Animal Behaviour最新文献

英文中文

Effects of experimentally manipulating group size on cognitive performance in red junglefowl chicks 实验调节群体大小对红丛林鸮雏鸟认知能力的影响

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123340

Susana Garcia Dominguez , Laura Garnham , Alex Thornton , Rachael Shaw , Hanne Løvlie

Determining the drivers of intraspecific variation in cognitive performance is crucial for understanding how cognition evolves, but experimental studies are scarce. Several correlational studies have supported the hypothesis that living in larger groups enhances cognitive performance. However, empirical explanations of whether and how living in large groups causally affects individual cognitive performance remain unclear. Thus, in this study, red junglefowl chicks, Gallus gallus, were raised in artificially created smaller and larger groups of ecologically relevant sizes, before assaying their performance in tests of inhibitory control, discrimination learning and reversal learning. Group size did not affect reversal learning performance However, compared to chicks from larger groups, chicks from smaller groups tended to perform worse in the inhibitory control task, and performed better in the discrimination learning task. Group size also affected resampling in a reversal learning task depending on sex, where females in smaller groups and males in larger groups tended to be faster than males in smaller groups. In addition, stress, locomotor activity, neophobia and boldness were explored as potential covariates of group size, which could affect cognitive performance. Of these covariates, only locomotor activity differed between the two group sizes, where chicks in smaller groups were more active. More active chicks also learnt the discrimination task faster. Thus, locomotor activity could be a mechanism by which group size affects discrimination learning. Taken together, our results indicate that group size can causally affect aspects of cognitive performance, and that these effects may be sex specific. Moreover, our results for locomotor activity suggest that the effects of group size on cognitive performance may not be specifically related to differences in cognitive demand between group sizes. However, further studies are needed to disentangle how social dynamics influence individual differences in cognitive performance, and thus, cognitive evolution.

确定认知表现的种内变异的驱动因素对于理解认知如何进化至关重要，但实验研究很少。一些相关研究支持这样的假设，即生活在更大的群体中可以提高认知能力。然而，大群体生活是否以及如何影响个人认知表现的实证解释仍不清楚。因此，在本研究中，红丛林鸮雏鸡（Gallus Gallus）被人工饲养在生态相关大小的较小和较大的群体中，然后在抑制控制、辨别学习和逆转学习测试中分析它们的表现。但与大组相比，小组在抑制控制任务中表现较差，在辨别学习任务中表现较好。在逆向学习任务中，群体大小也会影响性别的重新抽样，小组较小的女性和小组较大的男性往往比小组较小的男性更快。此外，我们还探讨了压力、运动活动、新事物恐惧症和大胆度作为群体规模的潜在协变量，这些协变量可能影响认知表现。在这些协变量中，只有运动活动在两组大小之间有所不同，其中小组的小鸡更活跃。更活跃的小鸡也能更快地学会辨别任务。因此，运动活动可能是群体规模影响辨别学习的一种机制。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，群体规模会对认知表现的各个方面产生因果影响，而且这些影响可能是性别特有的。此外，我们的运动活动结果表明，群体大小对认知表现的影响可能与群体大小之间认知需求的差异没有特别的关系。然而，需要进一步的研究来解开社会动态如何影响认知表现的个体差异，从而影响认知进化。

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引用次数: 0

Clearly membered societies among the nonprimate vertebrate animals 在非灵长类脊椎动物中有明显的成员社会

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123412

Mark W. Moffett

引用次数: 0

Silk of females performing maternal care elicits reduced courtship responses in male spiders 雌性蜘蛛的蛛丝对雄性蜘蛛的求爱反应降低

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123379

Michelle Beyer , Cristina Tuni

Chemical communication plays an important role during many mating interactions. Female chemical signalling for mate attraction is expected to vary based on the females’ state in order to maximize fitness, to attract males when females are fertile adults and to avoid superfluous matings; for example, during maternal care. We tested if females of the spider Pisaura mirabilis vary in their silk-bound signalling during developmental, reproductive and maternal care states by observing male courtship responses upon contact with their silk lines. We expected females to signal, and males to increase their courtship efforts, when adults (as opposed to juveniles or subadults) and when free from tending their eggs. Males were indeed more likely to court silk of sexually receptive adult females and less likely to court silk of egg-carrying females. This may suggest variation in female signalling, pointing to costs of continued mate attraction during maternal care. Egg fertilization appears to be an important factor linking maternal care to signalling, as males courted silk of egg-caring mated females less than that from unmated females with unfertilized eggsacs. Insemination alone, on the other hand, is not relevant, as we found no differences between courtship of silk of unmated and mated females, probably due to the nutritional benefits of male nuptial gifts and the indirect benefits of polyandry to females. In such a system, selection is likely to favour male discriminatory abilities to reduce reproductive costs associated with nuptial gifts.

化学通讯在许多交配互动中起着重要作用。雌性吸引配偶的化学信号预计会根据雌性的状态而变化，以最大限度地提高适应性，在雌性成年时吸引雄性，并避免不必要的交配；例如，在产妇护理期间。我们通过观察雄性蜘蛛与丝线接触后的求偶反应，测试了雌性蜘蛛在发育、繁殖和母性护理状态下的丝线信号是否会发生变化。我们预计雌性会发出信号，雄性会增加求爱的努力，当成年时（与幼年或亚成年相反），当不用照顾它们的蛋时。雄性确实更倾向于追求有性接受能力的成年雌性的蛛丝，而不太可能追求携带卵子的雌性的蛛丝。这可能暗示了雌性信号的变化，指出了在母性照顾期间持续吸引配偶的成本。卵子受精似乎是将母性照顾与信号联系起来的一个重要因素，因为雄性向照顾卵子的雌性求偶的蛛丝比向未受精的雌性求偶的蛛丝要少。另一方面，单独的人工授精并不相关，因为我们发现未交配的雌性和交配的雌性对丝的求偶没有差异，这可能是由于雄性结婚礼物的营养价值和一妻多夫制对雌性的间接好处。在这种制度下，选择很可能倾向于男性的歧视性能力，以减少与结婚礼物有关的生殖成本。

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引用次数: 0

Association Page 协会页面

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0003-3472(25)00379-3

引用次数: 0

Guidelines for the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals in behavioural research and teaching 行为研究和教学中非人类动物的伦理处理准则

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123421

ASAB Ethical Committee/ABS Animal Care Committee

引用次数: 0

ASAB Education Committee Infographic Competition Winners 2025 ASAB教育委员会信息图表竞赛获奖者2025

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123418

引用次数: 0

Sex-specific nutritional requirements of mating in insects with contrasting mating systems 不同交配制度下昆虫交配时的性别特异性营养需求

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123423

C. Ruth Archer , Matthew R. Carey , Charles E. Grant , Clarissa House , Amy Molotoks , Enrique del Castillo , Zeya Wagner , John Hunt

Fitness of most animals is affected by the amount and ratio of nutrients they consume. Therefore, maximizing fitness relies on consumers fine-tuning their intake towards a specific nutritional target. However, mating might alter this target because the nutrient ratio that maximizes reproductive investment often differs from ratios that elevate the expression of other fitness traits, e.g. survival and immunity. Therefore, consumers may be under selection to shift their intake towards nutrient ratios that promote reproductive success only when the likelihood of mating is high or after mating activity. Here, we tested how mating affects total macronutrient intake and the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio consumed by males and females given a dietary choice. Three insect species, namely Australian field crickets, Teleogryllus commodus, decorated crickets, Gryllodes sigillatus, and cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea, were studied. Males in these species differ in the traits they use to attract females and in postcopulatory sexual selection, while females differ in the timing and magnitude of offspring investment. Despite these differences, mating triggered increased macronutrient intake in females across all species, while male intake remained unchanged. This elevated consumption indicates that mating increases the energetic demands of females more than males. Neither sex altered the nutrient ratio consumed after mating, despite nutrient ratios mediating trade-offs between aspects of reproduction, e.g. sexual display versus sperm production, and other life-history traits, e.g. survival, in these species. We speculate that this is because selection skews nutrient regulation strategies towards ratios that promote reproductive success, and mating does not trigger deviation from these relatively fixed courses. In addition, the magnitude and direction of sex differences in protein and carbohydrate intake as well as how tightly each sex regulates their macronutrient intake, differed between species. We discuss what this suggests about species-specific physiology and the costs of reproduction.

大多数动物的健康受到它们所消耗的营养物质的数量和比例的影响。因此，健身最大化依赖于消费者微调他们的摄入量，以达到特定的营养目标。然而，交配可能会改变这一目标，因为使生殖投资最大化的营养比例往往不同于提高其他适应性特征表达的比例，例如生存和免疫力。因此，只有在交配的可能性很高或交配活动结束后，消费者才会选择将其摄入的营养比例转向促进繁殖成功的营养比例。在这里，我们测试了交配如何影响雄性和雌性在给定饮食选择的情况下摄入的总常量营养素和蛋白质与碳水化合物的比例。对澳洲蟋蟀（Teleogryllus commodus）、花蟋蟀（Gryllodes sigillatus）和蟑螂（Nauphoeta cinerea） 3种昆虫进行了研究。这些物种的雄性在吸引雌性的特征和交配后的性选择上存在差异，而雌性在后代投资的时间和规模上存在差异。尽管存在这些差异，但在所有物种中，交配会增加雌性的宏量营养素摄入量，而雄性的摄入量保持不变。这种消耗的增加表明交配增加了雌性比雄性更多的能量需求。两性都没有改变交配后消耗的营养比例，尽管在这些物种中，营养比例调节着生殖方面（如性展示与精子产生）和其他生活史特征（如生存）之间的权衡。我们推测，这是因为自然选择使营养调节策略偏向于促进繁殖成功的比例，而交配不会引发偏离这些相对固定的过程。此外，在蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入方面的性别差异的幅度和方向，以及每个性别调节其宏量营养素摄入的紧密程度，在物种之间也存在差异。我们将讨论这对物种特异性生理和繁殖成本的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic fungal infection accelerates age polyethism in ants without altering immune response 慢性真菌感染在不改变免疫反应的情况下加速了蚂蚁的衰老

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123426

Michał Kochanowski , Anna Dubiec , Aleksander Juszczak , Igor Siedlecki , Piotr Ślipiński , Marta Wrzosek , Enikő Csata , Magdalena Witek

Foraging is a critical activity for many animals, where individuals face many environmental pressures. Among these, parasite infection is one of the most negative threats, especially in social insects, where parasites can be shared among nestmates inside the nest and can affect colony functioning by altering the division of labour within a colony. In the ant Myrmica scabrinodis, the ectoparasite fungus Rickia wasmannii infects the majority of workers in the colony and is linked to reduced lifespan, enhanced immune responses and altered behaviour. Given that task allocation in M. scabrinodis is age dependent, we tested whether R. wasmannii infection accelerates the transition to foraging due to the ants’ shortened life expectancy. Our results confirmed that colonies with high infection intensity exhibited an earlier onset of foraging behaviour. Additionally, immune response, measured through phenoloxidase activity, was more strongly influenced by worker age than task switching or infection status, with older workers exhibiting higher immune activity. This suggests that while infection accelerates task switching, it does not directly impact immune function. Our findings highlight how chronic fungal infection can disrupt the division of labour in social insect colonies.

觅食是许多动物的重要活动，个体面临许多环境压力。其中，寄生虫感染是最负面的威胁之一，特别是在群居昆虫中，寄生虫可以在巢内的同伴之间共享，并可以通过改变群体内的劳动分工来影响群体的功能。在金蚁（Myrmica scabrinodis）中，外寄生真菌Rickia wasmannii感染了蚁群中的大多数工蚁，并与寿命缩短、免疫反应增强和行为改变有关。考虑到疥螨的任务分配依赖于年龄，我们测试了感染瓦氏曼氏螨是否会由于蚂蚁预期寿命缩短而加速向觅食的过渡。我们的研究结果证实，高感染强度的菌落表现出更早的觅食行为。此外，通过酚氧化酶活性测量的免疫反应受工人年龄的影响比对任务转换或感染状况的影响更大，年龄较大的工人表现出更高的免疫活性。这表明，虽然感染加速了任务转换，但它并不直接影响免疫功能。我们的发现强调了慢性真菌感染如何破坏群居昆虫群体的劳动分工。

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引用次数: 0

Fighting and flirting: the vocal repertoire of the greater mouse-eared bat in mating roosts and its seasonal variation 战斗和调情：大鼠耳蝙蝠在交配栖息地的声音曲目及其季节变化

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123440

Lisa Printz , Ahana A. Fernandez , Martina Nagy , Mirjam Knörnschild

Vocalizations are crucial for communication in many taxa, including bats, where they serve both echolocation and social functions. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the vocal repertoire of the greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis, in mating roosts, focusing on male courtship vocalizations and their potential role in individual recognition and mate choice. We found a broad vocal repertoire with 14 distinct vocalization types. Further, male M. myotis produce complex trill vocalizations that encode individual signatures. These vocalizations are likely important for both male competition and female mate choice. Our observations showed distinct seasonal patterns in the production of different vocalization types, marked by peaks in aggressive vocalizations and trills, reflecting the phenology of territorial and courtship behaviours. Through bioacoustic monitoring within mating roosts over several months, we identified vocalizations as valuable indicators for assessing bat social dynamics and territory establishment and for identifying mating roosts. Overall, our results enhance the understanding of the social system of this common European bat species and provide new insights into the behavioural significance of vocalizations in M. myotis. These insights have potential applications in conservation and population monitoring efforts by providing a new approach for identifying mating roosts and determining critical periods during the season, allowing renovation activities to be carefully planned in alignment with the protection needs of mating roosts. Our results can contribute to effective wildlife management, ensuring both efficiency and minimal disturbance for bats.

发声对包括蝙蝠在内的许多分类群的交流至关重要，它们既具有回声定位功能，也具有社会功能。本研究深入分析了大鼠耳蝠Myotis Myotis在交配栖息地的发声方式，重点研究了雄性求偶发声及其在个体识别和配偶选择中的潜在作用。我们发现了广泛的声乐曲目，有14种不同的发声类型。此外，雄性肌支原体产生复杂的颤音发声，编码个体特征。这些声音可能对雄性竞争和雌性择偶都很重要。我们的观察结果显示，不同发声类型的产生具有明显的季节性模式，其特征是攻击性发声和颤音的高峰，反映了领土和求偶行为的物候特征。通过对交配栖息地几个月的生物声学监测，我们确定了发声是评估蝙蝠社会动态和领土建立以及识别交配栖息地的有价值的指标。总的来说，我们的研究结果增强了对这种常见的欧洲蝙蝠物种的社会系统的理解，并为肌支支原体发声的行为意义提供了新的见解。通过提供一种新的方法来确定交配栖息地和确定季节中的关键时期，这些见解在保护和种群监测工作中具有潜在的应用价值，允许根据交配栖息地的保护需求仔细规划翻新活动。我们的研究结果有助于有效的野生动物管理，确保效率和最小的干扰蝙蝠。

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引用次数: 0

Honestly exaggerated: howler monkey roars are reliable signals of body size and behaviourally relevant to listeners 老实说，夸张了：吼猴的叫声是身体大小的可靠信号，与听众的行为有关

IF 2.1 2区生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Animal Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123424

Jacob C. Dunn , Eloise Pedersen , Holly Farmer , Phillipa Dobbs , W. Tecumseh Fitch , David Reby , Benjamin Charlton

Acoustic signals are key components of animal social behaviour, potentially conveying fitness-relevant information about signallers. Howler monkeys produce extremely loud, low-frequency roars, which exaggerate the acoustic impression of body size relative to other species. However, whether howler monkey roars contain reliable information about body size within species, and whether conspecific listeners use this information and adjust their responses accordingly, remain unclear. In this study, whether the roars of black-and-gold howler monkeys, Alouatta caraya, serve as honest signals of body size was first examined by analysing the relationship between formant spacing and body mass in 11 adult males. The results revealed a strong negative correlation: larger males produced roars with lower formant spacing. Subsequently, the behavioural relevance of the variation in formant spacing was tested using playback experiments. These were conducted with 23 conspecific listeners, simulating the roars of unknown males with small, average and large body sizes. Listeners showed significantly different responses to calls of different body sizes. When presented with calls simulating larger males, they were more likely to approach and spent longer orientated towards the playback speaker. The effect of simulated body size on the likelihood of listeners vocalizing in response was not significant, although males spent more time vocalizing in response to playbacks than females. These findings indicate that formant spacing in howler monkey roars serves as an honest indicator of body size and plays a critical role in mediating social interactions. Our study highlights the adaptive importance of acoustic cues to body size, which can provide receivers with accurate information that can be used to assess rivals or choose mates.

声音信号是动物社会行为的关键组成部分，潜在地传递有关信号者的健康相关信息。吼猴发出非常响亮、低频的吼声，与其他物种相比，这放大了它们对身体大小的听觉印象。然而，嗥叫猴的叫声是否包含物种体型的可靠信息，以及同类的听者是否使用这些信息并相应地调整他们的反应，目前还不清楚。在这项研究中，黑金吼猴（Alouatta caraya）的吼声是否可以作为身体大小的真实信号，首先通过分析11只成年雄性的形成峰间距和体重之间的关系来检验。结果显示了强烈的负相关：较大的雄性发出的吼声与较低的形成峰间隔。随后，使用回放实验测试了形成峰间隔变化的行为相关性。这些实验是由23个相同的听众进行的，模拟了体型小、中等和大的未知雄性的吼声。听者对不同体型的叫声的反应明显不同。当听到模仿体型较大的雄性的叫声时，它们更有可能接近扬声器，并花更长时间盯着扬声器。模拟的体型对听者发声回应的可能性的影响并不显著，尽管男性比女性花更多的时间来回应回放。这些发现表明，咆哮猴吼声中的形成峰间隔是身体大小的可靠指标，在调节社会互动中起着关键作用。我们的研究强调了声音线索对身体大小的适应性重要性，它可以为接受者提供准确的信息，用于评估对手或选择配偶。

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