Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.17
Beatriz de las Heras Polo
{"title":"A new therapeutic strategy in NLRP3 inflammasome – mediated inflammatory diseases","authors":"Beatriz de las Heras Polo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46220857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.07
José Antonio Cabezas Fernández del Campo
The main characteristics of neuraminidase / sialidase from Influenza Virus and its peculiar nomenclature are described, as well as two new, sensitive and simple procedures (fluorometric and by luminiscence) for measuring neuraminidase activity, which have been used at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the University of Salamanca (Prof. J. A. Cabezas). The kinetics of neuraminidase of three A and three B Influenza Virus Strains, and the result of the comparison of biological and physical properties of human and animal origin (pig and duck) Virus Strains, belonging to the same subtype A(H1N1), are described. Finally, the advantages and risks for the use as therapeutic agents against Influenza of the Influenza Virus neuraminidase inhibitors Zanamivir, Oseltamivir and Peramivir are discussed. Keywords: neuraminidase / sialidase; influenza virus; inhibitors
{"title":"Neuraminidase / sialidase from influenza virus: its characteristics, nomenclature, measuring of activity, kinetics, inhibitors as therapeutic agents","authors":"José Antonio Cabezas Fernández del Campo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.07","url":null,"abstract":"The main characteristics of neuraminidase / sialidase from Influenza Virus and its peculiar nomenclature are described, as well as two new, sensitive and simple procedures (fluorometric and by luminiscence) for measuring neuraminidase activity, which have been used at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the University of Salamanca (Prof. J. A. Cabezas). The kinetics of neuraminidase of three A and three B Influenza Virus Strains, and the result of the comparison of biological and physical properties of human and animal origin (pig and duck) Virus Strains, belonging to the same subtype A(H1N1), are described. Finally, the advantages and risks for the use as therapeutic agents against Influenza of the Influenza Virus neuraminidase inhibitors Zanamivir, Oseltamivir and Peramivir are discussed.\u0000\u0000Keywords: neuraminidase / sialidase; influenza virus; inhibitors","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.02
F. Andueza, Marco González, Diana Ibáza D., Paola Vásquez, F. Viteri, L. Villacis, Judith Araque, Sandra Escobar-Arrieta, Ana González-Romero, Gerardo Medina-Ramírez, Evelin Álviarez
Introduction: In Ecuador, the diversity of Aeromonas species and their resistance profiles to antibiotics in most aquatic ecosystems are unknown. Objective: To know the diversity of species of the genus Aeromonas and their resistance profiles to antibiotics present in the mineralmedicinal water spa “Santagua de Chachimbiro” and in the water of the Cuicocha crater volcanic lake. Methodology: Water samples from the “Santagua de Chachimbiro” spa and from the volcanic crater lake Cuicocha, located in the province of Imbabura-Ecuador, were analyzed. The isolation of the Aeromonas species was carried out by the deep seeding technique and by membrane filtration using R2A agar and ampicillin starch agar as the culture medium. The bacteria were identified following the schemes proposed by Longa et al., (1997), complemented with tests of the Microgen galleries. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined by the plate diffusion method of Kirby and Bauer (1966) interpreted according to the CLSI (2019). Results: A total of 19 strains of the genus Aeromonas belonging to 6 species were identified. Antibiotic resistance profiles show different patterns for each of the species, although species multi-resistant to antibiotics amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, erythromycin and tetracycline prevail. Conclusions: The presence of various species of Aeromonas in aquatic environments of Ecuador with varied profiles of resistance and multi-resistance to antibiotics is demonstrated. Keywords: aeromonas; aquatic ecosystem; mineralmedicinal water; crateric lake; resistance to antibiotics
简介：在厄瓜多尔，大多数水生生态系统中气单胞菌物种的多样性及其对抗生素的耐药性尚不清楚。目的：了解Santagua de Chachimbiro矿泉水和Cuicocha火山口火山湖中气单胞菌属的物种多样性及其对抗生素的耐药性。方法：分析了厄瓜多尔因巴布拉省“Santagua de Chachimbiro”水疗中心和Cuicocha火山口湖的水样。以R2A琼脂和氨苄青霉素淀粉琼脂为培养基，采用深播技术和膜过滤分离气单胞菌。这些细菌是根据Longa等人（1997）提出的方案进行鉴定的，并辅以Microgen画廊的测试。抗生素耐药性谱通过Kirby和Bauer（1966）的平板扩散法测定，根据CLSI（2019）进行解释。结果：共鉴定出气单胞菌属19株，隶属于6种。每个物种的抗生素耐药性谱显示出不同的模式，尽管物种对抗生素阿莫西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氨曲南、红霉素和四环素具有多重耐药性。结论：厄瓜多尔水生环境中存在多种气单胞菌，对抗生素具有不同的耐药性和多重耐药性。关键词：气单胞菌；水生生态系统；矿泉水；坑口湖；对抗生素的耐药性
{"title":"Diversity and profiles of resistance to antibiotics in species of Aeromonas isolated from the aquatic ecosystem of ecuador","authors":"F. Andueza, Marco González, Diana Ibáza D., Paola Vásquez, F. Viteri, L. Villacis, Judith Araque, Sandra Escobar-Arrieta, Ana González-Romero, Gerardo Medina-Ramírez, Evelin Álviarez","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Ecuador, the diversity of Aeromonas species and their resistance profiles to antibiotics in most aquatic ecosystems are unknown. Objective: To know the diversity of species of the genus Aeromonas and their resistance profiles to antibiotics present in the mineralmedicinal water spa “Santagua de Chachimbiro” and in the water of the Cuicocha crater volcanic lake. Methodology: Water samples from the “Santagua de Chachimbiro” spa and from the volcanic crater lake Cuicocha, located in the province of Imbabura-Ecuador, were analyzed. The isolation of the Aeromonas species was carried out by the deep seeding technique and by membrane filtration using R2A agar and ampicillin starch agar as the culture medium. The bacteria were identified following the schemes proposed by Longa et al., (1997), complemented with tests of the Microgen galleries. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined by the plate diffusion method of Kirby and Bauer (1966) interpreted according to the CLSI (2019). Results: A total of 19 strains of the genus Aeromonas belonging to 6 species were identified. Antibiotic resistance profiles show different patterns for each of the species, although species multi-resistant to antibiotics amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, erythromycin and tetracycline prevail. Conclusions: The presence of various species of Aeromonas in aquatic environments of Ecuador with varied profiles of resistance and multi-resistance to antibiotics is demonstrated.\u0000\u0000Keywords: aeromonas; aquatic ecosystem; mineralmedicinal water; crateric lake; resistance to antibiotics","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47394102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.02
C. Martínez, D. Sanz, R. M. Claramunt, José Elguero Bertolini
Four new 1,5-benzothiazepines were synthesized by reaction of o-aminothiophenol with curcumin and curcuminoid β-diketones, in methanol and in acetic acid. The mechanism involves a Michael addition on the CC double bond affording a benzothiazepine with two pendant groups, an aryl group adjacent to the sulfur atom and a 1-phenylethanone adjacent to the NH of the seven membered ring. 1D and 2D multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 15N, 119F) in solution and 13C and 15N NMR in solid state proved to be essential to elucidate the structures of these benzothiazepines, in particular their tautomerism. A secondary product has been identified that has the structure of a benzothiazole. Keywords: curcumin; β-diketones; aminothiophenol; 1,5-benzothiazepines
{"title":"Reactivity of curcumin and curcuminoid β-diketones with o-aminothiophenol: synthesis of 1,5-benzothiazepines","authors":"C. Martínez, D. Sanz, R. M. Claramunt, José Elguero Bertolini","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.02","url":null,"abstract":"Four new 1,5-benzothiazepines were synthesized by reaction of o-aminothiophenol with curcumin and curcuminoid β-diketones, in methanol and in acetic acid. The mechanism involves a Michael addition on the CC double bond affording a benzothiazepine with two pendant groups, an aryl group adjacent to the sulfur atom and a 1-phenylethanone adjacent to the NH of the seven membered ring. 1D and 2D multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 15N, 119F) in solution and 13C and 15N NMR in solid state proved to be essential to elucidate the structures of these benzothiazepines, in particular their tautomerism. A secondary product has been identified that has the structure of a benzothiazole.\u0000\u0000Keywords: curcumin; β-diketones; aminothiophenol; 1,5-benzothiazepines","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44204044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.27
Santiago Cuéllar Rodríguez, José Ángel Barberá Sáez
After a brief analysis of the Spanish political transition, in this article we will try to offer a general perspective of what this process meant for Spanish society, for the university – in particular for the Complutense University of Madrid, UCM – and, finally and to a greater extent, for the School of Pharmacy of the UCM. Doing it exhaustively, also providing the corresponding documentary graphic material, would be completely outside the limits of this article, so we will stick to a few specific aspects, which we hope will be sufficient to reach a general, global, representative and consistent for this period. To do this, we will look at Antonio Doadrio López, the dean of the transition, the existence of “complementary academic subjects” imposed by the regime, the difficulties in updating the Pharmacy curriculum, the changing academic regime, the demographic and sociological aspects most relevant of students, their associations and participation, ending with the Informative Bulletin of the Faculty (BIF), where some of the chapters of that great story that was the Transition were written in fine print. Keywords: Spanish political transition; Complutense University of Madrid; School of Pharmacy; academic curriculum; student participation; academic regimen
{"title":"The school of pharmacy, the Complutense University of Madrid and the spanish political Transition","authors":"Santiago Cuéllar Rodríguez, José Ángel Barberá Sáez","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.27","url":null,"abstract":"After a brief analysis of the Spanish political transition, in this article we will try to offer a general perspective of what this process meant for Spanish society, for the university – in particular for the Complutense University of Madrid, UCM – and, finally and to a greater extent, for the School of Pharmacy of the UCM. Doing it exhaustively, also providing the corresponding documentary graphic material, would be completely outside the limits of this article, so we will stick to a few specific aspects, which we hope will be sufficient to reach a general, global, representative and consistent for this period. To do this, we will look at Antonio Doadrio López, the dean of the transition, the existence of “complementary academic subjects” imposed by the regime, the difficulties in updating the Pharmacy curriculum, the changing academic regime, the demographic and sociological aspects most relevant of students, their associations and participation, ending with the Informative Bulletin of the Faculty (BIF), where some of the chapters of that great story that was the Transition were written in fine print.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Spanish political transition; Complutense University of Madrid; School of Pharmacy; academic curriculum; student participation; academic regimen","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48914793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.09
F. Mayor Zaragoza
Cuanto más sé más esencial aparece la libertad sin cortapisas y menos aceptable el determinismo. La grandeza de la especie humana es la libertad. Sí, la libertad es el don supremo. Al filo exacto de las certezas y de las incertidumbres, de las luces y de las sombras, decidir, elegir, imaginar… ¡crear! Cada ser humano único, investido de la facultad de discernir, de decidir en cada instante. Defendamos siempre nuestra libertad. No nos dejemos someter. Subrepticiamente, se está pasando del sueño de la liberación al de la prosperidad. Continue reading...
{"title":"Freedom, the supreme gift... of all","authors":"F. Mayor Zaragoza","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.09","url":null,"abstract":"Cuanto más sé más esencial aparece la libertad sin cortapisas y menos aceptable el determinismo. La grandeza de la especie humana es la libertad.\u0000\u0000Sí, la libertad es el don supremo. Al filo exacto de las certezas y de las incertidumbres, de las luces y de las sombras, decidir, elegir, imaginar… ¡crear! Cada ser humano único, investido de la facultad de discernir, de decidir en cada instante.\u0000\u0000Defendamos siempre nuestra libertad. No nos dejemos someter. Subrepticiamente, se está pasando del sueño de la liberación al de la prosperidad.\u0000\u0000Continue reading...","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49271941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.20
Icíar Astiasarán Anchía, Larisa Giura, D. Ansorena
The interest in vegetable proteins has increased in recent years as they represent a great alternative for the production of analogue products to traditional animal origin foods. In addition to the advantages of its production, which is more sustainable than animal protein production, this option is better accepted by consumers than other alternatives such as insects or cultured meat. The techno-functional properties of vegetable proteins can be improved with the application of traditional and emerging technologies. From a nutritional point of view, it is possible to compensate for some deficits with a varied diet. There are still technological challenges, both in terms of their production and also of their use in the development of healthy foods, alternatives to their counterparts of animal origin. Keywords: proteins; techno-functionality; sustainability; vegetables
{"title":"Functional, nutritional and commercial aspects of Plant-based proteins as alternative for meat products analogues. A review","authors":"Icíar Astiasarán Anchía, Larisa Giura, D. Ansorena","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.20","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in vegetable proteins has increased in recent years as they represent a great alternative for the production of analogue products to traditional animal origin foods. In addition to the advantages of its production, which is more sustainable than animal protein production, this option is better accepted by consumers than other alternatives such as insects or cultured meat. The techno-functional properties of vegetable proteins can be improved with the application of traditional and emerging technologies. From a nutritional point of view, it is possible to compensate for some deficits with a varied diet. There are still technological challenges, both in terms of their production and also of their use in the development of healthy foods, alternatives to their counterparts of animal origin.\u0000\u0000Keywords: proteins; techno-functionality; sustainability; vegetables","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45344389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.26
Rosa Basante Pol
On January 6, 1932 Domingo Barnés Salinas, member of the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, directed by Fernando de los Ríos, in the second government of Manuel Azaña, agreed to the desire of the Royal College of Pharmacists of Madrid, to modify the name of this Corporation by the “Spanish Academy of Pharmacy”, in order to mark more clearly its objectives of “promoting and propagating the advances of Pharmaceutical Science, promote culture and contribute to the prestige of pharmacists”. Of the 200 members that made up the Royal College of Pharmacists of Madrid at the beginning of 1932, all pharmacists and residents in Madrid, only eight were women, a very small number that we have to analyze within the social situation and the role of women at the time; simply the difficulties they had to pursue university studies was a challenge. After the Civil War, and the corresponding purges, those former academics who wished to continue belonging to the Cororation were obliged to present the corresponding request. No woman presented her candidacy for full member, only three remained in the status of corresponding Academics: Josefina Bayle, Ascensión Mas-Guindal Calderero and Petra Ascensión Vidal Piazuelo. Since 1946, by a decree signed by José Ibáñez Martín, Minister of National Education, the National Academy of Pharmacy was incorporated into the Institute of Spain, but we do not know the entry of a woman to this Corporation until 1955, then María Dolores Stamm Menéndez will be incorporated, as the corresponding academic. After her, some were admitted until, in 1987, a woman reached the recognition of excellence as a number Academic, it will be María Cascales Angosto, the first to achieve it since our Coproración was part of the Institute of Spain. The road that these women had to travel to reach the maximum recognition, as in other scientific or academic institutions, was long and – not infrequently – full of difficulties. Our purpose is to analyze who these pioneers were and what were the means and ways that led them to achieve their objectives. Our research aims to re-integrate their names into history, record their effort, dedication and perseverance and value their scientific excellence; for this we will use, basically, the documents preserved in the Archive of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy. Keywords: women; academy; academy of pharmacy; Madrid; Spain
1932年1月6日，由费尔南多·德洛斯·里奥斯（Fernando de los Ríos）领导的公共教育和美术部成员多明戈·巴尼斯·萨利纳斯（Domingo Barnés Salinas）在曼努埃尔·阿扎尼亚（Manuel Azaña）的第二届政府中同意马德里皇家药剂师学院的愿望，将该公司的名称改为“西班牙药学学院”，为了更清楚地表明其“促进和宣传药学的进步，促进文化，提高药剂师的声誉”的目标。1932年初，马德里皇家药剂师学院的200名成员中，所有药剂师和马德里居民中只有8名是女性，我们必须在当时的社会状况和妇女的角色范围内分析的一小部分；简单地说，他们在大学学习时遇到的困难就是一个挑战。在南北战争和相应的清洗之后，那些希望继续属于科罗拉廷的前学者不得不提出相应的请求。没有一位女性提出正式成员的候选人资格，只有三位仍处于相应学院的地位：Josefina Bayle、Ascensión Mas Guindal Calderro和Petra Ascensiín Vidal Piazuelo。自1946年以来，根据国家教育部长JoséIbáñez Martín签署的法令，国家药学学院并入西班牙研究所，但我们直到1955年才知道有女性加入该公司，然后María Dolores Stamm Menéndez将作为相应的学者加入。在她之后，一些人被录取，直到1987年，一位女性获得了卓越的学术认可，这将是玛丽亚·卡斯卡莱斯·安戈斯托，她是自我们的Coproración是西班牙研究所的一部分以来第一位获得这一认可的人，时间很长，而且常常充满困难。我们的目的是分析这些先驱是谁，以及引导他们实现目标的手段和方式。我们的研究旨在将他们的名字重新融入历史，记录他们的努力、奉献和毅力，并珍视他们的科学卓越；为此，我们将基本上使用保存在皇家国家药学院档案馆的文件。关键词：女性；学院药学学会；马德里西班牙
{"title":"Women in the academy: the beginnings of the female presence in our corporation","authors":"Rosa Basante Pol","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.26","url":null,"abstract":"On January 6, 1932 Domingo Barnés Salinas, member of the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, directed by Fernando de los Ríos, in the second government of Manuel Azaña, agreed to the desire of the Royal College of Pharmacists of Madrid, to modify the name of this Corporation by the “Spanish Academy of Pharmacy”, in order to mark more clearly its objectives of “promoting and propagating the advances of Pharmaceutical Science, promote culture and contribute to the prestige of pharmacists”.\u0000Of the 200 members that made up the Royal College of Pharmacists of Madrid at the beginning of 1932, all pharmacists and residents in Madrid, only eight were women, a very small number that we have to analyze within the social situation and the role of women at the time; simply the difficulties they had to pursue university studies was a challenge.\u0000After the Civil War, and the corresponding purges, those former academics who wished to continue belonging to the Cororation were obliged to present the corresponding request. No woman presented her candidacy for full member, only three remained in the status of corresponding Academics: Josefina Bayle, Ascensión Mas-Guindal Calderero and Petra Ascensión Vidal Piazuelo.\u0000Since 1946, by a decree signed by José Ibáñez Martín, Minister of National Education, the National Academy of Pharmacy was incorporated into the Institute of Spain, but we do not know the entry of a woman to this Corporation until 1955, then María Dolores Stamm Menéndez will be incorporated, as the corresponding academic. After her, some were admitted until, in 1987, a woman reached the recognition of excellence as a number Academic, it will be María Cascales Angosto, the first to achieve it since our Coproración was part of the Institute of Spain.\u0000The road that these women had to travel to reach the maximum recognition, as in other scientific or academic institutions, was long and – not infrequently – full of difficulties. Our purpose is to analyze who these pioneers were and what were the means and ways that led them to achieve their objectives.\u0000Our research aims to re-integrate their names into history, record their effort, dedication and perseverance and value their scientific excellence; for this we will use, basically, the documents preserved in the Archive of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy.\u0000\u0000Keywords: women; academy; academy of pharmacy; Madrid; Spain","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.06
José Carlos Menéndez Ramos
The first achievement of the 2022 Chemistry Nobel Prize awardees, Sharpless in particular, was of a conceptual nature and consisted in the proposal of the click chemistry concept, together with its placement in a broader theoretical frame. In a second phase, both Sharpless and Meldal established the copper(I)-catalyzed conditions that allowed the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to be recognized as the first click reaction, which was broadly employed in all fields of chemistry. These discoveries laid the ground for the development by Bertozzi of bioorthogonal chemistry on the basis of the increased reactivity associated to ring strain in cyclooctyne derivatives. The influence of these ideas and discoveries has been widespread and has led to innumerable advances in many fields of Chemistry and Biology. Keywords: Click chemistry; cycloadditions; drug synthesis; biological chemistry; drug discovery
{"title":"From the Huisgen cycloaddition to bioorthogonal chemistry. A commentary on the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry","authors":"José Carlos Menéndez Ramos","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"The first achievement of the 2022 Chemistry Nobel Prize awardees, Sharpless in particular, was of a conceptual nature and consisted in the proposal of the click chemistry concept, together with its placement in a broader theoretical frame. In a second phase, both Sharpless and Meldal established the copper(I)-catalyzed conditions that allowed the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to be recognized as the first click reaction, which was broadly employed in all fields of chemistry. These discoveries laid the ground for the development by Bertozzi of bioorthogonal chemistry on the basis of the increased reactivity associated to ring strain in cyclooctyne derivatives. The influence of these ideas and discoveries has been widespread and has led to innumerable advances in many fields of Chemistry and Biology.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Click chemistry; cycloadditions; drug synthesis; biological chemistry; drug discovery","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46057481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.22
J. García-Bernalt Diego, R. Manzano-Román, A. Muro
The progress of low and middle income countries is absolutely dependent on the high impact of twenty forgotten or neglected entities caused by a wide range of etiological agents. Although there are available treatments against many of them, reinfections and drug resistance hamper their control. Until now, only commercial vaccines are effective to manage for Dengue virus and rabies. Some reasons are the low efficacy of conventional vaccines, the long lasting development and the lack of industrial involvement. Moreover, the biological and structural complexity and immunomodulatory arsenal of the neglected parasitic diseases make this an important prophylactic challenge. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed the real potential of mRNA vaccine technology. The flexibility of the platform associated with the new and innovative technological immunoinformatic approaches offer a new hope to face many of the sanitary problems related to poverty population for the near future. Keywords: neglected tropical diseases; parasitic zoonoses; poverty; vaccines; mRNA
{"title":"Vaccines and Neglected Tropical Diseases: a complicated challenge or a postpandemic hope","authors":"J. García-Bernalt Diego, R. Manzano-Román, A. Muro","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.22","url":null,"abstract":"The progress of low and middle income countries is absolutely dependent on the high impact of twenty forgotten or neglected entities caused by a wide range of etiological agents. Although there are available treatments against many of them, reinfections and drug resistance hamper their control. Until now, only commercial vaccines are effective to manage for Dengue virus and rabies. Some reasons are the low efficacy of conventional vaccines, the long lasting development and the lack of industrial involvement. Moreover, the biological and structural complexity and immunomodulatory arsenal of the neglected parasitic diseases make this an important prophylactic challenge. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed the real potential of mRNA vaccine technology. The flexibility of the platform associated with the new and innovative technological immunoinformatic approaches offer a new hope to face many of the sanitary problems related to poverty population for the near future.\u0000\u0000Keywords: neglected tropical diseases; parasitic zoonoses; poverty; vaccines; mRNA","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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