Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.16
P. Gómez-Serranillos
The pharmacological interest of lichens lies in their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, being most of them phenolic compounds with reactive hydroxyl groups which confer antioxidant potential through multiple mechanisms. The increasing incidence and impact of oxidative stress-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, has promoted the search of new pharmacological strategies for control purposes. The information compiled in this review comes from in vitro research, on cell substrates and animal models, which allows us to affirm that lichens constitute, in the field of natural products, a promising source of compounds, many of them phenolic, with antioxidant activity. Keywords: lichens; pharmacology; antioxidant; secondary metabolites
{"title":"Antioxidant activity of lichen species","authors":"P. Gómez-Serranillos","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.16","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmacological interest of lichens lies in their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, being most of them phenolic compounds with reactive hydroxyl groups which confer antioxidant potential through multiple mechanisms. The increasing incidence and impact of oxidative stress-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, has promoted the search of new pharmacological strategies for control purposes. The information compiled in this review comes from in vitro research, on cell substrates and animal models, which allows us to affirm that lichens constitute, in the field of natural products, a promising source of compounds, many of them phenolic, with antioxidant activity.\u0000\u0000Keywords: lichens; pharmacology; antioxidant; secondary metabolites","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.04
Agustín García Asuero
This annotation addresses the concepts of nanometrology and nanoanalytics, highlighting the importance of measurements and their metrological traceability at the nanoscale. The interdisciplinary nature of both analytical chemistry and nanotechnology is emphasized. This requires joining the efforts of different fields, e.g. chemistry, medicine, pharmacy, biology, materials science engineering, to face with guarantee the challenges that arise on different fronts. Some notes about nanomaterials and nanoparticles of interest in the bioanalytical and pharmaceutical context are commented. When it comes to therapeutic agents, nanomedicines help overcome the solubility, permeability, bioavailability, and toxicity limitations of conventional approaches, opening the door to precision therapies and personalized medicine. Being one of the objectives of analytical chemistry to carry out analysis at the nanometric scale, it also plays a role as an actor do your bit in the collective concert whose mission is to safeguard human health. Keywords: nanometrology; nanoanalytics; nanomedicine
{"title":"Nanometrology and nanoanalytics: annotation in the bioanalytical and nano(biomedical)pharmaceutical context","authors":"Agustín García Asuero","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"This annotation addresses the concepts of nanometrology and nanoanalytics, highlighting the importance of measurements and their metrological traceability at the nanoscale. The interdisciplinary nature of both analytical chemistry and nanotechnology is emphasized. This requires joining the efforts of different fields, e.g. chemistry, medicine, pharmacy, biology, materials science engineering, to face with guarantee the challenges that arise on different fronts. Some notes about nanomaterials and nanoparticles of interest in the bioanalytical and pharmaceutical context are commented. When it comes to therapeutic agents, nanomedicines help overcome the solubility, permeability, bioavailability, and toxicity limitations of conventional approaches, opening the door to precision therapies and personalized medicine. Being one of the objectives of analytical chemistry to carry out analysis at the nanometric scale, it also plays a role as an actor do your bit in the collective concert whose mission is to safeguard human health.\u0000\u0000Keywords: nanometrology; nanoanalytics; nanomedicine","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42545449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.06
Maeve Soto-Pérez, J. A. Requena-Ibáñez, J. Badimón
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipemia are major cardiovascular risk factors, thus modulating genesis, progression, and severity of atherosclerosis. Coexistence of those risk factors further increase the cardiovascular risk of the patients. Most recently published guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention recommend a strict and fast LDL cholesterol control. Nowadays, an increasing number of drugs are available for achieving the rigorous objective in a safe and effective way. These include multiple drugs from statins to monoclonal antibodies (as PCSK9 inhibitors) and also, the recently developed bempedoic acid and inclisiran. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol have been a controversial topic in cardiology, eventually been related with ischemic events. In a society with an increasing life expectancy, the control of hypertension is mandatory as it has been independently related with an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents, cognitive impairment, and the development of dementia. Diabetes mellitus is directly related with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The use of GLP-1 agonists have decreased the risk of stroke and the new SGLT2 inhibitors transformed the heart failure treatment in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. An effective and fast control of these risk factors is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases and decrease the socioeconomic impact of them in our society. Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; risk factors; lipids; hypertension; Diabetes mellitus
{"title":"Global approach to high-risk cardiovascular patients","authors":"Maeve Soto-Pérez, J. A. Requena-Ibáñez, J. Badimón","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.06","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipemia are major cardiovascular risk factors, thus modulating genesis, progression, and severity of atherosclerosis. Coexistence of those risk factors further increase the cardiovascular risk of the patients.\u0000Most recently published guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention recommend a strict and fast LDL cholesterol control. Nowadays, an increasing number of drugs are available for achieving the rigorous objective in a safe and effective way.\u0000These include multiple drugs from statins to monoclonal antibodies (as PCSK9 inhibitors) and also, the recently developed bempedoic acid and inclisiran.\u0000Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol have been a controversial topic in cardiology, eventually been related with ischemic events.\u0000In a society with an increasing life expectancy, the control of hypertension is mandatory as it has been independently related with an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents, cognitive impairment, and the development of dementia.\u0000Diabetes mellitus is directly related with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The use of GLP-1 agonists have decreased the risk of stroke and the new SGLT2 inhibitors transformed the heart failure treatment in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.\u0000An effective and fast control of these risk factors is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases and decrease the socioeconomic impact of them in our society.\u0000Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; risk factors; lipids; hypertension; Diabetes mellitus","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41776126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.21
M. Cámara Hurtado, Mª Victoria Castillo Ruiz-Cabello, Elena Cebadera Miranda
Its fundamental feature usually describes globalization, which is the progressive integration of economies and societies. During the third wave of the globalization phenomenon (starting in 1945), the world food system underwent a deep transformation that led to two parallel processes: the homogenization of food (the globalization of diet), and the entry into the era of food risk. The Spanish agri-food sector has undergone an enormous evolution during the 20th century. Its true internationalization started with the accession of Spain to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986, which lead to the liberalization of markets and the expansion of exports. At the 21st century, different international movements and trends have influenced the way consumers appreciate food, promoting the development of a new attitude towards food, moving their interest towards health, the environment, animal well-being, the proximity of production, as well as new forms of consumption. The global agri-food system must evolve towards a more sustainable model. We need to work on the reduction of the negative impacts of food production, and to allow the population the access to healthier and more nutritious food, produced in sufficient quantity to feed the entire population with less social and environmental impact. Keywords: globalization; agri-food systems; food safety; sustainability
{"title":"The spanish agri-food sector in a globalised world","authors":"M. Cámara Hurtado, Mª Victoria Castillo Ruiz-Cabello, Elena Cebadera Miranda","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.21","url":null,"abstract":"Its fundamental feature usually describes globalization, which is the progressive integration of economies and societies. During the third wave of the globalization phenomenon (starting in 1945), the world food system underwent a deep transformation that led to two parallel processes: the homogenization of food (the globalization of diet), and the entry into the era of food risk. The Spanish agri-food sector has undergone an enormous evolution during the 20th century. Its true internationalization started with the accession of Spain to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986, which lead to the liberalization of markets and the expansion of exports. At the 21st century, different international movements and trends have influenced the way consumers appreciate food, promoting the development of a new attitude towards food, moving their interest towards health, the environment, animal well-being, the proximity of production, as well as new forms of consumption. The global agri-food system must evolve towards a more sustainable model. We need to work on the reduction of the negative impacts of food production, and to allow the population the access to healthier and more nutritious food, produced in sufficient quantity to feed the entire population with less social and environmental impact.\u0000\u0000Keywords: globalization; agri-food systems; food safety; sustainability","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.04
Montserrat Colilla Nieto
Nowadays, antibiotics remain the cornerstone in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, in recent decades, bacteria have developed defense mechanisms that make them highly resistant to the existing antibiotics, leaving us vulnerable to infection. The World Health Organization warns that bacterial resistance constitutes a serious threat to humanity at global level and that there is an urgent need of developing new antibacterial agents. Nanotechnology has entered into this scenario by providing novel tools for the treatment of numerous pathologies, highlighting cancer. Nanomedicine brings up the opportunity to address different diseases using drug nanocarriers that can be specifically directed to the therapeutic target, increasing the efficacy of the treatment and reducing the side effects. This entrance speech focuses on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, whose unique properties and enormous versatility allow the design of multiple nanosystems to treat bacterial infections. Its ability to specifically target bacteria and/or biofilm, release different drugs in a controlled manner and/or in a smart fashion, i.e. in response to certain stimuli, and incorporate therapeutic cations for combined therapies, envision the development of advanced nanoformulations that could revolutionize the fight against bacterial infection. Keywords: Nanomedicine; bacterial infection; targeted therapy; combined therapy; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; controlled drug delivery; antibiotics; metal ions
{"title":"Advanced nanoformulations against bacterial infection","authors":"Montserrat Colilla Nieto","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, antibiotics remain the cornerstone in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, in recent decades, bacteria have developed defense mechanisms that make them highly resistant to the existing antibiotics, leaving us vulnerable to infection. The World Health Organization warns that bacterial resistance constitutes a serious threat to humanity at global level and that there is an urgent need of developing new antibacterial agents. Nanotechnology has entered into this scenario by providing novel tools for the treatment of numerous pathologies, highlighting cancer. Nanomedicine brings up the opportunity to address different diseases using drug nanocarriers that can be specifically directed to the therapeutic target, increasing the efficacy of the treatment and reducing the side effects. This entrance speech focuses on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, whose unique properties and enormous versatility allow the design of multiple nanosystems to treat bacterial infections. Its ability to specifically target bacteria and/or biofilm, release different drugs in a controlled manner and/or in a smart fashion, i.e. in response to certain stimuli, and incorporate therapeutic cations for combined therapies, envision the development of advanced nanoformulations that could revolutionize the fight against bacterial infection.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Nanomedicine; bacterial infection; targeted therapy; combined therapy; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; controlled drug delivery; antibiotics; metal ions","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.28
Emili Esteve Salà
In the European Union (EU) procedures for the authorization of medicinal products are applied to incorporate new medicinal products and their successive amendments under the same conditions in all Member States. However, the effective marketing of medicinal products differs, and the intended harmonization based on a single authorization valid for the whole EU is fragmented by the subsequent intervention of the Member States responsible for price and reimbursement. The difference in the availability of medicines affects patients when the product is not effectively marketed. Spain was in an intermediate position in the EU, however, the latest published data indicate a clear deterioration in the availability of new medicines, moving it away from countries such as Germany, France or Italy. On the other hand, apart from innovations, there is another group of medicines with availability problems. They are medicines considered essential in therapeutics and that have been marketed for years with a continuous erosion of their prices, reducing their marketing viability. The AEMPS has qualified in May 2022 as strategic medicines some of these medicines, essential from a therapeutic point of view and, at the same time, vulnerable in relation to their supply. The intention of this paper is to revise the causes that most influence the availability of medicines in Spain and the changes that could favor their better access, both with respect to new medicines and strategic medicines. Keywords: availability of medicine; access to medicines; strategic medicine; critical medicines
{"title":"The availability of medicines in Spain","authors":"Emili Esteve Salà","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.28","url":null,"abstract":"In the European Union (EU) procedures for the authorization of medicinal products are applied to incorporate new medicinal products and their successive amendments under the same conditions in all Member States. However, the effective marketing of medicinal products differs, and the intended harmonization based on a single authorization valid for the whole EU is fragmented by the subsequent intervention of the Member States responsible for price and reimbursement.\u0000The difference in the availability of medicines affects patients when the product is not effectively marketed. Spain was in an intermediate position in the EU, however, the latest published data indicate a clear deterioration in the availability of new medicines, moving it away from countries such as Germany, France or Italy.\u0000On the other hand, apart from innovations, there is another group of medicines with availability problems. They are medicines considered essential in therapeutics and that have been marketed for years with a continuous erosion of their prices, reducing their marketing viability. The AEMPS has qualified in May 2022 as strategic medicines some of these medicines, essential from a therapeutic point of view and, at the same time, vulnerable in relation to their supply.\u0000The intention of this paper is to revise the causes that most influence the availability of medicines in Spain and the changes that could favor their better access, both with respect to new medicines and strategic medicines.\u0000\u0000Keywords: availability of medicine; access to medicines; strategic medicine; critical medicines","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49159503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.18
Luis Alcides Olivos-Oré, Marina Arribas-Blázquez, María Victoria Barahona Gomariz, Celia Llorente Sáez, A. Rodríguez Artalejo
There is no life without stress and without adaptation to stress there is no life. Adaptation to stress requires the intervention of the nervous system for proper coordination and adjustment of the intensity of the response to stressful stimuli (stressors). The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for rapid adaptive responses to stress, of which the classic example is the “fight or flight” response. This response is mediated by adrenaline secreted from the adrenal medulla and noradrenaline released both from the adrenal medulla and postganglionic sympathetic neurons. However, inadequate sympathetic activation, both in duration and intensity, may be at the origin of several “stress-related” diseases (hypertension, heart failure, pain, etc.). Although the sympathetic nervous system has traditionally been viewed as a one functional unit, the idea of a differentiated contribution to the stress response between the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic neurons, also with differentiated pathophysiological implications, is gradually gaining ground. Keywords: stress; sympathetic nervous system; adrenal medulla; chromaffin cell; stress-related diseases
{"title":"Adaptation of the adrenal medulla to stress: Pathophysiological implications","authors":"Luis Alcides Olivos-Oré, Marina Arribas-Blázquez, María Victoria Barahona Gomariz, Celia Llorente Sáez, A. Rodríguez Artalejo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.18","url":null,"abstract":"There is no life without stress and without adaptation to stress there is no life. Adaptation to stress requires the intervention of the nervous system for proper coordination and adjustment of the intensity of the response to stressful stimuli (stressors). The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for rapid adaptive responses to stress, of which the classic example is the “fight or flight” response. This response is mediated by adrenaline secreted from the adrenal medulla and noradrenaline released both from the adrenal medulla and postganglionic sympathetic neurons. However, inadequate sympathetic activation, both in duration and intensity, may be at the origin of several “stress-related” diseases (hypertension, heart failure, pain, etc.). Although the sympathetic nervous system has traditionally been viewed as a one functional unit, the idea of a differentiated contribution to the stress response between the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic neurons, also with differentiated pathophysiological implications, is gradually gaining ground.\u0000\u0000Keywords: stress; sympathetic nervous system; adrenal medulla; chromaffin cell; stress-related diseases","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47494080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.30
Cecilio J. Venegas Fito, Raquel C. Cueli Trelle, A. Ramos Carrillo
With the beginning of the Renaissance, an awakening occurred in European society experiencing changes in personal growth and way of life along with scientific concerns that translate into the search for new territories, as in this case: the Colonization of America. This was a botanical revolution with the introduction of new plants, drugs and drugs to the therapeutics of the diseases of Spain of the sixteenth century, which followed until then a pharmacotherapy based on Galenism, completed with the remedies of Paracelsus and the oriental world, which is verifiable in the inventories analyzed. These inventories include, in addition to the simple and compounds used, what we would now call medical equipment such as clisters and urinals, being helpful to glimpse the applications of therapies and drugs. On the other hand, we can observe the presence of drugs of American origin such as Indian rhubarb, cane and dragon tree. The different expeditions are in a historical framework with the same common denominator, the search for spices and gold, trade, although we also include the installation of an official pharmacy in Puerto Rico. The inventories analyzed of the remedies embarked on the fleets on these voyages are: the inventory of the expedition of Juan de Aguado of 1495, the expedition of Pedrarias Dávila in 1513, the inventory of Fray Luis de Figueroa in 1516, the inventory of Hernando de Torres in 1512 and, finally, the inventory of the remedies embarked on the expedition of Magellan – Elcano. All of great interest, the importance of the first round the world puts in value that inventory. For its part, the institutionalization of pharmacies in America began with the Sevillian apothecary Hernando de Torres and his arrival in Puerto Rico in 1512, this inventory included classic instruments of pharmaceutical art such as mortars and scales, spices and varied medicines in pharmaceutical forms such as ointments and syrups. Keywords: America; inventory; apothecaries; Indies
随着文艺复兴的开始，欧洲社会出现了一种觉醒，经历了个人成长和生活方式的变化，以及科学问题，这些问题转化为对新领土的探索，比如美国的殖民。这是一场植物学革命，引入了新的植物、药物和药物来治疗16世纪西班牙的疾病，在此之前，西班牙还采用了基于Galenism的药物疗法，并采用了帕拉塞尔苏斯和东方世界的药物，这在所分析的清单中是可验证的。除了使用的简单和化合物外，这些清单还包括我们现在所说的医疗设备，如小便器和小便器，有助于了解疗法和药物的应用。另一方面，我们可以观察到美国原产的药物的存在，如印度大黄、甘蔗和龙树。不同的探险都是在一个历史框架内进行的，有着相同的共同点，即寻找香料和黄金、贸易，尽管我们也包括在波多黎各建立一家官方药房。对这些探险中的船队所采取的补救措施进行分析的清单有：1495年胡安·德·阿瓜多探险的清单，1513年佩德里亚斯·达维拉探险的清单，1516年Fray Luis de Figueroa的清单，1512年Hernando de Torres的清单，最后，麦哲伦-埃尔卡诺探险队的补救措施清单。所有人都非常感兴趣的是，第一轮世界的重要性在于库存的价值。就其本身而言，美国药店的制度化始于塞维利亚药剂师埃尔南多·德·托雷斯，他于1512年抵达波多黎各，这一库存包括经典的制药艺术工具，如研钵和天平、香料以及各种药物形式的药物，如软膏和糖浆。关键词：美国；库存药剂师；印度
{"title":"The pharmacies of the sea. Inventories of boticas embarked on the race to Indias","authors":"Cecilio J. Venegas Fito, Raquel C. Cueli Trelle, A. Ramos Carrillo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.30","url":null,"abstract":"With the beginning of the Renaissance, an awakening occurred in European society experiencing changes in personal growth and way of life along with scientific concerns that translate into the search for new territories, as in this case: the Colonization of America. This was a botanical revolution with the introduction of new plants, drugs and drugs to the therapeutics of the diseases of Spain of the sixteenth century, which followed until then a pharmacotherapy based on Galenism, completed with the remedies of Paracelsus and the oriental world, which is verifiable in the inventories analyzed. These inventories include, in addition to the simple and compounds used, what we would now call medical equipment such as clisters and urinals, being helpful to glimpse the applications of therapies and drugs. On the other hand, we can observe the presence of drugs of American origin such as Indian rhubarb, cane and dragon tree.\u0000The different expeditions are in a historical framework with the same common denominator, the search for spices and gold, trade, although we also include the installation of an official pharmacy in Puerto Rico.\u0000The inventories analyzed of the remedies embarked on the fleets on these voyages are: the inventory of the expedition of Juan de Aguado of 1495, the expedition of Pedrarias Dávila in 1513, the inventory of Fray Luis de Figueroa in 1516, the inventory of Hernando de Torres in 1512 and, finally, the inventory of the remedies embarked on the expedition of Magellan – Elcano. All of great interest, the importance of the first round the world puts in value that inventory. For its part, the institutionalization of pharmacies in America began with the Sevillian apothecary Hernando de Torres and his arrival in Puerto Rico in 1512, this inventory included classic instruments of pharmaceutical art such as mortars and scales, spices and varied medicines in pharmaceutical forms such as ointments and syrups.\u0000\u0000Keywords: America; inventory; apothecaries; Indies","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.19
Mercedes Salaices Sánchez
This article discusses general aspects of the functions of the university and the work of the university professor. Likewise, the results of some articles that have investigated the relationship between research and teaching are analyzed. Three positions are identified in this relationship. The first affirms that teaching and research are not related; therefore, a teacher can be very productive in one aspect without necessarily being productive in the other. A second position maintains that in fact there is a relationship of incompatibility between them. The third maintains that both are mutually reinforcing. In any case, there is currently a broad consensus on the convenience of bringing research and teaching closer together in the work of professors. Finally, some examples of how research has been integrated into the teaching activity of a university department are described. It is concluded that the relationship between research and teaching can provide benefits in the learning and training of students. Keywords: university; teaching; research
{"title":"Integration of research with teaching. Experience of an university department","authors":"Mercedes Salaices Sánchez","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.19","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses general aspects of the functions of the university and the work of the university professor. Likewise, the results of some articles that have investigated the relationship between research and teaching are analyzed. Three positions are identified in this relationship. The first affirms that teaching and research are not related; therefore, a teacher can be very productive in one aspect without necessarily being productive in the other. A second position maintains that in fact there is a relationship of incompatibility between them. The third maintains that both are mutually reinforcing. In any case, there is currently a broad consensus on the convenience of bringing research and teaching closer together in the work of professors. Finally, some examples of how research has been integrated into the teaching activity of a university department are described. It is concluded that the relationship between research and teaching can provide benefits in the learning and training of students.\u0000\u0000Keywords: university; teaching; research","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.14
Albino García Sacristán
Urinary incontinence represents a serious social, medical and economic problem, which suffers a progressive increase, due to the increase in life expectancy that social, health and cultural advances have achieved. It is estimated that in the world there are approximately two hundred million people in urinary incontinence with a great economic impact of great importance that can exceed the coverage forecasts of the different systems of health care services. Our group from the Department of Physiology of the UCM has been studying the physiology of the lower urinary tract (LUT) for several years in order to determine the neurotransmitters and receptors that regulate these structures. This greater knowledge of the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the LUT has allowed these dysfunctions to be corrected with pharmacological methods compared to the traditional alternative of surgery. Keywords: micturition; urinary incontinence; chemical neurotransmission; neurotransmitters; receptors
{"title":"Regulation of the lower urinary tract: urination and urinary incontinence","authors":"Albino García Sacristán","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.14","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary incontinence represents a serious social, medical and economic problem, which suffers a progressive increase, due to the increase in life expectancy that social, health and cultural advances have achieved. It is estimated that in the world there are approximately two hundred million people in urinary incontinence with a great economic impact of great importance that can exceed the coverage forecasts of the different systems of health care services. Our group from the Department of Physiology of the UCM has been studying the physiology of the lower urinary tract (LUT) for several years in order to determine the neurotransmitters and receptors that regulate these structures. This greater knowledge of the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the LUT has allowed these dysfunctions to be corrected with pharmacological methods compared to the traditional alternative of surgery. Keywords: micturition; urinary incontinence; chemical neurotransmission; neurotransmitters; receptors","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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