任务中的表现比对照组鱼差，但在空间逆转学习任务中的表现更好。我们认为，ALAN 对认知的影响可能因不同的认知功能而异，或者涉及在测试范式中发挥不同作用的非认知因素。这项研究强调了任务特异性在非适应性认知可塑性中的重要性，并呼吁进行生态评估，以量化ALAN在自然环境中对体能的影响。
{"title":"Differential impact of artificial light at night on cognitive flexibility in visual and spatial reversal learning tasks","authors":"Gaia De Russi , Giulia Montalbano , Elia Gatto , Elena Maggi , Stefano Cannicci , Cristiano Bertolucci , Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive environmental pollutant with multiple adverse effects on animal biology. As the vertebrate nervous system is particularly sensitive to light effects, this study explores the potential negative impact of ALAN on cognition in adult zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em>. Fish from mesocosm populations exposed to either ALAN or control conditions underwent visual and spatial learning tasks, along with an evaluation of cognitive flexibility with visual and spatial reversal learning tasks. Contrary to our initial prediction of a general negative impact, learning performance was not affected by the ALAN treatment. The analysis of reversal learning revealed task-dependent effects on cognitive flexibility: fish exposed to ALAN performed worse than control fish in the visual reversal learning task, but displayed better performance in the spatial reversal learning task. We propose that the influence of ALAN on cognition might differ between different cognitive functions or involve noncognitive factors that play different roles in the testing paradigms. The study underscores the importance of task specificity in nonadaptive cognitive plasticity and calls for ecological assessments to quantify fitness consequences of ALAN in natural settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 173-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.016
Martina Francesconi , Antonio Lorenzo Loprete , Veronica Maglieri , Marina Davila-Ross , Elisabetta Palagi
In mammals, robust connection between mothers and offspring plays pivotal roles in physiological and socioemotional development. Our study investigated the consequences of early maternal deprivation on social play behaviour in immature chimpanzees, examining expected and unexpected findings. In line with the predicted hypothesis, orphaned individuals exhibited lower frequencies of social play than mother-reared chimpanzees, supporting traditional notions of the indispensable role of maternal influence in the correct expression of social behaviours. However, the absence of discernible differences in the variability and roughness of playful patterns, tested for the first time in orphan and mother-reared chimpanzees, suggests that the presence of adult models may not be fundamental for expanding and regulating immature playful behavioural repertoire. Escalation into overt aggression did not differ between orphan and mother-reared chimpanzees, challenging the idea of the crucial role of maternal investment in developing self-restrain abilities during play. Orphans engaged in shorter sessions compared with mother-reared subjects; this strategy is naturally adopted by wild and captive chimpanzees when they need to cope with the risk of escalation during play fighting. Although maternal deprivation has been linked to anxiety-related and depressive behaviours in primates, our results reveal a degree of behavioural resilience in orphans that are still able to adhere to social rules during play, particularly when having contact with their peers. Although play behaviour development can arise from the multifaceted interconnection between early experiences, social dynamics and individual propensity to interact socially, our findings support the view, emerging from a plethora of studies on many social mammals, that play has an irreplaceable role in an individual's life history.
{"title":"Without optimum support: effect of maternal early deprivation on play in semiwild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes","authors":"Martina Francesconi , Antonio Lorenzo Loprete , Veronica Maglieri , Marina Davila-Ross , Elisabetta Palagi","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mammals, robust connection between mothers and offspring plays pivotal roles in physiological and socioemotional development. Our study investigated the consequences of early maternal deprivation on social play behaviour in immature chimpanzees, examining expected and unexpected findings. In line with the predicted hypothesis, orphaned individuals exhibited lower frequencies of social play than mother-reared chimpanzees, supporting traditional notions of the indispensable role of maternal influence in the correct expression of social behaviours. However, the absence of discernible differences in the variability and roughness of playful patterns, tested for the first time in orphan and mother-reared chimpanzees, suggests that the presence of adult models may not be fundamental for expanding and regulating immature playful behavioural repertoire. Escalation into overt aggression did not differ between orphan and mother-reared chimpanzees, challenging the idea of the crucial role of maternal investment in developing self-restrain abilities during play. Orphans engaged in shorter sessions compared with mother-reared subjects; this strategy is naturally adopted by wild and captive chimpanzees when they need to cope with the risk of escalation during play fighting. Although maternal deprivation has been linked to anxiety-related and depressive behaviours in primates, our results reveal a degree of behavioural resilience in orphans that are still able to adhere to social rules during play, particularly when having contact with their peers. Although play behaviour development can arise from the multifaceted interconnection between early experiences, social dynamics and individual propensity to interact socially, our findings support the view, emerging from a plethora of studies on many social mammals, that play has an irreplaceable role in an individual's life history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.001
Agathe Serres , Jean-Hugh Thomas , Lijun Dong , Shenglan Chen , Binshuai Liu , Songhai Li
Dolphin communication involves acoustic signals, including whistles, and the well-studied bottlenose dolphins produce individually distinctive whistles called signature whistles (SWs). The production of a potential SW by an injured Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin has been reported, but no study has attempted to validate this finding in this species. Using data collected during encounters with free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins at two locations in the northern South China Sea, we investigated the production of SWs by these dolphins. Of the 3846 analysed whistles, 37% were identified as potential SWs (PSWs) using the SIGnature whistle IDentification method and categorized into 82 PSW types. Overall, PSWs were identified during 54% of encounters. Given the high production rate of stereotyped whistles (62% of all whistles in 90% of encounters) compared with the identified PSWs, we suggest that the SIGnature whistle IDentification method criteria cannot be fully adapted for the detection of SWs in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, and more research should be conducted to adapt the criteria to the species. In addition, the characteristics of PSWs differed slightly between locations, potentially because of the geographical separation of populations and habitat differences (e.g. noise levels). The present results confirm the production of stereotyped whistles, including PSWs, by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Further research should be conducted to confirm whether these whistles are similar to bottlenose dolphins’ SWs.
{"title":"Potential signature whistle production by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, in the northern South China sea","authors":"Agathe Serres , Jean-Hugh Thomas , Lijun Dong , Shenglan Chen , Binshuai Liu , Songhai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dolphin communication involves acoustic signals, including whistles, and the well-studied bottlenose dolphins produce individually distinctive whistles called signature whistles (SWs). The production of a potential SW by an injured Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin has been reported, but no study has attempted to validate this finding in this species. Using data collected during encounters with free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins at two locations in the northern South China Sea, we investigated the production of SWs by these dolphins. Of the 3846 analysed whistles, 37% were identified as potential SWs (PSWs) using the SIGnature whistle IDentification method and categorized into 82 PSW types. Overall, PSWs were identified during 54% of encounters. Given the high production rate of stereotyped whistles (62% of all whistles in 90% of encounters) compared with the identified PSWs, we suggest that the SIGnature whistle IDentification method criteria cannot be fully adapted for the detection of SWs in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, and more research should be conducted to adapt the criteria to the species. In addition, the characteristics of PSWs differed slightly between locations, potentially because of the geographical separation of populations and habitat differences (e.g. noise levels). The present results confirm the production of stereotyped whistles, including PSWs, by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Further research should be conducted to confirm whether these whistles are similar to bottlenose dolphins’ SWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.008
Taylor M. Brown , Sabina I. Wilhelm , Aaron D. Slepkov , Kaitlyn Baker , Gabriela F. Mastromonaco , Gary Burness
Every year in Newfoundland, young Atlantic puffins, Fratercula arctica, departing their nests at night for the first time become stranded in towns near their breeding colonies, a phenomenon thought to be caused by attraction towards artificial light. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three behavioural experiments. First, we illuminated beaches near a breeding colony to determine whether more fledglings would become stranded in illuminated versus dark conditions. Next, we conducted a Y-maze experiment to test stranded fledglings for phototactic behaviour in general and for preferences among high-pressure sodium (HPS), Warm white light-emitting diode (LED), Cool white LED, Blue LED and Orange LED light. Lastly, we quantified activity levels of stranded fledglings in an open field test during exposure to several different light types. We found significantly more fledglings stranded when beaches were illuminated, and fledglings significantly preferred light over darkness in the Y-maze, supporting our hypothesis that Atlantic puffin fledglings become stranded due to light attraction. Fledglings displayed no preferences for certain light types over others in the Y-maze, potentially suggesting that strandings in this species may not be mitigable by changing the streetlight type in stranding-prone towns. Interestingly, fledglings exhibited higher activity levels in darkness and HPS light than in LED light, potentially holding implications for rescue, rehabilitation and husbandry programmes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the only evidence-based strategy for the reduction of Atlantic puffin strandings is the reduction of coastal artificial lighting; however, further research is needed to determine whether aspects of artificial light besides bulb type may be altered to effectively reduce light attraction in this species.
每年在纽芬兰，第一次在夜间离巢的大西洋海雀（Fratercula arctica）幼鸟都会在繁殖地附近的城镇搁浅，这种现象被认为是受到人造光的吸引所致。为了验证这一假设，我们进行了三个行为实验。首先，我们照亮了繁殖地附近的海滩，以确定在光照条件下与黑暗条件下是否会有更多的雏鸟搁浅。接着，我们进行了一个Y型迷宫实验，测试搁浅雏鸟的一般趋光行为，以及它们对高压钠灯（HPS）、暖白光发光二极管（LED）、冷白光发光二极管、蓝光发光二极管和橙光发光二极管的偏好。最后，我们对搁浅的雏鸟在暴露于几种不同光照类型时的活动水平进行了量化。我们发现，当海滩上有灯光时，搁浅的雏鸟数量明显增加，而且在Y型迷宫中，雏鸟明显偏好光而不是黑暗，这支持了我们的假设，即大西洋海雀雏鸟是由于光的吸引而搁浅的。在Y型迷宫中，雏海雀没有表现出对某些光线类型的偏好，这可能表明，在容易发生搁浅的城镇，改变路灯类型可能无法缓解该物种的搁浅。有趣的是，雏鸟在黑暗和 HPS 灯光下比在 LED 灯光下表现出更高的活动水平，这可能会对拯救、康复和饲养计划产生影响。总之，我们的研究结果表明，减少大西洋海雀搁浅的唯一有据可依的策略是减少沿海人工照明；然而，还需要进一步研究，以确定除了灯泡类型外，是否还可以改变人工照明的其他方面，以有效减少该物种的光吸引力。
{"title":"Navigating the night: effects of artificial light on the behaviour of Atlantic puffin fledglings","authors":"Taylor M. Brown , Sabina I. Wilhelm , Aaron D. Slepkov , Kaitlyn Baker , Gabriela F. Mastromonaco , Gary Burness","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every year in Newfoundland, young Atlantic puffins, <em>Fratercula arctica</em>, departing their nests at night for the first time become stranded in towns near their breeding colonies, a phenomenon thought to be caused by attraction towards artificial light. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three behavioural experiments. First, we illuminated beaches near a breeding colony to determine whether more fledglings would become stranded in illuminated versus dark conditions. Next, we conducted a Y-maze experiment to test stranded fledglings for phototactic behaviour in general and for preferences among high-pressure sodium (HPS), Warm white light-emitting diode (LED), Cool white LED, Blue LED and Orange LED light. Lastly, we quantified activity levels of stranded fledglings in an open field test during exposure to several different light types. We found significantly more fledglings stranded when beaches were illuminated, and fledglings significantly preferred light over darkness in the Y-maze, supporting our hypothesis that Atlantic puffin fledglings become stranded due to light attraction. Fledglings displayed no preferences for certain light types over others in the Y-maze, potentially suggesting that strandings in this species may not be mitigable by changing the streetlight type in stranding-prone towns. Interestingly, fledglings exhibited higher activity levels in darkness and HPS light than in LED light, potentially holding implications for rescue, rehabilitation and husbandry programmes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the only evidence-based strategy for the reduction of Atlantic puffin strandings is the reduction of coastal artificial lighting; however, further research is needed to determine whether aspects of artificial light besides bulb type may be altered to effectively reduce light attraction in this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing and implementing effective approaches to improve the welfare of animals participating in research requires reliable monitoring of their wellbeing. Since wellbeing is a multidimensional state that relates to an individual's physiological, behavioural and psychological/mental health, assessing it requires the use of measures that are both ecologically relevant and species-specific. Grey mouse lemurs are small, nocturnal, arboreal and omnivorous primates and a powerful model for fundamental and translational research. As such, it is important to study the factors that may help predict their wellbeing in captivity. Therefore, we monitored 12 adult mouse lemurs (six females and six males) housed with a same-sex weight-matched cage mate for 5 weeks under standard (Control) levels of environmental enrichment and 12 adults (six females and six males) under relatively High enrichment. We hypothesized that higher structural enrichment would stimulate metabolic energy expenditure, influencing how individuals would respond to a battery of behavioural and physiological measures, especially since their feeding rations remained unchanged throughout the study. We characterized circadian activity, judgement bias, predatory motivation, thermal reactivity to stress and changes in body composition. Generally, mouse lemurs under High enrichment showed more activity and increased predatory motivation and optimism than those in the Control group during daylight. Lemurs under High enrichment also showed increased responses during a stress reactivity test and higher losses in body and fat mass. Principal component analysis identified seven (out of nine) components that explained 96% of the variability in the data. Using a Naïve Bayes classifier algorithm trained with these new principal components, we classified the animals as either from High or Control enrichment levels with 100% accuracy. In summary, by measuring several relevant behavioural and physiological responses to environmental enrichment, we identified a multidimensional effect related to differences in welfare.
{"title":"Evaluating indicators of wellbeing in captive grey mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus, in the context of enrichment","authors":"Juan Pablo Perea-Rodriguez , Julie Ferreira , Aude Anzeraey , Fabienne Aujard , Caroline Gilbert , Fabien Pifferi , Emmanuelle Pouydebat , Jérémy Terrien , Audrey Maille","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing and implementing effective approaches to improve the welfare of animals participating in research requires reliable monitoring of their wellbeing. Since wellbeing is a multidimensional state that relates to an individual's physiological, behavioural and psychological/mental health, assessing it requires the use of measures that are both ecologically relevant and species-specific. Grey mouse lemurs are small, nocturnal, arboreal and omnivorous primates and a powerful model for fundamental and translational research. As such, it is important to study the factors that may help predict their wellbeing in captivity. Therefore, we monitored 12 adult mouse lemurs (six females and six males) housed with a same-sex weight-matched cage mate for 5 weeks under standard (Control) levels of environmental enrichment and 12 adults (six females and six males) under relatively High enrichment. We hypothesized that higher structural enrichment would stimulate metabolic energy expenditure, influencing how individuals would respond to a battery of behavioural and physiological measures, especially since their feeding rations remained unchanged throughout the study. We characterized circadian activity, judgement bias, predatory motivation, thermal reactivity to stress and changes in body composition. Generally, mouse lemurs under High enrichment showed more activity and increased predatory motivation and optimism than those in the Control group during daylight. Lemurs under High enrichment also showed increased responses during a stress reactivity test and higher losses in body and fat mass. Principal component analysis identified seven (out of nine) components that explained 96% of the variability in the data. Using a Naïve Bayes classifier algorithm trained with these new principal components, we classified the animals as either from High or Control enrichment levels with 100% accuracy. In summary, by measuring several relevant behavioural and physiological responses to environmental enrichment, we identified a multidimensional effect related to differences in welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.003
Virginia Pallante , Ivan Norscia , Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
In social mammals, conflicts are stressful events for the individuals involved. In the postconflict context, it is possible to detect the emotional state of the former opponents through the expression of displacement activities and aggressive behaviours, which indicate an increase in social tension. In humans, stressful events also induce a physiological response that leads to increased social tension behaviours. However, the variation of such behaviours in the postconflict context has never been investigated. Therefore, by conducting a video analysis of street fights recorded by closed-circuit television cameras, we explored the variation in behaviours associated with anxiety, aggression-related anger and other behaviours possibly related to both anxiety and anger (body postures and talking with gestures) in human opponents. We compared the expression of social tension behaviours before and after the eruption of the conflict and found that displacement activities (related to anxiety), aggressive behaviours (related to anger) and talking with gestures (possibly related to anxiety/anger) increased in the postconflict context, but body postures remained unchanged. Moreover, displacement activities and aggressive patterns showed a temporal variation, decreasing within 10 min following the conflict. Finally, the occurrence of anxiety-related behaviours was more sensitive to aggression intensity than anger-related behaviours, indicating that different social tension behaviours rely on different responses that might be separable. Our study highlights the importance of the ethological approach for evaluating postconflict social tension in humans, which shows a variation in its expression as observed in nonhuman primates. Following a similar comparative approach, we encourage further studies to explore the role of social tension in altering postconflict social dynamics.
{"title":"Social tension in the aftermath of public conflicts: an ethological analysis in humans","authors":"Virginia Pallante , Ivan Norscia , Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In social mammals, conflicts are stressful events for the individuals involved. In the postconflict context, it is possible to detect the emotional state of the former opponents through the expression of displacement activities and aggressive behaviours, which indicate an increase in social tension. In humans, stressful events also induce a physiological response that leads to increased social tension behaviours. However, the variation of such behaviours in the postconflict context has never been investigated. Therefore, by conducting a video analysis of street fights recorded by closed-circuit television cameras, we explored the variation in behaviours associated with anxiety, aggression-related anger and other behaviours possibly related to both anxiety and anger (body postures and talking with gestures) in human opponents. We compared the expression of social tension behaviours before and after the eruption of the conflict and found that displacement activities (related to anxiety), aggressive behaviours (related to anger) and talking with gestures (possibly related to anxiety/anger) increased in the postconflict context, but body postures remained unchanged. Moreover, displacement activities and aggressive patterns showed a temporal variation, decreasing within 10 min following the conflict. Finally, the occurrence of anxiety-related behaviours was more sensitive to aggression intensity than anger-related behaviours, indicating that different social tension behaviours rely on different responses that might be separable. Our study highlights the importance of the ethological approach for evaluating postconflict social tension in humans, which shows a variation in its expression as observed in nonhuman primates. Following a similar comparative approach, we encourage further studies to explore the role of social tension in altering postconflict social dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.005
Peter R. Marting , Claire S. Bailey , Michael L. Smith
Cavity-nesting animals are limited by the options available in the environment and thus may have to adapt their nest structure to optimize its function. After choosing a cavity, honey bee colonies must decide where to initiate their comb nest within the empty cavity. Within-cavity location preferences remain untested, but previous studies suggest proximity to the ceiling, entrance and east side may be important. To distinguish potential preferences for nest initiation sites, we designed ‘infinity nest’ hive boxes that were extremely elongated (2.4 m), with target features at opposite ends, thus forcing colonies to choose between the entrance, the east side and the ceiling. Not only did colonies show a clear preference for nesting near the entrance (89%; N = 9), but when the entrance was far from the ceiling, colonies modified their nest by building combs from vertical walls. Combs that were attached to walls were more vertically elongated than combs attached to horizontal ceilings, which likely reduces the straining forces from gravity and shows that bees can alter their entire nest structure to accommodate different attachment angles and initiation site preferences. Therefore, honey bees are not constrained to attaching their comb to the cavity's ceiling and instead pursue other important initiation site features, like proximity to the cavity entrance, which may reduce commute time. Given that colonies reuse their nest for multiple worker generations, the decision of where to initiate the nest within a cavity likely has long-term impacts for colony function. This work demonstrates the importance of plasticity in built structures and the extended phenotype.
{"title":"Within-cavity nest preferences: honey bees favour the entrance rather than the ceiling when initiating their nest","authors":"Peter R. Marting , Claire S. Bailey , Michael L. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavity-nesting animals are limited by the options available in the environment and thus may have to adapt their nest structure to optimize its function. After choosing a cavity, honey bee colonies must decide where to initiate their comb nest within the empty cavity. Within-cavity location preferences remain untested, but previous studies suggest proximity to the ceiling, entrance and east side may be important. To distinguish potential preferences for nest initiation sites, we designed ‘infinity nest’ hive boxes that were extremely elongated (2.4<!--> <!-->m), with target features at opposite ends, thus forcing colonies to choose between the entrance, the east side and the ceiling. Not only did colonies show a clear preference for nesting near the entrance (89%; <em>N</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9), but when the entrance was far from the ceiling, colonies modified their nest by building combs from vertical walls. Combs that were attached to walls were more vertically elongated than combs attached to horizontal ceilings, which likely reduces the straining forces from gravity and shows that bees can alter their entire nest structure to accommodate different attachment angles and initiation site preferences. Therefore, honey bees are not constrained to attaching their comb to the cavity's ceiling and instead pursue other important initiation site features, like proximity to the cavity entrance, which may reduce commute time. Given that colonies reuse their nest for multiple worker generations, the decision of where to initiate the nest within a cavity likely has long-term impacts for colony function. This work demonstrates the importance of plasticity in built structures and the extended phenotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.014
Mathieu Brevet , Staffan Jacob , Alexis Rutschmann , Murielle Richard , Julien Cote , Jean Clobert
Individuals' movements are conditioned by the acquisition of information from personal interactions with the environment or from social sources. Despite the importance of social information in movement decision making, little is known about how individuals proceed when social information comes from multiple sources. Here, we specifically tackled this issue by experimentally testing (1) how social information from multiple sources is used to make relocation decisions and (2) whether a contrast in this information enables individuals to orient themselves in space. Using the common lizard as a model species, we conducted repeated experiments in which a focal neonate received information from two other neonates coming from distinct peripheral environments before being given the opportunity to relocate to either peripheral environment. Specifically, we focused on information on resource availability and intraspecific competition by considering informants' body mass (BM) at birth and their subsequent food intake. Our analyses revealed that the amount of resources in the informants' environments affected relocation decisions, depending on the focal individual's phenotype. We found the probability of relocation increased when both the informants' food intake and the focal individual's BM increased or decreased. We also found the relocation increased when both the informants' and focal individual's BM increased or decreased. Our findings suggest that focal individuals adjust their relocation response to social information according to their needs and/or physical abilities. Conversely, we found no significant effect of differences in BM between informants or spatial variability in resource availability on spatial orientation. This study highlights that multiple sources of social information that reflect the quality of the surrounding environment (competition or resource availability) can be used for movement decision making.
{"title":"Social information use for spatial decision in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara","authors":"Mathieu Brevet , Staffan Jacob , Alexis Rutschmann , Murielle Richard , Julien Cote , Jean Clobert","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals' movements are conditioned by the acquisition of information from personal interactions with the environment or from social sources. Despite the importance of social information in movement decision making, little is known about how individuals proceed when social information comes from multiple sources. Here, we specifically tackled this issue by experimentally testing (1) how social information from multiple sources is used to make relocation decisions and (2) whether a contrast in this information enables individuals to orient themselves in space. Using the common lizard as a model species, we conducted repeated experiments in which a focal neonate received information from two other neonates coming from distinct peripheral environments before being given the opportunity to relocate to either peripheral environment. Specifically, we focused on information on resource availability and intraspecific competition by considering informants' body mass (BM) at birth and their subsequent food intake. Our analyses revealed that the amount of resources in the informants' environments affected relocation decisions, depending on the focal individual's phenotype. We found the probability of relocation increased when both the informants' food intake and the focal individual's BM increased or decreased. We also found the relocation increased when both the informants' and focal individual's BM increased or decreased. Our findings suggest that focal individuals adjust their relocation response to social information according to their needs and/or physical abilities. Conversely, we found no significant effect of differences in BM between informants or spatial variability in resource availability on spatial orientation. This study highlights that multiple sources of social information that reflect the quality of the surrounding environment (competition or resource availability) can be used for movement decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50788,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behaviour","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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