Animal Behaviour最新文献_第3页

Faeces as food: a framework for adaptive nutritional coprophagy in vertebrates 粪便作为食物：脊椎动物适应性营养共食的框架

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.002

Elaine J. Power , Sally L. Bornbusch , Erin L. Kendrick

Nutritional coprophagy has been under-recognized in many vertebrates despite its potential impact on social behaviours, health outcomes and ecological relationships. We reviewed published instances of apparent nutritional coprophagy across all vertebrate taxa, casting a wide net to capture incidental observations as well as focused studies. We found that coprophagy is a recognized, natural behaviour in five of seven vertebrate classes (all except Agnatha and Chondrichthyes), with reports of nutritional coprophagy in over 150 species. Nutritional coprophagy is common among some families and appears to be more common among herbivores and omnivores compared to faunivores. Across all taxa in which they occur, coprophagic behaviours cluster into seven distinct groups, distinguished by source of faeces, life stage, frequency and dietary ecology, as follows. (A) Routine reingestion to fulfil nutrient requirements (20 families of mammals and amphibians); (B) Juvenile nutritional support (11 families of mammals, reptiles and birds); (C) Nutritional supplementation of adults during parental care (18 families of mammals and birds); (D) Adaptation to aphotic, nutrient-poor habitats (2 families of amphibians and bony fish); (E) Frequent supplemental feeding strategy in biodiverse environments (38 families of mammals, reptiles, birds and bony fish); (F) Rare supplemental nutrition (12 families of mammals, reptiles and birds); (G) Targeted ingestion of seeds and fruits found in faeces (7 families of mammals, reptiles and birds). We propose that these groups represent different manifestations of adaptive nutritional coprophagy. Despite the numerous reports of coprophagy that have been documented, the behaviour is still widely considered abnormal or pathological in many animals. Applying this framework may help field researchers, wildlife managers and animal caretakers recognize nutritional coprophagic behaviours and characterize them as part of a dietary strategy. The framework also suggests possible evolutionary pathways for coprophagy as an adaptive behaviour.

尽管营养共食对社会行为、健康结果和生态关系有潜在影响，但许多脊椎动物的营养共食行为一直未得到充分认识。我们回顾了已发表的所有脊椎动物类群明显的营养共食现象，广泛撒网捕捉偶然观察到的现象以及重点研究。我们发现，在七个脊椎动物类群中，有五个类群（除无脊椎动物和软骨鱼类外）的营养共食是一种公认的自然行为，有超过 150 个物种的营养共食报道。营养共食在一些科中很常见，与动物食肉动物相比，似乎在草食动物和杂食动物中更为常见。根据粪便来源、生活阶段、出现频率和饮食生态学，在所有出现的类群中，共食行为可分为以下七类。(A) 日常再摄食以满足营养需求（哺乳动物和两栖动物的 20 个科）；(B) 幼体营养支持（哺乳动物、爬行动物和鸟类的 11 个科）；(C) 在亲代照料期间为成体补充营养（哺乳动物和鸟类的 18 个科）；(D) 适应嗜磷和营养贫乏的生境（两栖动物和硬骨鱼类的 2 个科）；(E) 生物多样性环境中的频繁补充食物策略（哺乳动物、爬行动物、鸟类和硬骨鱼类的 38 个科）；(F) 罕见的补充营养（哺乳动物、爬行动物和鸟类的 12 个科）；(G) 有针对性地摄取粪便中的种子和果实（哺乳动物、爬行动物和鸟类的 7 个科）。我们认为，这些类别代表了适应性营养共食的不同表现形式。尽管有大量关于共食的报道，但在许多动物中，这种行为仍被普遍认为是不正常或病态的。应用这一框架可以帮助野外研究人员、野生动物管理者和动物看护者识别营养性共食行为，并将其描述为饮食策略的一部分。该框架还提出了共食行为作为一种适应性行为的可能进化途径。

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引用次数: 0

Social preference persists at roosting aggregations in a cooperatively breeding bird 一种合作繁殖的鸟类在筑巢聚集时会持续保持社会偏好

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.012

Rubén Vera Gómez , Vittorio Baglione , Elisa Chiarati , Daniela Canestrari

Animal sociality ranges from predominantly solitary life to complex multilevel societies in which stable core units merge into increasingly inclusive entities.

To understand the evolutionary pathways and mechanisms that promote and maintain animal sociality in different taxa, it is crucial to uncover whether conspecific aggregations result from true social attraction or nonsocial forcing factors (e.g. localized resource) and whether social preference is maintained in different contexts. Here, we show that, in cooperatively breeding carrion crows, Corvus corone, core social units persist at higher levels of aggregations (roosts). In our study population, individuals live in cohesive territorial kin groups year-round in an all-purpose territory. At night, crows from different territories may sleep communally in one of the four roosts available in the area. By radiotracking 73 individuals, we found that roosts were used mainly in winter and on cold nights in autumn and spring, suggesting a thermoregulatory function of nocturnal aggregations. Interestingly, we also discovered that members of the same social group preferentially used the same roost, showing a social cohesion that was not achieved by mere attraction to the same roosting site but was based on an active choice of joining groupmates. Therefore, our results indicate that social preference persists in different aggregation contexts in cooperative crows, revealing a further complexity of their society and suggesting a social function of roosts. However, different social groups did not merge in a stable and predictable way at the roost level, providing weak support for a multilevel society in this population.

要了解不同类群中促进和维持动物社会性的进化途径和机制，关键是要揭示同种聚集是由真正的社会吸引还是由非社会强迫因素（如局部资源）导致的，以及社会偏好是否在不同环境中得以维持。在这里，我们发现，在合作繁殖的腐食鸦群（Corvus corone）中，核心社会单位在较高水平的聚集（巢穴）中持续存在。在我们的研究种群中，乌鸦个体常年生活在一个具有凝聚力的领地亲属群中。晚上，来自不同领地的乌鸦可能会在该地区现有的四个栖息地之一集体睡觉。通过对 73 只乌鸦进行辐射追踪，我们发现乌鸦主要在冬季以及秋季和春季的寒冷夜晚使用栖息地，这表明夜间聚集具有调节体温的功能。有趣的是，我们还发现同一社会群体的成员会优先使用同一栖息地，这表明社会凝聚力并不是仅仅通过吸引到同一栖息地而实现的，而是建立在主动选择加入群友的基础上。因此，我们的研究结果表明，合作乌鸦的社会偏好会在不同的聚居环境中持续存在，这进一步揭示了乌鸦社会的复杂性，并表明了栖息地的社会功能。然而，不同的社会群体并没有以稳定和可预测的方式在栖息地水平上合并，这为该种群的多级社会提供了微弱的支持。

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引用次数: 0

The dynamics of dominance in a ‘despotic’ society 专制 "社会中的统治动态

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.009

Rosemary Blersch , Brianne A. Beisner , Jessica J. Vandeleest , Brenda McCowan

Dominance hierarchies are a key feature in the dynamics of animal social groups, playing a crucial role in fostering group stability. Despite often being viewed as static, persistent linear structures, hierarchies are fundamentally dynamic and can change over time due to ecological conditions, demographic changes and ontogenetic development. There are numerous methods used to construct hierarchies and quantify individual dominance rank, but methods to capture the dynamics of a hierarchy across time have only recently been developed. As such, relatively little is known about the longitudinal hierarchy dynamics in many social species, including nonhuman primates, and the timescale at which these hierarchy dynamics play out. Here we consider the longitudinal hierarchy dynamics across a 4-year period in a large group of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. We investigated group and individual level predictors of active rank dynamics, or dynamics that arise from rank reversals. We found that, despite rhesus macaques being considered to have relatively stable hierarchies, there was significant active rank mobility in both males and females, even in the face of limited resource competition. Female rank change was not solely driven by matrilineal structure or demographic processes as females also opportunistically ascended in rank. Furthermore, we found strong links between rank certainty and hierarchy dynamics with periods of high hierarchy instability associated with low mean dominance certainty. Lastly, we found limited evidence of associations between periods of high active rank dynamics and social global network structure. This suggests more localized dynamics during hierarchy instability are at play rather than widescale network reorganization. Together, these results stress the importance of considering social context in rank dynamics, illustrate the dynamic nature of macaque dominance rank and further highlight the opportunistic nature of the species.

统治等级是动物社会群体动态的一个关键特征，在促进群体稳定方面发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管等级制度通常被视为静态的、持续的线性结构，但从根本上说，等级制度是动态的，会随着时间的推移因生态条件、人口变化和本体发育而发生变化。用于构建等级结构和量化个体优势等级的方法有很多，但捕捉等级结构跨时间动态变化的方法直到最近才被开发出来。因此，人们对包括非人灵长类在内的许多社会物种的纵向等级动态以及这些等级动态的时间尺度知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了一个大型猕猴群体在 4 年时间里的纵向等级动态。我们研究了群体和个体水平上的主动等级动态或由等级逆转产生的动态的预测因素。我们发现，尽管猕猴被认为具有相对稳定的等级制度，但即使面对有限的资源竞争，雄性和雌性猕猴的等级都有显著的主动流动性。雌性等级变化并不完全受母系结构或人口统计过程的驱动，因为雌性也会伺机提升等级。此外，我们还发现等级确定性与等级动态之间存在密切联系，等级高度不稳定时期与平均优势确定性低有关。最后，我们发现等级动态活跃期与全球社会网络结构之间的关联证据有限。这表明，在等级制度不稳定时期，更多的是局部动态因素在起作用，而不是大规模的网络重组。总之，这些结果强调了在等级动态中考虑社会背景的重要性，说明了猕猴优势等级的动态性质，并进一步突出了该物种的机会主义性质。

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引用次数: 0

Personality and behavioural syndromes in two species of fruit bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) 两种果蝠（Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae）的性格和行为综合征

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.011

Pedro Henrique Miguel , Augusto F. Batisteli , Ariovaldo P. Cruz-Neto

Personality indicates consistency in individual behavioural responses across time, and different personality traits may be correlated in behavioural syndromes. Investigating such dimensions of the behaviour in frugivorous animals is crucial given the potential link between individual variation and their ecological significance as seed dispersers. However, few studies have explored the existence of personality traits and behavioural syndromes in fruit bats. In this context, we aimed to test whether the Neotropical fruit bats Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata show individual repeatability (i.e. personality) related to activity, docility and boldness and, if so, whether correlations between these personality axes constitute behavioural syndromes. All tests were repeated after 48 h to analyse repeatability. We found high individual repeatability in aggressiveness, activity and boldness for both species, but different behavioural syndromes for each species. For C. perspicillata, the three behaviours were correlated, with the least docile individuals being bolder and more active. For A. lituratus, docility and boldness were positively correlated but activity was not correlated with docility or boldness. Considering these different syndromes, our results suggest that C. perspicillata may show reduced variation in behavioural profiles compared to A. lituratus, likely influenced by species-specific selective pressures. Although our results are restricted to males, the existence of behavioural syndromes in these frugivorous bats contributes to our understanding of the importance of individual variation in behaviour on the ecological functions of these seed dispersers.

性格表明个体行为反应在不同时期的一致性，不同的性格特征可能与行为综合征相关。鉴于个体差异与其作为种子传播者的生态意义之间的潜在联系，对食果动物行为的这些方面进行调查至关重要。然而，很少有研究探讨果蝠是否存在个性特征和行为综合征。在这种情况下，我们的目的是测试新热带果蝠 Artibeus lituratus 和 Carollia perspicillata 是否表现出与活动、温顺和大胆有关的个体重复性（即个性），如果是，这些个性轴之间的相关性是否构成行为综合征。所有测试都在 48 小时后重复进行，以分析重复性。我们发现两个物种在攻击性、活动性和胆量方面的个体重复性都很高，但每个物种的行为综合征都不同。对于C. perspicillata来说，这三种行为是相关的，最温顺的个体更大胆、更活跃。对于 A. lituratus，温顺和大胆呈正相关，但活动与温顺或大胆无关。考虑到这些不同的综合征，我们的研究结果表明，与A. lituratus相比，C. perspicillata的行为特征变化可能较小，这可能是受到物种特有的选择压力的影响。虽然我们的研究结果仅限于雄性蝙蝠，但这些节食蝙蝠行为综合征的存在有助于我们理解个体行为差异对这些种子传播者生态功能的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Approaches to measuring predation pressure 测量捕食压力的方法

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.007

Hansani S.S. Daluwatta Galappaththige

Predation pressure is a selective force that leads to the evolution of defensive mechanisms in prey. Efforts are being made to measure and evaluate predation pressure qualitatively and quantitively, using various methods. As a guide for researchers, I review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used methods, including direct field observations, camera traps, animal-borne instruments, prey remains identification, biochemical methods, enclosure/exclusion experiments, prey damage identification, predator survey and spoor tracking. Among these methods, molecular tools to identify prey in the predator's gut, regurgitate or scat provide reliable estimates of the type and even quantity of prey in a predator's diet. Camera traps or direct observations also provide reliable information but are limited by the often-rare predation events. There is considerable potential in combining several methods to balance out the advantages and disadvantages of individual methods. For example, attack bites on artificial prey models can be combined with molecular analyses of the eDNA left behind by the predator. However, most methods still lack experimental validation to demonstrate that they actually quantify aspects of predator–prey interactions.

捕食压力是一种选择性力量，会导致猎物防御机制的进化。人们正努力利用各种方法来定性和定量地测量和评估捕食压力。作为研究人员的指南，我回顾并讨论了几种常用方法的优缺点，包括直接野外观察、相机陷阱、动物携带仪器、猎物残骸鉴定、生化方法、围栏/排斥实验、猎物损伤鉴定、捕食者调查和孢子追踪。在这些方法中，通过分子工具识别捕食者肠道、反刍物或粪便中的猎物，可以可靠地估计捕食者食物中猎物的种类甚至数量。照相机陷阱或直接观察也能提供可靠的信息，但受限于捕食事件的罕见性。将几种方法结合起来以平衡单个方法的优缺点具有相当大的潜力。例如，人工猎物模型上的攻击咬痕可以与捕食者留下的 eDNA 分子分析相结合。然而，大多数方法仍然缺乏实验验证，无法证明它们确实量化了捕食者与猎物之间相互作用的各个方面。

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引用次数: 0

Adult males are less social than juveniles and adult females in a wild agamid species 在一种野生姬蛙物种中，成年雄蛙的社会性低于幼蛙和成年雌蛙

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.006

Coralie Delmé , Barbara Class , Kasha Strickland , Céline H. Frère

Across their lifetime, individuals experience differing social environments and may adjust their social behaviour accordingly, leading to age-dependent social behaviour. Studying the ontogeny of social behaviour is of great importance, as it can provide valuable insights into the development and maintenance of sociality. So far, most studies investigating age-dependent social behaviour have focused on animal species exhibiting parental care (e.g. primates, cetaceans). However, in species lacking parental care, juveniles' behaviour likely has a greater impact on their survival than in species with parental care, owing to the lack of parental feeding and protection. Here, we explored whether affiliative behaviour differed between juvenile and adult eastern water dragons, Intellagama lesueurii, a species with no parental care. Specifically, we investigated the effect of age on individuals’ social associations and social environment (i.e. number of available social partners). We found that adult males were less gregarious, found in smaller groups and had fewer associates than both juveniles and adult females. Additionally, adult males fostered weaker associations than juveniles. Most importantly, this phenomenon was observed despite adult males experiencing similar opportunities to socialize as adult females and juveniles on the observation scale, while having more opportunities than juveniles on the yearly scale. Our findings may be driven by an adaptive avoidance of adult males by juveniles and adult females.

在人的一生中，个体会经历不同的社会环境，并相应地调整自己的社会行为，从而形成与年龄相关的社会行为。研究社会行为的本体发育非常重要，因为它可以为社会性的发展和维持提供宝贵的见解。迄今为止，大多数调查年龄依赖性社会行为的研究都集中在有父母照顾的动物物种（如灵长类、鲸类）。然而，在缺乏亲代照料的物种中，由于缺乏亲代的喂养和保护，幼年行为对其生存的影响可能比有亲代照料的物种更大。在这里，我们探讨了东部水龙（Intellagama lesueurii）幼体和成体的从属行为是否存在差异。具体来说，我们研究了年龄对个体的社会联系和社会环境（即可用的社会伙伴数量）的影响。我们发现，与幼年和成年雌性相比，成年雄性的群居性较弱，发现的群体较小，伙伴数量也较少。此外，成年雄性比幼年雄性的结社能力更弱。最重要的是，尽管在观察尺度上，成年雄性与成年雌性和幼年雄性的社交机会相似，但在年度尺度上，成年雄性比幼年雄性有更多的社交机会，这种现象还是被观察到了。我们的发现可能是由于幼鸟和成年雌鸟对成年雄鸟的适应性回避。

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引用次数: 0

Geographical variation in signals and responses: individual identity signals linked with capacity for individual face learning across Polistes fuscatus wasp populations 信号和反应的地域差异：个体身份信号与 Polistes fuscatus 黄蜂种群的个体面孔学习能力有关

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.003

Chloe Weise , Jarome R. Ali , Christian Cely Ortiz , Elizabeth A. Tibbetts

Communication requires both signals and receiver responses, yet we know little about how signals and responses covary when recognition capacity differs across a species' geographical range. Previous work has shown that Polistes fuscatus wasps from Michigan, U.S.A. are capable of individual face recognition, while P. fuscatus from central Pennsylvania, U.S.A. are not. Here, we provide a broader assessment of intraspecific variation in signals and responses across the range of P. fuscatus. We quantify the amount of perceivable facial pattern variation in each population as a measure of individual identity signalling. We also measure how accurately wasps from each population learn to discriminate between a standard set of conspecific faces as a measure of individual face recognition. We show that wasps are equally adept at learning to discriminate faces of wasps from their own population and faces of wasps from different populations, confirming that discriminating a standard set of faces provides a comparable measure of individual face learning capacity. We find that there is striking variation in signals and responses across wasp populations and that individual identity signals and receiver responses are linked. Wasps from populations with more variable individual identity signals learn to discriminate between a standard set of conspecific faces more accurately than wasps from populations with less variable individual identity signals. Overall, we find surprisingly high levels of intraspecific geographical variation in individual identity signals and responses. Work in additional taxa will be important to assess whether signal phenotype and receiver responses are commonly linked in geographically variable communication systems.

交流需要信号和接收者的反应，但当一个物种的识别能力在不同的地理范围内存在差异时，信号和反应如何共同作用，我们却知之甚少。以前的研究表明，来自美国密歇根州的 Polistes fuscatus 黄蜂具有个体人脸识别能力，而来自美国宾夕法尼亚州中部的 Polistes fuscatus 黄蜂则不具备这种能力。在这里，我们将对整个 P. fuscatus 分布区的信号和反应的种内差异进行更广泛的评估。我们量化了每个种群中可感知的面部图案变化量，作为个体身份信号的衡量标准。我们还测量了每个种群中的黄蜂如何准确地学会分辨一组标准的同种人脸，以此作为个体人脸识别的衡量标准。我们发现，黄蜂同样善于学习分辨来自其种群的黄蜂和来自不同种群的黄蜂的面孔，这证实了分辨一组标准面孔是衡量个体面孔学习能力的可比标准。我们发现，不同种群的黄蜂在信号和反应上存在显著差异，而且个体身份信号和接收器反应是相互关联的。与个体身份信号变化较少的种群的黄蜂相比，个体身份信号变化较多的种群的黄蜂能更准确地分辨出标准的同种人脸。总之，我们发现在个体身份信号和反应方面，种内地理变异程度之高令人惊讶。对更多分类群的研究对于评估信号表型和接收器反应是否在地理可变的通讯系统中存在普遍联系非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Helicopter parenting: local-scale environment determines hiding and supervision in neonatal ungulates 直升机养育：局部环境决定了新生蹄类动物的藏匿和监管

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.09.010

Mitchell J. Brunet , Katey S. Huggler , Patrick W. Burke , Kevin L. Monteith

Ungulate species are classified as ‘hiders’ rather than ‘followers’ when neonates tend to remain separated from their mother and hidden within vegetation during the early postpartum period. Among species, hiding is associated with the availability of cover habitat; however, our understanding of these behaviours often has been limited to relatively coarse and infrequent observations. We leveraged modern technologies, including GPS collars affixed to neonates, LiDAR, fine-scaled encounter risk with predators, accelerometers and multiscale temperature readings, to complement these observations in evaluating how predation risk, thermoregulation and nutritional attributes of habitat contribute to hiding behaviour and its consequences for survival in mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus. Hiding decisions by mule deer were nuanced and counter to prevailing notions that suggest hiding is associated with increasing availability of cover. In support of the risk hypothesis, mule deer were most likely to hide in areas where vegetation height was low and encounter risk with predators was high, and behavioural shifts were prominent relative to variation in time of day, with hiding behaviour increasing at night during periods of predator activity. Nutrition and thermoregulatory hypotheses were supported in that hiding was more likely and neonate and mother were in closer proximity in areas with greater resource availability, and neonates adjusted hiding behaviour to minimize thermoregulatory costs. Variation in hiding indicated the importance of activity and interaction with the mother for neonate survival. Broad-scale habitat patterns have proven useful for defining hiding behaviour across species and may play an important role in setting the bounds that define individual variation; however, we encourage considering local conditions as drivers of hiding and following behaviour in ungulates. Together, patterns across multiple scales are more likely to describe the nature of neonate behaviour, relative to considerations at one scale alone.

有蹄类动物被归类为 "藏匿者"，而不是 "跟随者"，因为在产后早期，新生儿往往与母亲分离，藏匿在植被中。然而，我们对这些行为的了解往往仅限于相对粗略和不频繁的观察。我们利用现代技术，包括贴在新生骡鹿身上的 GPS 项圈、激光雷达、与捕食者相遇的微尺度风险、加速度计和多尺度温度读数，来补充这些观察结果，评估捕食风险、体温调节和栖息地的营养属性是如何促进骡鹿的躲藏行为及其对生存的影响的。骡鹿的藏匿决定有细微差别，与认为藏匿与覆盖物可用性增加有关的普遍观点背道而驰。为了支持风险假说，骡鹿最有可能躲藏在植被高度低、遭遇捕食者风险高的地区，而且行为的转变与一天中的时间变化有关，在捕食者活动期间，夜间的躲藏行为会增加。营养和体温调节假说得到了支持，即在资源丰富的地区，藏匿的可能性更大，新生儿和母亲的距离更近，新生儿会调整藏匿行为以尽量减少体温调节成本。躲藏行为的变化表明，活动和与母亲的互动对新生儿的生存非常重要。事实证明，大尺度的栖息地模式有助于界定不同物种的躲藏行为，并可能在确定个体差异的界限方面发挥重要作用；然而，我们鼓励将当地条件视为有蹄类动物躲藏和跟随行为的驱动因素。相对于只考虑一个尺度的因素，跨尺度的模式更有可能描述新生动物行为的本质。

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引用次数: 0

Editors Page 编辑页面

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/S0003-3472(24)00296-3

引用次数: 0

Association Page 协会页面

IF 2.3 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/S0003-3472(24)00297-5

引用次数: 0