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IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Honeybee workers reared in standard-cell combs have larger hypopharyngeal glands 在标准蜂巢中饲养的工蜂有较大的下咽腺

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101733

P. Dziechciarz , A. Gregorc , A. Strachecka , G. Borsuk , K. Olszewski

The functionally and morphologically variable hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) of honey bee Apis mellifera workers play critical roles in the individual bee physiology and honey bee colony biology. Previous studies have primarily focused on the age polyethism of honeybees involved in undertaking colony activities, including foraging or guarding, as life expectancy decreases. However, the development of the role of these glands in the life of a bee, and thus the division of labour in the colony, is also conditioned by environmental factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the comb cell size (small-cell or standard-cell comb) in which worker bees were reared on HG acini count and size (width, length and area) of worker bees on 1-, 7-, 14- and 21 days of their life. The acini of workers reared in small-cell combs (4.96–4.97 mm) (SM-bees) had significantly smaller width and length and, therefore, acini area, than workers reared in standard-cell combs (5.54–5.56 mm) (ST-bees). Bees reared in standard-cell combs had, on average, higher acini number in the HGs 500 µm collecting duct distance. The results presented in the current work thus suggest the occurrence of anatomical and morphological differences caused by the type of comb. The higher number of ST-bee acini and the higher width, length and area of HG acini found during workers’ development compared to SM-bees suggests that workers reared in standard-cell combs are predisposed to perform various tasks in the nest, mainly as nurse bees or as nectar converters. In contrast, workers reared in small-cell combs seem better suited for working outside the nest, taking on the role of foragers. It seems that the presence of morphological polyethism induced by rearing conditions during larval and pupal development results in sub-cast specialisation and individual bee functionality. Verification of the above hypotheses may determine new research directions on explaining the mechanisms of functioning of the complex socio-physiological system created by the honeybee colony – the superorganism.

工蜂下咽腺在个体生理和蜂群生物学中起着至关重要的作用。以前的研究主要集中在蜜蜂的年龄多元化参与进行群体活动，包括觅食或守卫，随着预期寿命的减少。然而，这些腺体在蜜蜂生命中的作用的发展，以及群体中的劳动分工，也受到环境因素的制约。本研究的目的是研究蜂房蜂窝大小（小蜂窝或标准蜂窝）对工蜂1、7、14和21天的影响，蜂房蜂窝的数量和大小（宽度、长度和面积）对工蜂的影响。在小蜂窝（4.96-4.97 mm）中饲养的工蜂（SM-bees）的腺泡宽度和长度明显小于在标准蜂窝（5.54-5.56 mm）中饲养的工蜂（ST-bees）。在标准蜂窝中饲养的蜜蜂，平均而言，在HGs 500µm收集管距离内，腺泡细胞数量较高。因此，当前工作中提出的结果表明，梳子类型引起的解剖和形态差异的发生。与标准蜂巢相比，工蜂发育过程中发现的st -蜜蜂腺泡的数量和HG腺泡的宽度、长度和面积都更高，这表明在标准蜂巢中饲养的工蜂更倾向于在巢中执行各种任务，主要是作为看护蜜蜂或花蜜转换器。相比之下，在小蜂巢里长大的工蚁似乎更适合在巢外工作，扮演觅食者的角色。在幼虫和蛹发育过程中，由饲养条件引起的形态多元性的存在导致了亚铸型专业化和个体蜜蜂的功能。上述假设的验证可能为解释蜜蜂群体这一超级有机体所创造的复杂社会生理系统的功能机制确定新的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Genomic prediction accuracy for five economically important traits in cashmere goats across single-nucleotide polymorphism densities and methods 跨单核苷酸多态性密度和方法对绒山羊5个重要经济性状的基因组预测准确性

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101747

Y. Zhang , M. Zhang , L. Zhang , H. Yuan , X. Wang , Y. Rong , Y. Qi , J. Li , Y. Hu , F. Shang , Z. Wang , R. Su , R. Wang

The production and quality improvement of cashmere from Inner Mongolia’s cashmere goats face numerous challenges, including high costs associated with measuring cashmere diameter and the low accuracy of cashmere yield measurements. Genetic improvement of the breed relies on traditional breeding methods, resulting in low selection accuracy and slow genetic progress. The high cost of typing using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip constrains the large-scale application of genomic selection techniques. This study employed seven randomly selected SNP densities-5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 K–and four genomic prediction methods-Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP), Single-step Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (ssGBLUP), BayesA, and BayesB–to evaluate the prediction accuracy of five economically important traits in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats using five-fold cross-validation: cashmere diameter, cashmere yield, cashmere thickness, fleece length, and BW. The optimal “trait-SNP density-prediction method” combination was defined as the pairing that achieves the highest prediction accuracy for each trait, with prediction accuracy being the primary criterion for optimality. Research has found that the relationship between SNP density and prediction accuracy is not a simple linear one. For cashmere diameter and BW, the best prediction accuracy using the BayesB method was achieved at a SNP density of 60 K, with values of 0.7210 and 0.5302, respectively. The accuracy of predicting cashmere yield, fleece length, and cashmere thickness was highest when using the BayesA method at SNP densities of 50, 30, and 10 K, respectively, yielding accuracies of 0.4243, 0.4071, and 0.4661. For each of these traits, the accuracy of GBLUP and ssGBLUP remained relatively stable across increasing SNP densities; however, their predictive performance was significantly lower than that of the Bayesian method. Importantly, low-density chips combined with appropriate Bayesian methods can achieve prediction accuracy comparable to that of high-density chips, offering a cost-effective strategy for genomic selection in cashmere goat breeding programmes. Although Bayesian methods require longer computation time, this is manageable under current sample sizes and does not impede practical implementation.

内蒙古绒山羊羊绒的生产和质量改进面临着许多挑战，包括测量羊绒直径的高成本和羊绒产量测量的低准确性。品种的遗传改良依赖于传统的育种方法，导致选择精度低，遗传进展缓慢。高密度单核苷酸多态性（SNP）芯片分型的高成本限制了基因组选择技术的大规模应用。本研究采用随机选择的5、10、20、30、40、50和60 k的SNP密度，以及基因组最佳线性无偏预测（GBLUP）、单步基因组最佳线性无偏预测（ssGBLUP）、BayesA和bayesb 4种基因组预测方法，对内蒙古绒山羊5个重要经济性状的预测精度进行了5倍交叉验证：羊绒直径、羊绒产量、羊绒厚度、羊毛长度和体重。最优“性状- snp密度-预测方法”组合定义为各性状预测精度最高的配对，预测精度是最优性的首要标准。研究发现，SNP密度与预测精度之间并不是简单的线性关系。在SNP密度为60 K时，BayesB方法预测羊绒直径和体重的精度最高，分别为0.7210和0.5302。在SNP密度分别为50、30和10 K时，BayesA方法预测羊绒产量、羊毛长度和羊绒厚度的准确度最高，分别为0.4243、0.4071和0.4661。对于这些性状，随着SNP密度的增加，GBLUP和ssGBLUP的准确性保持相对稳定；然而，它们的预测性能明显低于贝叶斯方法。重要的是，低密度芯片结合适当的贝叶斯方法可以达到与高密度芯片相当的预测精度，为绒山羊育种计划中的基因组选择提供了一种经济有效的策略。虽然贝叶斯方法需要更长的计算时间，但在当前的样本量下，这是可以管理的，并且不会妨碍实际实现。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide association study on carcass traits in an indigenous yellow-feathered meat-type chicken population 地方黄羽肉鸡种群胴体性状的全基因组关联研究

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101751

Z. Pan, H. Geng, D. Li, X. Cheng, Y. Liu

Carcass traits are among the most critical production characteristics in broiler chickens. Therefore, the precise identification of genetic variants and candidate genes affecting these traits is highly valuable for enhancing breeding efficiency and overall productivity in poultry. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to analyse seven carcass traits in 1 498 cocks from a Chinese indigenous yellow-feathered meat chicken population, which had been subjected to three generations of selective breeding for improved BW and feed conversion ratio. The assessing traits included breast muscle weight (BMW), BWs at 42 and 56 days (BW42, BW56), carcass weight (CW), eviscerated weight (EW), eviscerated weight with giblets (EWG), and leg weight (LW). Six significant single−nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were identified by using the “Jingxin No. 1″ 55 K SNP microarray and bioinformatic analysis. These SNPs were annotated to six candidate genes on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, and Z, including SPHKAP, ALCAM, CMTM7, ADAT2, LIMCH1 and AP3B1, with the variant in the SPHKAP gene harboured a frameshift deletion in the coding region. Our study identified novel variants related to chicken carcass traits, which provide a new insight into the genetic mechanism of chicken carcass traits. These trait-associated genetic variants could facilitate the selection of more efficient broilers.

胴体性状是肉鸡最关键的生产性状之一。因此，精确鉴定影响这些性状的遗传变异和候选基因对提高家禽的育种效率和整体生产力具有重要价值。本研究采用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）对中国黄羽肉鸡1 498只公鸡的7个胴体性状进行了分析，这些公鸡经过3代选择性育种以提高体重和饲料系数。评价指标包括胸肌重（BMW）、42和56日龄体重（BW42、BW56）、胴体重（CW）、全膛重（EW）、全膛重（EWG）和腿重（LW）。利用“京新1号″55k SNP微阵列和生物信息学分析，鉴定出6个显著的单核苷酸多态性位点。这些snp被注释到1、2、3、4、9和Z染色体上的6个候选基因上，包括SPHKAP、ALCAM、CMTM7、ADAT2、LIMCH1和AP3B1， SPHKAP基因的变异在编码区有一个移码缺失。本研究发现了与鸡胴体性状相关的新变异，为研究鸡胴体性状的遗传机制提供了新的思路。这些性状相关的遗传变异有助于选择更高效的肉鸡。

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引用次数: 0

High canola meal in sow diets: effects on reproduction, piglet growth, milk composition, serum metabolites, and nutrient digestibility over two reproductive cycles 母猪日粮中添加高油菜籽粕：对两个繁殖周期内繁殖、仔猪生长、乳成分、血清代谢物和营养物质消化率的影响

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101752

X. Zhang , A. Rogiewicz , E.G. Kiarie , C. Yang , C.M. Nyachoti

Feed costs and global demand for soybean meal are increasing, reducing profitability in pig industry. Canola meal is the second most used protein source in swine diets, but evidence on its long-term effects across successive sow parities is limited. This study investigated the effects of canola meal inclusion as the main protein source in sow diets on sow and litter performance over two reproductive cycles. Sixty-eight sows from two batches were randomly allotted one of two diets on d 80 of pregnancy. The control diet (CON) consisted of corn, barley and soybean meal, and the treatment diet (CSCM) consisted of corn, barley and canola meal, included at 14.50% for gestating and 24.50% for lactating sows. The BW and backfat thickness of sows were measured on d 1, d 35, d 80, and d 111 of pregnancy, and on d 1 and d 21 post-farrowing. On d 1 and d 19 post-farrowing, piglets were weighed and milk and blood samples from sows were collected to determine milk composition and serum metabolites. Fecal samples from sows were collected on d 110 of gestation and d 19 of lactation to determine apparent total digestibility (ATTD) determination. Data were analyzed using a randomized complete block design with repeated measures. Results showed that sow BW and backfat thickness were unaffected by diet. Sows fed the CSCM diet exhibited lower (P < 0.05) BW gain than CON sows during late gestation in the first cycle but not in the second cycle. Litter performance, including weight and size, was unaffected by dietary treatment, though litter weight at birth was higher (P < 0.05) in the second cycle than in the first cycle. The composition of colostrum and milk was generally unaffected by diet or cycle, except for colostrum fat, which showed a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between diet and cycle. Serum metabolites revealed tendencies (P < 0.10) for increased creatinine and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) with the CSCM diet, while reproductive cycle effects were observed for GGT, cholesterol, calcium, protein, and albumin levels. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was not significantly influenced by diet or reproductive cycle, though the CSCM diet tended to reduce (P = 0.06) the ATTD of CP. In conclusion, sow diets containing 14.50% canola meal during gestation and 24.50% during lactation maintained similar sow reproductive and litter performance comparable with soybean meal-based diets across two reproductive cycles.

饲料成本和全球对豆粕的需求正在增加，降低了养猪业的盈利能力。菜籽粕是猪日粮中第二大蛋白质来源，但其对连续母猪胎次的长期影响的证据有限。本试验研究了在母猪日粮中添加油菜籽粕作为主要蛋白质源对两个繁殖周期母猪和产仔生产性能的影响。试验选取两批68头母猪，在妊娠第80天随机分配两种饲粮中的一种。对照饲粮（CON）由玉米、大麦和豆粕组成，处理饲粮（CSCM）由玉米、大麦和菜籽粕组成，其中妊娠母猪占14.50%，泌乳母猪占24.50%。分别于妊娠第1、35、80、111天和分娩后第1、21天测定母猪体重和背膘厚度。在分娩后第1天和第19天对仔猪进行称重，采集母猪的奶和血样本，测定乳汁成分和血清代谢物。分别于妊娠第110天和哺乳第19天采集母猪粪便样品，测定表观总消化率（ATTD）。数据分析采用重复测量的随机完全区组设计。结果表明，母猪体重和背膘厚度不受饲粮影响。饲喂CSCM日粮的母猪(P

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